1
|
Waqar MA, Zaman M, Khan R, Shafeeq Ur Rahman M, Majeed I. Navigating the tumor microenvironment: mesenchymal stem cell-mediated delivery of anticancer agents. J Drug Target 2024; 32:624-634. [PMID: 38652480 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2347356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Scientific knowledge of cancer has advanced greatly throughout the years, with most recent studies findings includes many hallmarks that capture disease's multifaceted character. One of the novel approach utilised for the delivery of anti-cancer agents includes mesenchymal stem cell mediated drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-haematopoietic progenitor cells that may be extracted from bone marrow, tooth pulp, adipose tissue and placenta/umbilical cord blood dealing with adult stem cells. MSCs are mostly involved in regeneration of tissue, they have also been shown to preferentially migrate to location of several types of tumour in-vivo. Usage of MSCs ought to improve both effectiveness and safety of anti-cancer drugs by enhancing delivery efficiency of anti-cancer therapies to tumour site. Numerous researches has demonstrated that various drugs, when delivered via mesenchymal stem cell mediated delivery can elicit anti-tumour effect of cells in cancers of breast cells and thyroid cells. MSCs have minimal immunogenicity because to lack of co-stimulatory molecule expression, which means there is no requirement for immunosuppression after allogenic transplantation. This current review elaborates recent advancements of mesenchyma stem cell mediated drug delivery of anti-cancer agents along with its mechanism and previously reported studies of drugs manufactured via this drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Waqar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabeel Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Imtiaz Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malta CP, Santi SS, Barcelos RCS, Zanatta FB, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo animal studies and in vitro laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:345-359. [PMID: 38779200 PMCID: PMC11108423 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_24_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to determine whether premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus. Materials and Methods Searches of studies published up to January 2023 were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and via other methods (databases of the International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, and gray literature). The inclusion criteria were in vivo animal and in vitro studies that analyzed the response in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, cell viability, and genotoxicity. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for in vivo studies and modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro were appraised. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata. Results Fifty-two studies were included. In the RoB, in vivo studies fulfilled 20%-50% of the items and in vitro 60%-100%. The studies included in the meta-analysis demonstrated better histocompatibility with the premixed calcium silicate-based sealers at 30 days and greater cell viability with these sealers when used in undiluted extracts in experimental period of 72 h and in extracts with 1:2 and 1:4 dilution in 24 and 72 h. In contrast, no difference between materials was found concerning genotoxicity. Conclusion Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better histocompatibility and are less cytotoxic than the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus, demonstrating favorable biological behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Samantha Simoni Santi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Radwanski M, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Galita G, Siwecka N, Sokolowski J, Majsterek I, Özcan M, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bioceramic root canal sealers compared to conventional resin-based sealer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4124. [PMID: 38374199 PMCID: PMC10876547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium-silicate based sealers and comparing them with a gold standard-an epoxy-based sealant. Two experimental cell lines were used, gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and monocyte/macrophage peripheral blood cell line (SC). The cytotoxicity (XTT assay) and genotoxicity (comet assay) were evaluated both after 24-h and 48-h incubation. Additionally, after 48-h incubation, the cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression was detected. BioRoot Flow induced a significant decrease in hGF cells viability compared to the negative control groups both after 24-h (p < 0.001) and 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). In group with SC cells, after 24-h incubation significant increase in cells viability was detected for AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in comparison to negative control (p < 0.05). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS can be considered potentially genotoxic for the hGF cells after 48-h incubation (> 20% DNA damage). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS, may have potential genotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in hGF cells which may irritate periapical tissues, resulting in a delayed healing. The findings of the study would be useful in selection of an appropriate sealant for root canal filling without causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dos Santos MM, Só GB, Siocheta G, Jahnke LT, Krabbe WM, Pinheiro LS, Só MVR, da Rosa RA. Interfacial adaptation of NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS and MTA in root-end cavities: A micro-CT study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:172-178. [PMID: 37732407 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to use the micro-computed tomography to evaluate the interfacial adaptation and the presence of gaps of NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS, and MTA in the root-end cavities. METHODOLOGY Thirty standardized bovine roots measuring 15 mm in length were selected. Chemical-mechanical preparation was performed up to instrument #80 and obturation with the cold lateral compaction technique with cement based on zinc oxide and eugenol. The roots were kept at 37°C for 7 days. Afterward, apicectomy of the apical 3 mm and a root-end filling cavity was performed at 3 mm depth. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to measure the volume of the retroactivity. The roots were divided by stratified randomization into three groups according to the retro-end filling material: NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS, and MTA. A new micro-CT was performed to assess the presence of voids in the root-end filling material and between it and the canal wall. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed using the BioEstat 4.0 program. RESULTS There was no difference in the initial volume values of the root-end cavities (p > .05). After the insertion of root-end filling materials, the most significant volumes of voids were observed in the NeoMTA Plus group (p < .05), with no difference for the BioRoot RCS and MTA Angelus groups (p > .05). CONCLUSION Micro-computed tomography showed that MTA and BioRoot RCS have better interfacial adaptation and presented fewer number of gaps than NeoMTA Plus when used as root-end filling materials. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Micro-computed tomography evaluation of different root-end fillings materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Mancio Dos Santos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barcelos Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovana Siocheta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Thomasi Jahnke
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wesley Misael Krabbe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Siqueira Pinheiro
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan Y, Li Y, Chi Y, Ji M, Shen Y, Zou L. A comparative study of biological properties of three root canal sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:11. [PMID: 38129367 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Hiflow with other two kinds of root canal sealers on the biological behavior of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP), the influence on inflammatory cytokines release and its antibacterial effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Material extracts of Hiflow, iRoot SP, and AH Plus were prepared. Then, SCAP was incubated with extracts. The effects were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, polymorphonuclears (PMNs) and monocytes were isolated and treated with extracts for 4 h and 24 h respectively. Cell viability was analyzed by Annexin-V/PI double staining flow cytometry. The effects on the release of cytokines were observed by ELISA. The antibacterial effects of different sealers were tested against three kinds of bacteria found in chronic apical periodontitis. RESULTS A series of results of SCAP showed that Hiflow and iRoot SP could promote cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenesis (p < 0.05). Although Hiflow was associated with greater cell apoptosis and necrosis when incubated with PMNs and monocytes (p < 0.05), it had an approximate release of anti-inflammatory cytokines with iRoot SP, which was higher than AH plus (p < 0.05). The co-culture showed that Hiflow and iRoot SP inhibited the colony formation of F. nucleatum (p < 0.05). However, both sealers had no obvious antibacterial effect on E. faecalis and P. gingivalis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, Hiflow and iRoot SP both had positive biological stimulus on SCAP. Meanwhile, Hiflow showed a better induction on anti-inflammatory cytokines over the others. All the properties mentioned above and its antibacterial effect of F. nucleatum promise Hiflow a bright application prospect in endodontic uses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE References for clinical work to use BC Sealer Hiflow as a good biological root canal sealer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqi Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengzhen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Zheng T, Yang N, Yin Z, Wang W, Bai Y. A Review of the research methods and progress of biocompatibility evaluation of root canal sealers. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:508-514. [PMID: 36480411 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of root canal sealer was to achieve an appropriate three-dimensional filling effect by filling the root canal and some irregular lumen, thereby inhibiting the residual bacteria. There were many types of sealers, but research to find the most suitable ones was still ongoing. In recent years, researchers had continuously improved the performance of sealers by developing new sealers or adding active ingredients to the sealers. However, most sealers exhibit varying degrees of cytotoxicity and tissue responses, which affect clinical therapy efficacy. This review describes different technical approaches, and recent research progress in the biocompatibility evaluation of root canal sealers and provides brief insights into this field by summarising the performance studies of different root canal sealers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Yang
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Tianxia Zheng
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Nuoya Yang
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Zihan Yin
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Wuliang Wang
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Yuhong Bai
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Castro-Jara S, Antilef B, Osbén C, Alcántara R, Fraga M, Nova-Lamperti E, Sánchez-Sanhueza G. Bioactivity analysis of calcium silicate-based sealers and repair cements on the phenotype and cytokine secretion profile of CD14 + monocytes: An ex vivo study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:80-91. [PMID: 36226465 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the immune bioactivity of testing media (TM) obtained from different calcium silicate-based sealers and cements on monocyte morphology, activation, differentiation and cytokine secretion. METHODS Blood-derived CD14+ monocytes were isolated and cultured for 5 days with 25% TM from the following calcium silicate-based materials: TotalFill BC RRM Fast-Set Putty, Biodentine, TotalFill BC Sealer and BioRoot-Root-Canal-Sealer (RCS). A resin-based endodontic cement was used as a control. The expression of surface markers such as CD86, HLA-DR, CD16, CD309 and CD209, and cytokine secretion were analysed by flow cytometry. Data were analysed using the one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (anova) multiple comparison test and a Holm-Sidak multiple comparison post-hoc test (p < .05). RESULTS This comparative analysis revealed that monocytes co-cultured with calcium silicate-based materials showed a spindle-shaped morphology compared with the round shape observed in the control. Regarding activation markers, BioRoot-RCS and Biodentine significantly increased CD86 expression compared with the control sample, whereas no significant differences (p > .05) were observed in HLA-DR expression. In addition, no differences were observed among the differentiation markers. When the inflammatory cytokines were analysed, BioRoot-RCS increased the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, whereas BioRoot-RCS and Biodentine significantly decreased IL-8 production (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS These data showed that the calcium silicate-based materials tested changed the morphology of CD14+ monocytes; however, only BioRoot-RCS and Biodentine significantly upregulated CD86. In addition, BioRoot-RCS was the sealer with the highest immunomodulatory properties for cytokine production which means that it can contribute with the in vivo healing process and regeneration of periapical lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castro-Jara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bárbara Antilef
- Molecular & Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Osbén
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Alcántara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco Fraga
- Molecular & Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Estefanía Nova-Lamperti
- Molecular & Translational Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriela Sánchez-Sanhueza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Discipline, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers before and after Setting Procedures. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060847. [PMID: 35743878 PMCID: PMC9227444 DOI: 10.3390/life12060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are commonly used for successful endodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of epoxy resin-based sealers under unset and set conditions. Three epoxy resin-based sealers were used: Adseal, AH Plus, and Dia-Proseal. To test cytotoxicity, an agar overlay test and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were performed using unset and set sealers on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The genotoxicity test of the comet assay was performed using the same cell line. Extract dilutions in the culture media were used as test materials for the MTT and comet assays. The comet tail produced by the damaged DNA was calculated by image analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Unset sealers did not show defined decolorized areas. Hardened specimens of resin-based sealers showed circular discolored zones in the agar overlay test. Dia-Proseal was the least cytotoxic after hardening. These results were confirmed in the MTT assay. Cell viability was significantly higher in cells treated with hardened sealers in both groups than that in cells treated with freshly mixed sealers in the MTT assay. Unset AH Plus® and Dia-Proseal™ significantly increased cell viability with decreasing dilution. Adseal™ was the least cytotoxic. Freshly mixed Adseal™ was more genotoxic when freshly mixed than when set. Unset epoxy resin-based sealers were generally more cytotoxic and genotoxic than set materials. Cytotoxicity does not always match the genotoxicity results; therefore, various test tools are required to test toxicity. It is necessary to properly evaluate the toxic effects to establish a biocompatibility test that mimics clinical conditions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Touya N, Devun M, Handschin C, Casenave S, Omar NA, Gaubert A, Dusserre N, De Oliveira H, Kérourédan O, Devillard R. In vitroand in vivocharacterization of a novel tricalcium silicate-based ink for bone regeneration using laser-assisted bioprinting. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35203068 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Grafts aside, current strategies employed to overcome bone loss still fail to reproduce native tissue physiology. Among the emerging bioprinting strategies, Laser-Assisted Bioprinting (LAB) offers very high resolution, allowing designing micrometric patterns in a contactless manner, providing a reproducible tool to test ink formulation. To this date, no LAB associated ink succeeded to provide a reproducible ad integrum bone regeneration on a murine calvaria critical size defect model. Using the CE approved BioRoot RCS® as a mineral addition to a collagen-enriched ink compatible with LAB, the present study describes the process of the development of a solidifying tricalcium silicate-based ink as a new bone repair promoting substrates in a LAB model. This ink formulation was mechanically characterized by rheology to adjust it for LAB. Printed aside Stromal Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAPs), this ink demonstrated a great cytocompatibility, with significant in vitro positive impact upon cell motility, and an early osteogenic differentiation response in the absence of another stimulus. Results indicated that the in vivo application of this new ink formulation to regenerate critical size bone defect tends to promote the formation of bone volume fraction without affecting the vascularization of the neo-formed tissue. The use of LAB techniques with this ink failed to demonstrate a complete bone repair, whether SCAPs were printed or not of at its direct proximity. The relevance of the properties of this specific ink formulation would therefore rely on the quantity applied in situ as a defect filler rather than its cell modulation properties observed in vitro. For the first time, a tricalcium silicate-based printed ink, based on rheological analysis, was characterized in vitro and in vivo, giving valuable information to reach complete bone regeneration through formulation updates. This LAB-based process could be generalized to normalize the characterization of candidate ink for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Touya
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Mathilde Devun
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Charles Handschin
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering: Bordeaux, FR, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Sophia Casenave
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Naïma Ahmed Omar
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Nathalie Dusserre
- ART Bioprint, INSERM U1026, 146 rue leo saignat, BORDEAUX, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Hugo De Oliveira
- , Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie tissulaire, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Olivia Kérourédan
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire, INSERM U1026, 146 rue Léo Saignat, BORDEAUX, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Raphael Devillard
- Bioingenierie tissulaire, INSERM U1026, 146 rue leo Saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Özdemir O, Kopac T. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of root canal sealers: A review on recent studies. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221076325. [PMID: 35164598 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221076325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of endodontic root canal sealers have been employed for the purpose of filling voids and irregularities in root canals, as well as reducing/removing bacterial remnants/remains. Sealers are available in various formulations, and research work to find the most appropriate ones is still ongoing. Recently, many kinds of novel root canal sealers have been introduced under various commercial names. However, most sealers are known to exhibit different levels of cytotoxicity on tissues which would result in prolonged wound healing, inflammation, and bone resorption. Preferably, sealers need to have tolerable biological and physico-chemical properties along with biocompatibility. Additives promoting the biocompatibility and bioactivity of sealers are of major concern in clinical applications. The aim of this review was to compare, evaluate, and analyze comparatively the cytotoxic effects, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties of recently used root canal sealers. A comprehensive literature search was made to identify their properties involving biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. In general, the sealers reported in recent literature exhibited favorable biological features in comparison to conventional ones. They promoted better cell viability and biocompatibility. The incorporation of additives influences favorably the potential negative effects. However, it has been highlighted that there is a lack of well-designed long-term clinical applications, and more in vitro and in vivo research work would be helpful to confirm the sustainability of the sealers for further clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Özdemir
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Turkan Kopac
- Department of Chemistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malta C, Silva Barcelos R, Segat H, Burger M, Souza Bier C, Morgental R. Toxicity of bioceramic and resinous endodontic sealers using an alternative animal model: Artemia salina. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:185-188. [PMID: 35720815 PMCID: PMC9205353 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_401_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The present study assessed the toxicity of a novel calcium silicate-based root canal sealer (Bio-C Sealer) in comparison to Endosequence BC Sealer and AH Plus through a lethality assay involving brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Methods: Brine shrimp cysts were incubated for 24 h for the hatching of the larvae, which were then exposed to different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 μg/mL) of the test endodontic sealers for 24 h, followed by the determination of the survival rate. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way repeated-measures ANOVA and the Newman–Keuls post hoc test were used to compare the different materials as well as different concentrations of the same material. Dunnett's test was used to compare the different concentrations and different sealers to the control. The lethal concentration of each endodontic sealer necessary to kill 50% of the brine shrimp larvae (LC50) was also determined. Results: The toxicity of Bio-C (10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 μg/mL) and Endosequence BC Sealer (20, 80, and 100 μg/mL) was lower than that of AH Plus. No significant difference was found between Bio-C and Endosequence BC Sealer or among the different intragroup concentrations of these sealers. In the AH Plus group, concentrations ≥5.0 μg/mL exhibited greater toxicity compared to the concentration of 2.5 μg/mL and the control. AH Plus had the lowest LC50 (59.95 μg/mL), whereas Bio-C and Endosequence BC Sealer had LC50 values >200 μg/mL. Conclusions: Bio-C Sealer proved to be less toxic than AH Plus and exhibited similar toxicity to that of Endosequence BC Sealer.
Collapse
|
13
|
Alsubait S, Alhathlol N, Alqedairi A, Alfawaz H. A micro-computed tomographic evaluation of retreatability of BioRoot RCS in comparison with AH Plus. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:222-227. [PMID: 33119208 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the retreatability of filling material from canals filled with BioRoot RCS (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France) and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) combined with gutta-percha using micro-computed tomography for evaluation. Thirty-four mandibular premolars were divided into two groups according to the sealer used. Thirty days after obturation, canals were retreated with a ProTaper Universal retreatment system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). The time taken for retreatment was recorded. The roots were scanned after obturation, after retreatment and after PUI. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Canals filled with BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly less remaining filling material than canals filled with AH Plus (P < 0.05). The addition of PUI resulted in a significant decrease in the residual material in both groups (P < 0.05). A significantly shorter retreatment time was reported for the AH Plus group than the BioRoot RCS group (P < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alsubait
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Alhathlol
- Endodontic Residency Program, Saudi Commission for Health Specialist, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alqedairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Alfawaz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Erdogan H, Yildirim S, Cobankara FK. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of salicylate- and calcium silicate-based root canal sealers on primer human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:645-653. [PMID: 34097343 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of epoxy-resin-based AHPlus, salicylate-based MTA-Fillapex and calcium silicate-based iRootSP root canal sealers. Cytotoxicity was assessed by XTT test. The extracts from sealers of different setting times were serially diluted. Cell viability was calculated as the percentage of the control group (100%). The optimal concentration of each sealer was used at genotoxicity test, and micronuclei formations were detected. Statistical analyses were done by using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post hoc test with Bonferroni correction. AHPlus and MTA-Fillapex showed the lowest percentage of cell viability at higher concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4), especially at first 12 h. iRootSP showed higher viability at all concentrations and times than AHPlus and MTA-Fillapex. At genotoxicity assay, AHPlus increased the number of micronuclei. MTA-Fillapex slightly induced micronucleus formation (not significant) and iRootSP was not increased. In conclusion, calcium silicate-based iRootSP had lowest cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and can be considered as a highly biocompatible material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Erdogan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yildirim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Funda Kont Cobankara
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
iRoot SP Promotes Osteo/Odontogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Activation of NF- κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2020:6673467. [PMID: 33424977 PMCID: PMC7775135 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6673467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of bone and tooth tissues, and related cellular therapies, has attracted widespread attention. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are potential candidates for such regeneration. iRoot SP is a premixed bioceramic root canal sealer widely used in clinical settings. However, the effect of iRoot SP on the biological features of BMSCs has not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that 0.2 mg/ml iRoot SP conditioned medium promoted osteo/odontogenic differentiation and enhanced mineralization of BMSCs without affecting the proliferative ability. Mechanistically, the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways were activated in SP-treated BMSCs, and differentiation was inhibited when cultured with the specific inhibitor. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that iRoot SP promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, which could provide a new theoretical basis for clinical applications of iRoot SP and a new therapeutic target for the regeneration of bone and tooth tissue in the future.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lim M, Jung C, Shin DH, Cho YB, Song M. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e35. [PMID: 32839716 PMCID: PMC7431927 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chanyong Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-bum Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanz JL, López-García S, Lozano A, Pecci-Lloret MP, Llena C, Guerrero-Gironés J, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. Microstructural composition, ion release, and bioactive potential of new premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers indicated for warm vertical compaction technique. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1451-1462. [PMID: 32651645 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructural composition, ion release, cytocompatibility, and mineralization potential of Bio-C Sealer ION+ (BCI) and EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCHiF), compared with AH Plus (AHP), in contact with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sealers' ionic composition and release were assessed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. For the biological assays, hPDLCs were isolated from third molars, and sealer extracts were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). An MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and cell morphology and adhesion analysis were performed. Activity-related gene expression was determined using RT-qPCR, and mineralization potential was assessed using Alizarin Red staining (ARS). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α < 0.05). RESULTS The three sealers exhibited variable levels of silicon, calcium, zirconium, and tungsten release and in their composition. Both BCI and BCHiF groups showed positive results in cytocompatibility assays, unlike AHP. The BCHiF group showed an upregulation of CAP (p < 0.01), CEMP1, ALP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001) compared with the negative control, while the BCI group showed an upregulation of CEMP1 (p < 0.01), CAP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001). Both groups also exhibited a greater mineralization potential than the negative and positive controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The calcium silicate-based sealers considered in the present in vitro study exhibited a high calcium ion release, adequate cytocompatibility, upregulated osteo/cementogenic gene expression, and increased mineralized nodule formation in contact with hPDLCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE From a biological perspective, BCI and BCHiF could be clinically suitable for root canal filling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - S López-García
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun X, Sun A, Jia X, Jin S, Zhang D, Xiao K, Wang Q. In vitro bioactivity of AH plus with the addition of nano-magnesium hydroxide. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:313. [PMID: 32355757 PMCID: PMC7186602 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background AH Plus (AH) has been widely used as a root canal sealer in the endodontic field due to its superior physicochemical properties. However, clinical application of AH is limited due to its weak bioactivity. Methods In this study, we have developed an AH cement containing nano-magnesium hydroxide (NMH) as an additive to enhance the bioactivity of AH. The NMH can neutralize pH and facilitate bone formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of NMH and modified AH on osteoblasts behavior in vitro. The CCK-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were used to assess the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, respectively. The adhesion and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells were investigated in vitro by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the flow and magnesium ion release of the modified AH was also concerned. Results In vitro cell assays further showed that the addition of NMH into AH cement, which was denoted as modified AH (especially AH+3%NMH), could effectively improve the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusions Taken all together, we believe that the modified AH samples (especially AH+3%NMH) have outstanding biocompatibility and osteogenic properties and may have great potential in endodontic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Aoteng Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Xingya Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Shi Jin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Keshen Xiao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Said F, Moeen F, Khan MT, Mansoor A, Uzbek UH, Alam MK, Siddiqui AA. Cytotoxicity, Morphology and Chemical Composition of Two Luting Cements: An in Vitro Study. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
20
|
Fonseca DA, Paula AB, Marto CM, Coelho A, Paulo S, Martinho JP, Carrilho E, Ferreira MM. Biocompatibility of Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244113. [PMID: 31818038 PMCID: PMC6947586 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of root canal sealers that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence. (2) Methods: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (ID 140445) and was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published between 2000 and 11 June 2019 that evaluated cytotoxicity (cell viability/proliferation) and biocompatibility (tissue response) of root canal sealers were included. (3) Results: From a total of 1249 studies, 73 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies were included. In general, studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility, e.g., material setting condition and time, material concentration, and type of exposure. Bioactive endodontic sealers seem to exhibit a lower toxic potential in vitro. (4) Conclusions: The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level. However, the methodological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility. Further research is crucial to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of root canal sealers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Afonso Fonseca
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-249-151
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Siri Paulo
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - José Pedro Martinho
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
López-García S, Myong-Hyun B, Lozano A, García-Bernal D, Forner L, Llena C, Guerrero-Gironés J, Murcia L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ. Cytocompatibility, bioactivity potential, and ion release of three premixed calcium silicate-based sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1749-1759. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
22
|
Biocompatibility and Mineralization Activity of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12152482. [PMID: 31387241 PMCID: PMC6696455 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxic effects and mineralization activity of three calcium silicate-based root canal sealers to those of a conventional resin-based sealer. Experiments were performed using human dental pulp stem cells grown in a monolayer culture. The root canal sealers tested in this study were EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler), BioRoot RCS (Septodont), Endoseal MTA (Maruchi), and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey). Experimental disks 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height were made and stored in a 100% humidity chamber at 37 °C for 72 h to achieve setting. The cytotoxicity of various root canal sealers was evaluated using a methyl-thiazoldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. To evaluate cell migration ability, a scratch wound healing method was used, and images of the scratch area were taken using a phase-contrast microscope. Cell morphology was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope after direct exposure for 72 h to each sealer disk. In the cell viability assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). In the cell migration assay, there were no significant differences between the EndoSequence BC, Endoseal MTA, and control groups in any experimental period (p > 0.05). BioRoot RCS exhibited slower cell migration relative to EndoSequence BC and Endoseal MTA for up to 72 h (p < 0.05). Conversely, it showed a similar wound healing percentage at 96 h (p > 0.05). In an evaluation of cell morphology, cells in direct contact with EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA disks showed superior spreading compared to those in contact with the AH Plus disk. In an Alizarin red staining assay, EndoSequence BC, BioRoot RCS, and Endoseal MTA showed a significant increase in mineralized nodule formation compared to the AH Plus group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all calcium silicate-based root canal sealers tested in this study showed good biological properties and mineralization activity compared to conventional resin-based sealer.
Collapse
|
23
|
Alsubait S, Albader S, Alajlan N, Alkhunaini N, Niazy A, Almahdy A. Comparison of the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate- and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms: a confocal laser-scanning microscopy analysis. Odontology 2019; 107:513-520. [PMID: 30927150 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the antibacterial activity of BioRoot RCS in comparison with that of the Totalfill BC and AH Plus sealers against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentinal tubules using confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Sixty-six root dentin halves were prepared and sterilized. Three sections were used to ensure sterilization. The remaining were inoculated with E. faecalis. Three specimens were examined to verify the viability of biofilms. The sixty specimens were randomly divided into four groups: AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, Totalfill BC sealer, and no sealer. The specimens were incubated for 1, 7, and 30 days. The specimens were stained and four corners of each disc were scanned. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Almost half of the bacteria were dead in BioRoot RCS group on day 1 and in Totalfill BC group on day 7. All sealers killed significantly more bacteria than the control after 30 days (P < .05). On day 7, Totalfill BC showed a significantly higher percentage of dead bacteria than BioRoot RCS (P < .05). On day 30, the BioRoot RCS group registered the highest percentage of dead cells (61.75%), which was significantly higher than the percentages of the AH Plus and Totalfill BC groups (P < .05). Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers exerted antimicrobial effects against E. faecalis biofilms. The antibacterial activity of BioRoot RCS was significantly higher than that of the Totalfill BC and AH Plus sealers after 30 days of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alsubait
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | - Abdurahman Niazy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almahdy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim Y, Kim BS, Kim YM, Lee D, Kim SY. The Penetration Ability of Calcium Silicate Root Canal Sealers into Dentinal Tubules Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12030531. [PMID: 30754612 PMCID: PMC6385034 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the penetration ability of calcium silicate root canal sealers and conventional resin-based sealer using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 60 recently extracted single-rooted human premolars were used in this study. The root canals were prepared to a size 40/0.06 taper with ProFile rotary instruments and irrigated with NaOCl and EDTA. After drying all canals, the specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 20): Group 1, gutta-percha (GP)/AH Plus with continuous wave compaction; group 2, GP/BioRoot RCS with a single-cone technique; and group 3, GP/Endoseal MTA with a single-cone technique. All experimental samples were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis using a low-speed diamond wheel at the apical, middle, and coronal third levels. The penetration abilities of all samples were evaluated using CLSM. A Kruskal⁻Wallis analysis and a series of Mann⁻Whitney U post hoc tests were performed. A higher intensity level was found in the coronal area and a lower intensity level in the apical area in all the experimental groups. The AH Plus group showed higher sum fluorescence intensity in the apical and coronal thirds compared with the BioRoot RCS and Endoseal MTA groups, whereas the BioRoot RCS group showed a higher intensity level in the middle third, similar to the AH Plus group. The maximum sealer penetration depth was low in the apical area and high in the coronal area in the AH Plus and Endoseal MTA groups. In the BioRoot RCS group, maximum sealer penetration was observed in the middle third. In conclusion, there were significant differences in sealer penetration pattern and distance according to the root level and sealer type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Ban-Suk Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Donghee Lee
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sin-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Endodontic sealers based on calcium silicates: a systematic review. Odontology 2018; 107:421-436. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
26
|
Souza GL, Rosatto CMP, Silva MJB, Silva MV, Rocha Rodrigues DB, Moura CCG. Evaluation of apoptosis/necrosis and cytokine release provoked by three root canal sealers in human polymorphonuclears and monocytes. Int Endod J 2018; 52:629-638. [PMID: 30388307 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and cytokine release of three fresh root canal sealers and to determine the type of cell death they induce. METHODOLOGY The sealers tested were Sealer 26 (S26), AH Plus (AHP), and Endosequence BC Sealer (END). Fresh sealers were cultivated in contact with monocytes and polymorphonuclears (PMNs) obtained from the peripheral blood of humans. Cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis were analysed at 4 h (PMNs) or 24 h (monocytes) using Annexin-V and propidium iodide in a cytometer. The supernatants were used to quantify Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in monocytes and IL-8 in PMNs by ELISA. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey post-test were used to compare data for cytotoxicity, and the multiple T-test was used to determine the differences between sealers in the release of cytokines that were statistically significant. RESULTS After 4 h of treatment, S26 was associated with greater cell viability than the other sealers (P < 0.05) in the PMN culture and had similar values of necrosis as END (P > 0.05). After 24 h of treatment, AHP and END had greater monocyte cell viability than S26 (P < 0.05), which had more necrosis (P < 0.05). END had the lowest levels of IL-12 compared to the other sealers (P < 0.05) and higher levels of IL-6 compared to S26 (P < 0.05). The tested sealers did not differ in the release of IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-4 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The effect of toxic agents released varied depending on the cell type studied. The composition of the sealers appeared to alter the form of self-regulation in the production of these cytokines by cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - C M P Rosatto
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - M J B Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - M V Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - D B Rocha Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - C C G Moura
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|