1
|
Peng K, Liu G, Wang J, Chen T. Psychometric Properties of Fine Motor Function Measure in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Rasch Analysis. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024:99228241274295. [PMID: 39183559 DOI: 10.1177/00099228241274295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Our study utilized Rasch Analysis to examine the psychometric properties of 61-items fine motor function measure (FMFM) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Partial credit model (PCM) was utilized to test the reliability and validity of FMFM. The response pattern of this samples displayed acceptable fitness to PCM. The analysis results supported the assumption of 1-dimensionality of FMFM. Disordered category thresholds were found in 30 items. Differential item functioning (DIF) was detected in 23 items. Participants with different CP subtypes in different age groups may perform in differently responses patterns. The Rasch analysis produces reliable evidence to support the clinical application of FMFM. Some items may produce inaccurate measurements originated from category structures. Difference in age groups and symptom topography may be associated with variation in fine motor ability among children with CP and leading to unnecessary assessment bias. Hence, FMFM items need modifications to calibrate the former item formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Turong Chen
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elkholi SM, Awad SS, Alotaibi MH. Neglect of Psychological Care for Children with Cerebral Palsy and Their Families and Its Impact on Their Occupational Engagement in Saudi Arabia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1216. [PMID: 39202497 PMCID: PMC11356549 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Many children with (CP) and their families in Saudi Arabia struggle emotionally. Unfortunately, there have not been many studies conducted on how to help them with these challenges. This research aims to bring attention to this gap and to explore how a lack of proper mental health care might affect these children's ability to participate in everyday activities. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a survey was conducted between August and October 2023. A total of 300 parents of CP children from Saudi Arabia participated in the study. The impact of psychological care negligence on the occupational engagement of CP children and their families was assessed by designing a valid questionnaire. Results: A total of 300 parents of children with CP participated in this study. The majority of the sample, 71% of parents, said that their children did not receive any psychological care, and 59.7% of the participants said that their children did not even receive a referral to a psychologist. However, 60.3% of parents of children noticed a significant decline in the occupational performance of their children, and 65.7% predicted an improvement in their children's performance with future psychological care. Conclusions: It is clear that there is a lack of awareness about the importance of mental health care for children with CP in Saudi Arabia. This lack of care hinders these children and their families' occupational engagement and social participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M. Elkholi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Madawi H. Alotaibi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alghadier M, Basuodan RM, Albesher RA, Waqas S, Suliman EM, Hassan M. Regional Disparities in Growth Patterns of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Analysis of Saudi Arabian, UK, and US Data. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:891. [PMID: 39201827 PMCID: PMC11352230 DOI: 10.3390/children11080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM In order to understand the global variations in the growth trajectories of cerebral palsy patients, this study aimed to compare the growth patterns of cerebral palsy patients in Saudi Arabi with United States and United Kingdom counterparts. METHOD Anthropometric data from 107 participants with cerebral palsy in Saudi Arabia were collected, including age, gender, cerebral palsy type, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, birth weight, weight at assessment, height at assessment, body mass index, and head circumference at assessment. RESULTS This study found discrepancies between the growth patterns of Saudi Arabian children with cerebral palsy and United Kingdom and the United States growth charts, particularly among those with severe cerebral palsy. Significant differences were observed in weight, height, and body mass index z-scores when comparing Saudi Arabian data with the United kingdom and United States reference data. INTERPRETATION These findings emphasize the importance of validating growth charts across different populations to ensure accurate monitoring and clinical management of children with cerebral palsy. Additionally, this study highlights the need for region-specific growth references to better address the diverse needs of individuals with cerebral palsy worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mshari Alghadier
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M. Basuodan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Reem A. Albesher
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.B.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Saadia Waqas
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Eman Misbah Suliman
- Children with Disability Association, Riyadh 12273, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohammed Hassan
- Children with Disability Association, Riyadh 12273, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.S.); (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abate BB, Tegegne KM, Zemariam AB, Wondmagegn Alamaw A, Kassa MA, Kitaw TA, Abebe GK, Azmeraw Bizuayehu M. Magnitude and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy among children in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003003. [PMID: 38905321 PMCID: PMC11192420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood which causes a child's behavioral, feeding, and sleep difficulties. It remains a poorly studied health problem in Africa. The main aim of this study was assessing the pooled prevalence of Cerebral Palsy (CP) and its clinical characteristics in Africa context. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to search articles from electronic databases (Cochrane library, Ovid platform) (Medline, Embase, and Emcare), Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care Database (MIDIRS). The last search date was on 12/05/ 2023 G. C. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled estimates of cerebral palsy and its types. The subgroup analysis, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were done. Studies on prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were prevalence and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy respectively. A total of 15 articles with (n = 498406 patients) were included for the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of cerebral palsy in Africa was found to be 3·34 (2·70, 3·98). The most common type is spastic cerebral palsy accounting 69·30% (66·76, 71·83) of all cases. The second one is quadriplegic cerebral palsy which was found to be 41·49% (33·16, 49·81). Ataxic cerebral palsy accounted 5·36% (3·22, 7·50). On the other hand, dyskinetic cerebral palsy was found to be 10.88% (6·26, 15·49). About 32·10% (19·25, 44.95) of cases were bilateral while 25·17% (16·84, 33·50) were unilateral. The incidence of cerebral palsy in Africa surpasses the reported rates in developed nations. Spastic and quadriplegic subtypes emerge as the most frequently observed. It is recommended to channel initiatives toward the strategic focus on preventive measures, early detection strategies, and comprehensive management protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Beletew Abate
- Assistant Professor in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | | | - Alemu Birara Zemariam
- MSc in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Wondmagegn Alamaw
- MSc in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Mulat Awoke Kassa
- MSc in Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Tegene Atamenta Kitaw
- MSc in Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremeskel Kibret Abebe
- MSc in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Azmeraw Bizuayehu
- MSc in Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Weldiya, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mushta SM, Alghamdi R, Almalki H, Waqas S, Alawwadh A, Barasheed O, Garnan M, McIntyre S, Rashid H, Badawi N, Khandaker G. Saudi Cerebral Palsy Register (SCPR): Protocol on the Methods and Technical Details. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:453-461. [PMID: 38358616 PMCID: PMC11176122 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This protocol presents a comprehensive proposal for the establishment of the Saudi Cerebral Palsy Register (SCPR), a crucial project for investigating and addressing the prevalence, etiology, and management of cerebral palsy (CP) in Saudi Arabia. The SCPR will not only provide a robust database for ongoing research and analysis but will also serve as a platform for investigating the causes of CP, implementing preventative strategies, and improving the quality of care and outcomes for people with CP and their families in Saudi Arabia. Detailed case definitions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and data collection protocols are discussed to ensure the integrity and comparability of the data. The plan also outlines strategic funding, institutional and government endorsement, sustainability considerations, potential challenges and proposed solutions, and expected outcomes and impact. These include creating research and educational opportunities, fostering regional and international collaborations, and significantly contributing to CP prevention strategies. Overcoming anticipated obstacles, such as stigma, institutional policies, and collaborations, and securing both necessary funding and endorsements are highlighted as critical for the success of the SCPR. The project is not only aligned with promote prevention of health risks, a target of Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia, but is also expected to have a substantial impact on the health and quality of life of people with CP and their families in Saudi Arabia, serving as inspiration for similar efforts worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Mukhdari Mushta
- Public Health Authority (PHA), 13351, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Riyad Alghamdi
- Public Health Authority (PHA), 13351, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Almalki
- Public Health Agency, Ministry of Health, 12382, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saadia Waqas
- King Fahad Center, Children with Disability Association (CDA), 12273, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alawwadh
- Khamis Mushayt Maternity and Children Hospital (KMMCH), 62454, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Barasheed
- The Executive Administration of Research and Innovation, King Abdullah Medical City in Holy Capital (KAMC-HC), 24246, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Garnan
- Public Health Administration, Asir Health, 62523, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Harunor Rashid
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network (SCHN), Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, 4700, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Almosallam A, Qureshi AZ, Alzahrani B, AlSultan S, Alzubaidi WI, Alsanad A. Caregiver Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior toward Care of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Saudi Arabian Perspective. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:982. [PMID: 38786393 PMCID: PMC11121316 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The care of children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires a complex system of care that is not only dependent on health care resources, but is also strongly influenced by social and cultural attributes. Hence, it is important to explore the understanding and practices of caregivers within a regional perspective. This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) of parents with children diagnosed with CP in Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional survey was conducted on the caregivers of children with CP admitted for inpatient rehabilitation between October 2023 to January 2024. A total of 216 caregivers participated in this survey. About 82.9% of caregivers were the mothers of CP children, half (50.5%) were ≤36 years old, 53.7% were highly educated, and 89.2% lived in urban areas. More than half of the participants (57.7%) owned their homes. Regarding children, spastic quadriplegia was the most common type (46.3% of cases). Overall, the participants recorded good values for all variables for KAB. The mean value for attitude was higher (2.67 ± 0.20) when compared to behavior (2.49 ± 0.36) and knowledge (2.46 ± 0.25). Participants who had children with spastic quadriplegia CP reported lower behavior scores than their peers. Strategies with a special emphasis on improving the behaviors of caregivers for children with quadriplegia need to be adapted. Similarly, the living situations of families need to be taken into consideration given its significant association with the attitude of caregivers. A considerable lack of knowledge in handling emergency situations by caregivers signifies a gap in care, which could have potentially life-threatening consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Almosallam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Zaheer Qureshi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayer Alzahrani
- Department of Mental Health, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh 13571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultanh AlSultan
- Department of Patient Experience, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh 13571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Ibrahim Alzubaidi
- Department of Research and Scientific Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh 13571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alsanad
- Department of Patient Affairs, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh 13571, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alyoubi R, Mirza A, Busaleh F, Ashgar OW, Alamoudi AA, Alnoiqy AM, Alghamdi FA, AlGhamdi MA, Mazi A, Alyahyawi H. Risk Factor Predictors for Developing Epilepsy in Cerebral Palsy Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e59980. [PMID: 38854260 PMCID: PMC11162252 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major cause of childhood motor impairment worldwide. The prevalence of CP related to preterm births has increased consistently. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intra- or periventricular haemorrhage, cerebral dysgenesis and intracranial infections are among the factors contributing to CP onset. Several studies have explored epilepsy-related morbidity among children with CP, finding notable correlations between the two conditions. Worldwide, there are multiple studies highlighting the high prevalence of epilepsy among children with CP and its association with specific CP subtypes and neurologic insults. However, research on the risk factors for epilepsy in CP children is limited, particularly in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia. Aim This study aims to address this gap by analysing potential prenatal, antenatal, and postnatal risk factors associated with epilepsy development in children with CP. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of 152 children aged 1-14 years diagnosed with CP at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was conducted. Results The study showed a significant prevalence of epilepsy (68.4%), with generalised seizures being the most common type. Quadriplegia was notably common among CP children with epilepsy, indicating a potential correlation between motor impairment severity and epilepsy risk. Furthermore, CP children with epilepsy exhibited a higher prevalence of co-morbidities, emphasising the multifaceted nature of this condition. Perinatal and neonatal factors, such as hypoxic events, mechanical ventilation, perinatal asphyxia, neonatal convulsions, and microcephaly, were identified as significant risk factors for epilepsy in children with CP. While speech and hearing disorders were present in CP children with and without epilepsy, a slightly higher prevalence of impaired speech was observed in those with epilepsy. However, the difference between the two groups was not significant. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and potential risk factors associated with epilepsy among children diagnosed with CP in Saudi Arabia. The findings underscore the complexity of managing epilepsy in this population and highlight the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and support the development of targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alyoubi
- Neurology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ammar Mirza
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Fadi Busaleh
- Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH), Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Odai W Ashgar
- Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Muhnnad A AlGhamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ahlam Mazi
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
- Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Huda Alyahyawi
- Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alotaibi A, Ibrahim A, Ahmed R, Abualait T. Effectiveness of Partial Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training on Various Outcomes in Different Contexts among Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:9. [PMID: 38275430 PMCID: PMC10813858 DOI: 10.3390/children11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The efficiency of partial body weight-supported treadmill training (PBWSTT) for treating various conditions in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) in diverse contexts of rehabilitation, households, or schools is unknown. The major objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness of PBWSTT on various outcomes in different contexts among children and adolescents with CP. We incorporated full-text, randomized controlled trial studies that specifically assessed the effects of PBWSTT walking, motor function, stride, balance, and endurance in children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years with CP. The literature search was carried out using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, PEDro, and ResearchGate databases. The methodological quality was evaluated using a Cochrane risk of bias instrument. A meta-analysis of pooled data from 10 studies with 255 participants demonstrated that PBWSTT for 4-12 weeks in rehabilitation (mean difference [MD] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40-2.48, p < 0.0001), at home or in a school context (MD = 13.5, 95% CI = 13.9-16.0, p < 0.0001), was significantly effective for treating various conditions in children and adolescents suffering with CP. The period of 4-12 weeks of PBWSTT in rehabilitation and at-home/school settings is effective on various outcomes in children or adolescents with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed Alotaibi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Children’s Hospital, Ministry of Health, Taif 26514, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.); (R.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Alaa Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.); (R.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Raafat Ahmed
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.); (R.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Turki Abualait
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (A.I.); (R.A.); (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alharbi AA, Albalwi AA. Exploring the Influential Factors Impacting the Provision of Family-Centered Care for Children with Cerebral Palsy in Saudi Arabia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1868. [PMID: 38136070 PMCID: PMC10741779 DOI: 10.3390/children10121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Family-centered care is widely considered as best practice in pediatric rehabilitation. We aimed to investigate parents' perception of the family-centeredness of health care services for their children with cerebral palsy (CP) using the Arabic Measure of Processes of Care-20 (AR-MPOC-20). We also explored factors related to the child (sex, secondary impairments, and gross motor classification system level) and environment (family and residential region) that may influence the family-centeredness of services in Saudi Arabia. This was a cross-sectional study of 223 children with CP (age 6 months-18.2 years, M = 6.2 + 3.7 years) and their parents. Generally, parents perceived services as less family-centered. The lowest average score was for 'Providing General Information' (M = 2.9 ± 1.5), while 'Respectful and Supportive Care' had the highest average (M = 4.6 ± 1.8). Factors influencing the provision of family-centered care included being a female child and a mother's educational level. In addition, all subscales of AR-MPOC-20 differed by region, p < 0.001, except for 'Providing Specific Information' which did not significantly differ by region p = 0.163. Clinicians should consider the families' need for information regarding their children's condition and available services, with special attention to the mothers of female children and mothers with low levels of education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abdullah Alharbi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saleh MN, Alharbi A, Albalwi A, Alatawi S, Algamdi M, Alshahrani A, Al Bakri B, Almasri N. Characteristics of Children with Cerebral Palsy and Their Utilization of Services in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2690. [PMID: 37830727 PMCID: PMC10572454 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of research on cerebral palsy (CP) in developing countries aims to improve knowledge on affected children and the utilization of the available services. This study seeks to describe children with CP in Saudi Arabia and service utilization as per Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and geographic regions. A cross-sectional survey of 227 children with CP (Mean age 6.3, SD 3.9 years) was conducted. Parents reported on children's demographics, impairments, and service utilization. Half of the children (n = 113, 49.8%) had ≥3 impairments with speech, visual and learning impairments being the most frequent. The total number of impairments differed significantly by GMFCS, F (4, 218) = 8.87, p < 0.001. Most of the children (n = 86, 83.4%) used 2-5 services. Moreover, 139 (62.3%) did not attend school, 147 (65.9%) did not receive occupational therapy, and only 32 (14.3%) received speech therapy. More children in GMFCS level I did not receive neurologist services. Profiles of children and services were described by GMFCS and by regions. This was the first study to describe children with CP and service utilization in Saudi Arabia. Although many impairments affected the children, there was low utilization of related services. Data on service utilization and on unmet needs support a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation and the proper service allocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maysoun Nimer Saleh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Ahmad Alharbi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Albalwi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Salem Alatawi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Maaidah Algamdi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Alshahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Basil Al Bakri
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Nihad Almasri
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Javvaji CK, Vagha JD, Meshram RJ, Taksande A. Assessment Scales in Cerebral Palsy: A Comprehensive Review of Tools and Applications. Cureus 2023; 15:e47939. [PMID: 38034189 PMCID: PMC10685081 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex neurological condition characterized by motor dysfunction affecting millions worldwide. This comprehensive review delves into the critical role of assessment in managing CP. Beginning with exploring its definition and background, we elucidate the diverse objectives of CP assessment, ranging from diagnosis and goal setting to research and epidemiology. We examine standard assessment scales and tools, discuss the challenges inherent in CP assessment, and highlight emerging trends, including integrating technology, personalized medicine, and neuroimaging. The applications of CP assessment in clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, research, and education are underscored. Recommendations for the future encompass standardization, interdisciplinary collaboration, research priorities, and professional training. In conclusion, we emphasize the importance of assessment as a compass guiding the care of individuals with CP, issuing a call to action for improved assessment practices to shape a brighter future for those affected by this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Kumar Javvaji
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jayant D Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Revat J Meshram
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amar Taksande
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Albalwi AA, Saleh MN, Alharbi AA, Al-Bakri Q, Alatawi SF. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the functional mobility scale in children with cerebral palsy into Arabic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1199337. [PMID: 37645707 PMCID: PMC10461045 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is a lifelong disorder of posture and movement which often leads to a myriad of limitations in functional mobility. The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) is a parent-report measure of functional mobility for children with CP at three different distances (5 m, 50 m, and 500 m). This is a cross-sectional study which sought to translate and culturally adapt the FMS into Arabic and to validate the translated version. Functional mobility for children and adolescents with CP in Saudi Arabia was examined. Methods The translation methodology complied with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 translation package. A total of 154 children with CP were recruited (mean age 8.16 ± 3.32 years). Parents were interviewed to rate the usual walking ability of their children on the Arabic FMS. The re-test assessment was done with 34 families. The mean time interval between the first and second sessions was 14.3 days (SD = 8.5), with a range of 6-37 days. Results Concurrent validity was explored using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between scores of the Arabic FMS with their corresponding score on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Spearman's r values ranged between (-0.895 and -0.779), indicating strong to very strong correlations. The Test-retest reliability was examined using Cohen's weighted kappa, which showed almost perfect agreements. There was greater limitation for functional mobility at longer distances as 55.2% of children could not complete 500 meters (FMS score N). Overall, there was limited use of wheelchairs for all distances (ranging from 9.1% to 14.3%). Levels IV and V on the GMFCS had less variation in FMS scores and most of the children in these levels either did not complete the distances (no functional mobility at all distances) or used a wheelchair for mobility. Discussion The Arabic FMS was shown to be a reliable and valid measure of functional mobility for children with CP in their environment based on the parental reports. Functional mobility varied at different distances and within each GMFCS level. The use of both the GMFCS and FMS when assessing children with CP is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Albalwi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoun N. Saleh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A. Alharbi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qais Al-Bakri
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Salem F. Alatawi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maaoui R, Karoui S, Hfaidh M, Mouhli N, Ezzine Z, Ksibi I, Rahali H, Barakizou H, Hamdi K. Cerebral palsy of the child in rehabilitation environment: epidemiologic and clinical profile and therapeutic modalities. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2023; 101:642-647. [PMID: 38445427 PMCID: PMC11217962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture causing activity limitation. AIM To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological profile of children with CP and to study the therapeutic modalities in daily clinical practice. METHOD This was a retrospective, descriptive study, carried out in a physical medicine and rehabilitation department, including all the patients referred with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy between January 2000 and December 2016. We used pre-established records to collect data. The missing data were collected from the files of the pediatric department. To classify cerebral palsy, we used a motor impairment classification, topographic classification according to the affected limb and the GMFCS - ER. RESULTS Fifty patients were included with a gender ratio of 1.23. The mean age of patients was 7.8 years old. The risk factors for CP were mainly represented by perinatal asphyxia (55%) and prematurity (37%). The spastic form was predominant (74%). Quadriplegia was the most severe clinical form (61%). Neuro-orthopedic deformations were found in 78% of cases. Half of the children had GMFCS score between 1 and 2. Brain MRI lesions were dominated by anoxic-ischemic sequelae (34%). Physical therapy was prescribed for all patients. The most prescribed devices were the dynamic ankle foot orthosis (60%). Baclofen was prescribed in 5% of cases and botulinum toxin injection was performed in 30% of children. CONCLUSION The cerebral palsy defines the clinical and functional disorders caused by non-progressive developmental damage to the brain of the infant which requires a multidisciplinary management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Maaoui
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Military hospital of Tunis
| | - Souad Karoui
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Military hospital of Tunis
| | - Meriem Hfaidh
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Military hospital of Tunis
| | - Najla Mouhli
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Military hospital of Tunis
| | - Zied Ezzine
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Military hospital of Tunis
| | - Imene Ksibi
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Military hospital of Tunis
| | - Hajer Rahali
- Physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Military hospital of Tunis
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Başaran A, Kilinç Z, Sari H, Gündüz E. Etiological risk factors in children with cerebral palsy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33479. [PMID: 37058062 PMCID: PMC10101261 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the etiological risk factors of cerebral palsy, especially the preventable ones. The study was carried out with the mothers of 210 children with cerebral palsy (CP) registered in Mardin Guidance and Research Center between February and May 2022. The data form prepared by the researchers was applied to the mothers by face-to-face interview technique. The data form consisted of 29 questions including sociodemographic characteristics of the child and mother, risk factors for CP, and secondary medical problems of the child. Of the 210 patients included in the study, 43.3% (91) were female and 56.7% (119) were male. The mean age of the children was 67.4 (SD = 50.6) weeks, and 73.3% of children were premature. The number of children with a birth weight below 2500 g was 48.1% (101). The mean birth weight was 2472.5 (SD = 871.8) g. The children with another disabled sibling consisted 6.2% of the population. Among the mothers, 41.9% stated that they were illiterate and 73.3% stated that their income status was low. The rate of the parents that were related to each other was 51%. In our study, it was noteworthy that most of the children were premature, had low birth weight, more than half of them had parents who were relatives, the education level of the mothers was low, the socioeconomic status of most of the families was low, and most of these risk factors were preventable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alev Başaran
- Mardin Training and Research Hospital Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kilinç
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Department of Public Health, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hidir Sari
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Department of Public Health, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ercan Gündüz
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Towards functional improvement of motor disorders associated with cerebral palsy. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:229-243. [PMID: 36657477 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition arising from non-progressive disorders occurring in the fetal or infant brain. Cerebral palsy has long been categorised into discrete motor types based on the predominance of spasticity, dyskinesia, or ataxia. However, these motor disorders, muscle weakness, hypotonia, and impaired selective movements should also be discriminated across the range of presentations and along the lifespan. Although cerebral palsy is permanent, function changes across the lifespan, indicating the importance of interventions to improve outcomes in motor disorders associated with the condition. Mounting evidence exists for the inclusion of several interventions, including active surveillance, adapted physical activity, and nutrition, to prevent secondary and tertiary complications. Avenues for future research include the development of evidence-based recommendations, low-cost and high-quality alternatives to existing therapies to ensure universal access, standardised cerebral palsy registers to harmonise epidemiological and clinical information, improved adult screening and check-up programmes to facilitate positive lived experiences, and phase 3 trials for new interventions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Editorial: Early Detection and Early Intervention Strategies for Cerebral Palsy in Low and High Resource Settings. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080960. [PMID: 35892401 PMCID: PMC9331917 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|