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Wang M, Chen Z, Tang Z, Tang S. Natural products derived from traditional Chinese medicines targeting ER stress for the treatment of kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2396446. [PMID: 39192602 PMCID: PMC11360642 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2396446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Various factors, both internal and external, can disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and increase the burden of protein folding, resulting in ER stress. While short periods of ER stress can help cells return to normal function, excessive or prolonged ER stress triggers a complex signaling network that negatively affects cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant role of ER stress in various kidney diseases, such as immune-related kidney injury, diabetic kidney diseases, renal ischemia reperfusion injury, and renal fibrosis. To date, there is a severe shortage of medications for the treatment of acute and chronic kidney diseases of all causes. Natural products derived from various traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), which are a major source of new drugs, have garnered considerable attention. Recent research has revealed that many natural products have renoprotective effects by targeting ER stress-mediated events, such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current research progress on natural products targeting ER stress for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziru Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- GCP Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Hernández G, Ponce de la Cal A, Louis Y, Baró Robaina Y, Coll Y, Spengler I, Mirabal-Gallardo Y. Identification of Secondary Metabolites by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS in Antifungal Strain Trichoderma harzianum (LBAT-53). J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:547. [PMID: 39194873 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are filamentous fungi generally observed in nature, which are widely marketed as biocontrol agents. The secondary metabolites produced have obtained special attention since they possess attractive chemical structures with a broad spectrum of biological activities. In Cuba, the species of Trichoderma have been commercially applied for the control of several phytopathogens to protect agricultural crops, but few studies have been carried out to detect and characterize the production of metabolites with biological activity. The strain Trichoderma harzianum LBAT-53 was subjected to an antifungal in vitro assay against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense by dual culture and volatile metabolite assays and fermented in PDB under constant agitation conditions. The ethyl acetate crude extract was obtained by liquid-liquid extraction. The fungal extract was investigated for the composition of secondary metabolites through chemical screening and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in negative ionization mode. As a result, LBAT-53 showed antagonistic activity in vitro (Class 2) against the pathogen evaluated in direct confrontation (76.9% of inhibition in 10 days) and by volatile metabolites (<40% in 7 days). Furthermore, seven low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds, including chrysophanol, phomarin, endocrocin, and trichophenol A, among others, were identified using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. This study is the first work on the characterization of secondary metabolites produced by the commercially applied strain LBAT-53, which is a promising source of bioactive compounds. These results provide a better understanding of the metabolism of this fungus, which is widely used in Cuba as biopesticides in agriculture pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Hernández
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | | | - Yuset Louis
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | | | - Yamilet Coll
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Iraida Spengler
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Yaneris Mirabal-Gallardo
- Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
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3
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Varlı M, Kim E, Oh S, Pulat S, Zhou R, Gamage CDB, Gökalsın B, Sesal NC, Kim KK, Paik MJ, Kim H. Chrysophanol inhibits of colorectal cancer cell motility and energy metabolism by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 oncogenic complex. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:253. [PMID: 39030594 PMCID: PMC11264950 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the KITENIN/ErbB4 oncogenic complex is associated with metastasis of colorectal cancer to distant organs and lymph nodes and is linked with poor prognosis and poor survival. METHODS Here, we used in vitro and in silico methods to test the ability of chrysophanol, a molecule of natural origin, to suppress the progression of colorectal cancer by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 complex. RESULTS Chrysophanol binds to ErbB4, disrupting the ErbB4/KITENIN complex and causing autophagic degradation of KITENIN. We demonstrated that chrysophanol binds to ErbB4 according to a molecular docking model. Chrysophanol reversed KITENIN-mediated effects on cell motility, aerobic glycolysis, and expression of downstream effector genes. Moreover, under conditions of KITENIN overexpression, chrysophanol suppressed the production of onco-metabolites. CONCLUSION Chrysophanol suppresses oncogenic activities by targeting the KITENIN/ErbB4 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Varlı
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 146 Chosundae-gil, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Songjin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sultan Pulat
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chathurika D B Gamage
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Barış Gökalsın
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nüzhet Cenk Sesal
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseoro, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Catalano A, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Marra M, Conforti F, Lupi FR, Gabriele D, Borges F, Sinicropi MS. Aloe vera-An Extensive Review Focused on Recent Studies. Foods 2024; 13:2155. [PMID: 38998660 PMCID: PMC11241682 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, Aloe vera L. (AV) has attracted scientific interest because of its multiple cosmetic and medicinal properties, attributable to compounds present in leaves and other parts of the plant. The collected literature data show that AV and its products have a beneficial influence on human health, both by topical and oral use, as juice or an extract. Several scientific studies demonstrated the numerous biological activities of AV, including, for instance, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antifungal. Moreover, its important antidepressant activity in relation to several diseases, including skin disorders (psoriasis, acne, and so on) and prediabetes, is a growing field of research. This comprehensive review intends to present the most significant and recent studies regarding the plethora of AV's biological activities and an in-depth analysis exploring the component/s responsible for them. Moreover, its morphology and chemical composition are described, along with some studies regarding the single components of AV available in commerce. Finally, valorization studies and a discussion about the metabolism and toxicological aspects of this "Wonder Plant" are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca R Lupi
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabriele
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS-Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Zhang D, Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Yang X, Man J, Wang D, Li X. Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking, the Active Components, Targets, and Mechanisms of Flemingia philippinensis in Improving Inflammation Were Excavated. Nutrients 2024; 16:1850. [PMID: 38931205 PMCID: PMC11206888 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flemingia philippinensis, a polyphenol-rich plant, holds potential for improving inflammation, but its mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, this study employed network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the mechanism by which Flemingia philippinensis ameliorates inflammation. In this study, 29 kinds of active ingredients were obtained via data mining. Five main active components were screened out for improving inflammation, which were flemichin D, naringenin, chrysophanol, genistein and orobol. In total, 52 core targets were identified, including AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2), serum albumin (ALB), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified 2331 entries related to biological processes, 98 entries associated with cellular components, and 203 entries linked to molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis yielded 149 pathways, including those involved in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, endocrine resistance, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed strong binding effects between the main active components and the core targets, with binding energies less than -5 kcal/mol. In summary, this study preliminarily elucidated the underlying mechanisms by which Flemingia philippinensis, through a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach, ameliorates inflammation. This provides a theoretical foundation for the subsequent application of Flemingia philippinensis in inflammation amelioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zhang
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Qixing Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Xiangxuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Jiaxu Man
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Dongxue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
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6
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Legesse M, Abebe A, Degu S, Alebachew Y, Tadesse S. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of knipholone analogs. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1287-1293. [PMID: 36315255 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2139696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we use knipholone as a prototype molecule to identify new anti-infective agents. Since knipholone is insoluble in water, which would have a detrimental effect on its bioavailability and efficacy, we synthesized knipholone Mannich base derivatives (2-4) that have better predicted solubility and investigated their in vitro antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The chemical structures of compounds 1-4 were elucidated from their 1H and 13C NMR data, and their antimicrobial activity evaluation was carried out by a broth microdilution MTT assay. Compound 3 exhibited the strongest efficacy against Staphylococcus epidermidis, with MIC value of 9.7 µg/mL. While 4 exhibited the best activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with an MIC value of 19.5 µg/mL, and was the only one to significantly inhibit the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes (MIC = 78.2 µg/mL). The study provides evidence for the antibacterial activity of aminoalkyl derivatives of knipholone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Legesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Degu
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yonatan Alebachew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Tadesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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7
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Kepdieu Tchebou RV, Farooq U, Teponno RB, Wani TA, Tapondjou LA, Rasool A, Sarwar R, Khushal A, Bukhari SM, Zargar S, Xu HG, Khan S. Exploring Cassia mimosoïdes as a promising natural source of steroids with potent anti-cancer, urease inhibition, and antimicrobial properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9159-9168. [PMID: 38500625 PMCID: PMC10945739 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08913d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Cassia is a rich source of physiologically active secondary metabolites, including a novel compound named 21-methylene-24-ethylidene lophenol, alongside 15 known compounds. These compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. They exhibited promising antimicrobial activity, particularly against bacteria causing gastrointestinal infections. Compound 1 showed strong anti-bacterial activity against H. pylori and S. aur with MIC values of 0.28 and 0.12 μg mL-1 respectively. The study investigated their impact on H. pylori, a contributor to ulcer development, by inhibiting the urease enzyme. Inhibiting urease can reduce H. pylori's pathogenic potential, evident from the fact that the compounds evaluated toward urease enzyme showed higher inhibitory activity (1.024 ± 0.43 6.678±0.11 μM) compared to standard thiourea (IC50 = 18.61 ± 0.11 μM). Molecular docking studies confirmed their inhibitory action, with compound 7 notably outperforming thiourea in inhibiting urease (-6.95 kcal mol-1vs. -3.13 kcal mol-1). Additionally, these compounds showed positive effects on liver functioning, which H. pylori can impair. Compound 9 shows the best response against human HepG2 liver cancer cell lines i.e., % viability is 14.47% ± 0.69 and IC50 is 7.8 μM ± 0.21. These compounds hold potential as lead compounds for addressing gastrointestinal and liver disorders caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Viani Kepdieu Tchebou
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang Box 67 Dschang Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad 22010 KPK Pakistan sarakhancuiatd.edu.pk
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad 22010 KPK Pakistan sarakhancuiatd.edu.pk
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Rémy Bertrand Teponno
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang Box 67 Dschang Cameroon
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University POBox 2457 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Léon Azefack Tapondjou
- Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang Box 67 Dschang Cameroon
| | - Azhar Rasool
- Department of Zoology, GC University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad 22010 KPK Pakistan sarakhancuiatd.edu.pk
| | - Aneela Khushal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad 22010 KPK Pakistan sarakhancuiatd.edu.pk
| | - Syed Majid Bukhari
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad 22010 KPK Pakistan sarakhancuiatd.edu.pk
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry College of Science, King Saud University PO Box 22452 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Sara Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad 22010 KPK Pakistan sarakhancuiatd.edu.pk
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Guo B, Yu Y, Wang M, Li R, He X, Tang S, Liu Q, Mao Y. Targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway with natural plants and phytochemical ingredients: A novel therapeutic method for combatting cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116313. [PMID: 38377736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to introduce the roles and mechanisms of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in various cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemiareperfusion. In addition, the effects of phytochemical ingredients and different natural plants, mainly traditional Chinese medicines, on the regulation of different cardiovascular diseases via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway are discussed. Surprisingly, the JAK2 pathway has dual roles in different cardiovascular diseases. Future research should focus on the dual regulatory effects of different phytochemical ingredients and natural plants on JAK2 to pave the way for their use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yunfeng Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Min Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xuan He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Siqin Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Qili Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yilin Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410005, China.
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9
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Wei Q, Gao F, Gao L, Gao H, Zhang J, Bao R, Zhang H, Wang J, Shen Q, Gu M. Construction of chrysophanol loaded nanoparticles with N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan for enhanced nephroprotective effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106685. [PMID: 38154506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural occurring anthraquinone like chrysophanol has been studied because of its anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. Nonetheless, its poor water solubility and unstable nature are big concerns in achieving efficient delivery and associated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects. Herein, this study sought to solve the above-mentioned problem through development of chrysophanol-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the bioavailability of chrysophanol and to evaluate its anti-renal fibrosis effect in rats. After synthesis of a safe N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan, we used it to prepare chrysophanol-loaded nanoparticles through dialysis technique before we performed and physical characterization. Also, we tested the stability of the nanoparticles for 21 days at 4 °C and room temperature (25 °C) and evaluated their pharmacokinetics and anti-renal fibrosis effect in rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In terms of results, the nano-preparation demonstrated an acceptable narrow size distribution, wherein the encapsulation rate, size, polydispersed index (PDI) and electrokinetic potential at room temperature were respectively 83.41±0.89 %, 364.88±13.62 nm, 0.192±0.015 and 23.78±1.39 mV. During 21 days of storage, we observed that size of particles and electrokinetic potential altered slightly but the difference was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Also, in vitro release studies showed that the formulation reached 84.74 % at 24 h. Chrysophanol nanoparticles showed a 2.57-fold increase in bioavailability compared to unformulated chrysophanol. More importantly, chrysophanol nanoparticles demonstrated certain renal internalization properties and anti-renal fibrosis effects, which could ultimately result in reduced blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney-injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels in model rats. In conclusion, the prepared chrysophanol-loaded nanoparticles potentially increased bioavailability and enhanced nephroprotective effects of chrysophanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Fuping Gao
- Department of Pathology, Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, China
| | - Leiping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Hong Gao
- PharmaMax Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., No.1 Nanbatang Road, China Medical City, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.58 Changsheng South Road, Taicang, Jiangsu 215499, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qiusheng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
| | - Mingjia Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
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10
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Xi S, Ding W, Weng D, Zeng Y, Gao K, Wu Q, Huang G, Li Y, Yue H. Chrysophanol induces apoptosis and ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells by targeted regulation of mTOR. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14417. [PMID: 38230790 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) induction is a promising strategy for killing gastric cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of chrysophanol on apoptosis and ferroptosis in gastric cancer cells. Chrysophanol in concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μM were used to treat GES-1, HGC-27 and AGS cells. Cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, flow cytometry, JC-1 probe insertion, dihydroethidium staining and western blotting were performed. The effects of chrysophanol on gastric cancer cells were evaluated in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. Chrysophanol had no cytotoxic effects on GES-1 cells. Chrysophanol with concentrations higher than 25 μM inhibited gastric cancer cell colony formation and proliferation. Chrysophanol induces gastric cancer cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential dysfunction and cytochrome c release. Additionally, chrysophanol increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, total iron, and Fe2+ in HGC-27 and AGS cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of cells with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 attenuated the effects of chrysophanol on cell survival and the expression of ferroptosis markers SLC7A11 and GPX4. Screening by GEO software indicated that the mTOR signalling pathway is possibly regulated by chrysophanol. Furthermore, mTOR overexpression significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of chrysophanol on gastric cancer cells. In gastric cancer xenograft mouse models, chrysophanol treatment inhibited tumour growth and downregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4. Chrysophanol induces apoptosis and ferroptosis, making it a potential candidate for killing gastric cancer cells. The beneficial effects of chrysophanol may be attribute to the targeted regulation of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Danping Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, PLA Naval Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zhang XY, Wang X, Ye T, Shao N, Wang J, Cai B, Xie DJ. Network pharmacology-based approach to understand the effect and mechanism of chrysophanol against cognitive impairment in Wilson disease. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:89-99. [PMID: 37999884 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is a rare hereditary copper metabolism disorder, wherein cognitive impairment is a common clinical symptom. Chrysophanol (CHR) is an active compound with neuroprotective effects. The study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CHR in WD and attempted to understand the potential mechanisms. Network pharmacology analysis was applied to predict the core target genes of CHR against cognitive impairment in WD. The rats fed with copper-laden diet for 12 weeks, and the effect of CHR on the copper content in liver and 24-h urine, the learning and memory ability, the morphological changes and the apoptosis level of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region, the expression level of Bax, Bcl-2, Cleaved Caspase-3, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT proteins were detected. Network pharmacology analysis showed that cell apoptosis and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway might be the main participants in CHR against cognitive impairment in WD. The experiments showed that CHR could reduce the copper content in liver, increase the copper content in 24-h urine, improve the ability of the learning and memory, alleviate the damage and apoptosis level of hippocampal neurons, down-regulate the expression of Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, and up-regulate the expressions of Bcl-2, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT. These results suggested that CHR could alleviate cognitive impairment in WD by inhibiting cell apoptosis and triggering the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ye
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Shao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Jun Xie
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jamshidi S, Rostami A, Shojaei S, Taherkhani A, Taherkhani H. Exploring natural anthraquinones as potential MMP2 inhibitors: A computational study. Biosystems 2024; 235:105103. [PMID: 38123060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) plays a significant role in cleaving extracellular matrix components, leading to many cancer cells' progression and invasion behavior. Therefore, MMP2 inhibition may hold promise for cancer treatment. Anthraquinones have shown antineoplastic effects, some of which have been used in clinical practice as anticancer drugs. This study used a computational drug discovery approach to assess the possible inhibitory effects of selected anthraquinones on MMP2. The results were then compared with that of Captopril, which was considered a standard drug. METHODS This study used the AutoDock 4.0 tool to evaluate the binding affinity of 21 anthraquinones to the MMP2 catalytic domain. The most favorable scores based on the Gibbs free binding energy scores were given to the highest-ranked ligands. The Discovery Studio Visualizer tool illustrated interactions between MMP2 residues and top-ranked anthraquinones. RESULTS A total of 12 anthraquinones were identified with ΔGbinding scores less than - 10 kcal/mol. Pulmatin (Chrysophanol-8-glucoside) was the most potent MMP2 inhibitor, with a ΔGbinding score of - 12.91 kcal/mol. This anthraquinone was able to restrict MMP2 activity within a picomolar range. CONCLUSION MMP2 inhibition by anthraquinones, notably Pulmatin, may be a useful therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Jamshidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Rostami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Setareh Shojaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Heshmatollah Taherkhani
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Luo J, Lu Q, Sun B, Shao N, Huang W, Hu G, Cai B, Si W. Chrysophanol improves memory impairment and cell injury by reducing the level of ferroptosis in A β25-35 treated rat and PC12 cells. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:348. [PMID: 37780805 PMCID: PMC10539257 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related chronic and neurodegenerative disease that has become a global health problem. AD pathogenesis is complex, and the clinical efficacy of commonly used anti-AD drugs is suboptimal. Recent research has revealed a close association between AD-induced damage and the activation of ferroptosis signaling pathways. Chrysophanol (CHR) the principal medicinal component of Rhubarb, has been reported to have anti-AD effects and can reduce ROS levels in AD-damaged models. AD has been linked to the activation of ferroptosis signaling pathways, which has an important feature of higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the present study explored whether CHR had an anti-AD effect by regulating the ferroptosis levels in AD injury models. Morris water maze, novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, western blotting, ROS measurement, GPx activity measurement, LPO measurement, transmission electron microscopy, live/dead cell staining were used to investigate the changes in spatial memory level and ferroptosis level in AD model, and the intervention effect of CHR. CHR improved the spatial memory level of AD rat models, reduced the level of hippocampal neuron damage, and improved the survival rate of PC12 cells damaged by β-amyloid (Aβ). Meanwhile, CHR increased glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) protein expression, GPx activity, and GSH, decreased ROS and LPO levels in AD rat models and Aβ-damaged PC12 cells, and improved mitochondrial pathological damage. Our findings suggest that CHR may play a protective role in AD injury by lowering ferroptosis levels, which may provide a potential pathway for developing drugs for AD. However, the mechanism of CHR's role requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Qingyang Lu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Nan Shao
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Biao Cai
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012 China
| | - Wenwen Si
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, 230012 China
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14
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Qun T, Zhou T, Hao J, Wang C, Zhang K, Xu J, Wang X, Zhou W. Antibacterial activities of anthraquinones: structure-activity relationships and action mechanisms. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1446-1471. [PMID: 37593578 PMCID: PMC10429894 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of untreatable infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the discovery of new drugs from natural products has become a hot research topic. The antibacterial activity of anthraquinones widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicine has attracted much attention. Herein, the structure and activity relationships (SARs) of anthraquinones as bacteriostatic agents are reviewed and elucidated. The substituents of anthraquinone and its derivatives are closely related to their antibacterial activities. The stronger the polarity of anthraquinone substituents is, the more potent the antibacterial effects appear. The presence of hydroxyl groups is not necessary for the antibacterial activity of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives. Substitution of di-isopentenyl groups can improve the antibacterial activity of anthraquinone derivatives. The rigid plane structure of anthraquinone lowers its water solubility and results in the reduced activity. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanisms of anthraquinone and its analogs are explored, mainly including biofilm formation inhibition, destruction of the cell wall, endotoxin inhibition, inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and blockage of energy metabolism and other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Qun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 440113 Guangzhou China
| | - Jiongkai Hao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Huanghua Agricultural and Rural Development Bureau Bohai New Area 061100 Hebei China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
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15
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Duan L, Wang Z, Fan S, Wang C, Zhang Y. Research progress of biomaterials and innovative technologies in urinary tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1258666. [PMID: 37645598 PMCID: PMC10461011 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1258666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial interests have been attracted to multiple bioactive and biomimetic biomaterials in recent decades because of their ability in presenting a structural and functional reconstruction of urinary tissues. Some innovative technologies have also been surging in urinary tissue engineering and urological regeneration by providing insights into the physiological behavior of the urinary system. As such, the hierarchical structure and tissue function of the bladder, urethra, and ureter can be reproduced similarly to the native urinary tissues. This review aims to summarize recent advances in functional biomaterials and biomimetic technologies toward urological reconstruction. Various nanofirous biomaterials derived from decellularized natural tissues, synthetic biopolymers, and hybrid scaffolds were developed with desired microstructure, surface chemistry, and mechanical properties. Some growth factors, drugs, as well as inorganic nanomaterials were also utilized to enhance the biological activity and functionality of scaffolds. Notably, it is emphasized that advanced approaches, such as 3D (bio) printing and organoids, have also been developed to facilitate structural and functional regeneration of the urological system. So in this review, we discussed the fabrication strategies, physiochemical properties, and biofunctional modification of regenerative biomaterials and their potential clinical application of fast-evolving technologies. In addition, future prospective and commercial products are further proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Duan
- The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Fan
- The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Li W, Xu X. Advances in mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related drugs in glioblastoma treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1211719. [PMID: 37456742 PMCID: PMC10347406 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1211719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). It is a leading cause of death among patients with intracranial malignant tumors. GBM exhibits intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity, leading to drug resistance and eventual tumor recurrence. Conventional treatments for GBM include maximum surgical resection of glioma tissue, temozolomide administration, and radiotherapy, but these methods do not effectively halt cancer progression. Therefore, development of novel methods for the treatment of GBM and identification of new therapeutic targets are urgently required. In recent years, studies have shown that drugs related to mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways can promote the death of glioblastoma cells by inducing mitochondrial damage, impairing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and depleting large amounts of ATP. Some studies have also shown that modern nano-drug delivery technology targeting mitochondria can achieve better drug release and deeper tissue penetration, suggesting that mitochondria could be a new target for intervention and therapy. The combination of drugs targeting mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy pathways with nanotechnology is a promising novel approach for treating GBM.This article reviews the current status of drug therapy for GBM, drugs targeting mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, the potential of mitochondria as a new target for GBM treatment, the latest developments pertaining to GBM treatment, and promising directions for future research.
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17
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Das A, Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity-associated asthma: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186060. [PMID: 37251328 PMCID: PMC10213975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fast growing as a global pandemic and is associated with numerous comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sleep disorders, nephropathy, neuropathy, as well as asthma. Studies stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, and encounter severe symptoms due to a number of pathophysiology. It is very vital to understand the copious relationship between obesity and asthma, however, a clear and pinpoint pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and asthma is scarce. There is a plethora of obesity-asthma etiologies reported viz., increased circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines like leptin, resistin, and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, activation of Notch signaling pathway, and dysregulated melanocortin pathway reported, however, there is a very limited number of reports that interrelates these pathophysiologies. Due to the underlying complex pathophysiologies exaggerated by obese conditions, obese asthmatics respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs. The poor response towards anti-asthmatic drugs may be due to the anti-asthmatics approach only that ignores the anti-obesity target. So, aiming only at the conventional anti-asthmatic targets in obese-asthmatics may prove to be futile until and unless treatment is directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis for a holistic approach towards amelioration of obesity-associated asthma. Herbal medicines for obesity as well as obesity-associated comorbidities are fast becoming safer and more effective alternatives to conventional drugs due to their multitargeted approach with fewer adverse effects. Although, herbal medicines are widely used for obesity-associated comorbidities, however, a limited number of herbal medicines have been scientifically validated and reported against obesity-associated asthma. Notable among them are quercetin, curcumin, geraniol, resveratrol, β-Caryophyllene, celastrol, tomatidine to name a few. In view of this, there is a dire need for a comprehensive review that may summarize the role of bioactive phytoconstituents from different sources like plants, marine as well as essential oils in terms of their therapeutic mechanisms. So, this review aims to critically discuss the therapeutic role of herbal medicine in the form of bioactive phytoconstituents against obesity-associated asthma available in the scientific literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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18
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Anjum H, Sofi G, Shahwan M, Khan MS, Shamsi A, Shamsi S. In vitro and In vivo study targeting the development of Unani Antidermatophytic Cream: Implication of Herbal Formulations in Treatment of Dermatophytosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16154. [PMID: 37234648 PMCID: PMC10205586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Panwad (Cassia tora L.), Sarshaf (Brassica nigra L.) and Kunjad (Sesamum indicum L.) have been used in the treatment of ringworm infection since ancient times and are documented in classical literature of Unani Medicine. These plant drugs give promising results when used topically in the form of paste (zimad). Hence, the development and evaluation of a cream containing extracts of Tukhm-e-Panwad (Cassia tora L.), Sarshaf (Brassica nigra L.), and Kunjad (Sesamum indicum L.) was carried out to get better efficacy of the drugs. A total of 16 batches (F1-F16) of cream were prepared by adding varying concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extract of the drugs (20%, 40% and 50%) in water removable bases, and three batches were selected as final batches (F4-20%, F6-40% and F16-50%). In vitro antidermatophytic activity was conducted to optimize MIC against dermatophytosis-causing fungi. Dermal irritation of the prepared cream was determined in New Zealand Albino Rabbits. In vivo testing of the different concentrations of the prepared cream (20%, 40%, and 50%) was also carried out using Wistar rats to assess the antidermatophytic activity. Final batches showed good results in all the tested parameters and significant in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity in a dose-dependent manner. No microbial growth was seen in the prepared formulation. The study revealed significant antidermatophytic activity of the prepared cream against dermatophytosis-causing fungi. Hence, it can be concluded that the prepared cream can be an alternative topical agent with safe and effective antifungal activity for treating dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Anjum
- Dept. of Ilmul Saidla (Unani Pharmacy), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Dept. of Ilmul Advia (Unani Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shariq Shamsi
- Dept. of Ilmul Saidla (Unani Pharmacy), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Zhang F, Wu R, Liu Y, Dai S, Xue X, Li Y, Gong X. Nephroprotective and nephrotoxic effects of Rhubarb and their molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114297. [PMID: 36716659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb, in the form of a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous studies have demonstrated that Rhubarb possesses a good nephroprotective effect, which primarily protects the kidneys from fibrosis, oxidation, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, studies have shown that the long-term inappropriate use of Rhubarb may cause damage to renal function. Therefore, how to correctly understand and scientifically evaluate the pharmacodynamics and toxicity of Rhubarb with regard to CKD is a scientific question that urgently needs to be answered. In this review, we explain and illustrate how Rhubarb exerts its nephroprotective effect against CKD. We also describe the mechanisms of action that may cause its nephrotoxicity. Valuable and practical clinical guidance is proposed with regard to methods for mitigating the nephrotoxicity of Rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Zhang M, Ding ZX, Huang W, Luo J, Ye S, Hu SL, Zhou P, Cai B. Chrysophanol exerts a protective effect against Aβ 25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease model through regulating the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1511-1527. [PMID: 36976486 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary pathogenic factors of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified as oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, and apoptosis. Chrysophanol (CHR) has a good neuroprotective effect on AD, however, the potential mechanism of CHR remains unclear. PURPOSE In this study, we focused on the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway to determine whether CHR regulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. METHODS D-galactose and Aβ25-35 combination were used to build an in vivo model of AD, and the Y-maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory function of rats. Morphological changes of neurons in the rat hippocampus were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. AD cell model was established by Aβ25-35 in PC12 cells. The DCFH-DA test identified reactive oxygen species (ROS). The apoptosis rate was determined using Hoechst33258 and flow cytometry. In addition, the levels of MDA, LDH, T-SOD, CAT, and GSH in serum, cell, and cell culture supernatant were detected by colorimetric method. The protein and mRNA expressions of the targets were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. Finally, molecular docking was used to further verify the in vivo and in vitro experimental results. RESULTS CHR could significantly improve learning and memory impairment, reduce hippocampal neuron damage, and reduce ROS production and apoptosis in AD rats. CHR could improve the survival rate, and reduce the oxidative stress and apoptosis in the AD cell model. Moreover, CHR significantly decreased the levels of MDA and LDH, and increased the activities of T-SOD, CAT, and GSH in the AD model. Mechanically, CHR significantly reduced the protein and mRNA expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18, and increase TRX. CONCLUSIONS CHR exerts neuroprotective effects on the Aβ25-35-induced AD model mainly by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and the mechanism may be related to ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xian Ding
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Ye
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Lin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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Antiulcer Activity of Anthraquinone-Flavonoid Complex of Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052347. [PMID: 36903594 PMCID: PMC10005188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of an ethanol extract from the roots of Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk of the Trans-Ili Alatau wild flora was studied in order to determine its antiulcer activity. The phytochemical composition of the anthraquinone-flavonoid complex from (AFC) R. tianschanicus revealed the presence of numerous polyphenolic compounds, the most abundant of which are anthraquinones (1.77%), flavonoids (6.95%), and tannins (13.39%). The use of column chromatography (CC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in conjunction with UV, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry data allowed the researchers to isolate and identify the major components of the anthraquinone-flavonoid complex's polyphenol fraction: physcion, chrysophanol, emodin, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and myricetin. The gastroprotective effect of the polyphenolic fraction of the anthraquinone-flavonoid complex (AFC) of R. tianschanicus roots was examined in an experimental model of rat gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin. The preventive and therapeutic effect of the anthraquinone-flavonoid complex at a dose of 100 mg/kg was analyzed using intragastric administration per day for 1 to 10 days, followed by a histological examination of stomach tissues. It has been demonstrated that prophylactic and prolonged use of the AFC R. tianschanicus in laboratory animals resulted in significantly less pronounced hemodynamic and desquamative changes in the epithelium of gastric tissues. The acquired results thus offer fresh insight into the anthraquinone and flavonoid metabolite component composition of R. tianschanicus roots, and they imply that the examined extract can be used to develop herbal medicines with antiulcer activity.
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Mund NK, Čellárová E. Recent advances in the identification of biosynthetic genes and gene clusters of the polyketide-derived pathways for anthraquinone biosynthesis and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108104. [PMID: 36716800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural anthraquinones are represented by a large group of compounds. Some of them are widespread across the kingdoms, especially in bacteria, fungi and plants, while the others are restricted to certain groups of organisms. Despite the significant pharmacological potential of several anthraquinones (hypericin, skyrin and emodin), their biosynthetic pathways and candidate genes coding for key enzymes have not been experimentally validated. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic regulation of the anthraquinone biosynthetic gene clusters in fungal endophytes would help not only understand their pathways in plants, which ensure their commercial availability, but also favor them as promising systems for prospective biotechnological production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Kumar Mund
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, Mánesova 23, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetics, Mánesova 23, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
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23
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Mao X, Li H, Zheng J. Effects of xenobiotics on CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation and bioactivation of estradiol. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:1-49. [PMID: 36823774 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2177671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous estradiol (E2) exerts diverse physiological and pharmacological activities, commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. However, prolonged and excessive exposure to E2 potentially increases estrogenic cancer risk. Reportedly, CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation of E2 is largely concerned with its balance between detoxification and carcinogenic pathways. Among the three key CYP1 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1), CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mainly catalyze the formation of nontoxic 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), while CYP1B1 specifically catalyzes the formation of genotoxic 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2). 4-OH-E2 can be further metabolized to electrophilic quinone intermediates accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering DNA damage. Since abnormal alterations in CYP1 activities can greatly affect the bioactivation process of E2, regulatory effects of xenobiotics on CYP1s are essential for E2-associated cancer development. To date, thousands of natural and synthetic compounds have been found to show potential inhibition and/or induction actions on the three CYP1 members. Generally, these chemicals share similar planar polycyclic skeletons, the structural motifs and substituent groups of which are important for their inhibitory/inductive efficiency and selectivity toward CYP1 enzymes. This review comprehensively summarizes these known inhibitors and/or inductors of E2-metabolizing CYP1s based on chemical categories and discusses their structure-activity relationships, which would contribute to better understanding of the correlation between xenobiotic-regulated CYP1 activities and estrogenic cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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24
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Chrysophanol-Induced Autophagy Disrupts Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 59:medicina59010042. [PMID: 36676666 PMCID: PMC9864245 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Natural products are necessary sources for drug discovery and have contributed to cancer chemotherapy over the past few decades. Furthermore, substances derived from plants have fewer side effects. Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone derivative that is isolated from rhubarb. Although the anticancer effect of chrysophanol on several cancer cells has been reported, studies on the antitumor effect of chrysophanol on oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of chrysophanol on OSCC cells (CAL-27 and Ca9-22) via apoptosis and autophagy, among the cell death pathways. Results: It was found that chrysophanol inhibited the growth and viability of CAL-27 and Ca9-22 and induced apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. It was also found that chrysophanol activates autophagy-related factors (ATG5, beclin-1, and P62/SQSTM1) and LC3B conversion. That is, chrysophanol activated both apoptosis and autophagy. Here, we focused on the roles of chrysophanol-induced apoptosis and the autophagy pathway. When the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and PI3K/Akt inhibitor were used to inhibit the autophagy induced by chrysophanol, it was confirmed that the rate of apoptosis significantly increased. Therefore, we confirmed that chrysophanol induces apoptosis and autophagy at the same time, and the induced autophagy plays a role in interfering with apoptosis processes. Conclusions: Therefore, the potential of chrysophanol as an excellent anticancer agent in OSCC was confirmed via this study. Furthermore, the combined treatment of drugs that can inhibit chrysophanol-induced autophagy is expected to have a tremendous synergistic effect in overcoming oral cancer.
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Zheng L, Li Z, Wang Z, Shen L, Liu J. The oxidative stress, mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, and the antagonistic effects of chrysophanol in SH-SY5Y cells via DTPP-induced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103062. [PMID: 35963528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the susceptibility of SH-SY5Y cells to DTPP-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the antagonistic effects of chrysophanol (Chr) on PDT. METHODS PDT photocytotoxicity to cells was quantified and determined by exposing increasing concentrations of DTPP between 2.5 to 20 μg/mL to radiation with energy densities of 1.2-9.6 J/cm2 at 630-nm wavelength. Sodium azide (SA, NaN3) and d-mannitol (DM) were employed to study the reaction type of PDT. The photodynamic stress after PDT was assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) assays. The apoptosis pathway of SH-SY5Y cells after PDT was studied by the determination of JC-1 and caspase-9/Caspase-3 concentrations. MTT and double fluorescence staining assays were applied to study the effect of Chr on cell survival and apoptosis rate in PDT, respectively. PI was used to detect the effect of Chr on cell membrane integrity after DTPP-PDT treatment. RESULTS The dose-dependent killing effect of high DTPP concentrations and irradiation doses were identified. Cell apoptosis is mediated by a mitochondrial pathway with a total apoptosis rate of 33.8% at 10 μg/mL of DTPP after irradiation with 2.4 J/cm2. Oxidative stress was produced by ROS in PDT and non-reversible cell oxidative damage appeared due to the cells' modulation of the oxidative stress balance during the PDT response. Chr had a- effect on ROS capture and an inhibitory effect on the PDT-induced destruction of cell membranes. CONCLUSIONS SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible to DTPP-PDT, resulting in a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. There is an antagonistic effect of Chr on PDT in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Lixia Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
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Ntemafack A, Singh RV, Ali S, Kuiate JR, Hassan QP. Antiviral potential of anthraquinones from Polygonaceae, Rubiaceae and Asphodelaceae: Potent candidates in the treatment of SARS-COVID-19, A comprehensive review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2022; 151:146-155. [PMID: 36193345 PMCID: PMC9519529 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2022.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are being used as an alternative source of health management to cure various human ailments. The healing role is attributed to the hidden dynamic groups of various phytoconstituents, most of which have been recorded from plants and their derivatives. Nowadays, medicinal plants have gained more attention due to their pharmacological and industrial potential. Aromatic compounds are one of the dynamic groups of secondary metabolites (SM) naturally present in plants; and anthraquinones of this group are found to be attractive due to their high bioactivity and low toxicity. They have been reported to exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, immune-suppressive, antioxidant, antipyretic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities. Anthraquinones have been also shown to exhibit potent antiviral effects against different species of viruses. Though, it has been reported that a medicinal plant with antiviral activity against one viral infection may be used to combat other types of viral infections. Therefore, in this review, we explored and highlighted the antiviral properties of anthraquinones of Polygonaceae, Rubiaceae and Asphodelaceae families. Anthraquinones from these plant families have been reported for their effects on human respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus. They are hence presumed to have antiviral potential against SARS-CoV as well. Thus, anthraquinones are potential candidates that need to be screened thoroughly and developed as drugs to combat COVID-19. The information documented in this review could therefore serve as a starting point in developing novel drugs that may help to curb the SARS-COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Ntemafack
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rahul Vikram Singh
- Department of Dietetic and Nutrition Technology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Sabeena Ali
- Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Qazi Parvaiz Hassan
- Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, India
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Yang W, Liu J, Zheng Y, Qu J, Tang X, Bai H, Liu C, Fan B. Study on chronic toxicity of rhubarb extract in Sprague-Dawley rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10907. [PMID: 36247124 PMCID: PMC9557872 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of rhubarb extract. Methods SD rats were treated with rhubarb extract at 0, 101, 405 and 1620 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks. food consumption and body weights were recorded. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum biochemical evaluation and urinalysis, and organ tissues were collected for histopathological examination. Results The rats of 1620 mg/kg group developed diarrhea symptoms with dark brown loose stool after exposure; decreased body weight and increased food consumption were observed in the 1620 mg/kg and 405 mg/kg groups; urine WBC and NIT was significantly increased in the male and female rats of 1620 mg/kg group, and the urine pH was decreased in male rats of 1620 mg/kg group; renal tubular pigmentation was observed in the 1620 mg/kg group. Conclusion The NOAEL of rhubarb extract on chronic toxicity (52 weeks) of Sprague-Dawley rats was 101 mg/kg in female and 94 mg/kg in male, and the LOAEL was 408 mg/kg in female and 381 mg/kg in male. The target organ of toxicity was the kidney, and the target cells was tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Center for Food Evaluation, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 10070, China
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Tang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hong Bai
- Center for Food Evaluation, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 10070, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bolin Fan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
- Corresponding author.
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Wang Y, Yu F, Li A, He Z, Qu C, He C, Ma X, Zhan H. The progress and prospect of natural components in rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919967. [PMID: 36105187 PMCID: PMC9465315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal fibrosis is a key pathological change that occurs in the progression of almost all chronic kidney diseases . CKD has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is increasing each year on a global scale, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Natural products have been used for new drug development and disease treatment for many years. The abundant natural products in R. ribes L. can intervene in the process of renal fibrosis in different ways and have considerable therapeutic prospects. Purpose: The etiology and pathology of renal fibrosis were analyzed, and the different ways in which the natural components of R. ribes L. can intervene and provide curative effects on the process of renal fibrosis were summarized. Methods: Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Life Science, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, were searched using the keywords ‘R. ribes L.’, ‘kidney fibrosis’, ‘emodin’ and ‘rhein’, and the various ways in which the natural ingredients protect against renal fibrosis were collected and sorted out. Results: We analyzed several factors that play a leading role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, such as the mechanism of the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Additionally, we reviewed the progress of the treatment of renal fibrosis with natural components in R. ribes L. and the intervention mechanism of the crucial therapeutic targets. Conclusion: The natural components of R. ribes L. have a wide range of intervention effects on renal fibrosis targets, which provides new ideas for the development of new anti-kidney fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Li
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijia He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiying He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
| | - Huakui Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Sichuan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
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Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales). Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090588. [PMID: 36136526 PMCID: PMC9503419 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pyrenophora includes two important cereal crop foliar pathogens and a large number of less well-known species, many of which are also grass pathogens. Only a few of these have been examined in terms of secondary metabolite production, yet even these few species have yielded a remarkable array of bioactive metabolites that include compounds produced through each of the major biosynthetic pathways. There is little overlap among species in the compounds identified. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis produces protein toxin effectors that mediate host-specific responses as well as spirocyclic lactams and at least one anthraquinone. Pyrenophora teres produces marasmine amino acid and isoquinoline derivatives involved in pathogenesis on barley as well as nonenolides with antifungal activity, while P. semeniperda produces cytochalasans and sesquiterpenoids implicated in pathogenesis on seeds as well as spirocyclic lactams with phytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Less well-known species have produced some unusual macrocyclic compounds in addition to a diverse array of anthraquinones. For the three best-studied species, in silico genome mining has predicted the existence of biosynthetic pathways for a much larger array of potentially toxic secondary metabolites than has yet been produced in culture. Most compounds identified to date have potentially useful biological activity.
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Zhao X, Qiao D, Guan D, Wang K, Cui Y. Chrysophanol Ameliorates Hemin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating MicroRNA-320-5p/Wnt3a Pathway in HT22 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9399658. [PMID: 35936221 PMCID: PMC9355772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9399658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and neuronal cell apoptosis have been considered as the main pathogenesis factors of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Chrysophanol (CHR) has been proved to have neuroprotective effects, but the role and underlying mechanisms of CHR in ICH remain unclear. HT22 cells were dealt with hemin to mimic an in vitro ICH model and then subjected to treatment with or without CHR. The cell viability, apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress were evaluated by conducting the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining assays, western blot, and corresponding kit, respectively. Further, microRNA-sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, dual-luciferase reporter method, and rescue experiments were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of CHR alleviating hemin-induced ER in HT22 cell. Our data revealed that CHR increased cells viability, antiapoptosis, anti-ER stress, and antioxidative stress under conditions of hemin-induced HT22 cell injury. Mechanically, it was observed that Wnt3a was competitively sponged by miR-320-5p, and CHR activated β-catenin pathway by regulating miR-320-5p/Wnt3a molecular axis. Finally, results from the rescue experiment suggested that CHR inhibited hemin-induced cells apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress through regulating the miR-320-5p/Wnt3a axis in HT22 cells. In conclusion, CHR prevented hemin-induced apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress via inhibiting the miR-320-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in HT22 cells. Our results certified that CHR could be served as a promising treatment for brain damage following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongge Qiao
- Nursing Department, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongsheng Guan
- Department of Encephalopathy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinglin Cui
- Department of Encephalopathy, Henan Province Hospital of TCM (The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Quality Grade Evaluation of Niuhuang Qingwei Pills Based on UPLC and TCM Reference Drug—A Novel Principle of Analysis of Multiple Components in Ready-Made Chinese Herbal Medicine. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ready-made Chinese herbal medicine (RMCHM) is one of the most common types of synergistic herbal medicine used worldwide. It is based on composite herbal formulae (CHF), which makes quality control of this kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) difficult, let alone distinguishing the good from the bad. Taking Niuhuang Qingwei Pills (NHQWP) as an example, this study reported the development of a novel principle of analysis of multiple components in RMCHM. Experimental procedures involved the selection of high-quality Chinese materia medica (CMM, individual medicinal plant parts used in the NHQWP) to prepare three batches of TCM reference drugs (TCMRD). Pure compounds of the active ingredients identified in the herbal formula including berberine hydrochloride, geniposide, forsythiaside A, 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid, hesperidin, baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and chrysophanol in the three TCMRDs were analyzed as well as those in 49 batches of commercial products from 18 manufacturers by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method combined with wavelength switching. Using the TCMRD as the scientific ruler, quality grade specifications of NHQWP were proposed by comprehensive analysis of multiple components. Accordingly, 13, 28, and 8 batches of samples were primarily rated as first-grade, second-grade, and unqualified, respectively.
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhu X. Chrysophanol exerts a protective effect against sepsis-induced acute myocardial injury through modulating the microRNA-27b-3p/Peroxisomal proliferating-activated receptor gamma axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12673-12690. [PMID: 35599576 PMCID: PMC9275920 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading contributor to the death of inpatients, results in severe organ dysfunction as complications. The heart is one of the major organs attacked by sepsis, and the effective control of the inflammatory cascade reaction in sepsis is of great significance in alleviating sepsis-associated acute myocardial injury (S-AMI). Chrysophanol, a natural anthraquinone, has been discovered to carry anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this paper is to probe the impact of Chrysophanol on S-AMI. An S-AMI model was engineered in rats via CLP. Pathological alterations in the myocardial tissues of rats were monitored. qRT-PCR, ELISA, and western blot measured the profiles of miR-27b-3p, Peroxisomal proliferating-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), and inflammatory response proteins (NF-κB-p65, MAPK-p38, JNK1/2). Besides, miR-27b-3p mimics were transfected into cardiomyocytes, and the proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were examined through MTT and flow cytometry. As evidenced by the experimental outcomes, chrysophanol suppressed sepsis-mediated acute myocardial injury and LPS-mediated apoptosis in myocardial cells and lessened the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory response proteins. Moreover, chrysophanol cramped miR-27b-3p expression and heightened PPARG expression. miR-27b-3p targeted PPARG and restrained its expression. On the other hand, the PPARG agonist (RGZ) partially eliminated the apoptosis and pro-inflammatory responses of myocardial cells elicited by LPS. Therefore, this study revealed that Chrysophanol guarded against sepsis-mediated acute myocardial injury through dampening inflammation and apoptosis via the miR-27b-3p-PPARG axis, adding to the references for treating sepsis-AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Dry Treatment Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Xishan, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Xichang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Dry Treatment Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Xichang, China
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1,4,6-trihydroxy-8-alkylated-9,10-anthraquinones with antibacterial activities from soil-derived Streptomyces sp. WS-13394. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:375-379. [PMID: 35595884 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two new 1,4,6-trihydroxy-8-alkylated-9,10-anthraquinones (1-2) were isolated from the culture broth of the soil actinomycete Streptomyces sp. WS-13394. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Compounds 1 and 2, together with eight analogs (3-10), were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against five pathogens. The tested derivatives of alkylated anthraquinone exhibited selective activities to Gram-positive bacteria, while compounds 1 and 5 showed obvious activities against two zoonotic pathogens, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Streptococcus suis, with MIC values ranging from 3.13 to 12.5 µg ml-1.
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Kharnaior P, Tamang JP. Metagenomic-Metabolomic Mining of Kinema, a Naturally Fermented Soybean Food of the Eastern Himalayas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868383. [PMID: 35572705 PMCID: PMC9106393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinema is a popular sticky fermented soybean food of the Eastern Himalayan regions of North East India, east Nepal, and south Bhutan. We hypothesized that some dominant bacteria in kinema may contribute to the formation of targeted and non-targeted metabolites for health benefits; hence, we studied the microbiome-metabolite mining of kinema. A total of 1,394,094,912 bp with an average of 464,698,304 ± 120,720,392 bp was generated from kinema metagenome, which resulted in the identification of 47 phyla, 331 families, 709 genera, and 1,560 species. Bacteria (97.78%) were the most abundant domain with the remaining domains of viruses, eukaryote, and archaea. Firmicutes (93.36%) was the most abundant phylum with 280 species of Bacillus, among which Bacillus subtilis was the most dominant species in kinema followed by B. glycinifermentans, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. thermoamylovorans, B. coagulans, B. circulans, B. paralicheniformis, and Brevibacillus borstelensis. Predictive metabolic pathways revealed the abundance of genes associated with metabolism (60.66%), resulting in 216 sub-pathways. A total of 361 metabolites were identified by metabolomic analysis (liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, LC-MS). The presence of metabolites, such as chrysin, swainsonine, and 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (anticancer activity) and benzimidazole (antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-HIV activities), and compounds with immunomodulatory effects in kinema supports its therapeutic potential. The correlation between the abundant species of Bacillus and primary and secondary metabolites was constructed with a bivariate result. This study proves that Bacillus spp. contribute to the formation of many targeted and untargeted metabolites in kinema for health-promoting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
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Hsu PC, Hsu CC, Hsia YJ, Kuo CY. Chrysophanol Suppresses Cell Growth via mTOR/PPAR-α Regulation and ROS Accumulation in Cultured Human Tongue Squamous Carcinoma SAS Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1528-1538. [PMID: 35723362 PMCID: PMC9164035 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, a type of head and neck cancer, can pose a significant risk of death unless diagnosed and treated early. Alternative treatments are urgently needed owing to the high mortality rate, limitations of conventional treatments, and many complications. The anthraquinone compound chrysophanol acts as a tumor suppressor on some types of cancer cells. To date, it has not been clarified how chrysophanol affects human tongue squamous carcinoma. This study was aimed to examine the effects of chrysophanol on oral cancer treatment. The results show that chrysophanol caused cell death, reduced the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We also used two ion chelators, deferoxamine (DFO) and liproxstatin-1 (Lipro), to further determine whether chrysophanol inhibits cell growth and regulates mTOR/PPAR-α expression and ROS production, both of which are involved in iron homeostasis. The results show that DFO and Lipro reversed the increase in cell death, downregulation of mTOR/PPAR-α, and decrease in ROS accumulation. In conclusion, chrysophanol inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by modulating mTOR/PPAR-α and by causing ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jan Hsia
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +886-2-6628-9009
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Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:249-266. [PMID: 35079960 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
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Balkrishna A, Verma S, Sakat S, Joshi K, Solleti SK, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling of Polyherbal Divya-Kayakalp-Vati and Divya-Kayakalp-Oil and Their Combined Efficacy in Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation Through Regulation of Cytokines. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:293-312. [PMID: 35237058 PMCID: PMC8882669 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s342227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that varies in signs and symptoms in different individuals. General symptoms include dryness of the skin, itching, and development of red to brownish-gray patches. Divya-Kayakalp-Vati (DKV) and -Oil (DKO) are Indian polyherbal compositions prescribed for treating inflammatory skin diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV and DKO co-treatment (DKV-O) in ameliorating Oxazolone (OXA)-stimulated AD-like inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a Swiss albino mouse model. METHODS Phytochemical profiling of the DKV and DKO were done using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) QToF. Swiss albino mice were sensitized for 7 days and treated with OXA in their ear region. Stimulated and control animals were orally treated with DKV and topically with DKO. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV-O was determined in OXA-treated animals through physiological, histopathological, and biochemical parameter analysis. RESULTS DKV and DKO formulations individually contained 39 and 59 phytochemicals, respectively. Many of the phytochemicals have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. In the OXA-sensitized Swiss albino mice, combined treatment with DKV-O, and separately with Dexamethasone (positive control) significantly reduced the OXA-stimulated ear edema, biopsy weight, and epidermal thickness. DKV-O further reduced OXA-stimulated induction of inflammatory lesions, neutrophil influx, and release of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSION Finally, DKV-O co-treatment showed good pharmacological effects in ameliorating AD-like inflammation through the modulation of inflammatory cell influx and release of soluble mediators. Therefore, DKV-O treatment can be used as a suitable polyherbal therapeutic against AD-like inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali YogPeeth, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sachin Sakat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kheemraj Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva K Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali YogPeeth, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
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Hangsamai N, Photai K, Mahaamnart T, Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Senawong T, Pitchuanchom S, Nontakitticharoen M. Four New Anthraquinones with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Activity from Ventilago denticulata Roots. Molecules 2022; 27:1088. [PMID: 35164356 PMCID: PMC8839831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of the crude extracts from the roots of Ventilago denticulata led to the isolation of four new anthraquinones, ventilanones L-O (1-4), together with eight known anthraquinones (5-12). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), as well as comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. HDACs inhibitory activity evaluation resulted that compound 2 exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against HeLa and A549 cell lines but nontoxic to normal cell. Molecular docking indicated the phenolic functionality of 2 plays crucial interactions with class II HDAC4 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattika Hangsamai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.H.); (K.P.); (T.M.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kanokwan Photai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.H.); (K.P.); (T.M.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Thidathep Mahaamnart
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.H.); (K.P.); (T.M.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.H.); (K.P.); (T.M.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.H.); (K.P.); (T.M.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Thanaset Senawong
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Siripit Pitchuanchom
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Mongkol Nontakitticharoen
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (N.H.); (K.P.); (T.M.); (S.K.); (K.K.)
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Jadaun KS, Mehan S, Sharma A, Siddiqui EM, Kumar S, Alsuhaymi N. Neuroprotective Effect of Chrysophanol as a PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Inhibitor in an Experimental Model of Autologous Blood-induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Med Sci 2022:10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7. [PMID: 35099677 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) refers to predominant, sporadic, and non-traumatic bleeding in the brain parenchyma. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway regulated by enzyme-linked receptors and has many biological functions in mammals. It plays a key role in neuronal metabolism, gene expression regulation, and tissue homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain. METHODS In the present study, the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor chrysophanol (CPH) (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, orally) in the improvement of ICH-associated neurological defects in rats was investigated. Autologous blood (20 µL/5 min/unilateral/intracerebroventricular) mimics ICH-like defects involving cellular and molecular dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. The current study also included various behavioral assessments to examine cognition, memory, and motor and neuromuscular coordination. The protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR as well as myelin basic protein and apoptotic markers, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were examined using ELISA kits. Furthermore, the levels of various neuroinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Additionally, the neurological severity score, brain water content, gross brain pathology, and hematoma size were used to indicate neurological function and brain edema. RESULTS CPH was found to be neuroprotective by restoring neurobehavioral alterations and significantly reducing the elevated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR protein levels, and modulating the apoptotic markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in rat brain homogenate. CPH substantially reduced the inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CPH administration restored the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, and various oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION Our results show that CPH may be a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming neuronal damage caused by the overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ICH-induced neurological dysfunctions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh Jadaun
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Ehraz Mehmood Siddiqui
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Naif Alsuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences - AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
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Trichoderma and Its Products From Laboratory to Patient Bedside in Medical Science: An Emerging Aspect. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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A systematic comparison of the effect of topically applied anthraquinone aglycones to relieve psoriasiform lesion: The evaluation of percutaneous absorption and anti-inflammatory potency. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112482. [PMID: 34915669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthraquinones derived from rhubarb are reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to assess the topical application of rhubarb anthraquinone aglycones for psoriasis treatment. The antipsoriatic effect of five anthraquinones, including aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, physcion, and chrysophanol, was compared to elucidate a structure-permeation relationship. Molecular modeling was employed to determine the physicochemical properties. Both macrophages (differentiated THP-1) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) were used to examine the anti-inflammatory activity in the cell-based study. The in vitro pig skin absorption showed that chrysophanol was the compound with the highest cutaneous accumulation. Topically applied rhein was detected to be largely delivered to the receptor compartment. The absorption of rhein was increased by 5-fold in the barrier-deficient skin as compared to intact skin. By stimulating macrophages with imiquimod (IMQ) to model the inflammation in psoriasis, it was found that the anthraquinones significantly reduced IL-6, IL-23, and TNF. The cytokine inhibition level was comparable for the five compounds. The anthraquinones suppressed cytokines by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling. The anthraquinones also downregulated IL-6, IL-8, and IL-24 in the inflammatory keratinocytes stimulated with TNF. Rhein and chrysophanol were comparable to curtail the STAT3 phosphorylation in keratinocytes induced by the conditioned medium of stimulated macrophages. The IMQ-induced psoriasiform mouse model demonstrated the improvement of scaling, erythema, and epidermal hyperplasia by topically applied rhein or chrysophanol. The epidermal acanthosis evoked by IMQ was reduced with rhein and chrysophanol by 3-fold. The histological profiles exhibit that both anthraquinone compounds diminished the number of macrophages and neutrophils in the lesional skin, skin-draining lymph node, and spleen. Rhein and chrysophanol showed multifunctional inhibition, by regulating several targets for alleviating psoriasiform inflammation.
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Ma C, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Potential Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:846-861. [PMID: 34923950 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666211217120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic stress-induced liver injury closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility, and there is no specific drug for its clinical treatment currently. In recent years, a large amount of literature has reported that many natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve NAFLD through various mechanisms. According to the latest reports, some emerging natural compounds have shown great potential to improve NAFLD but are seldom used clinically due to the lacking special research. PURPOSE This paper aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD, thus providing a direction and basis for further research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the development of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. METHODS By searching various online databases, such as Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, and CNKI, NAFLD and these natural compounds were used as the keywords for detailed literature retrieval. RESULTS The pathogenesis of NAFLD and the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD have been reviewed. CONCLUSION Many natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine have a good prospect in the treatment of NAFLD, which can serve as a direction for the development of anti-NAFLD drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Qiu X, Zhu L, Wang H, Tan Y, Yang Z, Yang L, Wan L. From natural products to HDAC inhibitors: An overview of drug discovery and design strategy. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116510. [PMID: 34826681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in the homeostasis of protein acetylation in histones and have recently emerged as a therapeutic target for numerous diseases. The inhibition of HDACs may block angiogenesis, arrest cell growth, and lead to differentiation and apoptosis in tumour cells. Thus, HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have received increasing attention and many of which are developed from natural sources. In the past few decades, naturally occurring HDACi have been identified to have potent anticancer activities, some of which have demonstrated promising therapeutic effects on haematological malignancies. In this review, we summarized the discovery and modification of HDAC inhibitors from natural sources, novel drug design that uses natural products as parent nuclei, and dual target design strategies that combine HDAC with non-HDAC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Nephroprotective Role of Chrysophanol in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Renal Cell Damage via Apoptosis, ER Stress, and Ferroptosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091283. [PMID: 34572468 PMCID: PMC8467645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), which is a kidney injury produced by a variety of causes, resulting in the remaining portion of the kidney function being unable to maintain the balance for performing the tasks of waste excretion metabolism, and electrolyte and acid-base balance. Many studies have reported the use of Chinese medicine to slow down the progression and alleviate the complications of chronic renal failure. Chrysophanol is a component of Rheum officinale Baill, a traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used to treat renal disease. We aimed to study the nephroprotective effect of chrysophanol on hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell damage. The results showed that chrysophanol prevented H/R-induced apoptosis via downregulation of cleaved Caspase-3, p-JNK, and Bax but upregulation of Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, chrysophanol attenuated H/R-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the downregulation of CHOP and p-IRE1α expression. Our data demonstrated that chrysophanol alleviated H/R-induced lipid ROS accumulation and ferroptosis. Therefore, we propose that chrysophanol may have a protective effect against AKI by regulating apoptosis, ER stress, and ferroptosis.
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Herbal Active Ingredients: Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5543185. [PMID: 34258266 PMCID: PMC8245226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Glucocorticoids, aspirin, and other anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat ALI. Respiratory supports, such as a ventilator, are used to alleviate hypoxemia. Many treatment methods are available, but they cannot significantly ameliorate the quality of life of patients with ALI and reduce mortality rates. Herbal active ingredients, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and quinonoids, exhibit advantages for ALI prevention and treatment, but the underlying mechanism needs further study. This paper summarizes the role of herbal active ingredients in anti-ALI therapy and progresses in the understanding of their mechanisms. The work also provides some references and insights for the discovery and development of novel drugs for ALI prevention and treatment.
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Kengne IC, Feugap LDT, Njouendou AJ, Ngnokam CDJ, Djamalladine MD, Ngnokam D, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L, Tamokou JDD. Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of whole plant chemical constituents of Rumex abyssinicus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:164. [PMID: 34090405 PMCID: PMC8180025 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance has contributed to the burden of infectious diseases both in the hospital and community setting, and represents a great threat to public health. Previous studies have revealed the role of reactive oxygen species as intermediate mediators of tissue damage, following antibiotherapies, indicating the need of associating antioxidants to these treatments. Therefore, the present work was designed to study the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of extracts and compounds from Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. (Polygonaceae), as well as to investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of action of the most effective agents. Methods The plant extracts were prepared by maceration in organic solvents followed by column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction and purification of different fractions which led to the isolation and characterization of pure compounds. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts/compounds and their combinations with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole were evaluated using the broth microdilution method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The effects of the extracts on the bacterial cell membrane and microbial respiratory chain dehydrogenase enzyme activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and gallic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (GAEAC) assays. Results Chrysophanol (1), physcion (2), Ergosta-6,22-diene-3,5,8-triol (3), emodin (4), 6-hydroxyemodin (citreorosein) (5), chrysophanein (6) and physcionin (7) were isolated from EtOAc fraction of R. abyssinicus and displayed different degrees of antimicrobial activities (MIC = 8–256 μg/mL). The MeOH extract and compounds 2 and 4 exhibited synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Compounds 1, 2 and the combined mixture of 6 + 7 displayed the highest antioxidant activity (GAEAC = 83.38–106.03 μg/mL). Conclusion R. abyssinicus is a potential source of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant agents. The antibacterial mechanisms of action of the MeOH extract and compound 2 are due to disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane and inhibition of the microbial respiratory chain dehydrogenase enzyme activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of test samples and ciprofloxacin / fluconazole association against MDR strains. The observed activity of the isolated compounds against bacteria and fungi including MDR strains deserves further exploration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03325-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chinda Kengne
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Léonel Donald Tsamo Feugap
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Abdel Jélil Njouendou
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 12, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Claudia Darille Jouogo Ngnokam
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mahamat Djamalladine Djamalladine
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - David Ngnokam
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Laurence Voutquenne-Nazabadioko
- Groupe Isolement et Structure, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, Bat. 18 B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Hsu PC, Chen YH, Cheng CF, Kuo CY, Sytwu HK. Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Regulate STAT3 Activation Migration/Invasion and EMT in Chrysophanol-Treated Oral Cancer Cell Lines. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050423. [PMID: 34063134 PMCID: PMC8148210 DOI: 10.3390/life11050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in the control of metastasis. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is strongly associated with tumor metastasis, and consists of several protein markers, including E-cadherin and vimentin. We discovered that chrysophanol causes oral cancer cell apoptosis and the inhibition of migration/invasion and EMT. However, the detailed mechanisms of chrysophanol and its role in oral cancer with respect to the tumor microenvironment remain unknown. In the clinic, proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, exhibit a higher expression in patients with oral cancer. However, the effect of chrysophanol on the production of IL-6 and IL-8 is unknown. We evaluated the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human SAS and FaDu oral cancer cell lines in the presence or absence of chrysophanol. The migration and invasion abilities were also determined using a Boyden chamber assay. Our results showed that treatment with chrysophanol significantly decreased the expression of IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the invasion ability of oral cancer cells. Moreover, chrysophanol also attenuated the EMT by increasing the expression of E-cadherin and reducing the expression of vimentin. Mechanistically, chrysophanol inhibited IL-6- and IL-8-induced invasion and STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-6 and IL-8 promote EMT and cell invasion, which is potentially related to the STAT3 signaling pathway in oral cancer. These findings provide insight into new aspects of chrysophanol activity and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Hsu
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.K.); (H.-K.S.)
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.K.); (H.-K.S.)
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Singh J, Hussain Y, Luqman S, Meena A. Purpurin: A natural anthraquinone with multifaceted pharmacological activities. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2418-2428. [PMID: 33254282 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpurin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone isolated from the roots of Rubia cordifolia. Historically, it has been used as a red dye. However, its photosensitizing property and biological effects have deciphered its novel application. Purpurin shows antigenotoxic, anticancer, neuromodulatory, and antimicrobial potential associated with antioxidant action in in vivo and in vitro experiments. A robust antioxidant nature of purpurin is responsible for the majority of its pharmacological effects. It produces anti-inflammatory activity by reducing oxidative stress, which is a fundamental property to target diseases involving endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and produce neuroprotective effects, including antidepressant and anti-Alzheimer action. It shows antimutagenic property via inhibiting essential CYP-450 enzymes. Interestingly, it gets photosensitized by UV-light and produces target-specific ROS-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, it owns cell killing and cell survival potential subject to the influence of external conditions. Hitherto, limited research studies are performed with purpurin to understand its therapeutic potential. Hence, this review describes and discusses different in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies performed using purpurin. It also covers physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology aspects of purpurin. Moreover, in the end, the prospect of purpurin in the management of cancer has also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yusuf Hussain
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chemical Constituents of Cassia abbreviata and Their Anti-HIV-1 Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092455. [PMID: 33922460 PMCID: PMC8122790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new (1–3) and 25 known compounds were isolated from the crude extract of Cassia abbreviata. The chemical structures of new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Cassiabrevone (1) is the first heterodimer of guibourtinidol and planchol A. Compound 2 was a new chalcane, while 3 was a new naphthalene. Cassiabrevone (1), guibourtinidol-(4α→8)-epiafzelechin (4), taxifolin (8), oleanolic acid (17), piceatannol (22), and palmitic acid (28), exhibited potent anti-HIV-1 activity with IC50 values of 11.89 µM, 15.39 µM, 49.04 µM, 7.95 µM, 3.58 µM, and 15.97 µM, respectively.
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Abstract
Colorants find social and commercial applications in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and other industrial sectors. Among the available options, chemically synthesized colorants are popular due to their low-cost and flexible production modes, but health and environmental concerns have encouraged the valorization of biopigments that are natural and ecofriendly. Among natural biopigment producers, microorganisms are noteworthy for their all-seasonal production of stable and low-cost pigments with high-yield titers. Fungi are paramount sources of natural pigments. They occupy diverse ecological niches with adaptive metabolisms and biocatalytic pathways, making them entities with an industrial interest. Industrially important biopigments like carotenoids, melanins, riboflavins, azaphilones, and quinones produced by filamentous fungi are described within the context of this review. Most recent information about fungal pigment characteristics, biochemical production routes and pathways, potential applications, limitations, and future research perspectives are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Meruvu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering - AU North Campus, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo (USP), Estrada Municipal do Campinho, Lorena/SP, Brazil
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