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De La Cruz JP, Osuna-Esteban L, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Ortega-Hombrados L, Sánchez-Tévar AM, Martín-Aurioles E, Fernández-Prior MÁ, Pérez-Burillo S, Espejo-Calvo JA, González-Correa JA. Effect of a Triterpenoid-Rich Olive Oil on Chronic Kidney Disease in an Experimental Model of Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2024; 16:2794. [PMID: 39203930 PMCID: PMC11357248 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of triterpenoids on the development of diabetic nephropathy in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus. For this purpose, a destoned and dehydrated olive oil (DDOO) was used, comparing its effects to a destoned olive oil (DOO). DDOO had a higher triterpenoid content than DOO but an equal content of alcoholic polyphenols. Four study groups (n = 10 animals/group) were formed: healthy rats, diabetic control rats (DRs), and DRs treated orally with 0.5 mL/kg/day of DOO or DDOO for two months. DRs showed impaired renal function (proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, decreased renal creatinine clearance) and morphology (glomerular volume and glomerulosclerosis). These alterations correlated with increased systemic and renal tissue oxidative stress and decreased prostacyclin production. DDOO administration significantly reduced all variables of renal damage, as well as systemic and renal oxidative stress, to a greater extent than the effect produced by DOO. In conclusion, triterpenoid-rich olive oil may prevent kidney damage in experimental diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro De La Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Laura Osuna-Esteban
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Laura Ortega-Hombrados
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Ana María Sánchez-Tévar
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | | | | | - Sergio Pérez-Burillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Juan Antonio Espejo-Calvo
- Tecnofood I+D+i Soluciones S.L., Instituto para la Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria (ICSA), 18320 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.); (L.O.-E.); (L.O.-H.); (A.M.S.-T.); (S.P.-B.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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Gonçalves M, Vale N, Silva P. Neuroprotective Effects of Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:762. [PMID: 39061831 PMCID: PMC11274152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in their development. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the neuroprotective potential of olive oil, with a primary focus on its antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of olive oil, including key antioxidants, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and oleocanthal, is systematically examined. The mechanisms by which these compounds provide neuroprotection, including counteracting oxidative damage and modulating neuroprotective pathways, are explored. The neuroprotective efficacy of olive oil is evaluated by synthesizing findings from various sources, including in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials. The integration of olive oil into dietary patterns, particularly its role in the Mediterranean diet, and its broader implications in neurodegenerative disease prevention are also discussed. The challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications are acknowledged and future research directions are proposed to better understand the potential of olive oil in mitigating the risk of neurodegenerative conditions. This review highlights olive oil not only as a dietary component, but also as a promising candidate in preventive neurology, advocating for further investigation in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- iNOVA Media Lab, ICNOVA-NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal
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Filardo S, Roberto M, Di Risola D, Mosca L, Di Pietro M, Sessa R. Olea europaea L-derived secoiridoids: Beneficial health effects and potential therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108595. [PMID: 38301769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, health challenges have become increasingly complex and global and, at the beginning of the 21st century, chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, and chronic respiratory diseases, as well as cancer and diabetes, have been identified by World Health Organization as one of the biggest threats to human health. Recently, antimicrobial resistance has also emerged as a growing problem of public health for the management of infectious diseases. In this scenario, the exploration of natural products as supplementation or alternative therapeutic options is acquiring great importance, and, among them, the olive tree, Olea europaea L, specifically leaves, fruits, and oil, has been increasingly investigated for its health promoting properties. Traditionally, these properties have been largely attributed to the high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids, although, in recent years, beneficial effects have also been associated to other components, particularly polyphenols. Among them, the most interesting group is represented by Olea europaea L secoiridoids, comprising oleuropein, oleocanthal, oleacein, and ligstroside, which display anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer activities. This review provides an overview of the multiple health beneficial effects, the molecular mechanisms, and the potential applications of secoiridoids from Olea europaea L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Filardo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattioli Roberto
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Di Risola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Di Pietro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sessa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Rivero-Pino F. Oleocanthal - Characterization, production, safety, functionality and in vivo evidences. Food Chem 2023; 425:136504. [PMID: 37276673 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oleocanthal, OC, 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl(3S,4E)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoate, is a natural organic compound exclusively found in Olea europaea L. (Oleoaceae), such as extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Chemically, it is considered a monophenolic secoiridoid, taking part of the validated antioxidants naturally occurring in some plant-based foods. In this review, the aim is to summarize the identity and characteristics of this molecule, where it can be obtained (isolation from the natural source or chemical synthesis), as well as the use as food component. Then, the bioavailability, safety and studies aiming to demonstrate the potential health benefits, including in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rivero-Pino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Micheli L, Bertini L, Bonato A, Villanova N, Caruso C, Caruso M, Bernini R, Tirone F. Role of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein in the Prevention of Aging and Related Disorders: Focus on Neurodegeneration, Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071767. [PMID: 37049607 PMCID: PMC10096778 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multi-faceted process caused by the accumulation of cellular damage over time, associated with a gradual reduction of physiological activities in cells and organs. This degeneration results in a reduced ability to adapt to homeostasis perturbations and an increased incidence of illnesses such as cognitive decline, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle pathologies. Key features of aging include a chronic low-grade inflammation state and a decrease of the autophagic process. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with longevity and ability to counteract the onset of age-related disorders. Extra virgin olive oil, a fundamental component of this diet, contains bioactive polyphenolic compounds as hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and oleuropein (OLE), known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review is focused on brain, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota, as these systems are known to interact at several levels. After the description of the chemistry and pharmacokinetics of HTyr and OLE, we summarize studies reporting their effects in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases of the central/peripheral nervous system, adult neurogenesis and depression, senescence and lifespan, and age-related skeletal muscle disorders, as well as their impact on the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Agnese Bonato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Villanova
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizia Caruso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini 32, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
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Arangia A, Marino Y, Impellizzeri D, D’Amico R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Hydroxytyrosol and Its Potential Uses on Intestinal and Gastrointestinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043111. [PMID: 36834520 PMCID: PMC9964144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the phytoconstituents of foods in the Mediterranean diet (MD) have been the subject of several studies for their beneficial effects on human health. The traditional MD is described as a diet heavy in vegetable oils, fruits, nuts, and fish. The most studied element of MD is undoubtedly olive oil due precisely to its beneficial properties that make it an object of interest. Several studies have attributed these protective effects to hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol contained in olive oil and leaves. HT has been shown to be able to modulate the oxidative and inflammatory process in numerous chronic disorders, including intestinal and gastrointestinal pathologies. To date, there is no paper that summarizes the role of HT in these disorders. This review provides an overview of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties of HT against intestinal and gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Arangia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.D.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & R.D.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.D.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & R.D.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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The Effect of the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Minor Phenolic Compound 3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylglycol in Experimental Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020377. [PMID: 36678248 PMCID: PMC9866567 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the possible nephroprotective effect of 3',4'-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a polyphenolic compound of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), on renal lesions in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Rats were distributed as follows: healthy normoglycemic rats (NDR), diabetic rats treated with saline (DR), and DR treated with 0.5 mg/kg/day or 1 mg/kg/day of DHPG. DR showed a significantly higher serum and renal oxidative and nitrosative stress profile than NDR, as well as reduced prostacyclin production and renal damage (defined as urinary protein excretion, reduced creatinine clearance, increased glomerular volume, and increased glomerulosclerosis index). DHPG reduced the oxidative and nitrosative stress and increased prostacyclin production (a 59.2% reduction in DR and 34.7-7.8% reduction in DHPG-treated rats), as well as 38-56% reduction in urinary protein excretion and 22-46% reduction in glomerular morphological parameters (after the treatment with 0.5 or 1 mg/kg/day, respectively). Conclusions: DHPG administration to type 1-like diabetic rats exerts a nephroprotective effect probably due to the sum of its antioxidant (Pearson's coefficient 0.68-0.74), antinitrosative (Pearson's coefficient 0.83), and prostacyclin production regulator (Pearson's coefficient 0.75) effects.
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Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Pérez de Algaba I, Martín-Aurioles E, Arrebola MM, Ortega-Hombrados L, Verdugo C, Fernández-Prior MÁ, Bermúdez-Oria A, De La Cruz JP, González-Correa JA. Neuroprotective Effect of 3',4'-Dihydroxyphenylglycol in Type-1-like Diabetic Rats-Influence of the Hydroxytyrosol/3',4'-dihydroxyphenylglycol Ratio. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061146. [PMID: 35334801 PMCID: PMC8950825 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the possible neuroprotective effect of 3′,4′-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a polyphenol from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), in an experimental model of diabetes and whether this effect is modified by the presence of another EVOO polyphenol, hydroxytyrosol (HT). The neuroprotective effect was assessed in a hypoxia–reoxygenation model in brain slices and by quantifying retinal nerve cells. The animals were distributed as follows: (1) normoglycemic rats (NDR), (2) diabetic rats (DR), (3) DR treated with HT (5 mg/kg/day p.o.), (4) DR treated with DHPG (0.5 mg/kg/day), or (5) with 1 mg/kg/day, (6) DR treated with HT plus DHPG 0.5 mg/kg/day, or (7) HT plus 1 mg/kg/day p.o. DHPG. Diabetic animals presented higher levels of oxidative stress variables and lower numbers of neuronal cells in retinal tissue. The administration of DHPG or HT reduced most of the oxidative stress variables and brain lactate dehydrogenase efflux (LDH) as an indirect index of cellular death and also reduced the loss of retinal cells. The association of DHPG+HT in the same proportions, as found in EVOO, improved the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of both polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | | | | | | | - Laura Ortega-Hombrados
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Cristina Verdugo
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María África Fernández-Prior
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - José Pedro De La Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952131567
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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9
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De La Cruz Cortés JP, Vallejo-Carmona L, Arrebola MM, Martín-Aurioles E, Rodriguez-Pérez MD, Ortega-Hombrados L, Verdugo C, Fernández-Prior MÁ, Bermúdez-Oria A, González-Correa JA. Synergistic Effect of 3',4'-Dihidroxifenilglicol and Hydroxytyrosol on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Some Cardiovascular Biomarkers in an Experimental Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121983. [PMID: 34943086 PMCID: PMC8750252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess a possible synergistic effect of two extra-virgin olive oil polyphenols, 3,4,-dyhydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and hydroxytyrosol (HT), in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Seven groups of animals were studied: (1) Nondiabetic rats (NDR), (2) 2-month-old diabetic rats (DR), (3) DR treated with 5 mg/kg/day p.o. HT, (4) DR treated with 0.5 mg/kg/day p.o. DHPG, (5) DR treated with 1 mg/kg/day p.o. DHPG, (6) DR treated with HT + DHPG (0.5), (7) DR treated with HT + DHPG (1). Oxidative stress variables (lipid peroxidation, glutathione, total antioxidant activity, 8-isoprostanes, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and oxidized LDL), nitrosative stress (3-nitrotyrosine), and some cardiovascular biomarkers (platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2, prostacyclin, myeloperoxidase, and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1)) were analyzed. The diabetic animals showed an imbalance in all of the analyzed variables. HT exerted an antioxidant and downregulatory effect on prothrombotic biomarkers while reducing the fall of prostacyclin. DHPG presented a similar, but quantitatively lower, profile. HT plus DHPG showed a synergistic effect in the reduction of oxidative and nitrosative stress, platelet aggregation, production of prostacyclin, myeloperoxidase, and VCAM-1. This synergism could be important for the development of functional oils enriched in these two polyphenols in the proportion used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro De La Cruz Cortés
- Departmento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.C.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Leticia Vallejo-Carmona
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Ana G. Mendez, Recinto Cupei, San Juan PR 00928, Puerto Rico;
| | | | | | - María Dolores Rodriguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.C.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952131567
| | - Laura Ortega-Hombrados
- Departmento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.C.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - Cristina Verdugo
- Departmento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.C.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María África Fernández-Prior
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de la Grasa, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de la Grasa, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Departmento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.P.D.L.C.C.); (L.O.-H.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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