1
|
Rurek M. Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1406635. [PMID: 38974521 PMCID: PMC11224649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1406635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a closer analysis of cell functioning during β-coronavirus infection. This review will describe evidence for COVID-19 as a syndrome with a strong, albeit still underestimated, mitochondrial component. Due to the sensitivity of host mitochondria to coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial signaling, modulates the immune response, modifies cellular energy metabolism, induces apoptosis and ageing, worsening COVID-19 symptoms which can sometimes be fatal. Various aberrations across human systems and tissues and their relationships with mitochondria were reported. In this review, particular attention is given to characterization of multiple alterations in gene expression pattern and mitochondrial metabolism in COVID-19; the complexity of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins is presented. The participation of mitogenome fragments in cell signaling and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA within membranous compartments, including mitochondria is widely discussed. As SARS-CoV-2 severely affects the quality system of mitochondria, the cellular background for aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics in COVID-19 is additionally characterized. Finally, perspectives on the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis by numerous compounds and therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahbub NU, Islam MM, Hong ST, Chung HJ. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348279. [PMID: 38435303 PMCID: PMC10904658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal behavior of α-synuclein and prion proteins is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion illnesses, respectively, being complex neurological disorders. A primary cause of protein aggregation, brain injury, and cognitive loss in prion illnesses is the misfolding of normal cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into an infectious form (PrPSc). Aggregation of α-synuclein causes disruptions in cellular processes in Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to loss of dopamine-producing neurons and motor symptoms. Alteration in the composition or activity of gut microbes may weaken the intestinal barrier and make it possible for prions to go from the gut to the brain. The gut-brain axis is linked to neuroinflammation; the metabolites produced by the gut microbiota affect the aggregation of α-synuclein, regulate inflammation and immunological responses, and may influence the course of the disease and neurotoxicity of proteins, even if their primary targets are distinct proteins. This thorough analysis explores the complex interactions that exist between the gut microbiota and neurodegenerative illnesses, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disorders. The involvement of the gut microbiota, a complex collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses etc., in various neurological illnesses is becoming increasingly recognized. The gut microbiome influences neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter synthesis, mitochondrial function, and intestinal barrier integrity through the gut-brain axis, which contributes to the development and progression of disease. The review delves into the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships, emphasizing the effects of microbial metabolites such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating brain functioning. Additionally, it looks at how environmental influences and dietary decisions affect the gut microbiome and whether they could be risk factors for neurodegenerative illnesses. This study concludes by highlighting the critical role that the gut microbiota plays in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion disease. It also provides a promising direction for future research and possible treatment approaches. People afflicted by these difficult ailments may find hope in new preventive and therapeutic approaches if the role of the gut microbiota in these diseases is better understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Uddin Mahbub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Minarul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Xia Y, Li X, He R, Xie X. Case report: A case of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy secondary to Influenza A virus during Long COVID. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1302504. [PMID: 38288123 PMCID: PMC10822910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular abnormalities have been reported in association with viral infections, including Long COVID, a debilitating illness caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This report presents a case of a female patient diagnosed with Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy (AMN) following an Influenza A virus infection during Long COVID who experienced severe inflammation symptoms and ocular complications. We hypothesize that the rare occurrence of AMN in this patient could be associated with the immune storm secondary to the viral infection during Long COVID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihao Xia
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Runxi He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejun Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Candeias E, Pereira-Santos AR, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM, Esteves ARF. The Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: The Catalytic Role of Mitochondria. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:413-429. [PMID: 38875045 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that gut inflammation is implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Despite the numerous connections it remains unclear how the gut and the brain communicate and whether gut dysbiosis is the cause or consequence of these pathologies. Importantly, several reports highlight the importance of mitochondria in the gut-brain axis, as well as in mechanisms like gut epithelium self-renewal, differentiation, and homeostasis. Herein we comprehensively address the important role of mitochondria as a cellular hub in infection and inflammation and as a link between inflammation and neurodegeneration in the gut-brain axis. The role of mitochondria in gut homeostasis and as well the crosstalk between mitochondria and gut microbiota is discussed. Significantly, we also review studies highlighting how gut microbiota can ultimately affect the central nervous system. Overall, this review summarizes novel findings regarding this cross-talk where the mitochondria has a main role in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease strengthen by cellular, animal and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Candeias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Fernandes Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Satheesan A, Sharma S, Basu A. Sodium Butyrate Induced Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Death in an Experimental Model of Japanese Encephalitis. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2831-2847. [PMID: 37650987 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate have been explored in a wide array of neurological pathologies. It is a 4-carbon SCFA produced from the fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut-microbiota. As evident from previous literature, butyrate plays a wide array of functions in CNS and interestingly enhances the differentiation potential of Neural stem/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs). Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a well-known member of the Flaviviridae family and has been shown to alter neural stem cell pool of the brain, causing devastating consequences. In this study, we administered sodium butyrate (NaB) post JEV infection in BALB/c mouse model to examine any possible amelioration of the viral infection in NSPCs. In addition, ex vivo neurospheres and in vitro model of NSPCs were also used to study the effect of sodium butyrate in JEV infection. As an unprecedented finding, butyrate treated infected animals presented early onset of symptoms, as compared to their respective JEV infected groups. Alongside, we observed an increased viral load in NSPCs isolated from these animals as well as in cell culture models upon sodium butyrate treatment. Cytometric bead array analysis also revealed an increase in inflammatory cytokines, particularly, MCP-1 and IL-6. Further, increased expression of the key members of the canonical NF-κB pathway, viz-a-viz p-NF-κB, p-Iκ-Bα and p-IKK was observed. Overall, the increased inflammation and cell death caused early symptom progression in NaB-treated JEV infected animal model, which is contradictory to the well documented protective nature of NaB and therefore a better understanding of SCFA-based modulation of the gut-brain axis in viral infections is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India
| | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, 122052, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salles J, Gueugneau M, Patrac V, Malnero-Fernandez C, Guillet C, Le Bacquer O, Giraudet C, Sanchez P, Collin ML, Hermet J, Pouyet C, Boirie Y, Jacobs H, Walrand S. Associating Inulin with a Pea Protein Improves Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle Mass and Muscle Mitochondrial Activities in Old Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3766. [PMID: 37686798 PMCID: PMC10490296 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in muscle mass and function, leading to increased risk for mobility limitations and frailty. Dietary interventions incorporating specific nutrients, such as pea proteins or inulin, have shown promise in attenuating age-related muscle loss. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pea proteins given with inulin on skeletal muscle in old rats. Old male rats (20 months old) were randomly assigned to one of two diet groups for 16 weeks: a 'PEA' group receiving a pea-protein-based diet, or a 'PEA + INU' group receiving the same pea protein-based diet supplemented with inulin. Both groups showed significant postprandial stimulation of muscle p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation rate after consumption of pea proteins. However, the PEA + INU rats showed significant preservation of muscle mass with time together with decreased MuRF1 transcript levels. In addition, inulin specifically increased PGC1-α expression and key mitochondrial enzyme activities in the plantaris muscle of the old rats. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with pea proteins in combination with inulin has the potential to attenuate age-related muscle loss. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and determine the optimal dosage and duration of intervention for potential translation to human studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Salles
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Véronique Patrac
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | | | - Christelle Guillet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Olivier Le Bacquer
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Phelipe Sanchez
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Marie-Laure Collin
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Julien Hermet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Corinne Pouyet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PlateForme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB-Clermont, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition Clinique, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Heidi Jacobs
- Cosucra-Groupe Warcoing S.A., 7740 Warcoing, Belgium; (C.M.-F.); (H.J.)
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (C.G.); (P.S.); (M.-L.C.); (J.H.); (C.P.); (Y.B.); (S.W.)
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition Clinique, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|