Low Hemoglobin-to-Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio Is Associated with Disease Progression and Poor Prognosis in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Nomogram prediction model for gastric cancer risk in chronic atrophic gastritis: Role of blood cell ratios

BACKGROUND

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a precancerous condition for gastric cancer. Although endoscopy is the standard method for monitoring CAG, its invasive nature and high cost limit its use.

AIM

To identify risk factors for gastric cancer in the CAG population, focusing on blood cell ratios, and develop a personalized prediction model using a nomogram.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 314 GAG patients admitted to Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital from January 2018 to January 2024. Data collected included demographic, serological, and blood cell parameters. Independent risk factors were identified using multivariate logistic regression and a nomogram model was constructed with R. Model performance was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC), the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS

Significant predictive factors for gastric cancer in the CAG population included male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.214, P < 0.05), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection (OR = 2.686, P < 0.05), gastrin 17 (G-17) (OR = 1.037, P < 0.05), hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) (OR = 0.648, P < 0.05), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (OR = 0.645, P < 0.05). The prediction model, with an AUC of 0.854, demonstrated good fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ² = 6.062, P = 0.640). DCA indicated the potential generalizability of the model.

CONCLUSION

The nomogram provides a noninvasive, convenient, and cost-effective tool for screening gastric cancer in CAG patients, showing excellent discrimination and calibration. Further large-scale, multicenter studies are necessary to validate its efficacy across diverse populations.

Association between hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio and chronic kidney disease: A cross sectional study

The hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) is recognized as a novel prognostic biomarker; however, studies exploring its relationship with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarce. This study used data from the National Health and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2005 to 2018. The analysis included individuals aged ≥ 20 years who had complete HRR and CKD data. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between the HRR and CKD prevalence. Additionally, restricted cubic spline and subgroup analyses were conducted for further validation. Ultimately, 19,426 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a negative association between HRR and CKD (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.22-0.56). In addition, restricted cubic spline regression analysis revealed a negative linear association between HRR and CKD, with higher levels of HRR associated with a lower prevalence of CKD. The subgroup analysis revealed that the negative association between HRR and CKD was stronger in the male population. HRR is negatively associated with the prevalence of CKD in the adult population of the US. HRR is a potential indicator for assessing the prevalence of CKD and provides a rationale for personalized management.

Novel Systemic Inflammatory Markers Predict All-Cause Mortality in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Background

Clinically useful predictors for risk stratification of long-term survival may assist in selecting patients for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR) procedures. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic significance of peroperative novel systemic inflammatory markers (SIMs), including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR), systemic immune-inflammatory index (SIII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), for long-term mortality in EVAR.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 147 consecutive patients who underwent their first EVAR procedure at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital. The patients were divided into the mortality group (n = 37) and the survival group (n = 110). The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to ascertain the threshold value demonstrating the most robust connection with mortality. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed between each SIM and mortality. The relationship between SIMs and survival was investigated using restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results

The study included 147 patients, with an average follow-up duration of 34.28 ± 22.95 months. Deceased patients showed significantly higher NLR (p < 0.001) and reduced HRR (p < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of mortality were considerably greater in the higher-NLR group (NLR > 2.77) and lower-HRR group (HRR < 10.64). The hazard ratio (HR) of 0.833 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.71-0.97, p < 0.021) was determined to be statistically significant in predicting death in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

Preoperative higher-NLR and lower-HRR have been associated with a lower long-term survival rate in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients undergoing elective EVAR. Multivariate Cox regression showed that decreased preoperative HRR is an independent risk factor that increases mortality risk following EVAR. SIMs, such as the NLR and HRR, could be used in future clinical risk prediction methodologies for AAA patients undergoing EVAR. However, additional prospective cohort studies are needed to identify these findings.

Association of hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio and depression in older adults: A cross sectional study

BACKGROUND

The association between hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) and the depression in old adults was not clear.

METHODS

We extracted data on depression, general characteristics, lifestyle, medical history, drug use, and blood indicators from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 to investigate the relationship between HRR and depression.

RESULTS

A total of 4141 individuals were evaluated, among whom 266 (6.4 %) were identified as having depression. HRR was significantly lower in the low depression group, and Spearman correlation analysis revealed an inverse association between HRR and depression scores (r = -0.148, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that HRR was associated with depression after adjusted for general characteristics, life style, medical history, drug use and blood indicators (P = 0.010). ROC analysis demonstrated that in participants with depression, the area under the curve (AUC) for HRR was 0.612, surpassing both Hb(0.586) and RDW(0.401). These findings were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

LIMITATIONS

Only participants aged 65-79 years are selected for this study and this was a cross-sectional study that can only represent an association between HRR and depression, but not a cause-and-effect relationship.

CONCLUSIONS

HRR, being more potent than Hb or RDW, emerges as an independent risk factor for depression. It has the potential to facilitate early depression detection, aiding in the prevention of clinical deterioration or relapses, and could also serve as a viable treatment target.

Hemoglobin to red cell distribution width ratio: A predictor of clinical outcome and diuretic response in patients with acute heart failure

BACKGROUND

Hemoglobin to Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio (HRR) is a novel inflammatory marker in the prognostic assessment of tumors. Nevertheless, its focus on the cardiovascular field is relatively limited, particularly regarding its correlation with diuretic responses and clinical outcomes.

METHODS

This is a secondary analysis of the Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation (ROSE AHF) clinical trial. The outcomes of interest included all-cause death, rehospitalization and diuretic responses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and linear regression models were performed, respectively. Prognostic outcomes and diuretic response were further evaluated in ejection fraction (EF) subgroups (preserved EF ≥ 50% and reduced EF<50%).

RESULTS

A total of 351 patients were included in the present study and further categorized according to HRR median (0.7131) value at admission: low HRR group (n = 176) and high HRR group (n = 175). High HRR were found to be independently associated with decreased risk of all-cause death (HR = 0.51; 95% CI,0.30-0.87, P = 0.013), reduced risk of developing all-caused death or rehospitalization (HR = 0.62; 95% CI,0.39-0.98, P = 0.039). Furthermore, high HRR indicated lower cumulative urine output (OR: -992.33, P = 0.004) and less weight loss (OR: 3.08, P < 0.001) within 72 h after diuresis. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction effect between EF and HRR in prognostic impact or diuretic responses, and HRR was negatively correlated with plasma volume.

CONCLUSION

High HRR demonstrated a lower risk of developing adverse clinical outcomes and a poorer diuretic response that might be due to less volume overload in AHF patients.

Assessing the Predictive Power of the Hemoglobin/Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Future Directions

Background and Objectives: The hemoglobin (Hb)/red cell distribution width (RDW) ratio has emerged as an accessible, repeatable, and inexpensive prognostic factor that may predict survival in cancer patients. The focus of this systematic review is to investigate the prognostic role of the Hb/RDW ratio in cancer and the implications for clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed by an independent author between 18 March and 30 March 2023 to collect relevant literature that assessed the prognostic value of the Hb/RDW ratio in cancer. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and the association of these with the Hb/RDW ratio were considered to be the main endpoints. Results: Thirteen retrospective studies, including 3818 cancer patients, were identified and involved in this review. It was observed that, when patients with a high vs. low Hb/RDW ratio were compared, those with a lower Hb/RDW ratio had significantly poorer outcomes (p < 0.05). In lung cancer patients, a one-unit increase in the Hb/RDW ratio reduces mortality by 1.6 times, whilst in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma patients, a lower Hb/RDW ratio results in a 1.416-times greater risk of mortality. Conclusions: A low Hb/RDW ratio was associated with poor OS and disease progression in patients with cancer. This blood parameter should be considered a standard biomarker in clinical practice for predicting OS and PFS in cancer patients. Future searches will be necessary to determine and standardize the Hb/RDW cut-off value and to assess whether the Hb/RDW ratio is optimal as an independent prognostic factor or if it requires incorporation into risk assessment models for predicting outcomes in cancer patients.

A dynamic nomogram integrated with blood inflammation markers for predicting overall survival in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Background

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare disease with a poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that inflammation and the inflammatory microenvironment play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of blood inflammation markers and develop a prediction model that incorporates inflammation markers in order to predict overall survival (OS) of UTUC.

Methods

We included 304 localized UTUC patients from two medical institutions who had undergone radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) (167 in the training cohort, 137 in the validation cohort). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to screen the prognostic factors, and a nomogram and a web-based calculator were generated based on these predictors. The Harrell's concordance index (C-index), the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.

Results

Independent predictors incorporated in the nomogram were pathological stage, surgical margin, albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR). The c-index value was 0.726 in the training cohort and 0.761 in the validation cohort. The area under the ROC of the nomogram at 1-, 3- and 5-year in the training and validation sets were 0.765, 0.755, 0.763, and 0.791, 0.833, 0.802, respectively. Both the internal and external validation calibration plots showed a subtle distinction between the predicted and the actual probabilities. And it appears to provide incremental benefits for clinical decision-making in comparison to the American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) staging system.

Conclusions

In patients with UTUC after RNU, lower preoperative AGR and HRR were independent predictors of inferior survival. In addition, we created a novel blood inflammation marker-based dynamic nomogram that may be useful for surgeons or oncologists in risk stratification and patient selection for more intensive therapy and closer follow-up.

Prediction of the risk of cytopenia in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients using machine learning methods based on electronic medical records

Background

Cytopenia is a frequent complication among HIV-infected patients who require hospitalization. It can have a negative impact on the treatment outcomes for these patients. However, by leveraging machine learning techniques and electronic medical records, a predictive model can be developed to evaluate the risk of cytopenia during hospitalization in HIV patients. Such a model is crucial for designing a more individualized and evidence-based treatment strategy for HIV patients.

Method

The present study was conducted on HIV patients who were admitted to Guangxi Chest Hospital between June 2016 and October 2021. We extracted a total of 66 clinical features from the electronic medical records and employed them to train five machine learning prediction models (artificial neural network [ANN], adaptive boosting [AdaBoost], k-nearest neighbour [KNN] and support vector machine [SVM], decision tree [DT]). The models were tested using 20% of the data. The performance of the models was evaluated using indicators such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The best predictive models were interpreted using the shapley additive explanation (SHAP).

Result

The ANN models have better predictive power. According to the SHAP interpretation of the ANN model, hypoproteinemia and cancer were the most important predictive features of cytopenia in HIV hospitalized patients. Meanwhile, the lower hemoglobin-to-RDW ratio (HGB/RDW), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, CD4+ T cell counts, and creatinine clearance (Ccr) levels increase the risk of cytopenia in HIV hospitalized patients.

Conclusion

The present study constructed a risk prediction model for cytopenia in HIV patients during hospitalization with machine learning and electronic medical record information. The prediction model is important for the rational management of HIV hospitalized patients and the personalized treatment plan setting.

Lower haemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio is independently associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

The importance of blood cell markers in frailty has been studied. However, research on haemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) and frailty in older persons is still limited. We investigated the association between HRR and frailty in older adults.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional population-based study.

SETTING

Community-dwelling older adults older than 65 years were recruited from September 2021 to December 2021.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 1296 community-dwelling older adults (age ≥65 years) in Wuhan were included in the study.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The main outcome was the presence of frailty. The Fried Frailty Phenotype Scale was used to evaluate the frailty status of the participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between HRR and frailty.

RESULTS

A total of 1296 (564 men) older adults were included in this cross-sectional study. Their mean age was 70.89±4.85 years. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that HRR is a good predictor of frailty in older people, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.802 (95% CI: 0.755 to 0.849), and the highest sensitivity was 84.5% and the specificity was 61.9% with the optimal critical values 9.97 (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that lower HRR (<9.97) (OR: 3.419, 1.679 to 6.964, p=0.001) is independently associated with frailty in older people, even after adjusting confounding factors.

CONCLUSION

Lower HRR is closely associated with an increased risk of frailty in older people. Lower HRR may be an independent risk factor for frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

Association between hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio and hospital mortality in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background

In patients with ischemic stroke, low hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) was associated with an increased risk of mortality. However, it was unknown in the non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) population. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between baseline HRR and in-hospital mortality in patients with non-traumatic SAH.

Methods

Non-traumatic SAH patients were screened out of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive IV (MIMIC-IV) database between 2008 and 2019. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized to analyze the association between baseline HRR and in-hospital mortality. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis was utilized to determine the relationship curve between hospital mortality and the HRR level and examine the threshold saturation effect. We further applied Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis to examine the consistency of these correlations. The interaction test was used to identify subgroups with differences.

Results

A total of 842 patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Compared with individuals with lower HRR Q1 ( ≤ 7.85), the adjusted HR values in Q2 (7.86-9.15), Q3 (9.16-10.16), and Q4 (≥10.17) were 0.574 (95% CI: 0.368-0.896, p = 0.015), 0.555 (95% CI: 0.346-0.890, p = 0.016), and 0.625 (95% CI: 0.394-0.991, p = 0.045), respectively. The association between the HRR level and in-hospital mortality exhibited a non-linear relationship (p < 0.05). The threshold inflection point value of 9.50 was calculated using RCS analysis. When the HHR level was lower than 9.50, the risk of in-hospital mortality rate decreased with an adjusted HR of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70-0.90, p = 0.0003). When the HRR level was higher than 9.50, the risk of in-hospital mortality almost hardly increased with the increase in the HRR level (adjusted HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.91-1.53, p = 0.2158). K-M analysis showed that patients with low HRR levels had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

There was a non-linear connection between the baseline HRR level and in-hospital mortality. A low level of HRR could increase the risk of death in participants with non-traumatic SAH.

Pretreatment red blood cell distribution width may be a potential biomarker of prognosis in urologic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To demonstrate the prognostic value of pretreatment red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with urological cancer. Methods: We searched the relevant literature on Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, Sinomed databases and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure up to 30 March 2022, to investigate the relationship between RDW levels and the prognosis of patients with urological tumors. Results: This study comprised 15 retrospective studies involving 9492 patients. Increased pretreatment RDW was associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.27-1.82; p < 0.001), cancer-specific survival (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.15-1.57; p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (HR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.26-1.86; p < 0.001). Conclusion: High pretreatment RDW might predict poor survival for patients with urologic cancers.

Relationship between the Hemoglobin-to-Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio and All-Cause Mortality in Septic Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Based on Propensity Score Matching Method

(1) Objective: To reveal the correlation between the hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR) and all-cause mortality (ACM) among the septic patients with atrial fibrillation. (2) Methods: Specific clinical information was collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The optimal cut-off value of HRR was calculated through ROC curve analysis conducted by using the maximum Youden index for the prediction of survival status. In addition, univariable and multivariable Cox regressive analyses were carried out to assess the prognostic significance of HRR and the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis was conducted to draw the survival curves. Then, the 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) method was adopted to improve the reliability of research result while balancing the unintended influence of underlying confounders. (3) Results: There were 9228 patients participating in this retrospective cohort study. The optimal cut-off value of the HRR was determined as 5.877 for in-hospital mortality. The PSM was performed to identify 2931 pairs of score-matched patients, with balanced differences exhibited by nearly all variables. According to the K-M analysis, those patients with a lower HRR than 5.877 showed a significantly higher level of in-hospital mortality, 28-day mortality, and 90-day mortality, compared to the patients with HRR ≥ 5.877 (p < 0.001). After the adjustment of possible confounders, those patients whose HRR was below 5.877 had a significantly higher level of in-hospital mortality than the patients with HRR ≥ 5.877, as revealed by the multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR = 1.142, 95%CI: 1.210−1.648, p < 0.001). Similarly, the ACM remained substantially higher in those patients with a lower HRR than in the patients with higher HRR after PSM. (4) Conclusion: A lower HRR (<5.877) was evidently associated with an increased risk of ACM, which made it applicable as a prognostic predictor of clinical outcomes for those septic patients with atrial fibrillation.

Prognostic value of hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR) has emerged as a novel integrative biomarker predictive of overall and disease-free survival in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of HRR in the cancer population. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE from inception to 1 July 2021, to collect studies assessing the prognostic value of HRR in cancer patients. The primary and secondary end points were all-cause mortality and occurrence of disease progression or relapse, respectively. A meta-analytic approach was employed to estimate the pooled hazard ratio with 95% CI by fitting random-effects models. Results: A total of 11 retrospective cohort studies representing 2985 cancer patients were included. Compared with patients with high HRR, patients with low HRR had a twofold risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.76-2.98; p < 0.0001). There was substantial heterogeneity in the association of HRR with mortality across the studies (I²: 66.8%; 95% CI: 35.3-82.9%; p = 0.0014). Similarly, low HRR was associated with a twofold risk of disease progression or relapse (hazard ratio: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.74-2.76; p < 0.0001). No significant heterogeneity was observed (I²: 16.8%; 95% CI: 0.0-60.7%; p = 0.30). Conclusion: Low HRR was associated with mortality and disease progression or relapse in patients with cancer. Further studies are required to standardize the HRR cutoff value and investigate whether HRR can be incorporated into risk assessment models for predicting adverse prognosis in cancer patients.

Prognostic Factors for Contralateral Recurrence of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma after Nephroureterectomy: A Large Multiregional Study

Simple Summary

Recurrence of cancer on the opposite side after the removal of primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is uncommon, but the risk of subsequent deterioration of kidney function may be severe and result in the need for permanent dialysis. There is a clear correlation between inflammation and tumor development in patients with cancer. As the presence of white blood cells (WBC) in urine is an indicator of local inflammation and a biomarker for bladder recurrence of UTUC, we hypothesized that systemic inflammation is involved in the occurrence of contralateral lesions. We proved that elevated serum WBC, late chronic kidney disease, and multiple tumors are independent prognostic factors for contralateral recurrence. Moreover, in a subgroup analysis, the importance of chronic kidney disease in contralateral recurrence was demonstrated for the first time in a non-Asian population. It is recommended that high-risk patients be closely followed up to monitor the opposite upper urinary tract.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the prognostic significance of preoperative inflammation-associated blood cell markers in the metachronous contralateral recurrence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Patients with nonmetastatic UTUC treated in Taiwan and the U.S. between 1990 and 2017 were included. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the contralateral recurrence rate, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to study the association of blood cell markers and clinicopathological characteristics with contralateral recurrence. Overall, a total of 1039 patients were included in this study, 52 of whom (5.0%) developed metachronous recurrence of the contralateral side. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that a history of bladder cancer (p = 0.006), multiple tumors (p = 0.016), advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD; p < 0.001), elevated serum white blood cell (WBC) count (p < 0.001), and decreased hemoglobin levels (p = 0.001) significantly reduced the contralateral recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that multiple tumors (hazard ratio (HR), 1.87; p = 0.030), advanced CKD (HR, 2.63; p = 0.002) and increased WBC count (HR, 2.60; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for higher contralateral recurrence rate. Notably, advanced CKD was a significant factor regardless of the patient’s region. In summary, multiple tumors, advanced CKD and elevated serum WBC count are independent predictors of contralateral recurrence in patients with UTUC. It is recommended that patients with these adverse characteristics be closely followed up to monitor the opposite upper urinary tract.