1
|
Sonia J, Kumara BN, Pinto KJ, Hashim A, Priya ESS, Kalpana B, Thomas R, Sudhakara Prasad K. Disposable paper electrodes for detection of changes in dopamine concentrations in rat brain homogenates. Talanta 2024; 274:125940. [PMID: 38537354 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine, the main catecholamine neurotransmitter plays an important role in renal, cardiovascular, central nervous systems, and pathophysiological processes. The abnormal dopamine levels can result in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, acute anxiety, neuroblastoma and also contribute to cognitive dysfunctions. Given the widespread importance of dopamine concentration levels, it is imperative to develop sensors that are able to monitor dopamine. Herein, we have developed pre-anodized disposable paper electrode modified with 1-pyrenebutyric acid, for the selective and sensitive determination of dopamine. The sensor was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques for addressing the robust formation and electrochemical activity. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine without the common interference from ascorbic acid. The calibration plot for the dopamine sensor resulted linear range from 0.003 μM to 0.5 μM with a detection limit of 0.11 nM. The sensor's potential utility was tested by monitoring dopamine concentration changes in rat brain homogenates when subjected to neurotoxicity. The developed sensor was validated with gold-standard UV-Vis spectroscopy studies and computational studies were performed to understand the interaction between 1-pyrenebutyric acid and dopamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sonia
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - Kevin Joakim Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A Hashim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Dakshina, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - E S Sindhu Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, Yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - B Kalpana
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanassery, Kerala, India
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vaquer A, Adrover-Jaume C, Clemente A, Viana J, Rodríguez R, Rojo-Molinero E, Oliver A, de la Rica R. OriPlex: Origami-enabled multiplexed detection of respiratory pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 257:116341. [PMID: 38677019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Origami biosensors leverage paper foldability to develop total analysis systems integrated in a single piece of paper. This capability can also be utilized to incorporate additional features that would be difficult to achieve with rigid substrates. In this article, we report a new design for 3D origami biosensors called OriPlex, which leverages the foldability of filter paper for the multiplexed detection of bacterial pathogens. OriPlex immunosensors detect pathogens by folding nanoparticle reservoirs containing different types of nanoprobes. This releases antibody-coated nanoparticles in a central channel where targets are captured through physical interactions. The OriPlex concept was demonstrated by detecting the respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) with a limit of detection of 3.4·103 cfu mL-1 and 1.4·102 cfu mL-1, respectively, and with a turn-around time of 25 min. Remarkably, the OriPlex biosensors allowed the multiplexed detection of both pathogens spiked into real bronchial aspirate (BAS) samples at a concentration of 105 cfu mL-1 (clinical infection threshold), thus demonstrating their suitability for diagnosing lower tract respiratory infections. The results shown here pave the way for implementing OriPlex biosensors as a screening test for detecting superbugs requiring personalized antibiotics in suspected cases of nosocomial pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Vaquer
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Adrover-Jaume
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Clemente
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Viana
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Rocío Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Estrella Rojo-Molinero
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Rica
- Multidisciplinary Sepsis Group, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seddaoui N, Colozza N, Gullo L, Arduini F. Paper as smart support for bioreceptor immobilization in electrochemical paper-based devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127409. [PMID: 37848114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of paper as a smart support in the field of electrochemical sensors has been largely improved over the last 15 years, driven by its outstanding features such as foldability and porosity, which enable the design of reagent and equipment-free multi-analysis devices. Furthermore, the easy surface engineering of paper has been used to immobilize different bioreceptors, through physical adsorption, covalent bonding, and electrochemical polymerization, boosting the fine customization of the analytical performances of paper-based biosensors. In this review, we focused on the strategies to engineer the surface of the paper for the immobilization of (bio)recognition elements (eg., enzymes, antibodies, DNA, molecularly imprinted polymers) with the overriding goal to develop accurate and reliable paper-based electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, we highlighted how to take advantage of paper for designing smart configurations by integrating different analytical processes in an eco-designed analytical tool, starting from the immobilization of the (bio)receptor and the reagents, through a designed sample flow along the device, until the analyte detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narjiss Seddaoui
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Colozza
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED S.R.L, Via Bitonto 139, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Gullo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; SENSE4MED S.R.L, Via Bitonto 139, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu H, Qin Z, Li X, Pan Y, Xu H, Pan P, Song P, Liu X. Paper-Based All-in-One Origami Nanobiosensor for Point-of-Care Detection of Cardiac Protein Markers in Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3574-3584. [PMID: 37705448 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at the earliest stage is of paramount importance to improve the treatment outcomes and avoid irreversible damage to a patient's cardiovascular system. Microfluidic paper-based devices (μPADs) represent a promising platform for rapid CVD diagnosis at the point of care (POC). This paper presents an electrochemical μPAD (E-μPAD) with an all-in-one origami design for rapid and POC testing of cardiac protein markers in whole blood. Based on the label-free, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) immunoassay, the E-μPAD integrates all essential components on a single chip, including three electrochemical cells, a plasma separation membrane, and a buffer absorption pad, enabling easy and streamlined operations for multiplexed detection of three cardiac protein markers [cardiac troponin I (cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)-32, and D-Dimer] on a finger-prick whole blood sample within 46 min. Superior analytical performance is achieved through sensitive EIS measurement on carbon electrodes decorated with semiconductor zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs). Using spiked human plasma samples, ultralow limits of detection (LODs) of E-μPAD are achieved at 4.6 pg/mL (190 fM) for cTnI, 1.2 pg/mL (40 fM) for BNP-32, and 146 pg/mL (730 fM) for D-Dimer. Real human blood samples spiked with purified proteins are also tested, and the device's analytical performance was proven to be comparable to commercial ELISA kits. The all-in-one E-μPAD will allow rapid and sensitive testing of cardiac protein markers through easy operations, which holds great potential for on-site screening of acute CVDs in nonlaboratory settings such as emergency rooms, doctor's offices, or patient homes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518058, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yueyue Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Haitong Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Peng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Pengfei Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ataide VN, Pradela-Filho LA, Ameku WA, Negahdary M, Oliveira TG, Santos BG, Paixão TRLC, Angnes L. Paper-based electrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of viral diseases. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:276. [PMID: 37368054 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based electrochemical analytical devices (ePADs) have gained significant interest as promising analytical units in recent years because they can be fabricated in simple ways, are low-cost, portable, and disposable platforms that can be applied in various fields. In this sense, paper-based electrochemical biosensors are attractive analytical devices since they can promote diagnose several diseases and potentially allow decentralized analysis. Electrochemical biosensors are versatile, as the measured signal can be improved by using mainly molecular technologies and nanomaterials to attach biomolecules, resulting in an increase in their sensitivity and selectivity. Additionally, they can be implemented in microfluidic devices that drive and control the flow without external pumping and store reagents, and improve the mass transport of analytes, increasing sensor sensitivity. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in electrochemical paper-based devices for viruses' detection, including COVID-19, Dengue, Zika, Hepatitis, Ebola, AIDS, and Influenza, among others, which have caused impacts on people's health, especially in places with scarce resources. Also, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the main electrode's fabrication methods, device designs, and biomolecule immobilization strategies. Finally, the perspectives and challenges that need to be overcome to further advance paper-based electrochemical biosensors' applications are critically presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa N Ataide
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lauro A Pradela-Filho
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson A Ameku
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Masoud Negahdary
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thawan G Oliveira
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Berlane G Santos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L C Paixão
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gupta N, Kumar D, Das A, Sood S, Malhotra BD. Conductive Ink-Coated Paper-Based Supersandwich DNA Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040486. [PMID: 37185561 PMCID: PMC10136323 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report results of the studies relating to the development of an impedimetric, magnetic bead-assisted supersandwich DNA hybridization assay for ultrasensitive detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of a sexually transmitted infection (STI), gonorrhea. First, a conductive ink was formulated by homogenously dispersing carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) in a stable emulsion of terpineol and an aqueous suspension of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The ink, labeled C5, was coated onto paper substrates to fabricate C5@paper conductive electrodes. Thereafter, a magnetic bead (MB)-assisted supersandwich DNA hybridization assay was optimized against the porA pseudogene of N. gonorrhoeae. For this purpose, a pair of specific 5' aminated capture probes (SCP) and supersandwich detector probes (SDP) was designed, which allowed the enrichment of target gonorrheal DNA sequence from a milieu of substances. The SD probe was designed such that instead of 1:1 binding, it allowed the binding of more than one T strand, leading to a 'ladder-like' DNA supersandwich structure. The MB-assisted supersandwich assay was integrated into the C5@paper electrodes for electrochemical analysis. The C5@paper electrodes were found to be highly conductive by a four-probe conductivity method (maximum conductivity of 10.1 S·cm-1). Further, the biosensing assay displayed a wide linear range of 100 aM-100 nM (109 orders of magnitude) with an excellent sensitivity of 22.6 kΩ·(log[concentration])-1. The clinical applicability of the biosensing assay was assessed by detecting genomic DNA extracted from N. gonorrhoeae in the presence of DNA from different non-gonorrheal bacterial species. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a highly sensitive, cost-effective, and label-free paper-based device for STI diagnostics. The ink formulation prepared for the study was found to be highly thixotropic, which indicates that the paper electrodes can be screen-printed in a reproducible and scalable manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - D Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Seema Sood
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fiore L, Sinha A, Seddaoui N, di Biasio J, Ricci F, Stojanovic GM, Arduini F. Paper card-like electrochemical platform as a smart point-of-care device for reagent-free glucose measurement in tears. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4300-4303. [PMID: 36928485 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
This communication describes the development of polyvinyl chloride electrochemical system in which a paper layer loaded with reagents is inserted into the device, demonstrating a new concept of a paper card-like pad for a reagent-free and easy measurement of the target analyte in solution. This device detects glucose in artificial tears in the range of 0.2-2 mM with a detection limit of 50 μM by simply adding the artificial tears to the paper card-like pad. The novel configuration goes beyond the state of the art, widening the application range of paper in the design of smart analytical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiore
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy. .,SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ankita Sinha
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Narjiss Seddaoui
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Jessica di Biasio
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Federico Ricci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of experimental medicine and surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Goran M Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome 00133, Italy. .,SENSE4MED, Via Bitonto 139, Rome 00133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clemente F, Antonacci A, Giardi MT, Frisulli V, Tambaro FP, Scognamiglio V. Last Trends in Point-of-Care (POC) Diagnostics for the Management of Hematological Indices in Home Care Patients. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:345. [PMID: 36979557 PMCID: PMC10046198 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Today, complete blood count (CBC) analyses are highly automated and allow for high throughput and accurate and reliable results. However, new analytical tools are in great demand to provide simple, rapid and cost-effective management of hematological indices in home care patients. Chronic disease monitoring at home has become a benefit for patients who are finding cost savings in programs designed to monitor/treat patients in offsite locations. This review reports the latest trends in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics useful for home testing of key hematological counts that may be affected during home therapy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Clemente
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
- Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, URT Naples c/o Azienda Ospedialiera di Rilievo Nazionale (AORN) Santobono-Pausilipon Via Teresa Ravaschieri 8, 80112 Naples, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Valeria Frisulli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Trapianto di Midollo Osseo-Azienda Ospedialiera di Rilievo Nazionale (AORN), Santobono-Pausilipon, 80129 Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paper functionalization for detection of Plasmodium falciparum DNA using square waves voltammetry. Talanta 2023; 252:123839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
10
|
Wang J, Davidson JL, Kaur S, Dextre AA, Ranjbaran M, Kamel MS, Athalye SM, Verma MS. Paper-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Nucleic Acids from Pathogens. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12121094. [PMID: 36551061 PMCID: PMC9776365 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based biosensors are microfluidic analytical devices used for the detection of biochemical substances. The unique properties of paper-based biosensors, including low cost, portability, disposability, and ease of use, make them an excellent tool for point-of-care testing. Among all analyte detection methods, nucleic acid-based pathogen detection offers versatility due to the ease of nucleic acid synthesis. In a point-of-care testing context, the combination of nucleic acid detection and a paper-based platform allows for accurate detection. This review offers an overview of contemporary paper-based biosensors for detecting nucleic acids from pathogens. The methods and limitations of implementing an integrated portable paper-based platform are discussed. The review concludes with potential directions for future research in the development of paper-based biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Wang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Josiah Levi Davidson
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Simerdeep Kaur
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andres A. Dextre
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohsen Ranjbaran
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed S. Kamel
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Shreya Milind Athalye
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mohit S. Verma
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kuswandi B, Hidayat MA, Noviana E. Paper-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Food Safety Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1088. [PMID: 36551055 PMCID: PMC9775995 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, foodborne pathogens and other food contaminants are among the major contributors to human illnesses and even deaths worldwide. There is a growing need for improvements in food safety globally. However, it is a challenge to detect and identify these harmful analytes in a rapid, sensitive, portable, and user-friendly manner. Recently, researchers have paid attention to the development of paper-based electrochemical biosensors due to their features and promising potential for food safety analysis. The use of paper in electrochemical biosensors offers several advantages such as device miniaturization, low sample consumption, inexpensive mass production, capillary force-driven fluid flow, and capability to store reagents within the pores of the paper substrate. Various paper-based electrochemical biosensors have been developed to enable the detection of foodborne pathogens and other contaminants that pose health hazards to humans. In this review, we discussed several aspects of the biosensors including different device designs (e.g., 2D and 3D devices), fabrication techniques, and electrode modification approaches that are often optimized to generate measurable signals for sensitive detection of analytes. The utilization of different nanomaterials for the modification of electrode surface to improve the detection of analytes via enzyme-, antigen/antibody-, DNA-, aptamer-, and cell-based bioassays is also described. Next, we discussed the current applications of the sensors to detect food contaminants such as foodborne pathogens, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, allergens, and heavy metals. Most of the electrochemical paper analytical devices (e-PADs) reviewed are small and portable, and therefore are suitable for field applications. Lastly, e-PADs are an excellent platform for food safety analysis owing to their user-friendliness, low cost, sensitivity, and a high potential for customization to meet certain analytical needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bambang Kuswandi
- Chemo and Biosensors Group, Faculty of Farmasi, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Amrun Hidayat
- Chemo and Biosensors Group, Faculty of Farmasi, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lazzarini E, Pace A, Trozzi I, Zangheri M, Guardigli M, Calabria D, Mirasoli M. An Origami Paper-Based Biosensor for Allergen Detection by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay on Magnetic Microbeads. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:825. [PMID: 36290961 PMCID: PMC9599061 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are adverse health effects that arise from specific immune responses, occurring upon exposure to given foods, even if present in traces. Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies, mainly caused by egg white proteins, with ovalbumin being the most abundant. As allergens can also be present in foodstuff due to unintended contamination, there is a need for analytical tools that are able to rapidly detect allergens in food products at the point-of-use. Herein, we report an origami paper-based device for detecting ovalbumin in food samples, based on a competitive immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection. In this biosensor, magnetic microbeads have been employed for easy and efficient immobilization of ovalbumin on paper. Immobilized ovalbumin competes with the ovalbumin present in the sample for a limited amount of enzyme-labelled anti-ovalbumin antibody. By exploiting the origami approach, a multistep analytical procedure could be performed using reagents preloaded on paper layers, thus providing a ready-to-use immunosensing platform. The assay provided a limit of detection (LOD) of about 1 ng mL-1 for ovalbumin and, when tested on ovalbumin-spiked food matrices (chocolate chip cookies), demonstrated good assay specificity and accuracy, as compared with a commercial immunoassay kit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lazzarini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trozzi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI AGRO), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, I-47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Advanced Mechanical Engineering Applications and Materials Technology (CIRI MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Donato Calabria
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Renewable Resources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Sant’Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI AEROSPACE), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Baldassarre Canaccini 12, I-47121 Forlì, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amor-Gutiérrez O, Costa-Rama E, Fernández-Abedul MT. Paper-Based Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose Determination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22166232. [PMID: 36015999 PMCID: PMC9412717 DOI: 10.3390/s22166232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The general objective of Analytical Chemistry, nowadays, is to obtain best-quality information in the shortest time to contribute to the resolution of real problems. In this regard, electrochemical biosensors are interesting alternatives to conventional methods thanks to their great characteristics, both those intrinsically analytical (precision, sensitivity, selectivity, etc.) and those more related to productivity (simplicity, low costs, and fast response, among others). For many years, the scientific community has made continuous progress in improving glucose biosensors, being this analyte the most important in the biosensor market, due to the large amount of people who suffer from diabetes mellitus. The sensitivity of the electrochemical techniques combined with the selectivity of the enzymatic methodologies have positioned electrochemical enzymatic sensors as the first option. This review, focusing on the electrochemical determination of glucose using paper-based analytical devices, shows recent approaches in the use of paper as a substrate for low-cost biosensing. General considerations on the principles of enzymatic detection and the design of paper-based analytical devices are given. Finally, the use of paper in enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for glucose detection, including analytical characteristics of the methodologies reported in relevant articles over the last years, is also covered.
Collapse
|
14
|
An origami paper-based electrochemical biosensing platform for quality control of agri-food waste in the valorization strategy. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:311. [PMID: 35920941 PMCID: PMC9349161 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The increasing demand for food and the need for a sustainability vision in the agri-food sector have boosted novel approaches for food management, enhancing the valorization of wastes and by-products belonging to the food industry. Herein, we present a novel paper-based origami device to assess the amount of both glucosinolate and glucose in a food waste product belonging to Brassicaceae plants, to evaluate the quality value and the correct management of waste samples. The device has been designed as an origami paper-based platform constituted of two paper-based biosensors to work synergistically in a multiplexed detection. In detail, a monoenzymatic biosensor and a bienzymatic biosensor were configured for the detection of glucose and glucosinolates, respectively, using filter paper pads preloaded with glucose oxidase and/or myrosinase. To complete the paper-based platform, the enzyme-preloaded pads were combined with office paper-based electrodes modified with Carbon black/Prussian Blue nanoparticles for the measurement of enzymatic by-product at a low applied potential (i.e., 0 V versus Ag/AgCl). Overall, this paper-based platform measured glucose and glucosinolate (i.e., sinigrin) with a linear range up to 2.5 and 1.5 mM, and detection limits of 0.05 and 0.07 mM, respectively. The repeatability corresponded to an RSD% equal to 5% by testing 10 mM of glucose, and 10% by testing 1 mM of sinigrin. The accuracy of the developed multiplex device was evaluated by recovery studies at two different levels of sinigrin, i.e., 0.25 and 0.5 mM, obtaining recoveries values equal to (111 ± 3) % and (86 ± 1) %, respectively. The multiplex detection of both glucose and glucosinolate in Brassicaceae samples evaluates the quality values of the waste sample, ensuring the quality of the re-used food product waste by using an eco-designed analytical tool. The combination of paper-based devices for quality control of food waste with the re-use of these food products represents a sustainable approach that perfectly matches sustainable agrifood practices as well as the overall approach of the circular economy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yue W, Qi J, Song X, Fan S, Fortino G, Chen CH, Xu C, Ren H. Origami-Inspired Structure with Pneumatic-Induced Variable Stiffness for Multi-DOF Force-Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5370. [PMID: 35891049 PMCID: PMC9321357 DOI: 10.3390/s22145370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the emerging need for human-machine interactions, multi-modal sensory interaction is gradually pursued rather than satisfying common perception forms (visual or auditory), so developing flexible, adaptive, and stiffness-variable force-sensing devices is the key to further promoting human-machine fusion. However, current sensor sensitivity is fixed and nonadjustable after fabrication, limiting further development. To solve this problem, we propose an origami-inspired structure to achieve multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs) motions with variable stiffness for force-sensing, which combines the ductility and flexibility of origami structures. In combination with the pneumatic actuation, the structure can achieve and adapt the compression, pitch, roll, diagonal, and array motions (five motion modes), which significantly increase the force adaptability and sensing diversity. To achieve closed-loop control and avoid excessive gas injection, the ultra-flexible microfiber sensor is designed and seamlessly embedded with an approximately linear sensitivity of ∼0.35 Ω/kPa at a relative pressure of 0-100 kPa, and an exponential sensitivity at a relative pressure of 100-350 kPa, which can render this device capable of working under various conditions. The final calibration experiment demonstrates that the pre-pressure value can affect the sensor's sensitivity. With the increasing pre-pressure of 65-95 kPa, the average sensitivity curve shifts rightwards around 9 N intervals, which highly increases the force-sensing capability towards the range of 0-2 N. When the pre-pressure is at the relatively extreme air pressure of 100 kPa, the force sensitivity value is around 11.6 Ω/N. Therefore, our proposed design (which has a low fabrication cost, high integration level, and a suitable sensing range) shows great potential for applications in flexible force-sensing development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yue
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (J.Q.); (X.S.); (S.F.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jiaming Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (J.Q.); (X.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (J.Q.); (X.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Shicheng Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (J.Q.); (X.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Giancarlo Fortino
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (C.-H.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; (C.-H.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (J.Q.); (X.S.); (S.F.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Curulli A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensing Strategies for Food Allergen Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070503. [PMID: 35884306 PMCID: PMC9313194 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy has been indicated as the most frequent adverse reaction to food ingredients over the past few years. Since the only way to avoid the occurrence of allergic phenomena is to eliminate allergenic foods, it is essential to have complete and accurate information on the components of foodstuff. In this framework, it is mandatory and crucial to provide fast, cost-effective, affordable, and reliable analysis methods for the screening of specific allergen content in food products. This review reports the research advancements concerning food allergen detection, involving electrochemical biosensors. It focuses on the sensing strategies evidencing different types of recognition elements such as antibodies, nucleic acids, and cells, among others, the nanomaterial role, the several electrochemical techniques involved and last, but not least, the ad hoc electrodic surface modification approaches. Moreover, a selection of the most recent electrochemical sensors for allergen detection are reported and critically analyzed in terms of the sensors’ analytical performances. Finally, advantages, limitations, and potentialities for practical applications of electrochemical biosensors for allergens are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Curulli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN), 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen SJ, Tseng CC, Huang KH, Chang YC, Fu LM. Microfluidic Sliding Paper-Based Device for Point-of-Care Determination of Albumin-to-Creatine Ratio in Human Urine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070496. [PMID: 35884299 PMCID: PMC9313340 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel assay platform consisting of a microfluidic sliding double-track paper-based chip and a hand-held Raspberry Pi detection system is proposed for determining the albumin-to-creatine ratio (ACR) in human urine. It is a clinically important parameter and can be used for the early detection of related diseases, such as renal insufficiency. In the proposed method, the sliding layer of the microchip is applied and the sample diffuses through two parallel filtration channels to the reaction/detection areas of the microchip to complete the detection reaction, which is a simple method well suited for self-diagnosis of ACR index in human urine. The RGB (red, green, and blue) value intensity signals of the reaction complexes in these two reaction zones are analyzed by a Raspberry Pi computer to derive the ACR value (ALB and CRE concentrations). It is shown that the G + B value intensity signal is linearly related to the ALB and CRE concentrations with the correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.9919 and R2 = 0.9923, respectively. It is additionally shown that the ALB and CRE concentration results determined using the proposed method for 23 urine samples were collected from real suffering chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are in fine agreement with those acquired operating a traditional high-reliability macroscale method. Overall, for point-of-care (POC) CKD diagnosis and monitoring in clinical applications, the results prove that the proposed method offers a convenient, real time, reliable, and low-spending solution for POC CKD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Jui Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chin-Chung Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital Dou-Liou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin 640, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-H.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 63321)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pomili T, Donati P, Pompa PP. Paper-Based Multiplexed Colorimetric Device for the Simultaneous Detection of Salivary Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110443. [PMID: 34821659 PMCID: PMC8615519 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a monolithic and fully integrated paper-based device for the simultaneous detection of three prognostic biomarkers in saliva. The pattern of the proposed multiplexed device is designed with a central sample deposition zone and three identical arms, each containing a pre-treatment and test zone. Its one-step fabrication is realized by CO2 laser cutting, providing remarkable parallelization and rapidity (ca. 5 s/device). The colorimetric detection is based on the sensitive and selective target-induced reshaping of plasmonic multibranched gold nanoparticles, which exhibit a clear spectral shift (and blue-to-pink color change) in case of non-physiological concentrations of the three salivary biomarkers. A rapid and multiplexed naked-eye or smartphone-based readout of the colorimetric response is achieved within 10 min. A prototype kit for POCT testing is also reported, providing robustness and easy handling of the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pomili
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (T.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Donati
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (T.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (T.P.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|