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Lee JH, Chin SM, Chan DC, Liao JC, Yang S, Zhang N, Wong PK. Rapid Microbial Profiling through Multimodal Biosensors for Transversal Analysis. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39007543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The intricate interactions between host and microbial communities hold significant implications for biology and medicine. However, traditional microbial profiling methods face limitations in processing time, measurement of absolute abundance, detection of low biomass, discrimination between live and dead cells, and functional analysis. This study introduces a rapid multimodal microbial characterization platform, Multimodal Biosensors for Transversal Analysis (MBioTA), for capturing the taxonomy, viability, and functional genes of the microbiota. The platform incorporates single cell biosensors, scalable microwell arrays, and automated image processing for rapid transversal analysis in as few as 2 h. The multimodal biosensors simultaneously characterize the taxon, viability, and functional gene expression of individual cells. By automating the image processing workflow, the single cell analysis techniques enable the quantification of bacteria with sensitivity down to 0.0075%, showcasing its capability in detecting low biomass samples. We illustrate the applicability of the MBioTA platform through the transversal analysis of the gut microbiota composition, viability, and functionality in a familial Alzheimer's disease mouse model. The effectiveness, rapid turnaround, and scalability of the MBioTA platform will facilitate its application from basic research to clinical diagnostics, potentially revolutionizing our understanding and management of diseases associated with microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyong-Huei Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Siew Mei Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dennis C Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Nanying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Neuroscience Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Wang L, Fang X, Ling B, Wang F, Xia Y, Zhang W, Zhong T, Wang X. Research progress on ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1359453. [PMID: 38515787 PMCID: PMC10955106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1359453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, millions of individuals are impacted by neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a great deal of energy and financial resources have been invested in disease-related research, breakthroughs in therapeutic approaches remain elusive. The breakdown of cells usually happens together with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism that triggers neuronal loss is unknown. Lipid peroxidation, which is iron-dependent, causes a specific type of cell death called ferroptosis, and there is evidence its involvement in the pathogenic cascade of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the specific mechanisms are still not well known. The present article highlights the basic processes that underlie ferroptosis and the corresponding signaling networks. Furthermore, it provides an overview and discussion of current research on the role of ferroptosis across a variety of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiansong Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Baodian Ling
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fangsheng Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Fang W, Liu L, Yin B, Ke L, Su Y, Liu F, Ma X, Di Q. Heat exposure intervention, anxiety level, and multi-omic profiles: A randomized crossover study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108247. [PMID: 37871510 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has led to the frequent occurrence of high-temperature weather, which has various adverse effects on health, ranging from blood metabolism to systemic organ function. In particular, the sequelae of heat stress injury in most people are related to the nervous system. However, the mechanisms between heat stress and mental health conditions, especially heat stress and anxiety, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We attempted to elucidate the effect of heat exposure intervention on anxiety levels in the population and its mechanism. METHODS We first carried out a randomized controlled trial in 20 college students in Beijing, China, to observe the results of the effects of heat exposure intervention on human anxiety. Then, we collected blood samples before and after heat exposure experiment and used metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to quantify serum metabolites and ELISA measurements to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We found that even 1.5-hour heat exposure intervention significantly increased anxiety levels. Heat stress-induced anxiety was mediated by the activation of the HPA axis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and subsequently unbalanced neurotransmitters. Metabolites such as BDNF, GABA, and glucocorticoids released by the adrenal glands are biomarkers of heat stress-induced anxiety. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a causal link between heat stress and anxiety, explored possible biological pathway between heat stress and anxiety. Heat stress can cause the activation of the HPA axis and lead to changes in the body's metabolism, resulting in a series of changes such as inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to anxiety. This study reveals hidden health cost of climate change that has been underexplored, and also reminds us the importance of immediate climate actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fang
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linfeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yin
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Ke
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Su
- National Protein Science Facility, School of Life Science Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Fang Liu
- National Protein Science Facility, School of Life Science Tsinghua University, Beijing China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Aleksandrova Y, Neganova M. Deciphering the Mysterious Relationship between the Cross-Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative and Oncological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14766. [PMID: 37834214 PMCID: PMC10573395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oncological pathologies and neurodegenerative disorders is extremely complex and is a topic of concern among a growing number of researchers around the world. In recent years, convincing scientific evidence has accumulated that indicates the contribution of a number of etiological factors and pathophysiological processes to the pathogenesis of these two fundamentally different diseases, thus demonstrating an intriguing relationship between oncology and neurodegeneration. In this review, we establish the general links between three intersecting aspects of oncological pathologies and neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., oxidative stress, epigenetic dysregulation, and metabolic dysfunction, examining each process in detail to establish an unusual epidemiological relationship. We also focus on reviewing the current trends in the research and the clinical application of the most promising chemical structures and therapeutic platforms that have a modulating effect on the above processes. Thus, our comprehensive analysis of the set of molecular determinants that have obvious cross-functional pathways in the pathogenesis of oncological and neurodegenerative diseases can help in the creation of advanced diagnostic tools and in the development of innovative pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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Seike T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Impact of common ALDH2 inactivating mutation and alcohol consumption on Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223977. [PMID: 37693648 PMCID: PMC10483235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a central role in alcohol and aldehyde metabolism. A common ALDH2 polymorphism in East Asians descent (called ALDH2*2 or E504K missense variant, SNP ID: rs671), present in approximately 8% of the world's population, has been associated with a variety of diseases. Recent meta-analyses support the relationship between this ALDH2 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). And AD-like pathology observed in ALDH2-/- null mice and ALDH2*2 overexpressing transgenic mice indicate that ALDH2 deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the worldwide increase in alcohol consumption has drawn attention to the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and AD. Of potential clinical significance, chronic administration of alcohol in ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms. Therefore, ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption likely play an important role in the onset and progression of AD. Here, we review the data on the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism, alcohol, and AD, and summarize what is currently known about the role of the common ALDH2 inactivating mutation, ALDH2*2, and alcohol in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Sugasini D, Park JC, McAnany JJ, Kim TH, Ma G, Yao X, Antharavally B, Oroskar A, Oroskar AA, Layden BT, Subbaiah PV. Improvement of retinal function in Alzheimer disease-associated retinopathy by dietary lysophosphatidylcholine-EPA/DHA. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9179. [PMID: 37280266 PMCID: PMC10244360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly. Although impaired cognition and memory are the most prominent features of AD, abnormalities in visual functions often precede them, and are increasingly being used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for the disease. Retina contains the highest concentration of the essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the body, and its deficiency is associated with several retinal diseases including diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that enriching retinal DHA through a novel dietary approach could ameliorate symptoms of retinopathy in 5XFAD mice, a widely employed model of AD. The results show that 5XFAD mice have significantly lower retinal DHA compared to their wild type littermates, and feeding the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) form of DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) rapidly normalizes the DHA levels, and increases retinal EPA by several-fold. On the other hand, feeding similar amounts of DHA and EPA in the form of triacylglycerol had only modest effects on retinal DHA and EPA. Electroretinography measurements after 2 months of feeding the experimental diets showed a significant improvement in a-wave and b-wave functions by the LPC-diet, whereas the TAG-diet had only a modest benefit. Retinal amyloid β levels were decreased by about 50% by the LPC-DHA/EPA diet, and by about 17% with the TAG-DHA/EPA diet. These results show that enriching retinal DHA and EPA through dietary LPC could potentially improve visual abnormalities associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jason C Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - J Jason McAnany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Guangying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Anil Oroskar
- Orochem Technologies, Inc, Naperville, IL, 60563, USA
| | | | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Sánchez CQ, Schmitt FW, Curdt N, Westhoff AC, Bänfer IWH, Bayer TA, Bouter Y. Search Strategy Analysis of 5xFAD Alzheimer Mice in the Morris Water Maze Reveals Sex- and Age-Specific Spatial Navigation Deficits. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020599. [PMID: 36831135 PMCID: PMC9953202 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial disorientation and navigational impairments are not only some of the first memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease, but are also very disease-specific. In rodents, the Morris Water Maze is used to investigate spatial navigation and memory. Here, we examined the spatial memory in the commonly used 5xFAD Alzheimer mouse model in a sex- and age-dependent manner. Our findings show first spatial learning deficits in 7-month-old female 5xFAD and 12-month-old male 5xFAD mice, respectively. While the assessment of spatial working memory using escape latencies provides a global picture of memory performance, it does not explain how an animal solves a spatial task. Therefore, a detailed analysis of swimming strategies was performed to better understand the behavioral differences between 5xFAD and WT mice. 5xFAD mice used a qualitatively and quantitatively different search strategy pattern than wildtype animals that used more non-spatial strategies and showed allocentric-specific memory deficits. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of swimming strategies revealed allocentric memory deficits in the probe trial in female 3-month-old and male 7-month-old 5xFAD animals before the onset of severe reference memory deficits. Overall, we could demonstrate that spatial navigation deficits in 5xFAD mice are age- and sex-dependent, with female mice being more severely affected. In addition, the implementation of a search strategy classification system allowed an earlier detection of behavioral differences and therefore could be a powerful tool for preclinical drug testing in the 5xFAD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Quintanilla Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Franziska W. Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Curdt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anna Celine Westhoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Irina Wanda Helene Bänfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Bouter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Prata C, Freschi M, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S. Mechanisms Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders and Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Agrifood By-Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010094. [PMID: 36670956 PMCID: PMC9854890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive loss in selected areas of the nervous system, are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide due to an aging population. Despite their diverse clinical manifestations, neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial disorders with standard features and mechanisms such as abnormal protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. As there are no effective treatments to counteract neurodegenerative diseases, increasing interest has been directed to the potential neuroprotective activities of plant-derived compounds found abundantly in food and in agrifood by-products. Food waste has an extremely negative impact on the environment, and recycling is needed to promote their disposal and overcome this problem. Many studies have been carried out to develop green and effective strategies to extract bioactive compounds from food by-products, such as peel, leaves, seeds, bran, kernel, pomace, and oil cake, and to investigate their biological activity. In this review, we focused on the potential neuroprotective activity of agrifood wastes obtained by common products widely produced and consumed in Italy, such as grapes, coffee, tomatoes, olives, chestnuts, onions, apples, and pomegranates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Michela Freschi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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Sun X, Suo X, Xia X, Yu C, Dou Y. Dimethyl Fumarate is a Potential Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:443-456. [PMID: 34842188 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been approved for clinical treatment of multiple sclerosis based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Since both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), DMF is a potential therapeutic option for AD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the therapeutic effects of DMF on AD model mice and to reveal its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Cell viability assay and in vitro immunofluorescence imaging were used to evaluate the antioxidant effect of DMF on embryonic mouse hippocampal neurons. Behavioral test and brain magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess the therapeutic effects of DMF on spatial learning and memory as well as hippocampal volume in AD model mice with and without Nrf2 knockdown. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of antioxidant enzymes and molecules associated with AD-related pathological pathways. RESULTS DMF inhibits reactive oxygen species overproduction and protects neurons without Nrf2 knockdown from death. DMF reduces amyloid-β induced memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy in AD model mice rather than in Nrf2 knockdown AD mice. DMF delays the progression of AD by activating the Nrf2 pathway to enhance the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes and inhibits lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and amyloid-β deposition. CONCLUSION These results indicate that DMF is a potential therapeutic option for AD through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and other anti-AD effects by activating the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratoryof Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xinjun Suo
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratoryof Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xianyou Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratoryof Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Dou
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratoryof Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Ferroptosis and NRF2: an emerging battlefield in the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:925-940. [PMID: 34623415 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death modality and emerging evidence indicates that ferroptosis has great explanatory potential for neuronal loss and associated CNS dysfunction in a range of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, Motor neuron disease, Friedreich ataxia (FRDA)). Ferroptotic death results from lethal levels of phospholipid hydroperoxides that are generated by iron-dependent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic and adrenic acids, which are conjugated to specific phospholipids (e.g., phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs)). The major cellular protector against ferroptosis is glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a membrane-associated selenoenzyme that reduces deleterious phospholipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding benign phospholipid alcohols in a glutathione-dependent manner. Other complementary protective systems have also been identified that act to bolster cellular defences against ferroptosis. Many pharmacological modulators of the ferroptosis pathway have been identified, targeting proteins involved in iron homoeostasis and autophagy; the production and detoxification of lipid peroxides, and cyst(e)ine/glutathione metabolism. While a growing number of cell signalling pathways converge to regulate the ferroptosis cascade, an emerging understanding of ferroptosis regulation suggests that the ferroptotic 'tone' of cells can be set by the transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which transcriptionally controls many key components of the ferroptosis pathway. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the relationship between ferroptosis and NRF2 signalling. With a focus on the role of ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we discuss how therapeutic modulation of the NRF2 pathway is a viable strategy to explore in the treatment of ferroptosis-driven neurodegeneration.
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