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Haldar T, Sardar SK, Ghosal A, Prasad A, Nakano YS, Dutta S, Nozaki T, Ganguly S. Andrographolide induced cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest in Giardia trophozoites. Exp Parasitol 2024; 262:108773. [PMID: 38723845 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Giardiasis is a prevalent parasitic diarrheal disease caused by Giardia lamblia, affecting people worldwide. Recently, the availability of several drugs for its treatment has highlighted issues such as multidrug resistance, limited effectiveness and undesirable side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative new drugs and treatment strategies that can enhance therapeutic outcomes and effectively treat giardiasis. Natural compounds show promise in the search for more potent anti-giardial agents. Our investigation focused on the effect of Andrographolide (ADG), an active compound of the Andrographis paniculata plant, on Giardia lamblia, assessing trophozoite growth, morphological changes, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and inhibition of gene expression associated with pathogenic factors. ADG demonstrated anti-Giardia activity almost equivalent to the reference drug metronidazole, with an IC50 value of 4.99 μM after 24 h of incubation. In cytotoxicity assessments and morphological examinations, it showed significant alterations in trophozoite shape and size and effectively hindered the adhesion of trophozoites. It also caused excessive ROS generation, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and inhibited the gene expression related to pathogenesis. Our findings have revealed the anti-giardial efficacy of ADG, suggesting its potential as an agent against Giardia infections. This could offer a natural and low-risk treatment option for giardiasis, reducing the risk of side effects and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Haldar
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), India
| | - Sanjib K Sardar
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), India
| | - Ajanta Ghosal
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), India
| | - Akash Prasad
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), India
| | - Yumiko Saito Nakano
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), Kolkata, India
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sandipan Ganguly
- Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (ICMR-NICED), India.
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Lakra DS, B P, N D, T D, G K, N RP. Chemosensitizing potential of andrographolide in P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:941-946. [PMID: 37144420 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2208261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a major role in the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and significantly limits chemotherapy efficacy. Chemosensitizers augment the therapeutic effects of anticancer agents by overcoming drug resistance mechanisms. In this study, the chemosensitizing property of andrographolide (Andro) in P-gp overexpressing multidrug-resistant (MDR) colchicine-selected KBChR 8-5 cells was evaluated. Molecular docking studies showed Andro exhibits higher binding interaction with P-gp than the other two ABC-transporters studied. Further, it inhibits P-gp transport function in a concentration dependant manner in the colchicine-selected KBChR 8-5 cells. Moreover, Andro downregulates P-gp overexpression via NF-κB signaling in these MDR cell lines. MTT-based cell-based assay illustrates that Andro treatment augments the PTX effect in the KBChR 8-5 cells. Further, the Andro plus PTX combination showed enhanced apoptotic cell death in KBChR 8-5 cells compared with PTX alone treatment. Therefore, the results showed that Andro enhances PTX therapeutic effect in the drug-resistant KBChR 8-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Swati Lakra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradhapsingh B
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepika N
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanalakshmi T
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanimozhi G
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharmapuram Gnanambigai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad N
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Serrano JA, Pérez P, Daza P, Huertas G, Yúfera A. Predictive Cell Culture Time Evolution Based on Electric Models. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:668. [PMID: 37367033 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining cell concentration measurements from a culture assay by using bioimpedance is a very useful method that can be used to translate impedances to cell concentration values. The purpose of this study was to find a method to obtain the cell concentration values of a given cell culture assay in real time by using an oscillator as the measurement circuit. From a basic cell-electrode model, enhanced models of a cell culture immersed in a saline solution (culture medium) were derived. These models were used as part of a fitting routine to estimate the cell concentration in a cell culture in real time by using the oscillation frequency and amplitude delivered by the measurement circuits proposed by previous authors. Using real experimental data (the frequency and amplitude of oscillations) that were obtained by connecting the cell culture to an oscillator as the load, the fitting routine was simulated, and real-time data of the cell concentration were obtained. These results were compared to concentration data that were obtained by using traditional optical methods for counting. In addition, the error that we obtained was divided and analyzed in two parts: the first part of the experiment (when the few cells were adapting to the culture medium) and the second part of the experiment (when the cells exponentially grew until they completely covered the well). Low error values were obtained during the growth phase of the cell culture (the relevant phase); therefore, the results obtained were considered promising and show that the fitting routine is valid and that the cell concentration can be measured in real time by using an oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Zhang Z, Yuan X, Guo H, Shang P. The Influence of Electrode Design on Detecting the Effects of Ferric Ammonium Citrate (FAC) on Pre-Osteoblast through Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS). BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 36979534 PMCID: PMC10046662 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Detection sensitivity is a crucial factor in the application of ECIS sensors. For these biosensors, the electrode configuration has a direct impact on sensitivity, yet few studies on monopolar electrodes have been reported. In this study, ECIS sensor arrays, which have a series of working electrode configuration with a wide diameter range and different electrode number, were fabricated to monitor living osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. The experimental results revealed that when the electrode diameter was larger than 25 μm, electrodes with smaller diameter and number yielded higher impedance values and generated more impedance shift to cell status change. The membrane capacitance obtained by equivalent circuit fitting was at the same level. When the electrode diameter was even smaller, the results in detection of cell monolayer were opposite, and there was no distinct relationship between impedance and membrane capacitance shift to cell status change and electrode geometry. The proposed sensor chip, allowing for a sustained and stable detection of cellular impedance, provides the basis for the selection of the electrode configuration of monopolar electrodes. The test results of electrodes with a diameter of 25 μm and lower indicated the possibility of single cell impedance measurement, which can provide unique insight into the heterogeneous electrical behavior of cells, and, in this case, the electrode size should be close to the cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518110, China
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Zhang Y, Peng L, Hu K, Gu N. Stress Relaxation-Induced Colon Tumor Multicellular Spheroid Culture Based on Biomimetic Hydrogel for Nanoenzyme Ferroptosis Sensitization Evaluation. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202009. [PMID: 36300602 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently become a research hotspot, and the induction of tumor cell ferroptosis has emerged as a powerful method for tumor therapy. However, the efficiency of tumor cell ferroptosis induction remains unmet for clinical use, which may be attributed to the large discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo models. To address this issue, in this study, a hydrogel platform with stress relaxation is utilized to develop a multicellular spheroid model of the DLD1 colon cancer cell line through cancer cell self-organization. The spheroids are highly similar to real tumor tissue, and ferroptosis resistance at the transcriptional, protein, and cellular levels. Collaboration of the ferroptosis induction reagent erastin and the nanoenzyme MnZnFe2 O4 @PEG-COOH to overcome the ferroptosis resistance of the spheroids is also demonstrated. Taken together, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of the model developed using this hydrogel platform for further mechanistic studies, and for the assessment of novel cancer treatment strategies based on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Liyi Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211103, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211103, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211103, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
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