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Singleton S, Dieterle C, Walker DJ, Runeberg T, Oswald AS, Rosenqvist G, Robertson L, McCarthy T, Sarkar S, Baptista-Hon D, Hales TG. Activation of μ receptors by SR-17018 through a distinctive mechanism. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110093. [PMID: 39067665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Agonists at μ opioid receptors relieve acute pain, however, their long-term use is limited by side effects, which may involve β-arrestin2. Agonists biased against β-arrestin2 recruitment may be advantageous. However, the classification of bias may be compromised by assays utilising overexpressed μ receptors which overestimate efficacy for G-protein activation. There is a need for re-evaluation with restricted receptor availability to determine accurate agonist efficacies. We depleted μ receptor availability in PathHunter CHO cells using the irreversible antagonist, β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA), and compared efficacies and apparent potencies of twelve agonists, including several previously reported as biased, in β-arrestin2 recruitment and cAMP assays. With full receptor availability all agonists had partial efficacy for stimulating β-arrestin2 recruitment relative to DAMGO, while only TRV130 and buprenorphine were partial agonists as inhibitors of cAMP accumulation. Limiting receptor availability by prior exposure to β-FNA (100 nM) revealed morphine, oxycodone, PZM21, herkinorin, U47700, tianeptine and U47931e are also partial agonists in the cAMP assay. The efficacies of all agonists, except SR-17018, correlated between β-arrestin2 recruitment and cAMP assays, with depleted receptor availability in the latter. Furthermore, naloxone and cyprodime exhibited non-competitive antagonism of SR-17018 in the β-arrestin2 recruitment assay. Limited antagonism by naloxone was also non-competitive in the cAMP assay, while cyprodime was competitive. Furthermore, SR-17018 only negligibly diminished β-arrestin2 recruitment stimulated by DAMGO (1 μM), whereas fentanyl, morphine and TRV130 all exhibited the anticipated competitive inhibition. The data suggest that SR-17018 achieves bias against β-arrestin2 recruitment through interactions with μ receptors outside the orthosteric agonist site. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ligand Bias".
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Singleton
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Clara Dieterle
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David J Walker
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tyko Runeberg
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Andrew S Oswald
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Greta Rosenqvist
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Laura Robertson
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Taylor McCarthy
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Shuvam Sarkar
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Daniel Baptista-Hon
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tim G Hales
- Institute of Academic Anaesthesia, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2023. Peptides 2024; 179:171268. [PMID: 38943841 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
This paper is the forty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2023 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug and alcohol abuse (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Psychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA.
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Singer ML, Shin MK, Kim LJ, Freire C, Aung O, Pho H, East JA, Sgambati FP, Latremoliere A, Pham LV, Polotsky VY. The efficacy of intranasal leptin for opioid-induced respiratory depression depends on sex and obesity state. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1320151. [PMID: 38162827 PMCID: PMC10756673 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1320151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is the primary cause of death associated with opioids and individuals with obesity are particularly susceptible due to comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Repeated exposure to opioids, as in the case of pain management, results in diminished therapeutic effect and/or the need for higher doses to maintain the same effect. With limited means to address the negative impact of repeated exposure it is critical to develop drugs that prevent deaths induced by opioids without reducing beneficial analgesia. Methods: We hypothesized that OIRD as a result of chronic opioid use can be attenuated by administration of IN leptin while also maintaining analgesia in both lean mice and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) of both sexes. To test this hypothesis, an opioid tolerance protocol was developed and a model of OIRD in mice chronically receiving morphine and tolerant to morphine analgesia was established. Subsequently, breathing was recorded by barometric plethysmography in four experimental groups: obese male, obese female, lean male, and lean female following acute administration of IN leptin. Respiratory data were complemented with measures of arterial blood gas. Operant behavioral assays were used to determine the impact of IN leptin on the analgesic efficacy of morphine. Results: Acute administration of IN leptin significantly attenuated OIRD in DIO male mice decreasing the apnea index by 58.9% and apnea time by 60.1%. In lean mice leptin was ineffective. Blood gas measures confirmed the effectiveness of IN leptin for preventing respiratory acidosis in DIO male mice. However, IN leptin was not effective in lean mice of both sexes and appeared to exacerbate acid-base disturbances in DIO female mice. Additionally, morphine caused a complete loss of temperature aversion which was not reduced by intranasal leptin indicating IN leptin does not decrease morphine analgesia. Discussion: IN leptin effectively treated OIRD in morphine-tolerant DIO male mice without impacting analgesia. In contrast, IN leptin had no effect in lean mice of either sex or DIO female mice. The arterial blood gas data were consistent with ventilatory findings showing that IN leptin reversed morphine-induced respiratory acidosis only in DIO male mice but not in other mouse groups. Finally, a hypercapnic sensitivity study revealed that IN leptin rescued minute ventilation under hypercapnic conditions only in DIO male mice, which suggests that differential responses to IN leptin are attributable to different leptin sensitivities depending on sex and the obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mi-Kyung Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lenise J. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carla Freire
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - O Aung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Huy Pho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua A. East
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research and Education (CISRE), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Frank P. Sgambati
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research and Education (CISRE), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, United States
| | - Luu V. Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, WA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, WA, United States
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