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Moeckli B, Delaune V, Gilbert B, Peloso A, Oldani G, El Hajji S, Slits F, Ribeiro JR, Mercier R, Gleyzolle A, Rubbia-Brandt L, Gex Q, Lacotte S, Toso C. Maternal obesity increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma through the transmission of an altered gut microbiome. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101056. [PMID: 38681863 PMCID: PMC11046215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Emerging evidence suggests that maternal obesity negatively impacts the health of offspring. Additionally, obesity is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aims to investigate the impact of maternal obesity on the risk for HCC development in offspring and elucidate the underlying transmission mechanisms. Methods Female mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND). All offspring received a ND after weaning. We studied liver histology and tumor load in a N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC mouse model. Results Maternal obesity induced a distinguishable shift in gut microbial composition. At 40 weeks, female offspring of HFD-fed mothers (HFD offspring) were more likely to develop steatosis (9.43% vs. 3.09%, p = 0.0023) and fibrosis (3.75% vs. 2.70%, p = 0.039), as well as exhibiting an increased number of inflammatory infiltrates (4.8 vs. 1.0, p = 0.018) and higher expression of genes involved in fibrosis and inflammation, compared to offspring of ND-fed mothers (ND offspring). A higher proportion of HFD offspring developed liver tumors after DEN induction (79.8% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.0084) with a higher mean tumor volume (234 vs. 3 μm3, p = 0.0041). HFD offspring had a significantly less diverse microbiota than ND offspring (Shannon index 2.56 vs. 2.92, p = 0.0089), which was rescued through co-housing. In the principal component analysis, the microbiota profile of co-housed animals clustered together, regardless of maternal diet. Co-housing of HFD offspring with ND offspring normalized their tumor load. Conclusions Maternal obesity increases female offspring's susceptibility to HCC. The transmission of an altered gut microbiome plays an important role in this predisposition. Impact and implications The worldwide incidence of obesity is constantly rising, with more and more children born to obese mothers. In this study, we investigate the impact of maternal diet on gut microbiome composition and its role in liver cancer development in offspring. We found that mice born to mothers with a high-fat diet inherited a less diverse gut microbiome, presented chronic liver injury and an increased risk of developing liver cancer. Co-housing offspring from normal diet- and high-fat diet-fed mothers restored the gut microbiome and, remarkably, normalized the risk of developing liver cancer. The implementation of microbial screening and restoration of microbial diversity holds promise in helping to identify and treat individuals at risk to prevent harm for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Moeckli
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vaihere Delaune
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Gilbert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research (GCIR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graziano Oldani
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sofia El Hajji
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence Slits
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joana Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Mercier
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrien Gleyzolle
- Department of Diagnostics, Division of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Department of Diagnostics Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Gex
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Lacotte
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Purcell AR, Glastras SJ. Maternal Weight Management to Prevent the Developmental Programming of MAFLD in Offspring of Obese Mothers. Nutrients 2023; 15:2155. [PMID: 37432265 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global surge of obesity amongst women of reproductive age has raised concerns surrounding the health consequences for their offspring as there is a formidable link between an obesogenic maternal environment and the developmental programming of metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Specifically, the offspring of mothers with obesity have a three-fold higher risk of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) compared to the offspring of healthy-weight mothers. Given the burgeoning burden of obesity and its comorbidities, it is essential to focus research efforts on methods to alleviate the intergenerational onset of obesity and MAFLD. This review summarizes the current research surrounding the developmental programming of MAFLD in the offspring of mothers with obesity and examines the potential for weight interventions to prevent such metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. It focuses on the benefits of pre-pregnancy interventional strategies, including dietary and exercise intervention, to ameliorate adverse liver health outcomes in the offspring. The utility and translation of these interventions for humans may be difficult for prospective mothers with obesity, thus the use of pre-pregnancy therapeutic weight loss aids, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Renae Purcell
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Jean Glastras
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
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Mihalovičová L, Kunšteková V, Miláček D, Janko J, Pastorek M, Konečná B, Gurecká R, Rausová Z, Uličná O, Celec P, Šebeková K. Severe gestational diabetes mellitus in lean dams is associated with low IL-1α levels and affects the growth of the juvenile mouse offspring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1700. [PMID: 36717684 PMCID: PMC9886986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) impacts the metabolic status of offspring. GDM was induced in CD1 mice consuming a fast-food diet (FFD) by repeated low-dose streptozotocin injections before mating. Offspring of normoglycemic standard chow or the FFD consuming dams served as controls. In 4-week-old offspring weaned to standard chow, plasma concentrations of extracellular DNA, inflammatory markers, and parameters of the cardiometabolic status (glycemia, liver lipid content; body, organ, and fat weight) were determined. Two-factor analysis of variance indicated that the male offspring of GDM dams manifest postnatal growth retardation and lower relative kidney weight. Regardless of sex, GDM offspring manifest the lowest IL-1α levels, and other inflammatory markers showed mild and inconsistent alterations. Offspring of dams consuming the FFD displayed higher liver triacylglycerols content. The three groups of offspring showed no significant differences in glycemia and extracellular DNA. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis indicated that male GDM offspring present lower kidney, body, and brown adipose tissue weights; lower IL-1α levels, and higher concentrations of GM-CSF and IL-10 compared with their FFD counterparts. The model failed to select discriminative variables in females. In conclusion, in mice, maternal GDM in the absence of obesity adversely affects the early growth of juvenile male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mihalovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kunšteková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dávid Miláček
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Oľga Uličná
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Moeckli B, Lacotte S, Toso C. The Role of Acsl1 and Aldh2 in the Increased Risk for Liver Cancer in Offspring of Obese Mothers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:907028. [PMID: 35833105 PMCID: PMC9271743 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.907028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beat Moeckli
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christian Toso
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