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Li Z, Cai S, Wang Z, Ding X, Wang Q, Chen R. Impact of excessive daytime sleepiness on attention impairment in obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional observational study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s00405-024-08756-0. [PMID: 38914814 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and attention impairment in Chinese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS A total of 1996 OSA patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 5 events per hour were included in this study. EDS was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), while cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). RESULTS OSA patients with EDS demonstrated higher body mass index (BMI), comorbidities of hypertension and diabetes, decreased N3 sleep, increased AHI and ODI, as well as lower minimum oxygen saturation. Despite no significant differences in total cognitive scores assessed by MMSE and MoCA, individuals with comorbid sleepiness exhibited more evident attention deficits in the subdomains of MoCA. Stratified analysis indicated that regardless of age, educational level was the primary factor influencing attention in the AHI < =20 group. In the AHI > 20 group, attention impairment in patients younger than 40 remained significantly associated with education level, whereas for individuals aged 40 and above, attention deficits were associated with education level, age, and daytime sleepiness. The interaction analysis indicated that OSA severity modulated the impact of sleepiness on attention in patients aged 40 and above. CONCLUSION A significant correlation was observed between EDS and attention deficits in Chinese individuals diagnosed with OSA, with a particular emphasis on patients aged 40 and above. The severity of OSA modulates the impact of sleepiness on attention in patients aged 40 and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sijie Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Sleep Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Maniaci A, La Via L, Pecorino B, Chiofalo B, Scibilia G, Lavalle S, Scollo P. Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review of Maternal and Fetal Implications. Neurol Int 2024; 16:522-532. [PMID: 38804478 PMCID: PMC11130811 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent yet underdiagnosed condition in pregnancy, associated with various maternal and fetal complications. This review synthesizes the current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and neurological consequences of OSA in pregnancy, along with the potential management strategies. Articles were sourced from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases until 2023. Our comprehensive review highlights that the incidence of OSA increases during pregnancy due to physiological changes such as weight gain and hormonal fluctuations. OSA in pregnancy is linked with gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and potential adverse fetal outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy remains the most effective management strategy for pregnant women with OSA. However, adherence to CPAP therapy is often suboptimal. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of the early recognition, timely diagnosis, and effective management of OSA in pregnancy to improve both maternal and fetal outcomes. Future research should focus on enhancing screening strategies and improving adherence to CPAP therapy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Maniaci
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (B.P.); (B.C.); (S.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Luigi La Via
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Policlinico “G.Rodolico—San Marco” Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Basilio Pecorino
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (B.P.); (B.C.); (S.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Benito Chiofalo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (B.P.); (B.C.); (S.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Scibilia
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, ASP 7, 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Lavalle
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (B.P.); (B.C.); (S.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Scollo
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.M.); (B.P.); (B.C.); (S.L.); (P.S.)
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Lavalle S, Masiello E, Iannella G, Magliulo G, Pace A, Lechien JR, Calvo-Henriquez C, Cocuzza S, Parisi FM, Favier V, Bahgat AY, Cammaroto G, La Via L, Gagliano C, Caranti A, Vicini C, Maniaci A. Unraveling the Complexities of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:425. [PMID: 38672697 PMCID: PMC11050908 DOI: 10.3390/life14040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), affecting approximately 1 billion adults globally, is characterized by recurrent airway obstruction during sleep, leading to oxygen desaturation, elevated carbon dioxide levels, and disrupted sleep architecture. OSAS significantly impacts quality of life and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in the cardiovascular and cognitive domains. The cyclic pattern of intermittent hypoxia in OSAS triggers oxidative stress, contributing to cellular damage. This review explores the intricate relationship between OSAS and oxidative stress, shedding light on molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions. METHODS A comprehensive review spanning from 2000 to 2023 was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed English articles focusing on adults or animals and reporting values for oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers. RESULTS The review delineates the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in OSAS, leading to heightened oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species biomarkers, nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, and antioxidant defense mechanisms are explored in the context of OSAS. OSAS-related complications include cardiovascular disorders, neurological impairments, metabolic dysfunction, and a potential link to cancer. This review emphasizes the potential of antioxidant therapy as a complementary treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the molecular intricacies of oxidative stress in OSAS is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. The comprehensive analysis of biomarkers provides insights into the complex interplay between OSAS and systemic complications, offering avenues for future research and therapeutic advancements in this multifaceted sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Lavalle
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy; (S.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Edoardo Masiello
- Clinical and Experimental Radiology Unit, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Department of ‘Organi di Senso’, University “Sapienza”, Viale dell’Università, 33, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Magliulo
- Department of ‘Organi di Senso’, University “Sapienza”, Viale dell’Università, 33, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Annalisa Pace
- Department of ‘Organi di Senso’, University “Sapienza”, Viale dell’Università, 33, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (G.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Jerome Rene Lechien
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, 7022 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Christian Calvo-Henriquez
- Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 78, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.P.)
| | - Federica Maria Parisi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 78, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.P.)
| | - Valentin Favier
- Service d’ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmed Yassin Bahgat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21577, Egypt;
| | - Giovanni Cammaroto
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini, 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Luigi La Via
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Policlinico-San Marco, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy; (S.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alberto Caranti
- ENT and Audiology Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudio Vicini
- ENT and Audiology Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy; (S.L.); (C.G.)
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Zheng Y, Yee BJ, Wong K, Grunstein RR, Piper AJ. A comparison of two obesity-related hypoventilation disorders: Impact on sleep, quality of life and neurocognitive outcomes and the effects of positive airway pressure therapy. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae016. [PMID: 38571727 PMCID: PMC10990061 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives Symptom impact and neurocognitive function have not been previously compared between patients with obesity-associated hypoventilation disorders (obesity hypoventilation syndrome [OHS]) and hypoventilation in the setting of obesity and obstructive airways disease (OHAD). The aim of this study is to compare baseline sleep-related symptoms, health-related quality of life, and neurocognitive function between OHS and OHAD and the impact of PAP therapy on these outcomes. Methods Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quality Index (PSQI), SF36, and various neurocognitive tests, in addition to anthropometric, polysomnography, lung function, and blood gas data from participants with OHS and participants with OHAD, were included in the analysis. These data were originally collected in their respective randomized clinical trials, comparing the efficacy of different PAP modes (bilevel PAP vs. CPAP) in resolving hypercapnia. Between groups (OHS vs OHAD), pre- and post-treatment (with 3 months of positive airway pressure) comparisons were made using linear mixed modeling. Results 45 OHS participants (mean age 51 years old, 33% female, BMI 52 kg/m2, FER 0.81, PaCO2 54 mmHg, AHI 87/h) and 32 OHAD participants (mean age 61years old, 31% female, BMI 43kg/m2, FER 0.60, PaCO2 54 mmHg, AHI 59/h) were included in the analysis. Both OHS and OHAD had similar baseline ESS (14(5.6) vs. 12(5.4)), Global PSQI (10(3.2) vs. 11(4.8)), SF36 and neurocognitive test performances (other than OHAD had lower digit symbol substitution test performance). Treatment with PAP therapy resulted in similar ESS, Global PSQI, and SF36 improvements in both groups. Neurocognitive performance did not significantly improve after PAP therapy in either group. Conclusions The symptom impact between two separate hypoventilation disorders (OHS and OHAD), in terms of sleepiness, sleep quality, quality of life, and cognitive function, were similar. OHS and OHAD had similar treatment responses in these parameters after 3 months of PAP therapy.Nocturnal ventilatory support in OHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Zheng
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Brendon J Yee
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Keith Wong
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Amanda J Piper
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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Sforza M, Salibba A, Carollo G, Scarpellino A, Bertone JM, Zucconi M, Casoni F, Castronovo V, Galbiati A, Ferini-Strambi L. Boosting obstructive sleep apnea therapy by non-pharmacological approaches: A network meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2024; 115:235-245. [PMID: 38382310 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common breathing-related sleep disorder with a considerable economic burden, low diagnosis and treatment rates. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP/PAP) is the principal therapy for OSA treatment; nevertheless, effectiveness is often limited by suboptimal adherence. The present network meta-analysis aims to systematically summarize and quantify different interventions' effects on CPAP/PAP adherence (such as mean usage CPAP or PAP in hours per night) in OSA patients, comparing Behavioral, Educational, Supportive and Mixed interventions in Randomized Control Trials (RCT). METHODS We conducted a computer-based search using the electronic databases of Pubmed, Psycinfo, Scopus, Embase, Chinal and Medline until August 2022, selecting 50 RCT. RESULTS By means of a random effect model network meta-analysis, results suggested that the most effective treatment in improving CPAP/PAP adherence was the Supportive approach followed by Behavioral Therapy focused on OSA treatment adherence. CONCLUSION This network meta-analysis might encourage the most experienced clinicians and researchers in the field to collaborate and implement treatments for improving CPAP/PAP treatment adherence. Moreover, these results support the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for OSA treatment, which should be framed within a biopsychological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sforza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Salibba
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carollo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarpellino
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - John Matteo Bertone
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Zucconi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Casoni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Castronovo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
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Schwerthöffer D, Haselwarter T, Grimmer T. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:809-823. [PMID: 38968050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive disorders, but little is known about prevalence of co-occurring OSA and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as about co-occurring OSA and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathophysiological models integrating OSA, cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration remain speculative. Findings in this area could contribute to the knowledge about pathophysiological processes in cognitive disorders and neurodegenerative processes, be helpful for the diagnosis of cognitive disorders and provide approaches for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Objective Examining the prevalence of OSA and patterns of cognitive deficits as well as AD biomarker profiles associated with OSA in a cohort of 104 MCI patients. Methods Assessments used include: respiratory polygraphy, The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD NB), Tau, phosphoTau181, amyloid-β-1-42/1-40, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F18-FDG-PET). Results Prevalence of OSA of any severity: 58,7% (Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI)≥5/h), OSA in a moderate-to-severe extent (AHI≥15/h): 25%. Only 13.1% of MCI patients with OSA reported daytime sleepiness. MCI-OSA patients showed no specific neuropsychological pattern. Presence of OSA was not associated with specific AD biomarker profiles in the whole study group besides a positive association between AD positivity in an AD biomarker sub cohort. Conclusions OSA is highly prevalent in patients with MCI. It might often remain undiagnosed as only a small number of MCI-OSA patients report daytime sleepiness. OSA could contribute to MCI symptoms and even to AD pathology. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to investigate possible pathophysiological relationships between OSA and MCI as well as between OSA and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schwerthöffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Suchtmedizin und Psychotherapie, kbo Isar-Amper-Klinikum Region München, Haar bei München, Germany
| | - Tim Haselwarter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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Georgopoulos D, Kondili E, Gerardy B, Alexopoulou C, Bolaki M, Younes M. Sleep Architecture Patterns in Critically Ill Patients and Survivors of Critical Illness: A Retrospective Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:1624-1632. [PMID: 37413661 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202301-038oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Sleep abnormalities are very frequent in critically ill patients during and after intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Their mechanisms are poorly understood. The odds ratio product (ORP) is a continuous metric (range, 0.0-2.5) of sleep depth measured in 3-second intervals and derived from the relationship of powers of different electroencephalographic frequencies to one another. When expressed as the percentage of epochs within 10 ORP deciles covering the entire ORP range, it provides information about the mechanism(s) of abnormal sleep. Objectives: To determine ORP architecture types in critically ill patients and survivors of critical illness who had previously undergone sleep studies. Methods: Nocturnal polysomnograms from 47 unsedated critically ill patients and 23 survivors of critical illness at hospital discharge were analyzed. Twelve critically ill patients were monitored also during the day, and 15 survivors underwent subsequent polysomnography 6 months after hospital discharge. In all polysomnograms, each 30-second epoch was characterized by the mean ORP of the 10 3-second epochs. The number of 30-second epochs with mean ORP within each of 10 ORP deciles covering the entire ORP range (0.0-2.5) was calculated and expressed as a percentage of total recording time. Thereafter, each polysomnogram was characterized using a two-digit ORP type, with the first digit (range, 1-3) reflecting increasing degrees of deep sleep (ORP < 0.5, deciles 1 and 2) and the second digit (range, 1-3) reflecting increasing degrees of full wakefulness (ORP > 2.25, decile 10). Results from patients were compared with those from 831 age- and gender-matched community dwellers free of sleep disorders. Results: In critically ill patients, types 1,1 and 1,2 (little deep sleep and little or average full wakefulness) dominated (46% of patients). In the community, these types are uncommon (<15%) and seen primarily in disorders that preclude progression to deep sleep (e.g., very severe obstructive sleep apnea). Next in frequency (22%) was type 1,3, consistent with hyperarousal. Day ORP sleep architecture was similar to night results. Survivors had similar patterns, with little improvement after 6 months. Conclusions: Sleep abnormalities in critically ill patients and survivors of critical illness result primarily from stimuli that preclude progression to deep sleep or from the presence of a hyperarousal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Georgopoulos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eumorfia Kondili
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Christina Alexopoulou
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Bolaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Magdy Younes
- Sleep Disorders Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Zhao L, Zhao Y, Su D, Lv Z, Xie F, Hu P, Porter KLA, Mazzei I, Chin JD, Wang Y, Fang Y. Cognitive Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Emphasis on Executive Functions and Decision-Making. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1436. [PMID: 37891804 PMCID: PMC10605234 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have cognitive dysfunction in many aspects, however, these patients' decision-making function remains unclear. In this study, the Game of Dice Task (GDT) was used to investigate the function of decision making in patients with OSAS. METHODS 30 participants with moderate to severe OSAS and 27 participants with no or mild OSAS diagnosed by sleep breathing monitor were selected from June 2021 to March 2022. Risky decision making was tested through the GDT with known risk probability. General demographic information and background cognitive functions, such as the overall cognitive functioning and executive functioning, were tested to establish baseline data. RESULTS There were no significant differences in gender, age, and years of education between the two groups. During the GDT, the moderate to severe OSAS group opted for the safety option at a statistically significant lower rate when compared to the no or mild OSAS group (7.53 ± 4.43 vs. 10.26 ± 4.26, p = 0.022). The moderate to severe OSAS group utilized the higher risk option than the group with no or mild OSAS (10.47 ± 4.43 vs. 7.74 ± 4.26, p = 0.022). The utilization rate of negative feedback in the moderate and severe OSAS group was lower than that in the no or mild OSAS group (7.50, 52.50 vs. 28.57, 100.00, p = 0.001). At the end of the GDT, the moderate and severe OSAS group was more likely to have negative total assets than the patients with no or mild OSAS (-1846.67 ± 2587.20 vs. 300.00 ± 1509.97, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that there is a negative correlation between the selection of risk options and negative feedback utilization in the GDT. CONCLUSION Patients with moderate and severe OSAS displayed impaired decision-making throughout the study. Impaired decision-making is related to executive processes and may be caused by diminished prefrontal cortex functioning. However, the functions of memory, attention, language, abstraction, and orientation are relatively retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230011, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230011, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Dongmei Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230011, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhi Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230011, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Fei Xie
- Neurology Department of Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230011, China;
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230022, China;
| | - Kierstin L. A. Porter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; (K.L.A.P.); (I.M.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Isabella Mazzei
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; (K.L.A.P.); (I.M.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Jaeson D. Chin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; (K.L.A.P.); (I.M.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Heifei 230011, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; (K.L.A.P.); (I.M.); (J.D.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Stilo G, Lo Faro C, Pollicina I, Falcone L, Campagna P, Felis S, Crimi S, La Mantia I, Leonardi R, Bianchi A. Mood, Behavioral Impairment, and Sleep Breathing Disorders in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients Treated with Maxillomandibular Advancement: Reflection on a Case Series and Review of Literature. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1425. [PMID: 37888036 PMCID: PMC10607968 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between depressive and cognitive symptoms and OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) is between 5 and 63%. We reported the case of two patients with severe OSAS and its associated depressive symptoms that were intolerant to continuous positive airway pressure (C-PAP) and underwent maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery. The severity of cognitive and depressive symptoms was assessed using validated questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and quality of life), medical observation, and patient-reported symptoms. We performed pre- and post-treatment polysomnography. Six months after treatment, the value of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) had returned to the normal range and, together with it, the depressive component was considerably reduced and the patients' overall quality of life (BDI, BAI, ESS, and qol) improved. Conclusion: We described significant improvement in all the analyzed parameters, such as physical and mental functioning, and depression and anxiety rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Stilo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, ENT Section, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (I.P.); (S.F.); (I.L.M.)
| | - Carmelo Lo Faro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, ENT Section, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (I.P.); (S.F.); (I.L.M.)
| | - Isabella Pollicina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, ENT Section, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (I.P.); (S.F.); (I.L.M.)
| | - Loredana Falcone
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (L.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Campagna
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (L.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Silvia Felis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, ENT Section, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (I.P.); (S.F.); (I.L.M.)
| | - Salvatore Crimi
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Maxillo Facial Surgery of Polyclinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (R.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Ignazio La Mantia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, ENT Section, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (I.P.); (S.F.); (I.L.M.)
| | - Rosalia Leonardi
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Maxillo Facial Surgery of Polyclinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (R.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Bianchi
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Maxillo Facial Surgery of Polyclinic “G. Rodolico-San Marco” University Hospital, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (S.C.); (R.L.); (A.B.)
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10
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Turner AD, Ong JC, Jones AL, Tu A, Salanitro M, Crawford MR. Neurocognitive functioning in comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea patients is better after positive airway pressure therapy, but worse after cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: exploratory analysis of cognitive outcomes from the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Insomnia and Comorbid Sleep Apnea study. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad128. [PMID: 37148183 PMCID: PMC10424173 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Neurocognitive impairments in comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) are not well documented. We explored neurocognitive functioning and treatment effects in individuals with COMISA as an ancillary study to a randomized clinical trial. METHODS Participants with COMISA (n = 45; 51.1% female; mean age = 52.07 ± 13.29 years), from a 3-arm randomized clinical trial combining cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and positive airway pressure (PAP) concurrently (CBT-I+PAP) or sequentially, completed neurocognitive testing at baseline, and post-treatment. Using Bayesian linear mixed models, we estimated effects of CBT-I, PAP, or CBT-I+PAP, compared to baseline, and CBT-I+PAP compared to PAP on 12 metrics across five cognitive domains. RESULTS This COMISA sample had worse neurocognitive performance at baseline than reported for insomnia, sleep apnea, and controls in the literature, though short-term memory and psychomotor speed performance appears intact. When comparing PAP to baseline, performance on all measures was better after treatment. Performance after CBT-I was worse compared to baseline, and only performance in attention/vigilance, executive functioning via Stroop interference and verbal memory was better with moderate-high effect sizes and moderate probability of superiority (61-83). Comparisons of CBT-I+PAP to baseline generated results similar to PAP and comparing CBT-I+PAP to PAP revealed superior performance in only attention/vigilance via psychomotor vigilance task lapses and verbal memory for PAP. CONCLUSIONS Treatment combinations involving CBT-I were associated with poorer neurocognitive performance. These potentially temporary effects may stem from sleep restriction, a component of CBT-I often accompanied by initially reduced total sleep time. Future studies should examine long-term effects of individual and combined COMISA treatment pathways to inform treatment recommendations. CLINICAL TRIAL This was an ancillary study from a clinical trial (Multidisciplinary Approach to the Treatment of Insomnia and Comorbid Sleep Apnea (MATRICS), which was preregistered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01785303)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlener D Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason C Ong
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Nox Health, Inc, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Alex L Jones
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Alice Tu
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Salanitro
- Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany and
| | - Megan R Crawford
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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11
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Sangalli L, Yanez-Regonesi F, Fernandez-Vial D, Moreno-Hay I. Self-reported improvement in obstructive sleep apnea symptoms compared to treatment response with mandibular advancement device therapy: a retrospective study. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1577-1588. [PMID: 36449217 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mandibular advancement device (MAD) is recognized as the treatment option for management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in mild-moderate cases or those unable to tolerate positive airway pressure therapy. Post-treatment sleep study is recommended to establish MAD efficacy when maximal therapeutic benefit is achieved based on OSA symptom improvement or maximum anatomical protrusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference between responders and non-responders in OSA symptom improvement and predictors of treatment success. METHODS Medical charts of patients referred to the Orofacial Pain Clinic between 2016 and 2021 for management of OSA with MAD were retrospectively evaluated. Participants with post-treatment sleep study with MAD in situ were included. Participants were categorized as responders according to different criteria: 50% reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) compared to baseline; post-treatment AHI ≤ 10 with ≥ 50% reduction from baseline; AHI ≤ 5 with ≥ 50% reduction. OSA symptoms included snoring, apneas, sleep quality, tiredness upon awakening, daytime sleepiness, and subjective improvement. Differences in pre- and post-treatment variables within/between groups and predictors were analyzed with t test and logistic regression. RESULTS Among 53 participants (30 females), mean age was 64.2 ± 10.7 and pre-treatment was AHI 23.3 ± 17.2. Depending upon the criteria, responders ranged between 26 and 57%. At first follow-up after MAD delivery, non-responders reported less tiredness upon awakening (p = 0.003), better sleep quality (p = 0.005), and greater subjective improvement (p = 0.012) than responders. Among significant OSA symptoms, tiredness upon awakening, poorer sleep quality, and less subjective improvement were consistently found as predictors of treatment response. CONCLUSION Subjective improvement, sleep quality, and tiredness upon awakening significantly improved in non-responders at first follow-up compared to responders, according to the strictest definition of treatment response. Therefore, a post-treatment sleep study is crucial to confirm proper management of OSA with MAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sangalli
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, Orofacial Pain Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- College of Dental Medicine-Illinois (CDMI), Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
| | - Fernanda Yanez-Regonesi
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, Orofacial Pain Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Diego Fernandez-Vial
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, Orofacial Pain Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Isabel Moreno-Hay
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, Orofacial Pain Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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12
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Stilo G, Vicini C, Pollicina I, Maniaci A, Lechien JR, Calvo-Henríquez C, Yáñez MM, Iannella G, Pace A, Cammaroto G, Meccariello G, Cannavicci A, Moffa A, Casale M, La Mantia I. Is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure a Valid Alternative to Sildenafil in Treating Sexual Dysfunction among OSA Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1318. [PMID: 37512129 PMCID: PMC10384051 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and sildenafil pharmacological therapy in improving sexual function among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Materials and methods: Population: Patients affected by OSA and ED; Intervention: CPAP therapy vs. Comparison: Sildenafil pharmacological therapy; Outcomes: Improvement in erectile function, as measured by the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) scoring system; Time: A systematic review of the literature from the past 20 years; Study Design: Observational studies comparing erectile function improvements after OSA treatment. Results: A total of eight papers were included in the qualitative summary, involving four hundred fifty-seven patients with ED and OSA. Erectile function improvements were observed in both treatment groups. After sildenafil and CPAP treatment, the mean IIEF-5 domain scores were 37.7 and 27.3, respectively (p < 0.001). Sildenafil 100 mg demonstrated a higher therapeutic impact compared to CPAP treatment. Conclusions: CPAP therapy significantly improved sexual parameters in most studies for OSA patients with ED. The findings suggest that CPAP therapy effectively alleviates erectile dysfunction symptoms, resulting in improved sexual performance in OSA patients. The comparison of the two treatments indicates that sildenafil has a more substantial therapeutic impact on erectile function than CPAP therapy; however, a combined treatment will provide a cumulative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Stilo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advance and Echnologies "GF Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Vicini
- Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forli, Italy
| | - Isabella Pollicina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advance and Echnologies "GF Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advance and Echnologies "GF Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Committee Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme René Lechien
- Research Committee Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Christian Calvo-Henríquez
- Research Committee Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
- Service of Otolaryngology, Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, 15701 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Mayo Yáñez
- Research Committee Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Research Committee Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
- Department of "Organi di Senso", University "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pace
- Department of "Organi di Senso", University "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammaroto
- Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forli, Italy
- Research Committee Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Meccariello
- Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forli, Italy
| | - Angelo Cannavicci
- Oral Surgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forli, Italy
- Research Committee Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Moffa
- Unit of Otolaryngology, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuele Casale
- Unit of Otolaryngology, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio La Mantia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advance and Echnologies "GF Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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13
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Kubitz KA, Park H, Patil SP, Papandreou C, Dobrosielski DA. The effects of an exercise intervention on executive function among overweight adults with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 21:185-191. [PMID: 37143578 PMCID: PMC10156005 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with poorer executive function. This study examined the effects of a comprehensive exercise intervention on executive function in overweight adults with mild and moderate-to-severe OSA. METHODS Participants aged between 30 and 65 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 27 to 42 kg/m2, participated in a 6-week exercise program. Standardized polysomnographic recording methods provided total Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and level of hypoxemia. Executive function was assessed using the NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control Test. A submaximal treadmill exercise test evaluated cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants with baseline total AHI between 5 and 14.9 events/h were classified as mild OSA and participants with baseline total AHI 15 ≥ events/h were classified as moderate-to-severe OSA. RESULTS Fifteen participants completed 18 exercise sessions. Significant differences between OSA categories at baseline were observed for sleep characteristics, but not for fitness or executive function. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests showed significant increases in median values for the Flanker Test in the moderate-to-severe category only, z = 2.429, p < .015, η2 = .737. CONCLUSION Six weeks of exercise improved executive function in overweight individuals with moderate-to-severe OSA, but not in those with mild OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A. Kubitz
- Department of Kinesiology; Towson University; Towson, MD, USA
| | - Hyunjeong Park
- Department of Nursing; Towson University; Towson, MD, USA
| | - Susheel P. Patil
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Sun G, Li L, Zhang X. A visualized and scientometric analysis of research trends of weight loss in overweight/obese children and adolescents (1958-2021). Front Public Health 2022; 10:928720. [PMID: 36339176 PMCID: PMC9632180 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.928720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Weight loss is an appropriate approach to reduce the health risks associated with overweight/obese children and adolescents, and the optimal method of weight loss requires further research. This study systematically explores scientific co-operation, disciplinary interaction, hotspots and trends in the field of weight loss in overweight/obese children and adolescents (WLOCA), and provides references for further research. Methods Citespace 5.8.R1 (64-bit) was adopted to conduct a comprehensive visualization analysis of the literature on WLOCA from Web of Science Core Collection, including publication, institution, country/region, author, journal, keywords and reference. Results 2,513 papers were found in the Web of Science Core Collection, and the annual number of papers published has increased significantly since 2003. Cincinnati Children's Hospital is the institution with the largest number of publications, while Washington University plays a pivotal role in the collaboration network. In terms of nations, USA has made greater contributions than the rest in terms of the number of publications and global co-operation research. The most influential authors in this field are Thomas H. Inge, Thomas Reinehr, Todd M. Jenkins, Epstein LH, Ogden CL, etc. The most active journals are "Obesity," "International Journal of Obesity," "Obesity Surgery," "Pediatrics," etc. which are characterized by interdisciplinary interactions. Research hot topics mainly include "assessment of obesity and pathophysiological mechanism," "comprehensive intervention," and "bariatric surgery," and there's a gradual shift from "lifestyle intervention" and "pathophysiological mechanism" to "clinical surgical application." In addition, disciplinary integration and comprehensive research, targeted intervention and treatment, and prospective research are the future research trends. Conclusion The overall trend in WLOCA study is positive. The main contribution of this study is to reveal the overall picture of the research in this field with visual maps and detailed data by combining quantitative with qualitative approaches, which can provide valuable references for relevant researchers to quickly understand the status of studies on WLOCA, to seek co-operation, and grasp research hotspots and frontier trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Sun
- School of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Long Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,School of Physical Education, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Sport Research Office, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaolin Zhang
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Wang C, Xu F, Chen M, Chen X, Li C, Sun X, Zhang Y, Liao H, Wu Q, Chen H, Li S, Zhu J, Lin J, Ou X, Zou Z, Li Y, Chen R, Zheng Z, Wang Y. Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome with hearing loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1017982. [PMID: 36341085 PMCID: PMC9626824 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1017982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study seeks to investigate the relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) and hearing impairment by meta-analysis. Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and other databases are searched from their establishment to July 1st, 2022. Literature on the relationship between OSAHS and hearing loss is collected, and two researchers independently perform screening, data extraction and quality evaluation on the included literature. Meta-analysis is performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software. According to the heterogeneity between studies, a random-effects model or fixed-effects model is used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 10 articles are included, with 7,867 subjects, 1,832 in the OSAHS group and 6,035 in the control group. The meta-analysis shows that the incidence of hearing impairment in the OSAHS group is higher than in the control group (OR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.18–1.62, Z = 4.09, P < 0.001), and the average hearing threshold of OSAHS patients is higher than that of the control group (MD = 5.89; 95% CI 1.87–9.91, Z = 2.87, P = 0.004). After stratifying the included studies according to hearing frequency, the meta-analysis shows that the OSAHS group has a higher threshold of 0.25, and the response amplitudes at frequencies 2, 4, 6, and 8 kHz are all higher than those of the control group. Conclusion Compared with the control group, the OSAHS group has a higher incidence of hearing loss, mainly high-frequency hearing loss. Thus, OSAHS is closely associated with and a risk factor for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Taishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, China
| | - Fu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingdi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Chunhe Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xishi Sun
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinglan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shunhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhui Chinese Traditional Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jinru Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China
| | - Riken Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Riken Chen
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Zhenzhen Zheng
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China
- Yang Wang
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Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Chen M, Chen X, Li C, Wang C, Zhu J, Lin J, Ou X, Zou Z, Wang Z, Deng J, Chen R, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Wu K, Chen R. Application value of joint STOP-Bang questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in screening for obstructive sleep apnea. Front Public Health 2022; 10:950585. [PMID: 36267990 PMCID: PMC9578009 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.950585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper evaluates the application value of the STOP-Bang questionnaire combined with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the population. Method Thousand-six hundred seventy-one patients with suspected OSA who visited the Sleep Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from August 2017 to August 2020 were monitored by overnight polysomnography (PSG) after completing the ESS scale and STOP-Bang questionnaire. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the two scales were calculated, and the accuracy in predicting OSA of the STOP-Bang questionnaire combined with ESS was analyzed. Results With Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) cutoffs of ≥5, ≥15 and ≥30 events/h, the areas under the ROC curve scored by STOP-Bang were 0.724, 0.703 and 0.712, and those of ESS were 0.632, 0.634 and 0.695; the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) values of STOP-Bang for OSA, moderate to severe OSA, and severe OSA were 3.349, 2.651 and 3.189, and those of ESS were 2.665, 2.279 and 3.289. The STOP-Bang score of three was used as the cut-off point for OSA diagnosis with higher sensitivity and lower specificity, while ESS had higher specificity. STOP-Bang (≥3) combined with ESS significantly improved its specificity for predicting OSA. Conclusion The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a simple and effective new tool for screening patients for OSA, while a STOP-Bang score of ≥3 combined with ESS can further improve its specificity. Thus, we suggest further screening with ESS after a STOP-Bang score of ≥3 in suspected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yitao Zhang
- Yangjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangjiang, China
| | - Mingdi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Chunhe Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Taishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jinru Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhong Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China,*Correspondence: Junzhong Deng
| | - Riken Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Riken Chen
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17
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Sleep Deprivation Influences Trial-to-Trial Transfer but Not Task Performance. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195513. [PMID: 36233381 PMCID: PMC9571000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that sleep deprivation can affect emotions and some cognitive functions. However, research on how sleep deprivation influences the visuomotor memory have rarely been reported. In the current study, a Fitts’ Law task was used to investigate how movement and the visuomotor memory are affected under the condition of sleep deprivation. Experiment 1 had 36 participants (15 males, mean age = 21.61 years) complete the same Fitts’ Law task 10 days apart under standard conditions. Experiment 2 had five participants (three males, mean age = 27.2 years) complete the task after 7 days of sleep deprivation, then complete it again after 10 days without sleep deprivation. Experiment 1 demonstrated the stability of the trial-to-trial effects. Experiment 2 showed that the previous trial (n) exerted no effect on the current trial (n + 1) under the conditions of sleep deprivation (p = 0.672). However, the effect was observed after 10 days without sleep deprivation (p = 0.013). This suggests that sleep deprivation did not affect task performance but influenced the transfer of the trial history. Future studies are required to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation with more participants.
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18
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Qu C, Zhao Q, Cao W, Dai Z, Luo X, Zhang R. Efficacy of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Acute Systolic Heart Failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:294. [PMID: 39077698 PMCID: PMC11262350 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2309294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute systolic heart failure (ASHF) is one of the most serious complications of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and increases the likelihood of adverse clinical outcomes. It remains unclear whether the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) could improve symptoms and reduce mortality in patients with ASHF derived from ACS. Methods Data on biological, clinical, and demographic factors, as well as therapy data, were collected from patients with ASHF in the cardiac department. A total of 1257 ACS patients with ASHF were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups. The control group received standard oxygen therapy. The comparison group consisted of those who underwent NIV as part of their immediate care. During hospitalization and at follow-up, information on both groups was systematically compared. Results In comparison with the control group, mean 24-hour urine output was found to be significantly higher in the NIV group. A significant reduction in the duration of symptoms was observed among patients in the NIV group from the time of admission until relief of dyspnea. Heart rate, C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was also improved, compared with those in the control group. The NIV group was found to have a higher survival rate. NIV was independently related to all-cause mortality in 1-year follow-up (hazard ratio, 0.674; p = 0.045). Conclusions Our study shows that NIV, as compared with standard oxygen therapy, has a beneficial impact on heart rate, metabolic balance, and relief of dyspnea in ACS patients with ASHF which results in reduced intubation rate, duration of in-hospital stay, and 1-year mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang Provincial People's Hospital, 150036 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Harbin Yinghua Hospital, 150119 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhenguo Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Harbin Yinghua Hospital, 150119 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150086 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Harbin Yinghua Hospital, 150119 Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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19
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Du AL, Tully JL, Curran BP, Gabriel RA. Obesity and outcomes in patients undergoing upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272331. [PMID: 35951502 PMCID: PMC9371252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Obesity is frequently debated as a factor associated with increased postoperative complications. Specifically, upper airway surgeries for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common comorbidity among obese patients, may be complicated by obesity’s impact on intraoperative ventilation. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the association of various degrees of obesity with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for OSA.
Methods
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database between 2015 and 2019 was used to create a sample of patients diagnosed with OSA who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, tracheotomy, and surgeries at the base of tongue, maxilla, palate, or nose/turbinate. Inverse probability-weighted logistic regression and unadjusted multivariable logistic regression were used to compare outcomes of non-obese and obesity class 1, class 2, and class 3 groups (World Health Organization classification). Primary outcome was a composite of 30-day readmissions, reoperations, and/or postoperative complications, and a secondary outcome was all-cause same-day hospital admission.
Results
There were 1929 airway surgeries identified. The inverse probability-weighted regression comparing class 1, class 2, and class 3 obesity groups to non-obese patients showed no association between obesity and composite outcome and no association between obesity and hospital admission (all p-values > 0.05).
Conclusion
These results do not provide evidence that obesity is associated with poorer outcomes or hospital admission surrounding upper airway surgery for OSA. While these data points towards the safety of upper airway surgery in obese patients with OSA, larger prospective studies will aid in elucidating the impact of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Du
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Perioperative Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffrey L. Tully
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Perioperative Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Curran
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Perioperative Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rodney A. Gabriel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Perioperative Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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20
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Watach AJ, Bishop-Gilyard CT, Ku H, Afolabi-Brown O, Parks EP, Xanthopoulos MS. A social media intervention for the families of young Black men with obstructive sleep apnoea. HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2022; 81:540-553. [PMID: 36059565 PMCID: PMC9435066 DOI: 10.1177/00178969221093924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence in adolescents diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) by pilot testing a novel, online, facilitated, peer-support and health education programme for families. DESIGN SETTING AND METHODS Families participated in separate Facebook peer-groups (adolescent [n=6] and parent [n=6]) for four weeks, followed by face-to-face interviews. Participants received OSA and PAP educational videos and posts, engaged with questions and polls, and viewed de-identified postings of peer PAP use data. RESULTS Adolescent participants were young Black males aged 13-17 years (n=6) with obesity (n=5), severe sleep apnoea (100%) and 4-15 months of prior PAP use. Parent participants were mothers (n=4) and fathers (n=2). Four of six young males increased their mean PAP use during the intervention period. Overall, parents were more engaged with the Facebook group page than adolescents, but interviews revealed the online group/peer-support and education provided was highly regarded and appreciated by families. Parents were particularly appreciative of being involved in care and diagnosis in this way. CONCLUSION Results of this pilot trial provide important data regarding intervention design, content, and delivery approaches to be considered in the development of future interventions aiming to engage families and improve adolescent PAP adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa J. Watach
- Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chanelle T. Bishop-Gilyard
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- The Healthy Weight Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Helen Ku
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Prout Parks
- The Healthy Weight Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Melissa S. Xanthopoulos
- The Healthy Weight Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
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21
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Hwang JH, Yu BH, Chen YC. Effects of Surgical Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Renal and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Taiwanese Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154411. [PMID: 35956028 PMCID: PMC9369151 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and survival outcomes is not established, and this study aimed to evaluate this association. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted from 2001 to 2015, including 32,220 eligible CKD patients with incident OSA. By 1:3 propensity score matching, 1078 CKD patients with incident OSA who received surgery (treated cohort) and 3234 untreated cohort who never received surgery were analyzed. The risk of ESRD in the competing mortality was significantly lower in the treated cohort than in the untreated cohort, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI0, 0.15−0.97; p = 0.043). In addition, the adjusted HRs of overall, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality in the treated and untreated cohorts were 2.54 (95% CI, 1.79−3.59; p < 0.0001), 1.46 (95% CI, 0.29−7.22; p = 0.64), and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.83−3.75; p < 0.0001), respectively. Furthermore, the risks of overall and non-cardiovascular mortality for the treated cohort primarily occurred during a 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, surgical treatment for incident OSA in CKD patients was associated with decreased ESRD risk, but with increased non-cardiovascular mortality risk, especially within 3 months after surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juen-Haur Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Hui Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-264-8000
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22
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CPAP Adherence Assessment via Gaussian Mixture Modeling of Telemonitored Apnea Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders pose serious cardiovascular threats if not treated effectively. However, adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), the most recommended therapy, is known to be challenging to monitor. Telemonitored CPAP equipment has improved the follow-up of CPAP adherence (hours of use per night) by producing far larger amounts of data collected daily. The analysis of such data have relied on averaging the entire therapeutic history and interpreting it without a proper reference concerning the level of adherence. By contrast, we contribute with an unsupervised machine-learning methodology that (i) translates the adherence data to a scale of discrete numbers that hold correspondence to the most usual 30-day-long patterns as observed in a real-word database; (ii) avoids the loss of information aggregation problem by creating summaries of the time series that capture the dynamic nature of the everyday-use CPAP. Our experiments have detected eight particular adherence behaviors validated with information-oriented statistical criteria; we successfully applied them to the time series of a French hospital to produce summaries that reflect the adherence of any 30 days of interest. Our method can aid physicians in more precisely evaluating the therapy adherence, as well as fostering systems to alert of problems in the treatment automatically.
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Sleep quality and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients attending a chronic follow up care clinic in northwest Amhara regional state referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271072. [PMID: 35797273 PMCID: PMC9262207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Sleep plays an essential role in every individual’s life since it contributes greatly to their well-being and health. Poor sleep quality is one of the most common consequences of hypertension (HTN), which is a leading public health problem. In Ethiopia, it is the main health concern among hypertension patients. Thus, in the study area, there is limited information regarding the investigation of sleep quality among hypertension patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess sleep quality and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients attending a chronic follow up care clinic in northwest Amhara regional state referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult HTN patients from March 15/2021 to May 15/2021 in Northwest Amhara Regional State Referral Hospitals. A systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. A face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire with chart review was used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing sleep quality was used in this study. A binary logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Variables having a p-value < 0.05 with a 95% CI were considered statistically significant in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results
In this study, 563 hypertensive patients were included, with a response rate of 96.9%. The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 37.7% (95% CI: 33.4%–41.6%). Female gender (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.55–4.18), age ≥ 65 years (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.07–7.97), overweight (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.06–2.65), WHO stage II hypertension (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI:1.01–3.12), poor physical activity (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI:1.41–4.05), participants who had depression (AOR = 2.03,95% CI:1.24–3.34) and participants who had anxiety (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16–3.03) were factors associated with poor sleep quality.
Conclusions
In this study, more than one-third of the study participants had poor sleep quality. Female gender, age ≥ 65 years, overweight (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, stage II hypertension, physical inactivity, depression, and anxiety were all associated with poor sleep quality. Managing depression and anxiety disorders, encouraging physical activity, and providing health education about weight loss are all necessary for HTN patients.
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Increasing obstructive sleep apnea risk is associated with hearing impairment in middle-aged Chinese men-A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268412. [PMID: 35594263 PMCID: PMC9122213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Midlife males with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) bear a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, the association of OSA and hearing impairment is controversial. Our objective was to observe the incidence of hearing loss in middle-aged males with different risks for OSA. Methods 794 men aged 40–65 who participated in health examination and pure tone hearing screening between January and June 2021 were recruited in the study. Medical history was collected. Height, weight and blood pressure were tested, and biochemical test including blood lipids and blood glucose was performed. According to the STOP-BANG score, the observed subjects were divided into low, intermediate and high groups for OSA risk. Hearing impairment was defined as failure in responding to any pure tone of 25 dB HL in any ear at the frequencies: 4 kHz for high frequency range and 0.5k, 1k, 2 kHz for low/medium frequency range. The incidence of hearing loss in those groups was compared after adjusting the cardiovascular risk factors. Results The incidence of hearing impairment in the groups of intermediate, high, and intermediate/high risk for OSA (46.9%, 45.2%, 46.3%, respectively) were higher than that in the group of low risk for OSA (33.3%, P<0.001). After adjusting cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of hearing impairment in the group of high risk for OSA is 1.64 times of the group of low risk for OSA (95%CI: 1.02–2.69, P<0.05). The risk of hearing impairment at high frequency(4kHz) in the group of intermediate/high risk for OSA is 1.43 times of the group of low-risk for OSA (95%CI: 1.00–2.06, P<0.05). Conclusion The risk of hearing impairment in midlife men with high, intermediate/high risk for OSA is significantly increased, especially at high frequency of 4 kHz.
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Reichert E, Mosiewicz J, Myśliński W, Jaroszyński A, Stanek A, Brożyna-Tkaczyk K, Madejska-Mosiewicz B. Level of Serum Fetuin-A Correlates with Heart Rate in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients without Metabolic and Cardiovascular Comorbidities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116422. [PMID: 35682006 PMCID: PMC9180227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep-induced breathing disorder in the adult population and significantly affects the condition of the cardiovascular system. Fetuin-A (Fet-A) is a hepato- and adipokine, which prevents vessel calcification, and its level correlates with atherogenesis and metabolic disorders. The associations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) both with OSA, which increases CVD risk, and Fet-A, which prevents CVD, justify the question of their mutual interactions in patients with OSA. Therefore, we sought to analyze Fet-A as an early biomarker of CVD risk in OSA patients without metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities except for properly controlled arterial hypertension. We have found that in these patients, OSA does not appear to directly affect Fet-A levels. However, high Fet-A levels were more common in the group of patients with OSA, and the hypopnea index was significantly higher among subjects with the highest Fet-A levels. The level of Fet-A in OSA patients positively correlates with pulse rate, and it does not correlate with pulse pressure in this group unlike in the control group, where such a relationship exists. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to analyze this relationship in OSA patients without any significant cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Reichert
- Individual Specialist Medical Practice, Włostowicka 293 C St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Mosiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Wojciech Myśliński
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (J.M.); (W.M.)
| | - Andrzej Jaroszyński
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 23-517 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, 1st Public University Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.-T.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Barbara Madejska-Mosiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases, 1st Public University Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Staszica 16 St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.-T.); (B.M.-M.)
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Najafi A, Mohammadi I, Sadeghi M, Brühl AB, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Brand S. Evaluation of Plasma/Serum Adiponectin (an Anti-Inflammatory Factor) Levels in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050738. [PMID: 35629405 PMCID: PMC9145771 DOI: 10.3390/life12050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: A variety of diseases, including obesity, type ‖ diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and decreased adiponectin levels have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of these diseases. However, the association of blood levels of adiponectin in OSAS patients is a challenging and unknown issue with conflicting results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to evaluate plasma/serum adiponectin levels in adult patients with OSAS. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search in four databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) was performed in literature dated older than 12 March 2022, to retrieve the relevant articles. Effect sizes were calculated to show the standardized mean difference (SMD) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of plasma/serum of adiponectin between the OSAS patients and controls. The software RevMan 5.3, NCSS 21.0.2, CMA 2.0, trial sequential analysis (TSA) 0.9.5.10 beta, and GetData Graph Digitizer 2.26 were used for data synthesis in the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 28 articles including 36 studies were entered into the meta-analysis. The results showed that pooled SMD was −0.71 (95% CI: −0.92, 0.50; p < 0.00001; I2 = 79%) for plasma/serum levels of adiponectin in OSAS cases compared to the controls. The subgroup analyses showed that the geographical region and the Apnea-Hypopnea-Index (AHI) could be confounding factors in the pooled analysis of plasma/serum adiponectin levels. The sensitivity analysis showed the stability of the results. The radial and L’Abbé plots confirmed evidence of heterogeneity. Trial sequential analysis showed sufficient cases in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: With sufficient cases and stable results, the main finding of the meta-analysis identified significantly reduced plasma/serum levels of adiponectin in OSAS cases compared with the controls. This result suggests a potential role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Najafi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran; (A.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Iman Mohammadi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran; (A.N.); (I.M.)
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Annette Beatrix Brühl
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; (A.B.B.); (D.S.-B.)
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Correspondence:
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Badran M, Gozal D. PAI-1: A Major Player in the Vascular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5516. [PMID: 35628326 PMCID: PMC9141273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is a chronic and prevalent condition that is associated with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and imposes excess overall cardiovascular risk and mortality. Despite its high prevalence and the susceptibility of CVD patients to OSA-mediated stressors, OSA is still under-recognized and untreated in cardiovascular practice. Moreover, conventional OSA treatments have yielded either controversial or disappointing results in terms of protection against CVD, prompting the need for the identification of additional mechanisms and associated adjuvant therapies. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a key regulator of fibrinolysis and cell migration. Indeed, elevated PAI-1 expression is associated with major cardiovascular adverse events that have been attributed to its antifibrinolytic activity. However, extensive evidence indicates that PAI-1 can induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis through complex interactions within the vasculature in an antifibrinolytic-independent matter. Elevated PAI-1 levels have been reported in OSA patients. However, the impact of PAI-1 on OSA-induced CVD has not been addressed to date. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on the mechanisms by which OSA and its most detrimental perturbation, intermittent hypoxia (IH), can enhance the transcription of PAI-1. We also propose causal pathways by which PAI-1 can promote atherosclerosis in OSA, thereby identifying PAI-1 as a potential therapeutic target in OSA-induced CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badran
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and Child Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, 400 N Keene St, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Abnormal Dorsal Caudate Activation Mediated Impaired Cognitive Flexibility in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092484. [PMID: 35566610 PMCID: PMC9105079 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an important but less recognized public health concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with mTBI have impaired executive function, which disrupts the performance of daily activities. Few studies have investigated neural mechanisms of cognitive flexibility in mTBI patients using objective tools such as the psychological experiment paradigm. Here, we aimed to examine neural correlates of cognitive flexibility in mTBI. METHODS Sixteen mTBI patients and seventeen matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional MRI during a rule-based task-switching experimental paradigm. Linear models were used to obtain within-group activation maps and areas of differential activation between the groups. In addition, we conducted mediation analyses to evaluate the indirect effect of abnormal dorsal caudate activation on the association between information processing speed and cognitive flexibility in mTBI. RESULTS mTBI patients exhibited significantly longer reaction time in the task switching (TS) condition compared to HCs, reflecting impaired cognitive flexibility. In addition, the patients showed reduced activation in the dorsal caudate (dCau), anterior cingulate cortex, and other frontal regions during the TS condition. Mediation analysis revealed that the reduced dCau activation had a significant effect on the relationship between information processing speed and cognitive flexibility in mTBI. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal dorsal caudate activation in mTBI mediates impaired cognitive flexibility, which indicated dorsal caudate might be playing a vital role in the cognitive flexibility of mTBI patients. These findings highlight an alternative target for clinical interventions for the improvement of cognitive functions in mTBI.
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Umar A, Khan MS, Sehgal SA, Jafar K, Ahmad S, Waheed A, Aslam MW, Wajid M, Rehman TU, Khan T, Ditta A, Akmal H, Ashfaq M, Javed T, Tahir R. Epidemiological studies of sleep disorder in educational community of Pakistani population, its major risk factors and associated diseases. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266739. [PMID: 35446890 PMCID: PMC9022811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is one of the most important functions of the life. The disturbance in sleep or quality of sleep leads to several dysfunctions of the human body. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders, their possible risk factors and their association with other health problems. The data was collected from the educational community of the Pakistani population. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to evaluate the insomnia and the sleep apnea was evaluated through a simple questionnaire method. The blood samples were collected to perform significant blood tests for clinical investigations. Current research revealed that the individuals in the educational community had poor sleep quality. A total of 1998 individuals from the educational community were surveyed, 1584 (79.28%) of whom had a sleep disorders, including insomnia (45.20%) and sleep apnea (34.08%). The measured onset of age for males and females was 30.35 years and 31.07 years respectively. The Clinical investigations showed that the sleep had significant impact on the hematology of the patients. Higher levels of serum uric acid and blood sugar were recorded with a sleep disorder. The individuals of the educational community were using the sleeping pills. The other associated diseases were mild tension, headaches, migraines, depression, diabetes, obesity, and myopia. The use of beverage, bad mood, medical condition, mental stress, disturbed circadian rhythms, workload and extra use of smartphone were major risk factors of sleep disorders. It was concluded that the insomnia was more prevalent than the sleep apnea. Furthermore, life changes events were directly linked with disturbance of sleep. Tension, depression, headaches, and migraine were more associated with sleep disorders than all other health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Umar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MSK); (SAS)
| | - Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MSK); (SAS)
| | - Kamran Jafar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Waheed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Aslam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Tanzil Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Akmal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Javed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Rida Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
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An Attention-Guided Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Network for Sleep Stage Classification. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050622. [PMID: 35629290 PMCID: PMC9144567 DOI: 10.3390/life12050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep staging has been widely used as an approach in sleep diagnoses at sleep clinics. Graph neural network (GNN)-based methods have been extensively applied for automatic sleep stage classifications with significant results. However, the existing GNN-based methods rely on a static adjacency matrix to capture the features of the different electroencephalogram (EEG) channels, which cannot grasp the information of each electrode. Meanwhile, these methods ignore the importance of spatiotemporal relations in classifying sleep stages. In this work, we propose a combination of a dynamic and static spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN) with inter-temporal attention blocks to overcome two shortcomings. The proposed method consists of a GCN with a CNN that takes into account the intra-frame dependency of each electrode in the brain region to extract spatial and temporal features separately. In addition, the attention block was used to capture the long-range dependencies between the different electrodes in the brain region, which helps the model to classify the dynamics of each sleep stage more accurately. In our experiments, we used the sleep-EDF and the subgroup III of the ISRUC-SLEEP dataset to compare with the most current methods. The results show that our method performs better in accuracy from 4.6% to 5.3%, in Kappa from 0.06 to 0.07, and in macro-F score from 4.9% to 5.7%. The proposed method has the potential to be an effective tool for improving sleep disorders.
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Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:219-229. [PMID: 35466271 PMCID: PMC9036269 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) include positive pressure, weight loss, oral appliances, surgery, and exercise. Although the involvement of the respiratory muscles in OSA is evident, the effect of training them to improve clinical outcomes is not clear. We aimed to determine the effects of respiratory muscle training in patients with OSA. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in seven databases. Studies that applied respiratory muscle training in OSA patients were reviewed. Two independent reviewers analysed the studies, extracted the data and assessed the quality of evidence. Results: Of the 405 reports returned by the initial search, eight articles reporting on 210 patients were included in the data synthesis. Seven included inspiratory muscle training (IMT), and one included expiratory muscle training (EMT). Regarding IMT, we found significant improvement in Epworth sleepiness scale in −4.45 points (95%CI −7.64 to −1.27 points, p = 0.006), in Pittsburgh sleep quality index of −2.79 points (95%CI −4.19 to −1.39 points, p < 0.0001), and maximum inspiratory pressure of −29.56 cmH2O (95%CI −53.14 to −5.98 cmH2O, p = 0.01). However, the apnoea/hypopnea index and physical capacity did not show changes. We did not perform a meta-analysis of EMT due to insufficient studies. Conclusion: IMT improves sleepiness, sleep quality and inspiratory strength in patients with OSA.
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Maniaci A, Ferlito S, Lechien JR, Di Luca M, Iannella G, Cammaroto G, Cannavicci A, Pollicina I, Stilo G, Di Mauro P, Magliulo G, Pace A, Vicini C. Anxiety, depression and sleepiness in OSA patients treated with barbed reposition pharyngoplasty: a prospective study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:4189-4198. [PMID: 35396954 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of barbed reposition pharyngoplasty (BRP) on sleepiness, anxiety, and depression o adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS We performed a prospective multicentric study to assess functional outcomes in 20 OSA patients treated with BRP and compare the results with an observational group of 20 subjects. All recruited subjects performed at baseline and 6-months postoperative follow-up Polysomnography (PSG), daytime sleepiness scoring using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and anxiety and depression evaluation via the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaires. RESULTS At follow-up the BRP demonstrated greater improvements in AHI (8.92 ± 2.29 vs. 30.66 ± 2.56; p < 0.001) and ODI (7.65 ± 2.39 vs. 24.55 ± 3.20; p < 0.001) than control at intergroup analysis. Surgical group reported significant data in daytime sleepiness (5.15 ± 1.19 vs. 13.15 ± 1.35; p < 0.001), anxiety (12.65 ± 3.11 vs. 24.2 ± 2.37; p < 0.001), and depression domains (5.85 ± 1.19 vs. 17.55 ± 3.24; p < 0.001). AHI, ODI, and advanced age have been shown to multiple regression as independent predictors of treatment response for mood domains (p < 0.001; p = 0.02; p = 0.041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with OSA may benefit from palate surgery, reducing not only the apnea and hypopnea index, daytime sleepiness but also associated mood comorbidities. However, further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary results to validate the evidence to date reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95100, Catania, Italy.
- Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France.
| | - Salvatore Ferlito
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Jerome Rene Lechien
- Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| | - Milena Di Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammaroto
- Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121, Forli, Italy
| | - Angelo Cannavicci
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121, Forli, Italy
| | - Isabella Pollicina
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Stilo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, ENT Section, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 95100, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magliulo
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pace
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Vicini
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121, Forli, Italy
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Zhang C, Chen M, Shen Y, Gong Y, Ma J, Wang G. Impact of Upper Airway Characteristics on Disease Severity and CPAP Therapy in Chinese Patients With OSA: An Observational Retrospective Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:767336. [PMID: 35309580 PMCID: PMC8930821 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.767336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The characteristics of the upper airway (UA) are important for the evaluation and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to investigate the association of UA characteristics with OSA severity, titration pressure, and initiation of and 3-month compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients examined using a semi-quantitative UA evaluation system (combination with physical examination and awake endoscopy) during 2008–2018 at the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital. First, the differences in UA characteristics were compared between patients with simple snorers and mild OSA and those with moderate-to-severe OSA. Then, the effect of UA characteristics on the initiation to CPAP therapy and 3-month adherence to CPAP was conducted. Results Overall, 1,002 patients were included, including 276 simple snorers and patients in the mild OSA group [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) <15] and 726 patients in the moderate-to-severe OSA group (AHI ≥15). Tongue base hypertrophy, tonsillar hypertrophy, mandibular recession, neck circumstance, and body mass index (BMI) were independent risk factors for moderate-to-severe OSA. Among those patients, 119 patients underwent CPAP titration in the sleep lab. The CPAP pressures in patients with thick and long uvulas, tonsillar hypertrophy, lateral pharyngeal wall stenosis, and tongue hypertrophy were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05, respectively). The logistic regression analysis showed that nasal turbinate hypertrophy, mandibular retrusion, and positive Müller maneuver in the retropalate and retroglottal regions were independent predictors for the initiation of home CPAP treatment. Conclusion Multisite narrowing and function collapse of the UA are important factors affecting OSA severity, CPAP titration pressure, and the initiation of home CPAP therapy. Clinical evaluation with awake endoscopy is a safe and effective way for the assessment of patients with OSA in internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yane Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Ma
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Macek P, Poręba M, Stachurska A, Martynowicz H, Mazur G, Gać P, Poręba R. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Structure Assessed in Polysomnography and Right Ventricular Strain Parameters. Brain Sci 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 35326287 PMCID: PMC8946732 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to assess functional, structural changes of the right ventricular using strain parameters and sleep structure using polysomnography in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our study group consisted of 43 patients, 29 men, 14 women. The mean age was 56.36 ± 14.77. All patients underwent full night polysomnography and transthoracic echocardiography. The right ventricular global longitudinal strain was measured by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. The prevalence of OSA (AHI ≥ 5) was 76.7% in the studied group. We observed a significant positive correlation between OAH and average free wall strain (r = 0.37), snore and mid-free wall strain (r = 0.34), average HR, and basal free wall strain (r = 0.34). Moreover, CSB was positively correlated with basal septal strain and mid septal strain (r = 0.36 and 0.42). In summary, among patients with sleep disorders, functional disorders of the right ventricle, assessed using the strain method, are partly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Macek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (H.M.); (G.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (H.M.); (G.M.); (R.P.)
- Department of Paralympic Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Witelona 25a, 51-617 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Stachurska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (H.M.); (G.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (H.M.); (G.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (H.M.); (G.M.); (R.P.)
| | - Paweł Gać
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.M.); (M.P.); (A.S.); (H.M.); (G.M.); (R.P.)
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Thomas S, Patel S, Gummalla P, Tablizo MA, Kier C. You Cannot Hit Snooze on OSA: Sequelae of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9020261. [PMID: 35204981 PMCID: PMC8870274 DOI: 10.3390/children9020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been shown to not only affect the quality of sleep, but also overall health in general. Untreated or inadequately treated OSA can lead to long-term sequelae involving cardiovascular, endothelial, metabolic, endocrine, neurocognitive, and psychological consequences. The physiological effects of pediatric OSA eventually become pathological. As the complex effects of pediatric OSA are discovered, they must be identified early so that healthcare providers can be better equipped to treat and even prevent them. Ultimately, adequate management of OSA improves overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Shefali Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Valley Children’s Hospital, Madera, CA 93636, USA; (S.P.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Prabhavathi Gummalla
- Department of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Valley Hospital, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA;
| | - Mary Anne Tablizo
- Department of Pediatrics, Valley Children’s Hospital, Madera, CA 93636, USA; (S.P.); (M.A.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Catherine Kier
- Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Huang YC, Huang SH, Chung RJ, Wang BL, Chung CH, Chien WC, Sun CA, Yu PC, Lu CH. Obese Patients Experience More Severe CSA than Non-Obese Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031289. [PMID: 35162313 PMCID: PMC8835470 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether central sleep apnea (CSA) is associated with an increased risk of obesity. Materials and methods: From 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2015, we screened 24,363 obese patients from the 2005 longitudinal health insurance database, which is part of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. From the same database, 97,452 non-obese patients were also screened out. Age, gender, and index dates were matched. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the previous exposure risk of obese and CSA patients. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Obese patients were more likely to be exposed to CSA than non-obese patients would (AOR = 2.234, 95% CI = 1.483–4.380, p < 0.001). In addition, the closeness of the exposure time to the index time is positively correlated with the severity of obesity and has a dose–response effect (CSA exposure < 1 year, AOR = 2.386; CSA exposure ≥ 1 year and <5 years, AOR = 1.725; CSA exposure time ≥ 5 years, AOR = 1.422). The CSA exposure time of obese patients was 1.693 times that of non-obese patients. Longer exposure time is associated with more severe obesity and has a dose-response effect (CSA exposure < 1 year, AOR = 1.420; CSA exposure ≥ 1 year and <5 years, AOR = 2.240; CSA ≥ 5 years, AOR = 2.863). Conclusions: In this case-control study, patients with CSA had a significantly increased risk of obesity. Long-term exposure to CSA and obesity is more likely and has a dose-response effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ching Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.); (R.-J.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (S.-H.H.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
- Big Data Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Ching Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Cardiovascular Intersive Care Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 10602, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
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37
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McCall CA, Watson NF. A Narrative Review of the Association between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Clin Med 2022; 11:415. [PMID: 35054110 PMCID: PMC8780754 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often co-morbid with implications for disease severity and treatment outcomes. OSA prevalence is higher in PTSD sufferers than in the general population, with a likely bidirectional effect of the two illnesses. There is substantial evidence to support the role that disturbed sleep may play in the pathophysiology of PTSD. Sleep disturbance associated with OSA may interfere with normal rapid eye movement (REM) functioning and thus worsen nightmares and sleep-related movements. Conversely, hyperarousal and hypervigilance symptoms of PTSD may lower the arousal threshold and thus increase the frequency of sleep fragmentation related to obstructive events. Treating OSA not only improves OSA symptoms, but also nightmares and daytime symptoms of PTSD. Evidence suggests that positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy reduces PTSD symptoms in a dose-dependent fashion, but also presents challenges to tolerance in the PTSD population. Alternative OSA treatments may be better tolerated and effective for improving both OSA and PTSD. Further research avenues will be introduced as we seek a better understanding of this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. McCall
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathaniel F. Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
- University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
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Zhang L, Ko CY, Zeng YM. Immunoregulatory Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Gut Microbiota on Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Associated Hypertension. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:393-405. [PMID: 35299627 PMCID: PMC8922759 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s354742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is the largest bacterial ecosystem and immune response organ of the human body. The microbiota regulates the metabolic and immune functions of the host through their metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are part of the metabolites of the gut microbiota (GM), providing energy to intestinal epithelial cells and regulating the immune system. A decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria, imbalanced effector T-helper cells (Th cells), and increasing corresponding inflammatory cytokine were found in both animal models and clinical patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension (HTN). Intervention with probiotics, prebiotics, or postbiotics in animal models simulating OSA-associated HTN restored blood pressure to normal, which allows the hypothesis that GM are involved in the pathophysiology of OSA-induced HTN patients through their metabolites' SCFAs; however, the exact regulatory mechanism is not completely clear. This review describes the potential mechanisms of SCFAs, a major metabolite of the GM, in the pathology of OSA-induced HTN, from the perspective of immune system regulation in the available studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China.,Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China
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