1
|
Bernardelli de Mattos I, Tuca AC, Kukla F, Lemarchand T, Markovic D, Kamolz LP, Funk M. A Highly Standardized Pre-Clinical Porcine Wound Healing Model Powered by Semi-Automated Histological Analysis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1697. [PMID: 39200162 PMCID: PMC11351733 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The wound-healing process is a physiological response that begins after a disruption to the integrity of tissues present in the skin. To understand the intricacies involved in this process, many groups have tried to develop different in vitro models; however, the lack of a systemic response has, until this day, been the major barrier to the establishment of these models as the main study platform. Therefore, in vivo models are still the most common system for studying healing responses following different treatments, especially porcine models, which share several morphological similarities to the human skin. In this work, we developed a porcine excisional wound model and used semi-automated software as a strategy to generate quantitative morphometric results of healing responses by specific tissues and compartments. Our aim was to extract the most information from the model while producing reliable, reproducible, and standardized results. In order to achieve this, we established a 7-day treatment using a bacterial cellulose dressing as our standard for all the analyzed wounds. The thickness of the residual dermis under the wound (DUtW) bed was shown to influence the healing outcome, especially for the regeneration of epidermal tissue, including the wound closure rate. The analysis of the DUtW throughout the entire dorsal region of the animals opened up the possibility of establishing a map that will facilitate the experimental design of future works, increasing their standardization and reproducibility and ultimately reducing the number of animals needed. Thus, the developed model, together with the automated morphometric analysis approach used, offers the possibility to generate robust quantitative results with a rapid turnaround time while allowing the study of multiple extra morphometric parameters, creating a more holistic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ives Bernardelli de Mattos
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
- EVOMEDIS GmbH, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Alexandru C. Tuca
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Fabian Kukla
- TPL Path Labs GmbH, A Stagebio Company, 79111 Freiburg, Germany; (F.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Thomas Lemarchand
- TPL Path Labs GmbH, A Stagebio Company, 79111 Freiburg, Germany; (F.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Danijel Markovic
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Lars P. Kamolz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, COREMED, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weissinger H, Knetzger N, Cleve C, Lotz C. Impedance-based in vitro eye irritation testing enables the categorization of diluted chemicals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6216. [PMID: 38486034 PMCID: PMC10940615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Products containing chemicals with eye irritation potential need to be labeled with the respective hazard symbol. To avoid the testing of numerous dilutions of chemicals on animals, their labeling is directed by a theoretical approach. In this report, a previously described in vitro tissue model of the cornea based on human epithelial cells was used for eye irritation testing of dilutions. As a sensitive and non-destructive method to analyze the barrier function of the epithelium, impedance spectroscopy was applied. Moreover, the morphology and viability of the epithelial models were assessed. We tested four chemicals that, neatly, cause severe damage to the eye: tetrahydrofuran, acetic acid, diethylethanolamine, and benzalkonium chloride. With our test method, we were able to determine the concentrations of the chemicals which are critical for the integrity of the cornea. The threshold was < 0.1% for the most and > 5% for the least toxic substance. The described test system is not only an alternative for animal models but also for the theoretical examination of the hazard potential of diluted chemicals. By using the advantages of tissue engineering and non-destructive analysis tools, we can achieve more precise and safer labeling of the eye irritation potential of products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Weissinger
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Knetzger
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Cleve
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Lotz
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany.
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mulder PP, Vlig M, Elgersma A, Rozemeijer L, Mastenbroek LS, Middelkoop E, Joosten I, Koenen HJ, Boekema BK. Monocytes and T cells incorporated in full skin equivalents to study innate or adaptive immune reactions after burn injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264716. [PMID: 37901218 PMCID: PMC10611519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thermal injury often leads to prolonged and excessive inflammation, which hinders the recovery of patients. There is a notable absence of suitable animal-free models for investigating the inflammatory processes following burn injuries, thereby impeding the development of more effective therapies to improve burn wound healing in patients. Methods In this study, we established a human full skin equivalent (FSE) burn wound model and incorporated human peripheral blood-derived monocytes and T cells. Results Upon infiltration into the FSEs, the monocytes differentiated into macrophages within a span of 7 days. Burn-injured FSEs exhibited macrophages with increased expression of HLA-DR+ and elevated production of IL-8 (CXCL8), in comparison to uninjured FSEs. Among the T cells that actively migrated into the FSEs, the majority were CD4+ and CD25+. These T cells demonstrated augmented expression of markers associated with regulatory T cell, Th1, or Th17 activity, which coincided with significant heightened cytokine production, including IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IP-10 (CXCL10), and TGF-β1. Burn injury did not impact the studied effector T cell subsets or cytokine levels. Discussion Collectively, this study represents a significant advancement in the development of an immunocompetent human skin model, specifically tailored for investigating burn-induced innate or adaptive immune reactions at the site of burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P.G. Mulder
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | - Anouk Elgersma
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Rozemeijer
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Esther Middelkoop
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hans J.P.M. Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bouke K.H.L. Boekema
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Full Skin Equivalent Models for Simulation of Burn Wound Healing, Exploring Skin Regeneration and Cytokine Response. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010029. [PMID: 36662076 PMCID: PMC9864292 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of burn injury is a complex process that often leads to the development of functional and aesthetic complications. To study skin regeneration in more detail, organotypic skin models, such as full skin equivalents (FSEs) generated from dermal matrices, can be used. Here, FSEs were generated using de-epidermalized dermis (DED) and collagen matrices MatriDerm® and Mucomaix®. Our aim was to validate the MatriDerm- and Mucomaix-based FSEs for the use as in vitro models of wound healing. Therefore, we first characterized the FSEs in terms of skin development and cell proliferation. Proper dermal and epidermal morphogenesis was established in all FSEs and was comparable to ex vivo human skin models. Extension of culture time improved the organization of the epidermal layers and the basement membrane in MatriDerm-based FSE but resulted in rapid degradation of the Mucomaix-based FSE. After applying a standardized burn injury to the models, re-epithelization occurred in the DED- and MatriDerm-based FSEs at 2 weeks after injury, similar to ex vivo human skin. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in the culture media of all models, but no significant differences were observed between models. We anticipate that these animal-free in vitro models can facilitate research on skin regeneration and can be used to test therapeutic interventions in a preclinical setting to improve wound healing.
Collapse
|
5
|
Melnikov N, Kobel P, Detinis T, Segni AD, Leichtmann-Bardoogo Y, Haik J, Maoz BM. An automated high-throughput platform for experimental study of burn injuries - in vitro and ex vivo. Burns 2022:S0305-4179(22)00228-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Schaller-Ammann R, Kreß S, Feiel J, Schwagerle G, Priedl J, Birngruber T, Kasper C, Egger D. Advanced Online Monitoring of In Vitro Human 3D Full-Thickness Skin Equivalents. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071436. [PMID: 35890329 PMCID: PMC9315769 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin equivalents and skin explants are widely used for dermal penetration studies in the pharmacological development of drugs. Environmental parameters, such as the incubation and culture conditions affect cellular responses and thus the relevance of the experimental outcome. However, available systems such as the Franz diffusion chamber, only measure in the receiving culture medium, rather than assessing the actual conditions for cells in the tissue. We developed a sampling design that combines open flow microperfusion (OFM) sampling technology for continuous concentration measurements directly in the tissue with microfluidic biosensors for online monitoring of culture parameters. We tested our design with real-time measurements of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pH in full-thickness skin equivalent and skin explants. Furthermore, we compared dermal penetration for acyclovir, lidocaine, and diclofenac in skin equivalents and skin explants. We observed differences in oxygen, glucose, and drug concentrations in skin equivalents compared to the respective culture medium and to skin explants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schaller-Ammann
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sebastian Kreß
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural, Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Jürgen Feiel
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Gerd Schwagerle
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Joachim Priedl
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Thomas Birngruber
- Health—Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, 8010 Graz, Austria; (R.S.-A.); (J.F.); (G.S.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (D.E.)
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural, Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (C.K.)
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural, Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (D.E.)
| |
Collapse
|