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Zhao Y, Ye F, Fu Y. Herbicide Safeners: From Molecular Structure Design to Safener Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2451-2466. [PMID: 38276871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Herbicide safeners, highly effective antidotes, find widespread application in fields for alleviating the phytotoxicity of herbicides to crops. Designing new herbicide safeners remains a notable issue in pesticide research. This review focuses on discussing and summarizing the structure-activity relationships, molecular structures, physicochemical properties, and molecular docking of herbicide safeners in order to explore how different structures affect the safener activities of target compounds. It also provides insights into the application prospects of computer-aided drug design for designing and synthesizing new safeners in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Ye BW, Zhao LX, Wang ZW, Shi J, Leng XY, Gao S, Fu Y, Ye F. Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity of Novel Ester-Substituted Cyclohexenone Derivatives as Safeners. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37017396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tembotrione, a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor, has been widely used in many types of plants. Tembotrione has been reported for its likelihood of causing injury and plant death to certain corn hybrids. Safeners are co-applied with herbicides to protect certain crops without compromising weed control efficacy. Alternatively, herbicide safeners may effectively improve herbicide selectivity. To address tembotrione-induced Zea mays injury, a series of novel ester-substituted cyclohexenone derivatives were designed using the fragment splicing method. In total, 35 title compounds were synthesized via acylation reactions. All the compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The configuration of compound II-15 was confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The bioactivity assay proved that tembotrione phytotoxicity to maize could be reduced by most title compounds. In particular, compound II-14 exhibited the highest activity against tembotrione. The molecular structure comparisons as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity predictions demonstrated that compound II-14 exhibited pharmacokinetic properties similar to those of the commercial safener isoxadifen-ethyl. The molecular docking model indicated that compound II-14 could prevent tembotrione from reaching or acting with Z. mays HPPD (PDB: 1SP8). Molecular dynamics simulations showed that compound II-14 maintained satisfactory stability with Z. mays HPPD. This research revealed that ester-substituted cyclohexenone derivatives can be developed as potential candidates for discovering novel herbicide safeners in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zi-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xin-Yu Leng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Jia L, Jin XY, Zhao LX, Fu Y, Ye F. Research Progress in the Design and Synthesis of Herbicide Safeners: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5499-5515. [PMID: 35473317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Detoxification plays an important role in herbicide action. Herbicide safeners selectively protect crops from herbicide injury without reducing the herbicidal efficiency against the target weeds. With the large-scale use of herbicides, herbicide safeners have been widely used in sorghum, wheat, rice, corn, and other crops. In recent years, an increasing number of unexpected new herbicide safeners have been designed. The varieties, structural characteristics, uses, and synthetic routes of commercial herbicide safeners are reviewed in this paper. The design ideas and structural characteristics of novel herbicide safeners are summarized, which provide a basis for the design of bioactive molecules as new herbicide safeners in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Jin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
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Deng X, Zheng W, Jin C, Zhan Q, Bai L. Novel phenylpyrimidine derivatives containing a hydrazone moiety protect rice seedlings from injury by metolachlor. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104645. [PMID: 33493931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
One strategy for solving the phytotoxicity of herbicides is to apply herbicide safeners that can efficiently alleviate the injuries of agricultural crops caused by herbicides. When metolachlor, a chloroacetamide herbicide, is applied with paddy rice, for example, the mechanisms associated with metolachlor and its residue negatively impact on the growth and yields of rice. To identify novel high-activity herbicide safener candidates for metolachlor, a series of (E)-4-(2-substituted hydrazinyl)-6-chloro-2-phenyl pyrimidines were synthesized and their structures were confirmed using IR (infrared radiation), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry). The herbicide safener activities were then evaluated via primary tests. Compounds 3i and 3t were found to have the best herbicide activity on plant height. These compounds were then further screened for their activities at lower concentrations and showed better or similar activities compared to the positive control fenclorim, a commercial herbicide safener. The compounds 3i and 3t significantly enhanced glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity related with the herbicide safener activity in both shoots and roots tissues. Moreover, a qPCR (Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) analysis found that the 3i and 3t treatments enhanced the expressions of OsGSTU3, OsGsTU39, and OsGSTF5. Finally, the results of an acute toxicity assessment with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using treatments 3i and 3t indicated they are relatively safe to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xile Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wenna Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Can Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qingcai Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Deng X, Zheng W, Jin C, Bai L. Synthesis of Novel 6-Aryloxy-4-chloro-2-phenylpyrimidines as Fungicides and Herbicide Safeners. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23996-24004. [PMID: 32984721 PMCID: PMC7513367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fenclorim is a commercial herbicide safener with fungicidal activity used for chloroacetanilide herbicides, which might be suitable as a lead compound for screening novel fungicides. However, little has been reported so far on the structure-activity relationship of fungicidal activities of fenclorim or its analogues. Here, a series of 4-chloro-6-substituted phenoxy-2-phenylpyrimidine derivatives was synthesized by a substructure splicing route using fenclorim as a lead compound. The structures of synthesized derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Their fungicidal and herbicide safening activities were then evaluated. The results revealed that compound 11 had the best fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Thanatephorus cucumeris, which was better than that of the control pyrimethanil. Moreover, compounds 3, 5, and 25 exhibited excellent safening activities against fresh weight, plant height, and root length, respectively. Such activities were significantly improved when compared to fenclorim. In summary, these findings look promising for the preparation of new fungicides and herbicide safeners based on the structure of fenclorim.
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Zhang YY, Gao S, Liu YX, Wang C, Jiang W, Zhao LX, Fu Y, Ye F. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Diazabicyclo Derivatives as Safeners. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3403-3414. [PMID: 32101688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide safeners selectively protect crops from herbicide damage without reducing the herbicidal efficiency on target weed species. The title compounds were designed by the intermediate derivatization approach and fragment splicing to exploit novel potential safeners. A total of 31 novel diazabicyclo derivatives were synthesized by the microwave-assistant method using isoxazole-4-carbonyl chloride and diazabicyclo derivatives. All synthetic compounds were confirmed by infrared, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The bioassay results demonstrated that most of the title compounds could reduce the nicosulfuron phytotoxicity on maize. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in vivo was assayed, and compound 4(S15) revealed an inspiring safener activity comparable to commercialized safeners isoxadifen-ethyl and BAS-145138. The molecular docking model exhibited that the competition at the active sites of target enzymes between compound 4(S15) and nicosulfuron was investigated with respect to herbicide detoxification. The current work not only provided a powerful supplement to the intermediate derivatization approach and fragment splicing in design pesticide bioactive molecules but also assisted safener development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xuan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
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Ye F, Zhai Y, Guo KL, Liu YX, Li N, Gao S, Zhao LX, Fu Y. Safeners Improve Maize Tolerance under Herbicide Toxicity Stress by Increasing the Activity of Enzymes in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11568-11576. [PMID: 31584809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tribenuron-methyl (TM), as one of the sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides, has been widely and effectively applied for many kinds of plants. SUs inhibit plant growth by restraining the biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catalyzed by acetolactate synthase (ALS). Safeners are agrochemicals that protect crops from herbicide injuries. To improve the crop tolerance under TM toxicity stress, this paper evaluated the protective effect of N-tosyloxazolidine-3-carboxamide. It turned out that most of the tested compounds showed significant protection against TM via enhancing the glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. Among all of the tested compounds, compound 16 exhibited more excellent protection than the contrast safener R-28725 and other target compounds. A positive correlation between the growth level, endogenous GSH content, and GST activity was observed in this research. The GST kinetic parameter Vmax of the maize was increased by 29.6% after treatment with compound 16, while Km was decreased by 51.9% compared to the untreated control. The molecular docking model indicated that compound 16 could compete with TM in the active site of ALS, which could interpret the protective effects of safeners. The present work demonstrated that N-tosyloxazolidine-3-carboxamide derivatives could be considered as potential candidates for developing new safeners in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Liang Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xuan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science , Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150030 , People's Republic of China
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