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Xi M, Zhu J, Zhang F, Shen H, Chen J, Xiao Z, Huangfu Y, Wu C, Sun H, Xia G. Antibody-drug conjugates for targeted cancer therapy: Recent advances in potential payloads. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116709. [PMID: 39068862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising cancer therapy modality which specifically delivers highly toxic payloads to cancer cells through antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To date, 15 ADCs have been approved and more than 100 ADC candidates have advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of various cancers. Among these ADCs, microtubule-targeting and DNA-damaging agents are at the forefront of payload development. However, several challenges including toxicity and drug resistance limit the potential of this modality. To tackle these issues, multiple innovative payloads such as immunomodulators and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are incorporated into ADCs to enable multimodal cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the mechanism of ADCs, highlight the importance of ADC payloads and summarize recent progresses of conventional and unconventional ADC payloads, trying to provide an insight into payload diversification as a key step in future ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Xi
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
| | - Hualiang Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Ziyan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Yanping Huangfu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Fat-soluble Vitamin, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Gang Xia
- NovoCodex Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Shaoxing, 312090, China
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2
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Raja A, Kasana A, Verma V. Next-Generation Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Treatment: Advancements, Applications, and Challenges. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01270-y. [PMID: 39222285 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The field of cancer treatment has evolved significantly over the last decade with the emergence of next-generation therapeutic antibodies. Conventional treatments like chemotherapy pose significant challenges, including adverse side effects. Monoclonal antibodies have paved the way for more targeted and effective interventions. The evolution from chimeric to humanized and fully human antibodies has led to a reduction in immunogenicity and enhanced tolerance in vivo. The advent of next-generation antibodies, including bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, antibody-drug conjugates, glyco-engineered antibodies, and antibody fragments, represents a leap forward in cancer therapy. These innovations offer increased potency, adaptability, and reduced drug resistance. Challenges such as target validation, immunogenicity, and high production costs exist. However, technological advancements in antibody engineering techniques provide optimism for addressing these issues. The future promises a paradigm shift, where ongoing research will propel these powerful antibodies to the forefront, revolutionizing the fight against cancer and creating new preventive and curative treatments. This review provides an overview of three next-generation antibody-based molecules, namely bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and nanobodies that have shown promising results in cancer treatment. It discusses the evolution of antibodies from conventional forms to next-generation molecules, along with their applications in cancer treatment, production methods, and associated challenges. The review aims to offer researchers insights into the evolving landscape of next-generation antibody-based cancer therapeutics and their potential to revolutionize treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhavya Raja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kasana
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vaishali Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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Koch NG, Budisa N. Evolution of Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase: From Methanogenesis to Genetic Code Expansion. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9580-9608. [PMID: 38953775 PMCID: PMC11363022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, the pyrrolysine encoding translation system was discovered in specific archaea. Our Review provides an overview of how the once obscure pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) tRNA pair, originally responsible for accurately translating enzymes crucial in methanogenic metabolic pathways, laid the foundation for the burgeoning field of genetic code expansion. Our primary focus is the discussion of how to successfully engineer the PylRS to recognize new substrates and exhibit higher in vivo activity. We have compiled a comprehensive list of ncAAs incorporable with the PylRS system. Additionally, we also summarize recent successful applications of the PylRS system in creating innovative therapeutic solutions, such as new antibody-drug conjugates, advancements in vaccine modalities, and the potential production of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj G. Koch
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis
Group, Institute of Chemistry, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Chemical
Synthetic Biology Chair, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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4
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Ranganathan S, Reddy A, Russo A, Malepelle U, Desai A. Double agents in immunotherapy: Unmasking the role of antibody drug conjugates in immune checkpoint targeting. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 202:104472. [PMID: 39111458 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have high specificity with lesser off-target effects, thus providing improved efficacy over traditional chemotherapies. A total of 14 ADCs have been approved for use against cancer by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with more than 100 ADCs currently in clinical trials. Of particular interest ADCs targeting immune antigens PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4 and integrins. Specifically, we describe ADCs in development along with the gene and protein expression of these immune checkpoints across a wide range of cancer types let url = window.clickTag || window.clickTag1 || window.clickTag2 || window.clickTag3 || window.clickTag4 || window.bsClickTAG || window.bsClickTAG1 || window.bsClickTAG2 || window.url || ''; if(typeof url == 'string'){ document.body.dataset['perxceptAdRedirectUrl'] = url;}.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Umberto Malepelle
- Department of Public Health University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Aakash Desai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States.
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5
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Bratti M, Stubbs E, Kolodych S, Souchet H, Kelly L, Merlin J, Marchal M, Castellano R, Josselin E, Pasquer H, Benajiba L, Puissant A, Koniev O, Collette Y, Belanger C, Hermine O, Monteiro RC, Launay P. INA03: A Potent Transferrin-Competitive Antibody-Drug Conjugate against CD71 for Safer Acute Leukemia Treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:1159-1175. [PMID: 38641421 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Innovative strategies for enhancing efficacy and overcoming drug resistance in hematologic cancers, such as using antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), have shifted the paradigm of conventional care by delivering promising outcomes in cancer therapies with a significant reduction in the risk of relapse. Transferrin receptor (TfR1), cluster of differentiation 71 (CD71), is known to be overexpressed in malignant cells and considered a potent antitumor target. Therefore, we developed an anti-CD71 ADC, INA03, a humanized antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E through a 3-arylpropiolonitrile-valine-citrulline linker. In this study, we investigated the potency and safety of INA03, in competition with Transferrin (Tf), the CD71's natural ligand, as a novel strategy to specifically target highly proliferative cells. The high expression of CD71 was confirmed on different leukemic cell lines, allowing INA03 to bind efficiently. Subsequently, INA03 rapidly internalizes into lysosomal compartments, in which its cytotoxic drug is released following cathepsin B cleavage. Downregulation of CD71 expression using shRNA highlighted that INA03-induced cell death was dependent on CD71 density at the cell surface. INA03 intravenous treatment in acute leukemia mouse models significantly reduced tumor burden, increased mouse survival, and showed no residual disease compared with conventional chemotherapies. Because INA03 competes with human Tf, a double knock-in (human CD71/human Tf) competent mouse model was generated to mimic human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. INA03 administration in human CD71/hTf mice did not reveal any improper toxicities, even at high doses. Hence, these data demonstrate the promising preclinical efficacy and safety of INA03 and support its development as a novel acute leukemia treatment. Significance: The Tf receptor is believed to be undruggable because of its ubiquitous expression. By entering into competition with its cognate ligand, the Tf and INA03 ADC can safely achieve potency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lois Kelly
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), INSERM U944, Paris, France
| | | | - Michelle Marchal
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL8654, Paris, France
| | - Remy Castellano
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Josselin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Pasquer
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), INSERM U944, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lina Benajiba
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), INSERM U944, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Yves Collette
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Olivier Hermine
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL8654, Paris, France
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Launay
- INATHERYS, Evry, France
- Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
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6
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Zhou W, Xu Z, Liu S, Lou X, Liu P, Xie H, Zhang S, Liu X, Zhuo B, Huang H. Landscape of clinical drug development of ADCs used for the pharmacotherapy of cancers: an overview of clinical trial registry data from 2002 to 2022. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:898. [PMID: 39060958 PMCID: PMC11282866 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide reference for clinical development of ADCs in the industry, we analyzed the landscape and characteristics of clinical trials about antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). METHOD Clinical trials to study ADCs used for the pharmacotherapy of cancers initiated by the sponsor were searched in the Cite line Pharma Intelligence (Trialtrove database), and the landscape and characteristics of these clinical trials were analyzed from multiple perspectives, such as the number, phases, status, indications, and targets of the clinical trials. RESULT As of December 31, 2022, a total of 431 clinical trials have been initiated to study ADCs used for the pharmacotherapy of cancers, and the number of the last 10 years was 5.5 times as large as the first 11 years. These clinical trials involved 47 indications, including breast cancer, lymphoma (lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's and lymphoma, Hodgkin's), unspecified solid tumor, bladder cancer and lung cancer (lung, non-small cell cancer and lung, small cell cancer). As for each of these five indications, 50 + clinical trials have been carried out, accounting for as high as 48.50% (454/936). ADCs involve 38 targets, which are relatively concentrated. Among them, ERBB2 (HER2) and TNFRSF8 (CD30) involve in 100 + registered clinical trials, and TNFRSF17 (BCMA), NECTIN4 and CD19 in 10 + trials. The clinical trials for these five targets account for 79.02% (354/448) of the total number. Up to 93.97% (405/431) of these clinical trials explored the correlation between biomarkers and efficacy. Up to 45.91% (292/636) of Lots (lines of treatment) applied in the clinical trials were the second line. Until December 31, 2022, 54.52% (235/431) of the clinical trials have been completed or terminated. CONCLUSION ADCs are a hotspot of research and development in oncology clinical trials, but the indications, targets, phases, and Lot that have been registered are seemingly relatively concentrated at present. This study provides a comprehensive analysis which can assist researchers/developer quickly grasp relevant knowledge to assess a product and also providing new clues and ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Lou
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Huali Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Shuiyan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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7
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Birnboim-Perach R, Benhar I. Using Combination therapy to overcome diverse challenges of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors treatment. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3911-3922. [PMID: 39113705 PMCID: PMC11302893 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have heralded a new era in immunotherapy, representing a pivotal breakthrough in cancer treatment. Their impact is profound, with ICIs standing as some of the most prescribed anticancer therapies today. Notably, their ability to induce long-term remission even after treatment cessation provides genuine hope for achieving durable cures. However, despite these strides, challenges persist in the landscape of oncology, including resistance phenomena, immune-related adverse events, and suboptimal response rates. In response to these challenges, combination therapy emerges as a promising approach, poised to enhance treatment outcomes and address limitations inherent to single-agent ICI therapy. By synergistically targeting multiple pathways, combination therapy holds the potential to augment therapeutic efficacy while mitigating toxicity and impeding the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Understanding the intricacies underlying resistance development and adverse events is paramount in devising novel and refined combination strategies. A timeline showing FDA approvals of ICIs combination is shown in Figure 1. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date examples of different combined therapy strategies that can be used to overcome various challenges regarding ICI treatment. Through the exploration of innovative therapeutic combinations, we aim to provide clinicians and researchers with actionable knowledge to optimize patient outcomes and propel the field of immuno-oncology forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheli Birnboim-Perach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- The Tel Aviv University Center for Combatting Pandemics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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Smith CT, Wang Z, Lewis JS. Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115329. [PMID: 38729265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are burdensome conditions that affect a significant fraction of the global population. The hallmark of autoimmune disease is a host's immune system being licensed to attack its tissues based on specific antigens. There are no cures for autoimmune diseases. The current clinical standard for treating autoimmune diseases is the administration of immunosuppressants, which weaken the immune system and reduce auto-inflammatory responses. However, people living with autoimmune diseases are subject to toxicity, fail to mount a sufficient immune response to protect against pathogens, and are more likely to develop infections. Therefore, there is a concerted effort to develop more effective means of targeting immunomodulatory therapies to antigen-presenting cells, which are involved in modulating the immune responses to specific antigens. In this review, we highlight approaches that are currently in development to target antigen-presenting cells and improve therapeutic outcomes in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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9
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Chis AA, Dobrea CM, Arseniu AM, Frum A, Rus LL, Cormos G, Georgescu C, Morgovan C, Butuca A, Gligor FG, Vonica-Tincu AL. Antibody-Drug Conjugates-Evolution and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6969. [PMID: 39000079 PMCID: PMC11241239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antineoplastic therapy is one of the main research themes of this century. Modern approaches have been implemented to target and heighten the effect of cytostatic drugs on tumors and diminish their general/unspecific toxicity. In this context, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising and successful strategy. The aim of this review was to assess different aspects regarding ADCs. They were presented from a chemical and a pharmacological perspective and aspects like structure, conjugation and development particularities alongside effects, clinical trials, safety issues and perspectives and challenges for future use of these drugs were discussed. Representative examples include but are not limited to the following main structural components of ADCs: monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab, brentuximab), linkers (pH-sensitive, reduction-sensitive, peptide-based, phosphate-based, and others), and payloads (doxorubicin, emtansine, ravtansine, calicheamicin). Regarding pharmacotherapy success, the high effectiveness expectation associated with ADC treatment is supported by the large number of ongoing clinical trials. Major aspects such as development strategies are first discussed, advantages and disadvantages, safety and efficacy, offering a retrospective insight on the subject. The second part of the review is prospective, focusing on various plans to overcome the previously identified difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anca Maria Arseniu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adina Frum
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Luca-Liviu Rus
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Gabriela Cormos
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Cecilia Georgescu
- Faculty of Agriculture Science, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Anca Butuca
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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10
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Parit S, Manchare A, Gholap AD, Mundhe P, Hatvate N, Rojekar S, Patravale V. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A promising breakthrough in cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124211. [PMID: 38750981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide effective cancer treatment through the selective delivery of cytotoxic payloads to the cancer cells. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. Despite several advantages, there is a requirement for innovations in the molecular design of ADC owing to drug resistance, cancer heterogeneity along the adverse effects of treatment. The review critically analyses ADC function mechanisms, unraveling the intricate interplay between antibodies, linkers, and payloads in facilitating targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. The article also highlights notable advancements in antibody engineering, which aid in creating highly selective and potent ADCs. Additionally, the review details significant progress in clinical ADC development with an in-depth examination of pivotal trials and approved formulations. Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a ground-breaking approach to targeted drug delivery, especially in cancer treatment. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of ADC development, covering their design, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. The article emphasizes the need for greater precision in drug delivery and explains why ADCs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Parit
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Manchare
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Mundhe
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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11
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Huang Z, Braunstein Z, Chen J, Wei Y, Rao X, Dong L, Zhong J. Precision Medicine in Rheumatic Diseases: Unlocking the Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:579-598. [PMID: 38622001 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. These innovative compounds combine the precision of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cell-killing or immune-modulating abilities of attached drug payloads. This unique strategy not only reduces off-target toxicity but also enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs. Beyond their well established role in oncology, ADCs are now showing promising potential in addressing the unmet needs in the therapeutics of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases, a diverse group of chronic autoimmune diseases with varying etiologies, clinical presentations, and prognoses, often demand prolonged pharmacological interventions, creating a pressing need for novel, efficient, and low-risk treatment options. ADCs, with their ability to precisely target the immune components, have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in this context. This review will provide an overview of the core components and mechanisms behind ADCs, a summary of the latest clinical trials of ADCs for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, and a discussion of the challenges and future prospects faced by the development of next-generation ADCs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There is a lack of efficient and low-risk targeted therapeutics for rheumatic diseases. Antibody-drug conjugates, a class of cutting-edge therapeutic drugs, have emerged as a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for rheumatic disease. Although there is limited literature summarizing the progress of antibody-drug conjugates in the field of rheumatic disease, updating the advancements in this area provides novel insights into the development of novel antirheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Huang
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Yingying Wei
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Lingli Dong
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
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12
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Marvin CC, Hobson AD, McPherson MJ, Hayes ME, Patel MV, Schmidt DL, Li T, Randolph JT, Bischoff AK, Fitzgibbons J, Wang L, Wang L, Hernandez A, Jia Y, Goess CA, Bryant SH, Mathieu SL, Xu J. Anti-TNF Thioester Glucocorticoid Antibody-Drug Conjugate Fully Inhibits Inflammation with Minimal Effect on Systemic Corticosterone Levels in a Mouse Arthritis Model. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9495-9515. [PMID: 38780432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We describe the discovery of a thioester-containing glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM) payload and the corresponding antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Payload 6 was designed for rapid hepatic inactivation to minimize systemic exposure of nonconjugated GRM. Mouse PK indicated that 6 is cleared 10-fold more rapidly than a first-generation GRM payload, resulting in 10-fold lower exposure and 3-fold decrease in Cmax. The anti-mTNF conjugate ADC5 fully inhibited inflammation in mouse contact hypersensitivity with minimal effects on corticosterone, a biomarker for systemic GRM effects, at doses up to and including 100 mg/kg. Concomitant inhibition of P1NP suggests potential delivery to cells involved in the remodeling of bone, which may be a consequence of TNF-targeting or bystander payload effects. Furthermore, ADC5 fully suppressed inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis mouse model after one 10 mg/kg dose for 21 days. The properties of the anti-hTNF conjugate were suitable for liquid formulation and may enable subcutaneous dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Marvin
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Adrian D Hobson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Michael J McPherson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Martin E Hayes
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Meena V Patel
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Diana L Schmidt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Tongmei Li
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John T Randolph
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Agnieszka K Bischoff
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Julia Fitzgibbons
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Axel Hernandez
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ying Jia
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Christian A Goess
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Shaughn H Bryant
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Suzanne L Mathieu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Jianwen Xu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 381 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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13
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Bai H, Huang W, Li J, Ji Y, He S, Hu H. Enhancing anticancer treatment: Development of cRGD-Conjugated F-OH-Evo prodrugs for targeted delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 107:117759. [PMID: 38795572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Small molecule drugs sourced from natural products are pivotal for novel therapeutic discoveries. However, their clinical deployment is often impeded by non-specific activity and severe adverse effects. This study focused on 3-fluoro-10-hydroxy-Evodiamine (F-OH-Evo), a potent derivative of Evodiamine, whose development is curtailed due to suboptimal tumor selectivity and heightened cytotoxicity. By harnessing the remarkable stability, specificity, and αvβ3 integrin affinity of c(RGDFK), a novel prodrug by conjugating F-OH-Evo with cRGD was synthesized. This innovative prodrug substantially enhanced the tumor-specific targeting of F-OH-Evo and improved the anti-tumor activities. Among them, compound 3c demonstrated the best selective inhibitory activity toward U87 cancer cells in vitro. It selectively enterd U87 cells by binding to αvβ3 integrin, releasing the parent molecule under the dual response of ROS and GSH to exert inhibitory activity on topo I. The results highlight the potential of cRGD-conjugated prodrugs in targeted cancer therapy. This approach signifies a significant advancement in developing safer and more effective chemotherapy drugs, emphasizing the role of prodrug strategies in overcoming the limitations of traditional cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yajing Ji
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Honggang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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14
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Lami I, Wiemer AJ. Antibody-Drug Conjugates in the Pipeline for Treatment of Melanoma: Target and Pharmacokinetic Considerations. Drugs R D 2024; 24:129-144. [PMID: 38951479 PMCID: PMC11315830 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive, rapidly developing form of skin cancer that affects about 22 per 100,000 individuals. Treatment options for melanoma patients are limited and typically involve surgical excision of moles and chemotherapy. Survival has been improved in recent years through targeted small molecule inhibitors and antibody-based immunotherapies. However, the long-term side effects that arise from taking chemotherapies can negatively impact the lives of patients because they lack specificity and impact healthy cells along with the cancer cells. Antibody-drug conjugates are a promising new class of drugs for the treatment of melanoma. This review focuses on the development of antibody-drug conjugates for melanoma and discusses the existing clinical trials of antibody-drug conjugates and their use as a melanoma treatment. So far, the antibody-drug conjugates have struggled from efficacy problems, with modest effects at best, leading many to be discontinued for melanoma. At the same time, conjugates such as AMT-253, targeting melanoma cell adhesion molecule, and mecbotamab vedotin targeting AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, are among the most exciting for melanoma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Lami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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15
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Shen H, Zhang C, Li S, Liang Y, Lee LT, Aggarwal N, Wun KS, Liu J, Nadarajan SP, Weng C, Ling H, Tay JK, Wang DY, Yao SQ, Hwang IY, Lee YS, Chang MW. Prodrug-conjugated tumor-seeking commensals for targeted cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4343. [PMID: 38773197 PMCID: PMC11109227 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs have been explored as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy; however, their target specificity remains limited. The tumor microenvironment harbors a range of microorganisms that potentially serve as tumor-targeting vectors for delivering prodrugs. In this study, we harness bacteria-cancer interactions native to the tumor microbiome to achieve high target specificity for prodrug delivery. We identify an oral commensal strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with an intrinsic cancer-binding mechanism and engineer the strain to enable the surface loading of anticancer prodrugs, with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) as a model cancer. The engineered commensals show specific binding to NPC via OppA-mediated recognition of surface heparan sulfate, and the loaded prodrugs are activated by tumor-associated biosignals to release SN-38, a chemotherapy compound, near NPC. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the prodrug-loaded microbes significantly increase the potency of SN-38 against NPC cell lines, up to 10-fold. In a mouse xenograft model, intravenous injection of the engineered L. plantarum leads to bacterial colonization in NPC tumors and a 67% inhibition in tumor growth, enhancing the efficacy of SN-38 by 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Shen
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changyu Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Li
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanmei Liang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Ting Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikhil Aggarwal
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwok Soon Wun
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saravanan Prabhu Nadarajan
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hua Ling
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Wilmar International Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua K Tay
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - In Young Hwang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Centre for Engineering Biology (NCEB), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Sorret L, Tan WH, Voss S, Favrod P, Chalus P, Winzer M. Impact on Quality during In-Use Preparation of an Antibody Drug Conjugate with Eight Different Closed System Transfer Device Brands. AAPS J 2024; 26:61. [PMID: 38750400 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in-use compatibility of eight commercially available closed system transfer device brands (CSTDs) with a formulated model antibody drug conjugate (ADC). Overall, in-use simulated dosing preparation applying the CSTD systems investigated raised concerns for several product quality attributes. The incompatibilities observed were mainly associated with increased visible and subvisible particles formation as well as significant changes in holdup volumes. Visible and subvisible particles contained heterogeneous mixtures of particle classes, with the majority of subvisible particles associated with silicone oil leaching from CSTD systems during simulated dose preparation upon contact with the ADC formulation. These observations demonstrate that CSTD use may adversely impact product quality and delivered dose which could potentially lead to safety and efficacy concerns during administration. Other product quality attributes measured including turbidity, color, ADC recovery, and purity by size exclusion HPLC, did not show relevant changes. It is therefore strongly recommended to test and screen the compatibility of CSTDs with the respective ADC, in a representative in-use simulated administration setting, during early CMC development, i.e., well before the start of clinical studies, to include information about compatibility and to ensure that the CSTD listed in the manuals of preparation for clinical handling has been thoroughly assessed before human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Sorret
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Wei Han Tan
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Senta Voss
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick Favrod
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Chalus
- Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Hochbergerstrasse 60G, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Morgovan C, Dobrea CM, Butuca A, Arseniu AM, Frum A, Rus LL, Chis AA, Juncan AM, Gligor FG, Georgescu C, Ghibu S, Vonica-Tincu AL. Safety Profile of the Trastuzumab-Based ADCs: Analysis of Real-World Data Registered in EudraVigilance. Biomedicines 2024; 12:953. [PMID: 38790915 PMCID: PMC11117560 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab (T) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are among the first-line treatments recommended for HER2-positive breast cancer. More recently, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) have been authorized, and they represent the second-line therapy in this type of cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with T-based ADCs that were spontaneously reported in EudraVigilance-the European pharmacovigilance database. Out of 42,272 ADRs reported for currently approved ADCs on the market, 24% of ADRs were related to T-DM1, while 12% of ADRs were related to T-DXd. T-DM1 had a higher probability of reporting eye, ear and labyrinth, and cardiac and hepatobiliary ADRs, while T-DXd had a higher probability of reporting respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal, blood and lymphatic system, metabolism and nutrition, and gastrointestinal ADRs. The present research found that in terms of hematological disorders, T-DM1 and T-DXd had a higher probability of reporting ADRs than TKIs. Moreover, the data showed that T-DM1 seemed to have a higher risk of cardiotoxicity than T-DXd, while T-DXd had a higher probability of reporting metabolism and nutrition disorders than T-DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Carmen Maximiliana Dobrea
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Anca Butuca
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Anca Maria Arseniu
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Adina Frum
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Luca Liviu Rus
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Adriana Aurelia Chis
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Anca Maria Juncan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Felicia Gabriela Gligor
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
| | - Cecilia Georgescu
- Faculty of Agriculture Science, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Steliana Ghibu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Loredana Vonica-Tincu
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.F.); (L.L.R.); (A.A.C.); (A.M.J.); (F.G.G.); (A.L.V.-T.)
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18
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Chen X, Zeng C. Pioneering the Way: The Revolutionary Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in NSCLC. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:556-584. [PMID: 38520605 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Despite targeted therapy and immunotherapy being recognized as established frontline treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the unavoidable development of resistance and disease progression poses ongoing challenges. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) offer a potent treatment option for NSCLC through the specific delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells that display distinct antigens. This review delves into the latest evidence regarding promising ADC agents for NSCLC, focusing on their targets, effectiveness, and safety assessments. Additionally, our study provides insights into managing toxicities, identifying biomarkers, devising methods to counter resistance mechanisms, tackling prevailing challenges, and outlining prospects for the clinical implementation of these innovative ADCs and combination regimens in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehui Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
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Li M, Zhao X, Yu C, Wang L. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Overview: a State-of-the-art Manufacturing Process and Control Strategy. Pharm Res 2024; 41:419-440. [PMID: 38366236 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise an antibody, linker, and drug, which direct their highly potent small molecule drugs to target tumor cells via specific binding between the antibody and surface antigens. The antibody, linker, and drug should be properly designed or selected to achieve the desired efficacy while minimizing off-target toxicity. With a unique and complex structure, there is inherent heterogeneity introduced by product-related variations and the manufacturing process. Here this review primarily covers recent key advances in ADC history, clinical development status, molecule design, manufacturing processes, and quality control. The manufacturing process, especially the conjugation process, should be carefully developed, characterized, validated, and controlled throughout its lifecycle. Quality control is another key element to ensure product quality and patient safety. A patient-centric strategy has been well recognized and adopted by the pharmaceutical industry for therapeutic proteins, and has been successfully implemented for ADCs as well, to ensure that ADC products maintain their quality until the end of their shelf life. Deep product understanding and process knowledge defines attribute testing strategies (ATS). Quality by design (QbD) is a powerful approach for process and product development, and for defining an overall control strategy. Finally, we summarize the current challenges on ADC development and provide some perspectives that may help to give related directions and trigger more cross-functional research to surmount those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyu Zhao
- The Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Polypeptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Gendy JM, Nomura N, Stuart JN, Blumenthal G. US FDA's Dose Optimization Postmarketing Requirements and Commitments of Oncology Approvals and the Impact on Product Labels from 2010 to 2022: An Emerging Landscape from Traditional to Novel Therapies. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2024; 58:380-386. [PMID: 38182940 PMCID: PMC10850176 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-023-00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose optimization is a focal point of many US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approvals. We sought to understand the impact of the FDA's Postmarketing Commitments/Postmarketing Requirements (PMCs/PMRs) on dose optimization and prescriber labeling for oncology drugs. METHODS Publicly available information was aggregated for all FDA oncology drug approvals between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2022. Study completion dates were compared to product labeling before and after PMC/PMR fulfillment dates to evaluate labeling changes associated with dose-related PMCs/PMRs. Data were analyzed individually (2010-2015 and 2016-2022) due to differences in available information. RESULTS From 2010 to 2015, 14 of 42 (33.3%) new molecular entities (NMEs) had dose-related PMCs/PMRs, with 6 of 14 (42.9%) resulting in a relevant label change. From 2016 to 2022, of the 314 new or supplemental applications approved, 21 had dose-related PMCs/PMRs (6.7%), which trended upward over time; 71.4% of dose-related PMCs/PMRs were NMEs. Kinase inhibitors (KIs) and antibody/peptide drug conjugates (ADCs/PDCs) were the most affected drug classes. Ten of the 21 approvals with dose-related PMCs/PMRs fulfilled their dosing PMCs/PMRs, and 3 of the 10 (30%) had relevant label changes. CONCLUSION Most dose-related PMRs/PMCs were issued for NMEs. Of these, KIs and ADCs/PDCs were highly represented, reflecting their novelty and greater uncertainty around their safety profile. PMC/PMR issuance broadly increased over time. With the implementation of the FDA's Project Optimus in 2021, it remains to be seen whether fewer dose-related PMCs/PMRs emerge in future due to enhanced dose optimization in the premarketing setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Gendy
- Global Regulatory Affairs, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
| | - Naomi Nomura
- Global Regulatory Affairs, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Stuart
- Global Regulatory Affairs, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Gideon Blumenthal
- Global Regulatory Affairs, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
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21
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Subbaiah MAM, Rautio J, Meanwell NA. Prodrugs as empowering tools in drug discovery and development: recent strategic applications of drug delivery solutions to mitigate challenges associated with lead compounds and drug candidates. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2099-2210. [PMID: 38226865 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of a drug to a specific organ or tissue at an efficacious concentration is the pharmacokinetic (PK) hallmark of promoting effective pharmacological action at a target site with an acceptable safety profile. Sub-optimal pharmaceutical or ADME profiles of drug candidates, which can often be a function of inherently poor physicochemical properties, pose significant challenges to drug discovery and development teams and may contribute to high compound attrition rates. Medicinal chemists have exploited prodrugs as an informed strategy to productively enhance the profiles of new chemical entities by optimizing the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic properties as well as selectively delivering a molecule to the site of action as a means of addressing a range of limitations. While discovery scientists have traditionally employed prodrugs to improve solubility and membrane permeability, the growing sophistication of prodrug technologies has enabled a significant expansion of their scope and applications as an empowering tool to mitigate a broad range of drug delivery challenges. Prodrugs have emerged as successful solutions to resolve non-linear exposure, inadequate exposure to support toxicological studies, pH-dependent absorption, high pill burden, formulation challenges, lack of feasibility of developing solid and liquid dosage forms, first-pass metabolism, high dosing frequency translating to reduced patient compliance and poor site-specific drug delivery. During the period 2012-2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 50 prodrugs, which amounts to 13% of approved small molecule drugs, reflecting both the importance and success of implementing prodrug approaches in the pursuit of developing safe and effective drugs to address unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra Phase IV, Bangalore, PIN 560099, India.
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Choi Y, Choi Y, Hong S. Recent Technological and Intellectual Property Trends in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Research. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:221. [PMID: 38399275 PMCID: PMC10892729 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapy, an advanced therapeutic technology comprising antibodies, chemical linkers, and cytotoxic payloads, addresses the limitations of traditional chemotherapy. This study explores key elements of ADC therapy, focusing on antibody development, linker design, and cytotoxic payload delivery. The global rise in cancer incidence has driven increased investment in anticancer agents, resulting in significant growth in the ADC therapy market. Over the past two decades, notable progress has been made, with approvals for 14 ADC treatments targeting various cancers by 2022. Diverse ADC therapies for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have emerged, with numerous candidates currently undergoing clinical trials. Recent years have seen a noteworthy increase in ADC therapy clinical trials, marked by the initiation of numerous new therapies in 2022. Research and development, coupled with patent applications, have intensified, notably from major companies like Pfizer Inc. (New York, NY, USA), AbbVie Pharmaceuticals Inc. (USA), Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Tarrytown, NY, USA), and Seagen Inc. (Bothell, WA, USA). While ADC therapy holds great promise in anticancer treatment, challenges persist, including premature payload release and immune-related side effects. Ongoing research and innovation are crucial for advancing ADC therapy. Future developments may include novel conjugation methods, stable linker designs, efficient payload delivery technologies, and integration with nanotechnology, driving the evolution of ADC therapy in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbo Choi
- Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;
- Department of BigData, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbeen Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea;
| | - Surin Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea;
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Bataille Backer P, Adekiya TA, Kim Y, Reid TER, Thomas M, Adesina SK. Development of a Targeted SN-38-Conjugate for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2615-2628. [PMID: 38250376 PMCID: PMC10795035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and fatal brain tumor, with approximately 10,000 people diagnosed every year in the United States alone. The typical survival period for individuals with glioblastoma ranges from 12 to 18 months, with significant recurrence rates. Common therapeutic modalities for brain tumors are chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The main challenges with chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma are high toxicity, poor selectivity, and limited accumulation of therapeutic anticancer agents in brain tumors as a result of the presence of the blood-brain barrier. To overcome these challenges, researchers have explored strategies involving the combination of targeting peptides possessing a specific affinity for overexpressed cell-surface receptors with conventional chemotherapy agents via the prodrug approach. This approach results in the creation of peptide drug conjugates (PDCs), which facilitate traversal across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enable preferential accumulation of chemotherapy within the neoplastic microenvironment, and selectively target cancerous cells. This approach increases accumulation in tumors, thereby improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing toxicity. Leveraging the affinity of the HAIYPRH (T7) peptide for the transferrin receptor (TfR) overexpressed on the blood-brain barrier and glioma cells, a novel T7-SN-38 peptide drug conjugate was developed. The T7-SN-38 peptide drug conjugate demonstrates about a 2-fold reduction in glide score (binding affinity) compared to T7 while maintaining a comparable orientation within the TfR target site using Schrödinger-2022-3 Maestro 13.3 for ligand preparation and Glide SP-Peptide docking. Additionally, SN-38 extends into a solvent-accessible region, enhancing its susceptibility to protease hydrolysis at the cathepsin B (Cat B) cleavable site. The SN-38-ether-peptide drug conjugate displayed high stability in buffer at physiological pH, and cleavage of the conjugate to release free cytotoxic SN-38 was observed in the presence of exogenous cathepsin B. The synthesized peptide drug conjugate exhibited potent cytotoxic activities in cellular models of glioblastoma in vitro. In addition, blocking transferrin receptors using the free T7 peptide resulted in a notable inhibition of cytotoxicity of the conjugate, which was reversed when exogenous cathepsin B was added to cells. This work demonstrates the potential for targeted drug delivery to the brain in the treatment of glioblastoma using the transferrin receptor-targeted T7-SN-38 conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Yushin Kim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University
of Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097-2402, United States
| | - Terry-Elinor R. Reid
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Concordia University
of Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097-2402, United States
| | - Michael Thomas
- Department
of Biology, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Simeon K. Adesina
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington D.C. 20059, United States
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24
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Evers A, Krah S, Demir D, Gaa R, Elter D, Schroeter C, Zielonka S, Rasche N, Dotterweich J, Knuehl C, Doerner A. Engineering hydrophobicity and manufacturability for optimized biparatopic antibody-drug conjugates targeting c-MET. MAbs 2024; 16:2302386. [PMID: 38214660 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2302386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimal combinations of paratopes assembled into a biparatopic antibody have the capacity to mediate high-grade target cross-linking on cell membranes, leading to degradation of the target, as well as antibody and payload delivery in the case of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). In the work presented here, molecular docking suggested a suitable paratope combination targeting c-MET, but hydrophobic patches in essential binding regions of one moiety necessitated engineering. In addition to rational design of HCDR2 and HCDR3 mutations, site-specific spiking libraries were generated and screened in yeast and mammalian surface display approaches. Comparative analyses revealed similar positions amendable for hydrophobicity reduction, with a broad combinatorial diversity obtained from library outputs. Optimized variants showed high stability, strongly reduced hydrophobicity, retained affinities supporting the desired functionality and enhanced producibility. The resulting biparatopic anti-c-MET ADCs were comparably active on c-MET expressing tumor cell lines as REGN5093 exatecan DAR6 ADC. Structural molecular modeling of paratope combinations for preferential inter-target binding combined with protein engineering for manufacturability yielded deep insights into the capabilities of rational and library approaches. The methodologies of in silico hydrophobicity identification and sequence optimization could serve as a blueprint for rapid development of optimal biparatopic ADCs targeting further tumor-associated antigens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Evers
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Deniz Demir
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ramona Gaa
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Desislava Elter
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Zielonka
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rasche
- ADC and Targeted Therapeutics, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Christine Knuehl
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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25
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Shobeiri SS, Dashti M, Pordel S, Rezaee M, Haghnavaz N, Moghadam M, Ansari B, Sankian M. Topical anti-TNF-a ssDNA aptamer decreased the imiquimod induced psoriatic inflammation in BALB/c mice. Cytokine 2023; 172:156406. [PMID: 37879125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory factor that plays a pivotal role in psoriasis. Due to limitations of monoclonal antibody-based therapies, it is needed to discover new anti-TNF-α factors instead of usual anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibodies. Compared to antibodies, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules named aptamers, have advantages such as time-saving, less risk for immunogenicity and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic effects of T1-T4 dimer anti-TNF-ɑ ssDNA aptamer topical treatment in the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis animal model. METHODS 5% IMQ cream was prescribed on the right ear of BALB/c to induce psoriasis model. The hydrogel-containing anti-TNF-ɑ aptamer or treatment control aptamer (anti- Interleukin (IL)17A) was topically prescribed to the mice's ears 10 min before IMQ cream treatment. The psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score was used to evaluate psoriasis intensity. Histopathology analysis was done for mice ears sections. Mass, size, and cell number of mice spleens were measured. The IL-17 level was determined in culture supernatants of axillary lymph node cells using ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of IL-17A, IL-1β, STAT3, and S100a9, were evaluated in mice treated ear with quantitative Real Time-PCR. RESULTS The anti-TNF-ɑ ssDNA aptamer lower doses had significant decrease in IMQ-induced PASI score (p < 0.05). In addition, in these groups, the IL-17A, STAT3, and S100a9 mRNA levels were significantly lower than the IMQ group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION According to our findings, this aptamer seems to be a prospective candidate for treating psoriatic inflammation especially in lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dashti
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safoora Pordel
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - MohammadAli Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Navideh Haghnavaz
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Moghadam
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ansari
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Peng M, Chu X, Peng Y, Li D, Zhang Z, Wang W, Zhou X, Xiao D, Yang X. Targeted therapies in bladder cancer: signaling pathways, applications, and challenges. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e455. [PMID: 38107059 PMCID: PMC10724512 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in men. Understanding molecular characteristics via studying signaling pathways has made tremendous breakthroughs in BC therapies. Thus, targeted therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) have markedly improved advanced BC outcomes over the last few years. However, the considerable patients still progress after a period of treatment with current therapeutic regimens. Therefore, it is crucial to guide future drug development to improve BC survival, based on the molecular characteristics of BC and clinical outcomes of existing drugs. In this perspective, we summarize the applications and benefits of these targeted drugs and highlight our understanding of mechanisms of low response rates and immune escape of ICIs, ADCs toxicity, and TKI resistance. We also discuss potential solutions to these problems. In addition, we underscore the future drug development of targeting metabolic reprogramming and cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a deep understanding of their signaling pathways features. We expect that finding biomarkers, developing novo drugs and designing clinical trials with precisely selected patients and rationalized drugs will dramatically improve the quality of life and survival of patients with advanced BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Peng
- Department of PharmacyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xuetong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Duo Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Weifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan ProvinceThe Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan ProvinceKey Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of EducationDepartment of PharmacySchool of MedicineHunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Balamkundu S, Liu CF. Lysosomal-Cleavable Peptide Linkers in Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3080. [PMID: 38002080 PMCID: PMC10669454 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a powerful therapeutic modality for cancer treatment. ADCs are multi-functional biologics in which a disease-targeting antibody is conjugated to an effector payload molecule via a linker. The success of currently used ADCs has been largely attributed to the development of linker systems, which allow for the targeted release of cytocidal payload drugs inside cancer cells. Many lysosomal proteases are over expressed in human cancers. They can effectively cleave a variety of peptide sequences, which can be exploited for the design of ADC linker systems. As a well-established linker, valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyl carbamate (ValCitPABC) is used in many ADCs that are already approved or under preclinical and clinical development. Although ValCitPABC and related linkers are readily cleaved by cathepsins in the lysosome while remaining reasonably stable in human plasma, many studies have shown that they are susceptible to carboxylesterase 1C (Ces1C) in mouse and rat plasma, which hinders the preclinical evaluation of ADCs. Furthermore, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, two of the most commonly observed dose-limiting adverse effects of ADCs, are believed to result from the premature hydrolysis of ValCitPABC by human neutrophil elastase. In addition to ValCitPABC, the GGFG tetrapeptidyl-aminomethoxy linker is also cathepsin-cleavable and is used in the highly successful ADC drug, DS8201a. In addition to cathepsin-cleavable linkers, there is also growing interest in legumain-sensitive linkers for ADC development. Increasing plasma stability while maintaining lysosomal cleavability of ADC linkers is an objective of intensive current research. This review reports recent advances in the design and structure-activity relationship studies of various peptide/peptidomimetic linkers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
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Huet S, Zeisser Labouebe M, Castro R, Jacquot P, Pedrault J, Viollet S, Van Simaeys G, Doumont G, Larbanoix L, Zindy E, Cunha AE, Scapozza L, Cinier M. Targeted Nanofitin-drug Conjugates Achieve Efficient Tumor Delivery and Therapeutic Effect in an EGFRpos Mouse Xenograft Model. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1343-1351. [PMID: 37578807 PMCID: PMC10618730 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Adjusting the molecular size, the valency and the pharmacokinetics of drug conjugates are as many leverages to improve their therapeutic window, notably by affecting tumor penetration, renal clearance, and short systemic exposure. In that regard, small tumor-targeting ligands are gaining attention. In this study, we demonstrate the benefits of the small Nanofitin alternative scaffolds (7 kDa) as selective tumor-targeting modules for the generation of drug conjugates, focusing on Nanofitins B10 and D8 directed against the EGFR. Owing to their small size and monovalent format, the two Nanofitins displayed a fast and deep tumor penetration in EGFR-positive A431 xenografts in BALB/c nude mice after intravenous administration, yielding to a targeting of respectively 67.9% ± 14.1 and 98.9% ± 0.7 of the tumor cells as demonstrated by IHC. Conjugation with the monomethyl auristatin E toxin provided homogeneous Nanofitin-drug conjugates, with an overall yield of ≥97%, for in vivo assessment in a curative xenograft model using bioluminescent, EGFR-positive, A431 cells in BALB/c nude mice. Internalization was found critical for efficient release of the toxin. Hence, the intravenous administration of the D8-based construct showed significant antitumor effect in vivo as determined by monitoring tumor volumes and bioluminescence levels over 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magali Zeisser Labouebe
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rute Castro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Gaetan Van Simaeys
- CMMI, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
| | - Gilles Doumont
- CMMI, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
| | - Lionel Larbanoix
- CMMI, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université de Mons, Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
| | - Egor Zindy
- CMMI, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi (Gosselies), Belgium
| | - António E. Cunha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Fu Z, Gao C, Wu T, Wang L, Li S, Zhang Y, Shi C. Peripheral neuropathy associated with monomethyl auristatin E-based antibody-drug conjugates. iScience 2023; 26:107778. [PMID: 37727735 PMCID: PMC10505985 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the successful approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a pivotal category of targeted therapies for cancer. Among these ADCs, the use of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as a payload is prevalent in the development of ADC drugs, which has significantly improved overall therapeutic efficacy against various malignancies. However, increasing clinical observations have raised concerns regarding the potential nervous system toxicity associated with MMAE-based ADCs. Specifically, a higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy has been reported in ADCs incorporating MMAE as payloads. Considering the increasing global use of MMAE-based ADCs, it is imperative to provide an inclusive overview of diagnostic and management strategies for this adverse event. In this review, we examine current information and what future research directions are required to better understand and manage this type of clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430000, China
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Meric-Bernstam F, Calvo E, Lee KS, Moreno V, Park YH, Rha SY, Chalasani P, Zhong W, Zhou L, Pirie-Shepherd S, Leung AC, Curigliano G. Safety and Tolerability of a Novel Anti-HER2 Antibody-Drug Conjugate (PF-06804103) in Patients with HER2-Expressing Solid Tumors: A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1191-1203. [PMID: 37420274 PMCID: PMC10543980 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PF-06804103 is an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with auristatin payload. We evaluated its safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity in patients with advanced/unresectable or metastatic breast and gastric cancers. This multicenter, open-label, first-in-human, phase 1 study (NCT03284723) comprised dose escalation (P1) and dose expansion (P2). In P1, adults with HER2+ breast or gastric cancer received PF-06804103 0.15-5.0 mg/kg intravenously once/21 days (Q3W); in P2, patients with HER2+ or HER2-low (IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH-) breast cancer received 3.0 or 4.0 mg/kg Q3W. The primary endpoints were dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and safety (P1), and objective response rate (ORR) assessed using RECIST v1.1 (P2). Ninety-three patients enrolled in P1 (n = 47: HER2+ gastric cancer = 22, HER2+ breast cancer = 25) and P2 [n = 46: HER2+ breast cancer = 19, hormone receptor (HR)+ HER2-low breast cancer = 27] received PF-06804103. Four patients (3.0- and 4.0-mg/kg groups, n = 2 each) had DLTs (mostly Grade 3). Safety and efficacy results showed a dose-response relationship. Adverse events (AE) leading to treatment discontinuation (44/93, 47.3%) included neuropathy (11/93, 11.8%), skin toxicity (9/93, 9.7%), myalgia (5/93, 5.4%), keratitis (3/93, 3.2%), and arthralgia (2/93, 2.2%). Two (2/79, 2.5%) patients (P1, 4.0- and 5.0-mg/kg groups, n = 1 each) achieved complete response; 21 (21/79, 26.6%) achieved partial response. In P2, ORR was higher in HER2+ compared with HR+ HER2-low breast cancer [3.0 mg/kg: 16.7% (2/12) vs. 10.0% (1/10); 4.0 mg/kg: 47.4% (9/19) vs. 27.3% (3/11)]. PF-06804103 demonstrated antitumor activity; however, AEs led to discontinuation in 47.3% of patients. Safety and efficacy were dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-CIOCC, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Wei Zhong
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Li Zhou
- Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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31
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Wang Z, Li H, Gou L, Li W, Wang Y. Antibody-drug conjugates: Recent advances in payloads. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4025-4059. [PMID: 37799390 PMCID: PMC10547921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs), which combine the advantages of monoclonal antibodies with precise targeting and payloads with efficient killing, show great clinical therapeutic value. The ADCs' payloads play a key role in determining the efficacy of ADC drugs and thus have attracted great attention in the field. An ideal ADC payload should possess sufficient toxicity, low immunogenicity, high stability, and modifiable functional groups. Common ADC payloads include tubulin inhibitors and DNA damaging agents, with tubulin inhibitors accounting for more than half of the ADC drugs in clinical development. However, due to clinical limitations of traditional ADC payloads, such as inadequate efficacy and the development of acquired drug resistance, novel highly efficient payloads with diverse targets and reduced side effects are being developed. This perspective summarizes the recent research advances of traditional and novel ADC payloads with main focuses on the structure-activity relationship studies, co-crystal structures, and designing strategies, and further discusses the future research directions of ADC payloads. This review also aims to provide valuable references and future directions for the development of novel ADC payloads that will have high efficacy, low toxicity, adequate stability, and abilities to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
| | - Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lantu Gou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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Shivatare VS, Huang HW, Tseng TH, Chuang PK, Zeng YF, Wong CH. Probing the Internalization and Efficacy of Antibody-Drug Conjugate via Site-Specific Fc-Glycan Labelling of a Homogeneous Antibody Targeting SSEA-4 Bearing Tumors. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202300042. [PMID: 38348405 PMCID: PMC10861153 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADC) are an emerging class of pharmaceuticals consisting of cytotoxic agents covalently attached to an antibody designed to target a specific cancer cell surface molecule followed by internalization and intracellular release of payload to exhibit its anticancer activity. Targeted delivery of cytotoxic payload to a variety of specific cells has been demonstrated to have significant enhancement in clinical efficacy and dramatic reduction in off-target toxicity. Site-specific conjugation of payload to the antibody is highly desirable for development of ADC with well-defined antibody-to-drug ratio, enhanced internalization, reduced toxicity, improved stability, desired pharmacological profile and optimal therapeutic index. Here, we reported a site-specific conjugation strategy for evaluation of antibody internalization and efficacy of ADC designed to target SSEA4 on solid tumors. This strategy stems from the azido-fucose tag of a homogeneous antibody Fc-glycan generated via in vitro glycoengineering approach for site-specific conjugation and optimization of antibody-drug ratio to exhibit optimal efficacy. The ADC consisting of a chimeric anti-SSEA4 antibody chMC813-70, conjugated to the antineo-plastic agent monomethyl auristatin E via both cleavable and non-cleavable linkers showed excellent cytotoxicity profile towards SSEA4-bearing cancer cells. A clear distinction in cytotoxicity was observed among cancer cells with different SSEA4 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya S Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Han-Wen Huang
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Tseng
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Po-Kai Chuang
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yi-Fang Zeng
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Riccardi F, Dal Bo M, Macor P, Toffoli G. A comprehensive overview on antibody-drug conjugates: from the conceptualization to cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1274088. [PMID: 37790810 PMCID: PMC10544916 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1274088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative class of potent anti-cancer compounds that are widely used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Unlike conventional chemotherapeutic drug-based therapies, that are mainly associated with modest specificity and therapeutic benefit, the three key components that form an ADC (a monoclonal antibody bound to a cytotoxic drug via a chemical linker moiety) achieve remarkable improvement in terms of targeted killing of cancer cells and, while sparing healthy tissues, a reduction in systemic side effects caused by off-tumor toxicity. Based on their beneficial mechanism of action, 15 ADCs have been approved to date by the market approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and/or other international governmental agencies for use in clinical oncology, and hundreds are undergoing evaluation in the preclinical and clinical phases. Here, our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the key features revolving around ADC therapeutic strategy including their structural and targeting properties, mechanism of action, the role of the tumor microenvironment and review the approved ADCs in clinical oncology, providing discussion regarding their toxicity profile, clinical manifestations and use in novel combination therapies. Finally, we briefly review ADCs in other pathological contexts and provide key information regarding ADC manufacturing and analytical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riccardi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Yang J, Bae H. Drug conjugates for targeting regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment: guided missiles for cancer treatment. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1996-2004. [PMID: 37653036 PMCID: PMC10545761 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in suppressing anticancer immune responses; therefore, various strategies targeting Tregs are becoming important for tumor therapy. To prevent the side effects of nonspecific Treg depletion, such as immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAEs), therapeutic strategies that specifically target Tregs in the TME are being investigated. Tumor-targeting drug conjugates are efficient drugs in which a cytotoxic payload is assembled into a carrier that binds Tregs via a linker. By allowing the drug to act selectively on target cells, this approach has the advantage of increasing the therapeutic effect and minimizing the side effects of immunotherapy. Antibody-drug conjugates, immunotoxins, peptide-drug conjugates, and small interfering RNA conjugates are being developed as Treg-targeting drug conjugates. In this review, we discuss key themes and recent advances in drug conjugates targeting Tregs in the TME, as well as future design strategies for successful use of drug conjugates for Treg targeting in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Yang
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mckertish CM, Kayser V. A Novel Dual-Payload ADC for the Treatment of HER2+ Breast and Colon Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2020. [PMID: 37631234 PMCID: PMC10459570 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated a great therapeutic potential against cancer due to their target specificity and cytotoxicity. To exert a maximum therapeutic effect on cancerous cells, we have conjugated two different payloads to different amino acids, cysteines (cys) and lysines (lys), on trastuzumab, which is a humanised anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. First, trastuzumab was conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), an antimitotic agent, through a cleavable linker (Val-Cit) to prepare ADC (Tmab-VcMMAE). Then, the ADC (Tmab-VcMMAE) was conjugated with a second antimitotic agent, Mertansine (DM1), via a non-cleavable linker Succinimidyl-4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) to form a dual conjugate (Tmab-VcMMAE-SMCC-DM1). Our results indicated that the dual-payload conjugate, Tmab-VcMMAE-SMCC-DM1, had a synergistic and superior cytotoxic effect compared to trastuzumab alone. Ultimately employing a dual conjugation approach has the potential to overcome treatment-resistance and tumour recurrences and could pave the way to employ other payloads to construct dual (or multiple) payload complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veysel Kayser
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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36
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Hurwitz J, Haggstrom LR, Lim E. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Ushering in a New Era of Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2017. [PMID: 37631232 PMCID: PMC10458257 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have provided new therapeutic options and significant promise for patients with cancer, particularly where existing treatments are limited. Substantial effort in ADC development is underway globally, with 13 ADCs currently approved and many more in development. The therapeutic benefits of ADCs leverage the ability to selectively target cancer cells through antibody binding, resultant relative sparing of non-malignant tissues, and the targeted delivery of a cytotoxic payload. Consequently, this drug class has demonstrated activity in multiple malignancies refractory to standard therapeutic options. Despite this, limitations exist, including narrow therapeutic windows, unique toxicity profiles, development of therapeutic resistance, and appropriate biomarker selection. This review will describe the development of ADCs, their mechanisms of action, pivotal trials, and approved indications and identify common themes. Current challenges and opportunities will be discussed for this drug class in cancer therapeutics at a time when significant developments in antibody therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted agents are occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hurwitz
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | | | - Elgene Lim
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2053, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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37
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Kiss B, Borbély J. Business Risk Mitigation in the Development Process of New Monoclonal Antibody Drug Conjugates for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1761. [PMID: 37376209 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments aim to extend the cytotoxic effect and therapeutic window of mAbs by constructing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), in which the targeting moiety is the mAb that is linked to a highly toxic drug. According to a report from mid of last year, the global ADCs market accounted for USD 1387 million in 2016 and was worth USD 7.82 billion in 2022. It is estimated to increase in value to USD 13.15 billion by 2030. One of the critical points is the linkage of any substituent to the functional group of the mAb. Increasing the efficacy against cancer cells' highly cytotoxic molecules (warheads) are connected biologically. The connections are completed by different types of linkers, or there are efforts to add biopolymer-based nanoparticles, including chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, a combination of ADC technology and nanomedicine opened a new pathway. To fulfill the scientific knowledge for this complex development, our aim is to write an overview article that provides a basic introduction to ADC which describes the current and future opportunities in therapeutic areas and markets. Through this approach, we show which development directions are relevant both in terms of therapeutic area and market potential. Opportunities to reduce business risks are presented as new development principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kiss
- Faculty of Economics, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- BBS Dominus LLC, 4225 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Borbély
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- BBS Biochemicals LLC, 4225 Debrecen, Hungary
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Nawrocka D, Krzyscik MA, Sluzalska KD, Otlewski J. Dual-Warhead Conjugate Based on Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Dimer Loaded with α-Amanitin and Monomethyl Auristatin E Exhibits Superior Cytotoxicity towards Cancer Cells Overproducing Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10143. [PMID: 37373291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancers associated with alterations in the FGFR1 gene. In this study, we developed a highly cytotoxic bioconjugate based on fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which is a natural ligand of this receptor, and two potent cytotoxic drugs-α-amanitin and monomethyl auristatin E-with completely independent mechanistic modes of action. Utilizing recombinant DNA technology, we produced an FGF2 N- to C-end dimer that exhibited superior internalization capacity in FGFR1-positive cells. The drugs were site-specifically attached to the targeting protein using SnoopLigase- and evolved sortase A-mediated ligations. The resulting dimeric dual-warhead conjugate selectively binds to the FGFR1 and utilizes receptor-mediated endocytosis to enter the cells. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the developed conjugate exhibits about 10-fold higher cytotoxic potency against FGFR1-positive cell lines than an equimolar mixture of single-warhead conjugates. The diversified mode of action of the dual-warhead conjugate may help to overcome the potential acquired resistance of FGFR1-overproducing cancer cells to single cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Nawrocka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adam Krzyscik
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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Sun T, Niu X, He Q, Liu M, Qiao S, Qi RQ. Development, efficacy and side effects of antibody‑drug conjugates for cancer therapy (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 18:47. [PMID: 37206431 PMCID: PMC10189422 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are anticancer drugs that combine cytotoxic small-molecule drugs (payloads) with monoclonal antibodies through a chemical linker and that transfer toxic payloads to tumor cells expressing target antigens. All ADCs are based on human IgG. In 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved gemtuzumab ozogamicin as the initial first-generation ADC. Since then, at least 100 ADC-related projects have been initiated, and 14 ADCs are currently being tested in clinical trials. The limited success of gemtuzumab ozogamicin has led to the development of optimization strategies for the next generation of drugs. Subsequently, experts have improved the first-generation ADCs and have developed second-generation ADCs such as ado-trastuzumab emtansine. Second-generation ADCs have higher specific antigen levels, more stable linkers and longer half-lives and show great potential to transform cancer treatment models. Since the first two generations of ADCs have served as a good foundation, the development of ADCs is accelerating, and third-generation ADCs, represented by trastuzumab deruxtecan, are ready for wide application. Third-generation ADCs are characterized by strong pharmacokinetics and high pharmaceutical activity, and their drug-to-antibody ratio mainly ranges from 2 to 4. In the past decade, the research prospects of ADCs have broadened, and an increasing number of specific antigen targets and mechanisms of cytotoxic drug release have been discovered and studied. To date, seven ADCs have been approved by the FDA for lymphoma, and three have been approved to treat breast cancer. The present review explores the function and development of ADCs and their clinical use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xueli Niu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Rui-Qun Qi or Mrs. Shuai Qiao, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Ministry of Education and NHC, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Rui-Qun Qi or Mrs. Shuai Qiao, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Shi D, Li Y, Liang X, Chen L. Cost-effectiveness of sacituzumab govitecan in hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1162360. [PMID: 37251935 PMCID: PMC10213649 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1162360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The efficiency and safety of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) for the therapy of hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (BC) has been demonstrated. The aim of this study is to evaluate its cost-effectiveness on HR+/HER2- metastatic BC from the third-party payer perspective in the United States. Methods We performed the cost-effectiveness of SG and chemotherapy using a partitioned survival model. TROPiCS-02 provided clinical patients for this study. We evaluated the robustness of this study by one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analyses were also conducted. The outcomes were costs, life-years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), incremental net health benefit (INHB), and incremental net monetary benefit (INMB). Results SG treatment was related to an increase of 0.284 life years and 0.217 QALYs over chemotherapy, as well as a cost increase of $132,689, reaching an ICER of $612,772/QALY. The INHB was -0.668 QALYs, and the INMB was -$100,208. SG was not cost-effective at the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000/QALY. The outcomes were sensitive to patient body weight and cost of SG. SG may be cost-effective at the WTP threshold of $150,000/QALY if the price is less than $3.997/mg or the weight of patients is under 19.88 kg. Based on the subgroup analysis, SG did not prove cost-effective in all subgroups at the WTP threshold of $150,000/QALY. Conclusion From a third-party payer standpoint in the United States, SG was not cost-effective, even though it had a clinically significant advantage over chemotherapy for the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic BC. The cost-effectiveness of SG can be improved if the price is substantially reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Shi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Hechi, Hechi, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueyan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lingyuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People’s Hospital of Hechi, Hechi, Guangxi, China
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Maiti R, Patel B, Patel N, Patel M, Patel A, Dhanesha N. Antibody drug conjugates as targeted cancer therapy: past development, present challenges and future opportunities. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:361-388. [PMID: 37071273 PMCID: PMC11345756 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising cancer therapeutics with minimal toxicity as compared to small cytotoxic molecules alone and have shown the evidence to overcome resistance against tumor and prevent relapse of cancer. The ADC has a potential to change the paradigm of cancer chemotherapeutic treatment. At present, 13 ADCs have been approved by USFDA for the treatment of various types of solid tumor and haematological malignancies. This review covers the three structural components of an ADC-antibody, linker, and cytotoxic payload-along with their respective structure, chemistry, mechanism of action, and influence on the activity of ADCs. It covers comprehensive insight on structural role of linker towards efficacy, stability & toxicity of ADCs, different types of linkers & various conjugation techniques. A brief overview of various analytical techniques used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ADC is summarized. The current challenges of ADCs, such as heterogeneity, bystander effect, protein aggregation, inefficient internalization or poor penetration into tumor cells, narrow therapeutic index, emergence of resistance, etc., are outlined along with recent advances and future opportunities for the development of more promising next-generation ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwik Maiti
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Nrupesh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Alkesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirav Dhanesha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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Subhan MA, Torchilin VP. Advances in Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer with Antibody-Drug Conjugate. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041242. [PMID: 37111727 PMCID: PMC10144345 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a potential and promising therapy for a wide variety of cancers, including breast cancer. ADC-based drugs represent a rapidly growing field of breast cancer therapy. Various ADC drug therapies have progressed over the past decade and have generated diverse opportunities for designing of state-of-the-art ADCs. Clinical progress with ADCs for the targeted therapy of breast cancer have shown promise. Off-target toxicities and drug resistance to ADC-based therapy have hampered effective therapy development due to the intracellular mechanism of action and limited antigen expression on breast tumors. However, innovative non-internalizing ADCs targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) component and extracellular payload delivery mechanisms have led to reduced drug resistance and enhanced ADC effectiveness. Novel ADC drugs may deliver potent cytotoxic agents to breast tumor cells with reduced off-target effects, which may overcome difficulties related to delivery efficiency and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic cancer drugs for breast cancer therapy. This review discusses the development of ADC-based targeted breast cancer therapy and the clinical translation of ADC drugs for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine (CPBN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Eastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Eastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kumar S, Sherman MY. Resistance to TOP-1 Inhibitors: Good Old Drugs Still Can Surprise Us. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087233. [PMID: 37108395 PMCID: PMC10138578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (SN-38) is a potent and broad-spectrum anticancer drug that targets DNA topoisomerase I (Top1). It exerts its cytotoxic effects by binding to the Top1-DNA complex and preventing the re-ligation of the DNA strand, leading to the formation of lethal DNA breaks. Following the initial response to irinotecan, secondary resistance is acquired relatively rapidly, compromising its efficacy. There are several mechanisms contributing to the resistance, which affect the irinotecan metabolism or the target protein. In addition, we have demonstrated a major resistance mechanism associated with the elimination of hundreds of thousands of Top1 binding sites on DNA that can arise from the repair of prior Top1-dependent DNA cleavages. Here, we outline the major mechanisms of irinotecan resistance and highlight recent advancements in the field. We discuss the impact of resistance mechanisms on clinical outcomes and the potential strategies to overcome resistance to irinotecan. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of irinotecan resistance can provide valuable insights for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Michael Y Sherman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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44
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de Jong E, Kocer A. Current Methods for Identifying Plasma Membrane Proteins as Cancer Biomarkers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:409. [PMID: 37103836 PMCID: PMC10142483 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane proteins are a special class of biomolecules present on the cellular membrane. They provide the transport of ions, small molecules, and water in response to internal and external signals, define a cell's immunological identity, and facilitate intra- and intercellular communication. Since they are vital to almost all cellular functions, their mutants, or aberrant expression is linked to many diseases, including cancer, where they are a part of cancer cell-specific molecular signatures and phenotypes. In addition, their surface-exposed domains make them exciting biomarkers for targeting by imaging agents and drugs. This review looks at the challenges in identifying cancer-related cell membrane proteins and the current methodologies that solve most of the challenges. We classified the methodologies as biased, i.e., search cells for the presence of already known membrane proteins. Second, we discuss the unbiased methods that can identify proteins without prior knowledge of what they are. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of membrane proteins on the early detection and treatment of cancer.
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45
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Griffin P, Hill WA, Rossi F, Boohaker R, Stinson K, Sherman I. High anti-tumor activity of a novel alpha-fetoprotein-maytansinoid conjugate targeting alpha-fetoprotein receptors in colorectal cancer xenograft model. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:60. [PMID: 37016369 PMCID: PMC10074858 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha-fetoprotein receptor (AFPR) is a novel target for cancer therapeutics. It is expressed on most cancers and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) but generally absent on normal tissues. Studies were performed to investigate the use of recombinant human AFP (ACT-101) conjugated with maytansinoid toxins for targeted toxin delivery to cancer. Four structurally different ACT-101-maytansinoid conjugates containing cleavable glutathione sensitive linkers were initially investigated in a mouse xenograft model of colorectal cancer. Reduction in tumor volume was seen for all four conjugates compared to control (p < 0.05). The anti-tumor effects of the conjugate selected for further development (ACT-903) persisted after treatment discontinuation, with tumors becoming undetectable in 9 of 10 mice, and all 10 mice surviving through Day 60 with no obvious signs of toxicity. A follow-up study performed in the same model compared the effects of single intravenous doses of ACT-903 (10-50 mg/kg) to that of control groups receiving vehicle or ACT-101. A significant reduction of tumor burden compared to control was achieved in the 40 and 50 mg/kg dose groups. Survival was significantly prolonged in these 2 groups (40 mg/kg (p < 0.0001); 50 mg/kg (p = 0.0037). Free maytansine blood levels at 4 h were 0.008% of the dose, indicating stability of the conjugate in circulation as was expected based on in vitro plasma stability studies. No obvious signs of toxicity were seen in any of the treated groups. Observed efficacy and excellent tolerability of ACT-903 in these xenograft models support advancing the development of ACT-903 toward clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Griffin
- Biocatalyst4Development Inc., 33 Markham Road, Scarborough, ON, M1M 2Z5, Canada
| | - Wendy A Hill
- Biocatalyst4Development Inc., 33 Markham Road, Scarborough, ON, M1M 2Z5, Canada
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22-3AT, UK
| | - Rebecca Boohaker
- Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Karr Stinson
- Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Igor Sherman
- Alpha Cancer Technologies Inc., MaRS Centre-South Tower, 200-101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Zhang L, Aragon-Sanabria V, Aditya A, Marelli M, Cao T, Chen F, Yoo B, Ma K, Zhuang L, Cailleau T, Masterson L, Turker MZ, Lee R, DeLeon G, Monette S, Colombo R, Christie RJ, Zanzonico P, Wiesner U, Subramony JA, Bradbury MS. Engineered Ultrasmall Nanoparticle Drug-Immune Conjugates with "Hit and Run" Tumor Delivery to Eradicate Gastric Cancer. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2200209. [PMID: 37007587 PMCID: PMC10061546 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202370009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances by recently approved antibody-drug conjugates in treating advanced gastric cancer patients, substantial limitations remain. Here, several key obstacles are overcome by developing a first-in-class ultrasmall (sub-8-nanometer (nm)) anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeting drug-immune conjugate nanoparticle therapy. This multivalent fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticle bears multiple anti-HER2 single-chain variable fragments (scFv), topoisomerase inhibitors, and deferoxamine moieties. Most surprisingly, drawing upon its favorable physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, clearance, and target-specific dual-modality imaging properties in a "hit and run" approach, this conjugate eradicated HER2-expressing gastric tumors without any evidence of tumor regrowth, while exhibiting a wide therapeutic index. Therapeutic response mechanisms are accompanied by the activation of functional markers, as well as pathway-specific inhibition. Results highlight the potential clinical utility of this molecularly engineered particle drug-immune conjugate and underscore the versatility of the base platform as a carrier for conjugating an array of other immune products and payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anusha Aditya
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marcello Marelli
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Tianye Cao
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Barney Yoo
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kai Ma
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Thais Cailleau
- AstraZeneca, Spirogen, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, UK
| | - Luke Masterson
- AstraZeneca, Spirogen, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, UK
| | - Melik Z Turker
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gabriel DeLeon
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Raffaele Colombo
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Ronald J Christie
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J Anand Subramony
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Michelle S Bradbury
- Department of Radiology, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- MSK-Cornell Center for Translation of Cancer Nanomedicines, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Leong S, Lam HPJ, Kirkham Z, Popat R. Antibody drug conjugates for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2023; 98 Suppl 2:S22-S34. [PMID: 36199262 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The treatment landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved substantially, but it remains largely incurable so new treatment options are required. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging therapeutic class used in Cancer to deliver targeted therapy. ADCs are composed of three components, an antibody, a chemical linker and a payload which must be chosen carefully to be effective and safe. This alternative mechanism of action to standard treatments makes ADCs an attractive class for further development. However, several ADCs have been investigated but many have not moved further than phase 1 trials, highlighting the challenges in designing an effective and tolerable ADC. Belantamab Mafodotin is currently the only ADC licensed for MM although others are currently under evaluation. Belantamab Mafodotin demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy in triple class exposed patients and combinations are under development which maintain safety with encouraging efficacy particularly at earlier lines of therapy. Retaining an acceptable adverse event profile for ADCs remains vital for their success. Strategies to mitigate ocular events for Belantamab Mafodotin involve lower and less frequent dosing as well as the use of gamma secretase inhibitors. The optimal sequencing of ADCs within the treatment pathway including novel immunotherapies is now under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Leong
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Clinical Research Facility, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ho Pui Jeff Lam
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Clinical Research Facility, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zoe Kirkham
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Clinical Research Facility, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rakesh Popat
- National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Clinical Research Facility, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Mjaess G, Aoun F, Rassy E, Diamand R, Albisinni S, Roumeguère T. Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Prostate Cancer: Where Are we? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:171-174. [PMID: 35999150 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) reflect a new promising approach in prostate cancer, even more so after the practice-changing results in other malignancies, either hematologic or solid. ADCs consist of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeted at specific antigens overly expressed on cancer cells compared to normal cells. A cytotoxic payload is attached to the mAb using a stable linker. In prostate cancer, PSMA, STEAP1, TROP2, CD46 and B7-H3 are antigens currently being studied as targets for ADCs. In this paper, we discuss the composition of ADCs and focus on their application and challenges as treatment options in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Mjaess
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fouad Aoun
- Department of Urology, Hotel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris, France
| | - Romain Diamand
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simone Albisinni
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Roumeguère
- Department of Urology, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Gonzalez P, Debnath S, Chen YA, Hernandez E, Jha P, Dakanali M, Hsieh JT, Sun X. A Theranostic Small-Molecule Prodrug Conjugate for Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:481. [PMID: 36839802 PMCID: PMC9967013 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After androgen deprivation therapy, a significant number of prostate cancer cases progress with a therapy-resistant neuroendocrine phenotype (NEPC). This represents a challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Based on our previously reported design of theranostic small-molecule prodrug conjugates (T-SMPDCs), herein we report a T-SMPDC tailored for targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and chemotherapy of NEPC. The T-SMPDC is built upon a triazine core (TZ) to present three functionalities: (1) a chelating moiety (DOTA: 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) for PET imaging when labeled with 68Ga (t1/2 = 68 min) or other relevant radiometals; (2) an octreotide (Octr) that targets the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), which is overexpressed in the innervated tumor microenvironment (TME); and (3) fingolimod, FTY720-an antagonist of sphingosine kinase 1 that is an intracellular enzyme upregulated in NEPC. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains were incorporated via conventional conjugation methods or a click chemistry reaction forming a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole (Trz) linkage for the optimization of in vivo kinetics as necessary. The T-SMPDC, DOTA-PEG3-TZ(PEG4-Octr)-PEG2-Trz-PEG3-Val-Cit-pABOC-FTY720 (PEGn: PEG with n repeating ethyleneoxy units (n = 2, 3, or 4); Val: valine; Cit: citrulline; pABOC: p-amino-benzyloxycarbonyl), showed selective SSTR2 binding and mediated internalization of the molecule in SSTR2 high cells. Release of FTY720 was observed when the T-SMPDC was exposed to cathepsin B, and the released FTY720 exerted cytotoxicity in cells. In vivo PET imaging showed significantly higher accumulation (2.1 ± 0.3 %ID/g; p = 0.02) of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-PEG3-TZ(PEG4-Octr)-PEG2-Trz-PEG3-Val-Cit-pABOC-FTY720 in SSTR2high prostate cancer xenografts than in the SSTR2low xenografts (1.5 ± 0.4 %ID/g) at 13 min post-injection (p.i.) with a rapid excretion through the kidneys. Taken together, these proof-of-concept results validate the design concept of the T-SMPDC, which may hold a great potential for targeted diagnosis and therapy of NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gonzalez
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Preeti Jha
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marianna Dakanali
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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50
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Huysamen A, Fadeyi OE, Mayuni G, Dogbey DM, Mungra N, Biteghe FAN, Hardcastle N, Ramamurthy D, Akinrinmade OA, Naran K, Cooper S, Lang D, Richter W, Hunter R, Barth S. Click Chemistry-Generated Auristatin F-Linker-Benzylguanine for a SNAP-Tag-Based Recombinant Antibody-Drug Conjugate Demonstrating Selective Cytotoxicity toward EGFR-Overexpressing Tumor Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4026-4037. [PMID: 36743041 PMCID: PMC9893251 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are bifunctional molecules combining the targeting potential of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing ability of cytotoxic drugs. This simple yet intelligently designed system directly addresses the lack of specificity encountered with conventional anti-cancer treatment regimes. However, despite their initial success, the generation of clinically sustainable and effective ADCs has been plagued by poor tumor penetration, undefined chemical linkages, unpredictable pharmacokinetic profiles, and heterogeneous mixtures of products. To this end, we generated a SNAP-tag-based fusion protein targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-a biomarker of aggressive and drug-resistant cancers. Here, we demonstrate the use of a novel click coupling strategy to engineer a benzylguanine (BG)-linker-auristatin F (AuriF) piece that can be covalently tethered to the EGFR-targeting SNAP-tag-based fusion protein in an irreversible 1:1 stoichiometric reaction to form a homogeneous product. Furthermore, using these recombinant ADCs to target EGFR-overexpressing tumor cells, we provide a proof-of-principle for generating biologically active antimitotic therapeutic proteins capable of inducing cell death in a dose-dependent manner, thus alleviating some of the challenges of early ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan
M. Huysamen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, PD Hahn Building, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Olaolu E. Fadeyi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, PD Hahn Building, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Grace Mayuni
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Dennis M. Dogbey
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Neelakshi Mungra
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- Centre
for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle
Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, United States
| | - Fleury A. N. Biteghe
- Department
of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Natasha Hardcastle
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Dharanidharan Ramamurthy
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Olusiji A. Akinrinmade
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Krupa Naran
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Susan Cooper
- Division
of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Division
of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | | | - Roger Hunter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, PD Hahn Building, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical
Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious
Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- South
African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative
Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape
Town 7700, South Africa
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