1
|
Choo YJ, Lee GW, Moon JS, Chang MC. Noncontact Sensors for Vital Signs Measurement: A Narrative Review. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944913. [PMID: 38961611 PMCID: PMC11302200 DOI: 10.12659/msm.944913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vital signs are crucial for monitoring changes in patient health status. This review compared the performance of noncontact sensors with traditional methods for measuring vital signs and investigated the clinical feasibility of noncontact sensors for medical use. We searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) database for articles published through September 30, 2023, and used the key search terms "vital sign," "monitoring," and "sensor" to identify relevant articles. We included studies that measured vital signs using traditional methods and noncontact sensors and excluded articles not written in English, case reports, reviews, and conference presentations. In total, 129 studies were identified, and eligible articles were selected based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts. Three articles were finally included in the review, and the types of noncontact sensors used in each selected study were an impulse radio ultrawideband radar, a microbend fiber-optic sensor, and a mat-type air pressure sensor. Participants included neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit, patients with sleep apnea, and patients with coronavirus disease. Their heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial oxygen saturation were measured. Studies have demonstrated that the performance of noncontact sensors is comparable to that of traditional methods of vital signs measurement. Noncontact sensors have the potential to alleviate concerns related to skin disorders associated with traditional skin-contact vital signs measurement methods, reduce the workload for healthcare providers, and enhance patient comfort. This article reviews the medical use of noncontact sensors for measuring vital signs and aimed to determine their potential clinical applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Choo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeungnam University Hospital, Deagu, South Korea
| | - Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liebetruth M, Kehe K, Steinritz D, Sammito S. Systematic Literature Review Regarding Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate Measurement by Means of Radar Technology. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1003. [PMID: 38339721 PMCID: PMC10857015 DOI: 10.3390/s24031003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of radar technology for non-contact measurement of vital parameters is increasingly being examined in scientific studies. Based on a systematic literature search in the PubMed, German National Library, Austrian Library Network (Union Catalog), Swiss National Library and Common Library Network databases, the accuracy of heart rate and/or respiratory rate measurements by means of radar technology was analyzed. In 37% of the included studies on the measurement of the respiratory rate and in 48% of those on the measurement of the heart rate, the maximum deviation was 5%. For a tolerated deviation of 10%, the corresponding percentages were 85% and 87%, respectively. However, the quantitative comparability of the results available in the current literature is very limited due to a variety of variables. The elimination of the problem of confounding variables and the continuation of the tendency to focus on the algorithm applied will continue to constitute a central topic of radar-based vital parameter measurement. Promising fields of application of research can be found in particular in areas that require non-contact measurements. This includes infection events, emergency medicine, disaster situations and major catastrophic incidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Liebetruth
- German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kai Kehe
- Bundeswehr Medical Service Headquarter, Department A-VI Public Health, 56072 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Sammito
- German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suresha PB, Hegde C, Jiang Z, Clifford GD. An Edge Computing and Ambient Data Capture System for Clinical and Home Environments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2511. [PMID: 35408127 PMCID: PMC9003543 DOI: 10.3390/s22072511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The non-contact patient monitoring paradigm moves patient care into their homes and enables long-term patient studies. The challenge, however, is to make the system non-intrusive, privacy-preserving, and low-cost. To this end, we describe an open-source edge computing and ambient data capture system, developed using low-cost and readily available hardware. We describe five applications of our ambient data capture system. Namely: (1) Estimating occupancy and human activity phenotyping; (2) Medical equipment alarm classification; (3) Geolocation of humans in a built environment; (4) Ambient light logging; and (5) Ambient temperature and humidity logging. We obtained an accuracy of 94% for estimating occupancy from video. We stress-tested the alarm note classification in the absence and presence of speech and obtained micro averaged F1 scores of 0.98 and 0.93, respectively. The geolocation tracking provided a room-level accuracy of 98.7%. The root mean square error in the temperature sensor validation task was 0.3°C and for the humidity sensor, it was 1% Relative Humidity. The low-cost edge computing system presented here demonstrated the ability to capture and analyze a wide range of activities in a privacy-preserving manner in clinical and home environments and is able to provide key insights into the healthcare practices and patient behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna Byappanahalli Suresha
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (P.B.S.); (C.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chaitra Hegde
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; (P.B.S.); (C.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zifan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Gari D. Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Angelucci A, Kuller D, Aliverti A. A Home Telemedicine System for Continuous Respiratory Monitoring. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:1247-1256. [PMID: 32750977 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3012621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a continuous home telemonitoring system for chronic respiratory patients using 5G connectivity developed in partnership with Vodafone as a part of the 5G Trial in Milan established by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development. The system features a wearable respiratory and activity monitor, an environmental sensor and a pulse oximeter sending the data through a 5G router to a Multi-Edge Computing server, incorporated in the Vodafone 5G infrastructure, where they are stored and accessible for visualization. In particular, activity, respiratory and environmental data are continuously streamed and collected. The solution has been tested on 18 healthy volunteers during non-supervised recordings lasting at least 48 hours. The combination of recognized activities and associated respiratory parameters provided statistically significant variations in breathing patterns between one activity and the other, thus giving more complete information to the clinicians than previously studied telemedicine systems based on spot-checks. In particular, statistically significant differences are found in tidal volume and minute ventilation between horizontal and vertical postures (p < 0.001) and between vertical postures and dynamic activities (p < 0.001); the respiratory rate shows statistically significant differences between horizontal and vertical postures (p < 0.001). Some environmental parameters have different mean values between day and night, such as carbon dioxide (p < 0.001). Trials on patients are needed to further study this telemedicine solution and make it commercially available in the future. The main further technical development suggested is the use of commercial 5G smartphones as routers, in order to make the system usable outside of home settings.
Collapse
|
5
|
Glancova A, Do QT, Sanghavi DK, Franco PM, Gopal N, Lehman LM, Dong Y, Pickering BW, Herasevich V. Are We Ready for Video Recognition and Computer Vision in the Intensive Care Unit? A Survey. Appl Clin Inform 2021; 12:120-132. [PMID: 33626583 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Video recording and video recognition (VR) with computer vision have become widely used in many aspects of modern life. Hospitals have employed VR technology for security purposes, however, despite the growing number of studies showing the feasibility of VR software for physiologic monitoring or detection of patient movement, its use in the intensive care unit (ICU) in real-time is sparse and the perception of this novel technology is unknown. The objective of this study is to understand the attitudes of providers, patients, and patient's families toward using VR in the ICU. DESIGN A 10-question survey instrument was used and distributed into two groups of participants: clinicians (MDs, advance practice providers, registered nurses), patients and families (adult patients and patients' relatives). Questions were specifically worded and section for free text-comments created to elicit respondents' thoughts and attitudes on potential issues and barriers toward implementation of VR in the ICU. SETTING The survey was conducted at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota and Florida. RESULTS A total of 233 clinicians' and 50 patients' surveys were collected. Both cohorts favored VR under specific circumstances (e.g., invasive intervention and diagnostic manipulation). Acceptable reasons for VR usage according to clinicians were anticipated positive impact on patient safety (70%), and diagnostic suggestions and decision support (51%). A minority of providers was concerned that artificial intelligence (AI) would replace their job (14%) or erode professional skills (28%). The potential use of VR in lawsuits (81% clinicians) and privacy breaches (59% patients) were major areas of concern. Further identified barriers were lack of trust for AI, deterioration of the patient-clinician rapport. Patients agreed with VR unless it does not reduce nursing care or record sensitive scenarios. CONCLUSION The survey provides valuable information on the acceptance of VR cameras in the critical care setting including an overview of real concerns and attitudes toward the use of VR technology in the ICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Glancova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Quan T Do
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Devang K Sanghavi
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Pablo Moreno Franco
- Department of Medicine, Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Neethu Gopal
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States
| | - Lindsey M Lehman
- Mayo Clinic, Critical Care IMP, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Brian W Pickering
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vitaly Herasevich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Comparison between the Airgo™ Device and a Metabolic Cart during Rest and Exercise. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20143943. [PMID: 32679882 PMCID: PMC7412454 DOI: 10.3390/s20143943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of Airgo™, a non-invasive wearable device that records breath, with respect to a gold standard. In 21 healthy subjects (10 males, 11 females), four parameters were recorded for four min at rest and in different positions simultaneously by Airgo™ and SensorMedics 2900 metabolic cart. Then, a cardio-pulmonary exercise test was performed using the Erg 800S cycle ergometer in order to test Airgo™'s accuracy during physical effort. The results reveal that the relative error median percentage of respiratory rate was of 0% for all positions at rest and for different exercise intensities, with interquartile ranges between 3.5 (standing position) and 22.4 (low-intensity exercise) breaths per minute. During exercise, normalized amplitude and ventilation relative error medians highlighted the presence of an error proportional to the volume to be estimated. For increasing intensity levels of exercise, Airgo™'s estimate tended to underestimate the values of the gold standard instrument. In conclusion, the Airgo™ device provides good accuracy and precision in the estimate of respiratory rate (especially at rest), an acceptable estimate of tidal volume and minute ventilation at rest and an underestimation for increasing volumes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Angelucci A, Aliverti A. Telemonitoring systems for respiratory patients: technological aspects. Pulmonology 2020; 26:221-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
8
|
Sacco G, Piuzzi E, Pittella E, Pisa S. An FMCW Radar for Localization and Vital Signs Measurement for Different Chest Orientations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3489. [PMID: 32575677 PMCID: PMC7348911 DOI: 10.3390/s20123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work tests the ability of fmcw radar to measure the respiratory rate and the heartbeat of a subject in challenging indoor scenarios. To simulate a realistic configuration for ambient assisted living (AAL) applications, in which the thorax orientation towards the antenna is typically unknown, four different scenarios were considered. Measurements were performed on five volunteers positioned with the chest, left, back, and right side facing the antenna, respectively. The 5 . 8 radar and the antennas used for the measurements were suitably designed for the considered application. To obtain a low cost and compact system, series-fed arrays were preferred over other antenna topologies. The geometry of the patches was opportunely shaped to reduce the side lobe level (SLL) and increase the bandwidth, thus ensuring good system performances. In all scenarios, the vital signs extracted from the radar signal were compared with the ones collected by a photoplethysmograph and a respiratory belt, used as references. A statistical analysis of the measured data on the different subjects and orientations was performed, showing that the radar was able to measure with high accuracy both the respiratory rate and the heartbeat in all considered configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sacco
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Emanuele Piuzzi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Erika Pittella
- Department of Legal and Economic Sciences, Pegaso University, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Pisa
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|