The Glucose-Regulated MiR-483-3p Influences Key Signaling Pathways in Cancer

Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer by upregulating miR-483-3p and inhibiting UBE2C

Prostate cancer (PCa) is an extremely common genitourinary malignancy among elderly men. Many evidence have shown the efficacy of curcumin (CUR) in inhibiting the progression of PCa. However, the pharmacological function of CUR in PCa is still not quite clear. In this research, CUR was found to suppress the proliferation and enhance the apoptotic rate in in vitro PCa cell models in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In a xenograft animal model, the administration of CUR contributed to a significant decrease in the growth of the xenograft tumor induced by the transplanted PC-3 cells. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C is implicated in the modulation of multiple types of cancers. In humans, the expression levels of UBE2C are significantly higher in PCa versus benign prostatic hyperplasia. Treatment with CUR decreased the expression of UBE2C, whereas it increased miR-483-3p expression. In contrast with the control mice, the CUR-treated mice showed a significant reduction in UBE2C and Ki-67 in PCa cells. The capability of proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells was inhibited by the knockdown of UBE2C mediated by siRNA. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter gene assay indicated the binding of miR-483-3p to UBE2C. In summary, CUR exerts its antitumor effects through regulation of the miR-483-3p/UBE2C axis by decreasing UBE2C and increasing miR-483-3p. The findings may also provide new molecular markers for PCa diagnosis and treatment.

miRNA-221 and miRNA-483-3p Dysregulation in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression have been reported in different cancers. We assessed the expression of 754 oncology-related miRNAs in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) samples and evaluated their correlations with clinical parameters. We found that miR-221 and 483-3p were consistently upregulated in EAC patients vs. controls (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: miR-221 p < 0.0001; miR-483-3p p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed worse cancer-related survival among all EAC patients expressing high miR-221 or miR-483-3p levels (log-rank p = 0.0025 and p = 0.0235, respectively). Higher miR-221 or miR-483-3p levels also correlated with advanced tumor stages (Mann-Whitney p = 0.0195 and p = 0.0085, respectively), and overexpression of miR-221 was associated with worse survival in low-risk EAC patients. Moreover, a significantly worse outcome was associated with the combined overexpression of miR-221 and miR-483-3p (log-rank p = 0.0410). To identify target genes affected by miRNA overexpression, we transfected the corresponding mimic RNA (miRVANA) for either miR-221 or miR-483-3p in a well-characterized esophageal adenocarcinoma cell line (OE19) and performed RNA-seq analysis. In the miRNA-overexpressing cells, we discovered a convergent dysregulation of genes linked to apoptosis, ATP synthesis, angiogenesis, and cancer progression, including a long non-coding RNA associated with oncogenesis, i.e., MALAT1. In conclusion, dysregulated miRNA expression, especially overexpression of miR-221 and 483-3p, was found in EAC samples. These alterations were connected with a lower cancer-specific patient survival, suggesting that these miRNAs could be useful for patient stratification and prognosis.

Non-coding RNAs involved in fibroblast-like synoviocyte functioning in arthritis rheumatoid: From pathogenesis to therapy

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic autoimmune disorder with an uncertain etiology, primarily impacting the joints. Moreover, the disease may manifest beyond articular involvement, leading to extra-articular manifestations. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are cells of mesenchymal origin that possess crucial physiological significance within the synovium, contributing to the synthesis of specific constituents found in the synovial fluid and articular cartilage. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on FLS as a potential therapeutic target in the context of RA. Recent investigations have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) serve as pivotal regulators of FLS function, with their dysregulated expression patterns being detected within FLS populations. NcRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), assume essential functions as regulators of gene expression at both the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, and also serve as guiding molecules for chromatin-modifying complexes. Majority of these ncRNAs contribute to various FLS activities including metastasis, proliferation, and cytokine production. In the current work, we comprehensively review the existing literature on ncRNAs, which play pivotal roles in FLS activity and the pathogenesis of RA. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive summary and description of the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes in FLS activity, along with potential implications for the RA development. As well, in the final section, we illustrated that therapeutic agents including herbal medicine, and exosomes by modulating ncRNAs regulate FLS activity.

Small RNA Sequencing Reveals a Distinct MicroRNA Signature between Glucocorticoid Responder and Glucocorticoid Non-Responder Primary Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells after Dexamethasone Treatment

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to regulate several physiological processes and are the mainstay in the management of inflammatory eye diseases. The long-term use of GC causes raised intraocular pressure (IOP) or ocular hypertension (OHT) in about 30-50% of the susceptible individuals depending on the route of administration, and can lead to steroid-induced secondary glaucoma. The present study aims to understand the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in differential glucocorticoid (GC) responsiveness in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells using small RNA sequencing. The human organ-cultured anterior segment (HOCAS) model was used to identify whether donor eyes were from GC-responders (GC-R; n = 4) or GC-non-responders (GC-NR; n = 4) following treatment with either 100 nM dexamethasone (DEX) or ethanol (ETH) for 7 days. The total RNA was extracted from cultured HTM cells with known GC responsiveness, and the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIRs) were compared among the following five groups: Group #1: ETH vs. DEX-treated GC-R; #2: ETH vs. DEX-treated GC-NR; #3: overlapping DEGs between Group #1 and #2; #4: Unique DEMIRs of GC-R; #5: Unique DEMIRs of GC-NR; and validated by RT-qPCR. There were 13 and 21 DEMIRs identified in Group #1 and Group #2, respectively. Seven miRNAs were common miRNAs dysregulated in both GC-R and GC-NR (Group #3). This analysis allowed the identification of DEMIRs that were unique to GC-R (6 miRNAs) and GC-NR (14 miRNAs) HTM cells, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified enriched pathways and biological processes associated with differential GC responsiveness in HTM cells. This is the first study to reveal a unique miRNA signature between GC-R and GC-NR HTM cells, which raises the possibility of developing new molecular targets for the management of steroid-OHT/glaucoma.

Impacts of MicroRNA-483 on Human Diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in distinct cell types. This review provides a com-prehensive overview of the current understanding regarding the involvement of miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p in various physiological and pathological processes. Downregulation of miR-483-5p has been linked to numerous diseases, including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, diabetic nephropathy, and neurological injury. Accumulating evidence indicates that miR-483-5p plays a crucial protective role in preserving cell function and viability by targeting specific transcripts. Notably, elevated levels of miR-483-5p in the bloodstream strongly correlate with metabolic risk factors and serve as promising diagnostic markers. Consequently, miR-483-5p represents an appealing biomarker for predicting the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and holds potential as a therapeutic target for intervention strategies. Conversely, miR-483-3p exhibits significant upregulation in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and has been shown to induce cellular apoptosis and lipotoxicity across various cell types. However, some discrepancies regarding its precise function have been reported, underscoring the need for further investigation in this area.

Electroconvulsive Stimulation in Rats Induces Alterations in the Hippocampal miRNome: Translational Implications for Depression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the development of depression and its treatment. Here, we used the hypothesis-neutral approach of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to gain comprehensive understanding of the effects of a course of electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), the animal model equivalent of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), on rat hippocampal miRNAs. Significant differential expression (p < 0.001) of six hippocampal miRNAs was noted following NGS, after correcting for multiple comparisons. Three of these miRNAs were upregulated (miR-132, miR-212, miR-331) and three downregulated (miR-204, miR-483, miR-301a). qRT-PCR confirmed significant changes in four of the six miRNAs (miR-132, miR-212, miR-204, miR-483). miR-483 was also significantly reduced in frontal cortex, though no other significant alterations were noted in frontal cortex, cerebellum, or whole blood. Assessing the translatability of the results, miR-132 and miR-483 were significantly reduced in whole blood samples from medicated patients with depression (n = 50) compared to healthy controls (n = 45), though ECT had no impact on miRNA levels. Notably, pre-ECT miR-204 levels moderately positively correlated with depression severity at baseline and moderately negatively correlated with mood score reduction post-ECT. miRNAs were also examined in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from a separate cohort of patients (n = 8) treated with ECT; no significant changes were noted post-treatment. However, there was a large positive correlation between changes in miR-212 and mood score post-ECT in serum. Though replication studies using larger sample sizes are required, alterations in miRNA expression may be informative about the mechanism of action of ECS/ECT and in turn might give insight into the neurobiology of depression.

Therapeutic Hypothermia Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Via the MiR-483-3p/Cdk9 Axis

Background Therapeutic hypothermia has a beneficial effect on cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Recent research has suggested that microRNAs participate in acute myocardial infarction to regulate cardiomyocyte survival. This study aimed to explore the ability of hypothermia-regulated microRNA-483-3p (miR-483-3p) to inhibit hypoxia-induced myocardial infarction. Methods and Results Primary cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxia at 32 °C to mimic therapeutic hypothermia, and the differentially expressed microRNAs were determined by RNA sequencing. Therapeutic hypothermia recovered hypoxia-induced increases in apoptosis, decreases in ATP levels, and decreases in miR-483-3p expression. Overexpression of miR-483-3p exhibited effects similar to those of therapeutic hypothermia on hypoxia in the treatment of cardiomyocytes to associate with maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential, and cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (Cdk9) was identified as a target gene with downregulated expression by miR-483-3p. Knockdown of Cdk9 also promoted cardiac survival, ATP production, and mitochondrial membrane potential stability under hypoxia. In vivo, the expression of miR-483-3p and Cdk9 was tested in the cardiac tissue of the mice with acute myocardial infarction, and the expression of miR-483-3p decreased and Cdk9 increased in the region of myocardial infarction. However, miR-483-3p was overexpressed with lentivirus, which suppressed apoptosis, infarct size (miR-483-3p, 22.00±4.04% versus negative control, 28.57±5.44%, P<0.05), and Cdk9 expression to improve cardiac contractility. Conclusions MiR-483-3p antagonizes hypoxia, leading to cardiomyocyte injury by targeting Cdk9, which is a new mechanism of therapeutic hypothermia.

Multiple Pre-Treatment miRNAs Levels in Untreated Major Depressive Disorder Patients Predict Early Response to Antidepressants and Interact with Key Pathways

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a life-impairing disorder, and early successful treatment is important for a favorable prognosis. However, early response to antidepressants differs widely among individuals, and is difficult to predict pre-treatment. As miRNAs have been reported to play important roles in depression, identification of miRNAs associated with antidepressant treatment responses and their interacting genes and pathways will be beneficial in understanding the predictors and molecular mechanisms of depression treatment. This randomized control trial examined miRNAs correlated with the early therapeutic effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; paroxetine or sertraline) and mirtazapine monotherapy. Before medication, we comprehensively analyzed the miRNA expression of 92 depressed participants and identified genes and pathways interacting with miRNAs. A total of 228 miRNAs were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms improvements after 2 weeks of SSRIs treatment, with miR-483.5p showing the most robust correlation. These miRNAs are involved in 21 pathways, including TGF-β, glutamatergic synapse, long-term depression, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Using these miRNAs enabled us to predict SSRI response at week 2 with a 57% difference. This study shows that pre-treatment levels of miRNAs could be used to predict early responses to antidepressant administration, a knowledge of genes, and an identification of genes and pathways associated with the antidepressant response.

Exosomal miR-483-5p in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Malignant Progression of Multiple Myeloma by Targeting TIMP2

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is one crucial component of the multiple myeloma (MM) microenvironment and supports the malignant progression of MM. Whether BMSCs act on MM cells via exosomes has not been well characterized. Herein, we used microarrays to screen out differentially expressed miRNAs in BMSCs from patients with MM (MM-MSCs) or benign diseases (BD-MSCs). We found that miR-483-5p was highly expressed in MM-MSCs, which may be transported through exosomes from MM-MSCs to MM cells to increase miR-483-5p expression in them. We then investigated the role and mechanism of miR-483-5p in the aggressive progression of MM in vitro. We verified that miR-483-5p promoted MM cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Then we predicted and validated that TIMP2, a tumor suppressor gene, is the downstream target of miR-483-5p in MM. In summary, our study indicated that MM-MSCs promote MM malignant progression via the release of exosomes and regulation of miR-483-5p/TIMP2 axis, suggesting an essential role of BMSCs derived exosomal miRNA in MM and a potential marker for MM diagnosis and therapy.

LINC00662 Promotes Proliferation and Invasion and Inhibits Apoptosis of Glioma Cells Through miR-483-3p/SOX3 Axis

LINC00662 plays a prominent role in the carcinogenesis and progression of diverse cancers. However, its biological functions in glioma are still unclear. LINC00662 expression in glioma tissue samples and cell lines was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between LINC00662 expression and the clinical characteristics of 50 patients with glioma was analyzed. LINC00662 knockdown and overexpression cell lines were constructed, and the effects of LINC00662 on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of glioma cells were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Besides, the relationships among LINC00662, miR-483-3p, and sex-determining region Y-box 3 (SOX3) were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Western blot was used to detect the regulatory effects of LINC00662 and miR-483-3p on SOX3 expression in glioma cells. LINC00662 expression level was elevated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared to that in normal tissues and cell lines. LINC00662 high expression was associated with the adverse prognosis of patients with glioma. Knockdown of LINC00662 repressed the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, it was revealed that LINC00662 acted as the molecular sponge of miR-483-3p, and SOX3 was verified as a direct target of miR-483-3p. The inhibition of miR-483-3p expression and SOX3 overexpression reversed the biological effects of LINC00662 knockdown on glioma cells. This study reports the key regulatory role of LINC00662/miR-483-3p/SOX3 axis in the tumorigenesis and progression of glioma, bringing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of glioma.

MicroRNA Alterations Induced in Human Skin by Diesel Fumes, Ozone, and UV Radiation

Epigenetic alterations are a driving force of the carcinogenesis process. MicroRNAs play a role in silencing mutated oncogenes, thus defending the cell against the adverse consequences of genotoxic damages induced by environmental pollutants. These processes have been well investigated in lungs; however, although skin is directly exposed to a great variety of environmental pollutants, more research is needed to better understand the effect on cutaneous tissue. Therefore, we investigated microRNA alteration in human skin biopsies exposed to diesel fumes, ozone, and UV light for over 24 h of exposure. UV and ozone-induced microRNA alteration right after exposure, while the peak of their deregulations induced by diesel fumes was reached only at the end of the 24 h. Diesel fumes mainly altered microRNAs involved in the carcinogenesis process, ozone in apoptosis, and UV in DNA repair. Accordingly, each tested pollutant induced a specific pattern of microRNA alteration in skin related to the intrinsic mechanisms activated by the specific pollutant. These alterations, over a short time basis, reflect adaptive events aimed at defending the tissue against damages. Conversely, whenever environmental exposure lasts for a long time, the irreversible alteration of the microRNA machinery results in epigenetic damage contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammation, dysplasia, and cancer induced by environmental pollutants.

Imatinib Regulates miR-483-3p and Mitochondrial Respiratory Complexes in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Metabolic adaptation to increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been found in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) upon imatinib treatment. However, the underlying mechanism of imatinib-induced OXPHOS is unknown. Discovering molecules that mediate imatinib-induced OXPHOS may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies synergizing the efficacy of imatinib. In this study, we explored the role of microRNAs in regulating OXPHOS in GIST upon imatinib treatment. Using a microarray approach, we found that miR-483-3p was one of the most downregulated miRNAs in imatinib-treated tumors compared to untreated tumors. Using an extended series of GIST samples, we further validated the downregulation of miR-483-3p in imatinib-treated GIST samples by RT-qPCR. Using both gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we showed that miR-483-3p could regulate mitochondrial respiratory Complex II expression, suggesting its role in OXPHOS regulation. Functionally, miR-483-3p overexpression could rescue imatinib-induced cell death. These findings provide the molecular link for imatinib-induced OXPHOS expression and the biological role of miR-483-3p in regulating cell viability upon imatinib treatment.

Comparative serum microRNA array analysis of the spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome in different diseases: Chronic hepatitis B and chronic gastritis

Spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome (SSDHS) is the common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome observed in both chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic gastritis (CG). The specialized TCM prescription for CHB and CG patients with SSDHS is same, but there is limited information about the biological characteristics of this TCM syndrome. This study aimed to identify the serum miRNAs profile for the SSDHS in two different diseases in order to evaluate the miRNA-mediated biological characteristics of this TCM syndrome. We performed comparative microarray analysis of serum miRNA expression profiles in 10 CHB patients with SSDHS (SSDHS-CHB), 10 CG patients with SSDHS (SSDHS-CG), and 10 healthy controls (HC). The selected miRNAs were further validated by qRT-PCR in 13 SSDHS-CHB patients, 13 SSDHS-CG patients, and 13 HC. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis (GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses) was applied to identify the involved target genes and pathways for these selected miRNAs. Nine significantly differentially expressed (SDE)-miRNAs in the SSDHS-CHB group and 24 SDE-miRNAs in the SSDHS-CG group were identified, compared with the HC group (fold change >2.0 and p < .05). Among these, upregulated hsa-miR-483-3p and downregulated hsa-miR-223-3p were identified as the common SDE-miRNAs for both SSDHS-CHB and SSDHS-CG groups. Bioinformatics analysis of the common SDE-miRNA's target genes showed their involvement in the regulation of inflammation, immune response, and tumorigenesis. SSDHS-specific hsa-miR-483-3p and hsa-miR-223-3p identified in this study indicated a relevance to the underlying biological basis of SSDHS, and may provide scientific basis for the application of same TCM prescription in CHB and CG.

miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Reveals miRNAs in HCT116 in Response to Folic Acid Deficiency via Regulating Vital Genes of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway

Moderate folic acid (FA) intake is an effective strategy that slows colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, high consumption of FA may trigger the transition of precancerous tissue towards malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to be potential biomarkers of CRC. Thus, identification of miRNAs of dysregulated genes in CRC cells by detailed analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profile in the context of FA deficiency could substantially increase our understanding of its oncogenesis. mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq analyses were utilized to investigate the expression of miRNAs in FA-deficient CRC cell line–HCT116 through massive parallel sequencing technology. A total of 38 mRNAs and 168 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between CRC groups with or without FA deficiency. We constructed an miRNA-mRNA network for the vital regulatory miRNAs altered in FA-deficient CRC cells. The mRNAs and miRNAs validated by Western blotting and RT-qPCR were consistent with the sequencing results. Results showed that FA deficiency upregulated some miRNAs thereby inhibiting the expression of critical genes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Dysregulated miRNAs in our miRNA-mRNA network could contribute to CRC cell in response to deficient FA. This work reveals novel molecular targets that are likely to provide therapeutic interventions for CRC.

Upregulated MicroRNA-483-3p is an Early Event in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and as a Powerful Liquid Biopsy Biomarker in PDAC

Background

There is an urgent need for the development of effective noninvasive biomarkers for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising candidates that can be identified in peripheral blood and can act as "liquid biopsy" biomarkers. miR-483-3p is overexpressed in the tumor tissue of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma, but its potential as noninvasive biomarker remains unknown.

Methods

We conducted locked nucleic acid in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH) for miR-483-3p in archival tissues of 107 patients with PDAC. We also used immunohistochemistry to evaluate SMAD4 expression, the putative miR-483-3p target gene. miR-483-3p expression level was also assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in serum and serum exosome samples from 63 patients with PDAC and 22 healthy individuals.

Results

LNA-ISH showed that miR-483-3p was overexpressed in PDAC and PanIN tissues compared to normal pancreatic duct cells. miR-483-3p expression levels correlated with increases in PanIN lesion grade. miR-483-3p expression negatively correlated with Smad4 expression (γ=-0.770, p<0.0001) in PDAC and PanIN tissues. Circulating miR-483-3p levels were significantly elevated in the serum and serum exosomes of PDAC patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001 and p<0.01, respectively). Specifically, serum miR-483-3p levels were able to distinguish patients with early stage (≤2cm) PDAC from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.83 [95% CI, 0.70-0.96]. Higher serum exosomal miR-483-3p levels predicted worse survival in PDAC patients and serum exosomal miR-483-3p also proved to be an independent prognostic factor for PDAC (hazard ratio = 3.307; 95% CI=1.104 to 9.903; p=0.033). In vitro studies also showed that miR-483-3p promoted pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion.

Conclusion

miR-483-3p overexpression occurs early in PDAC development and is present in premalignant PanIN lesions. Serum miR-483-3p may act as an early PDAC diagnostic biomarker and serum exosomal miR-483-3p may be a PDAC prognostic biomarker.

Differential expression profiles of circular RNAs in the rat hippocampus after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

Neurological dysfunction commonly occurs after cardiac surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). The mechanisms underlying DHCA-associated brain injury remain poorly understood. This study determined the changes in expression profiles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the hippocampus in rats that underwent DHCA, with an attempt to explore the potential role of circRNAs in the brain injury associated with DHCA. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass with DHCA. Brain injury was evaluated by neurological severity scores and histological as well as transmission electron microscope examinations. The expression profiles of circRNAs in the hippocampal tissues were screened by microarray. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to validate the reliability of the microarray results. Bioinformatic algorithms were applied to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to explore the potential biological roles of the circRNAs. Out of 14 145 circRNAs screened, 56 were differentially expressed in the hippocampus between the DHCA and sham-operated rats, including 30 upregulated and 26 downregulated circRNAs. The expression changes of six selected circRNAs (upregulated: rno_circRNA_011190, rno_circRNA_012988, rno_circRNA_000544; downregulated: rno_circRNA_010393, rno_circRNA_012043, rno_circRNA_015149) were further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed the enrichment of these confirmed circRNAs and their potential target mRNAs in several KEGG pathways including histidine metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, and cAMP signaling. By revealing the change expression profiles of circRNAs in the brain after DHCA, this study indicates possible involvements of these dysregulated circRNAs in brain injury and suggests a potential of targeting circRNAs for prevention and treatment of neurological dysfunction associated with DHCA.

Hsa_circ_0123190 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate APLNR expression by sponging hsa-miR-483-3p in lupus nephritis

Background

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate gene transcription, which is involved in mechanism of many diseases. However, the role of circRNA in lupus nephritis has been rarely reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinical value of circRNAs and explore the mechanism of circRNA involvement in the pathogenesis of LN.

Methods

Renal tissues from three untreated LN patients and three normal controls (NCs) were used to identify differently expressed circRNAs by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Validated assays were used by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The interactions between circRNA and miRNA, or miRNA and mRNA were further determined by luciferase reporter assay. The extent of renal fibrosis between the two groups was assessed by Masson-trichome staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

Results

159 circRNAs were significantly dysregulated in LN patients compared with NCs. The expression of hsa_circ_0123190 was significantly decreased in the renal tissues of patients with LN (P = 0.014). Bio-informatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay illustrated that hsa_circ_0123190 can act as a sponge for hsa-miR-483-3p, which was also validated to interact with APLNR. APLNR mRNA expression was related with chronicity index (CI) of LN (P = 0.033, R² = 0.452). Moreover, the fibrotic-related protein, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which was regulated by APLNR, was more pronounced in the LN group (P = 0.018).

Conclusion

Hsa_circ_0123190 may function as a ceRNA to regulate APLNR expression by sponging hsa-miR-483-3p in LN.

miR-483-5p promotes esophageal cancer progression by targeting KCNQ1

OBJECTIVES

miR-483-5p has been reported to be an oncogene of various cancers, but its functional and regulatory mechanisms in esophageal cancer (EC) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the functional and molecular mechanisms of miR-483-5p in EC so as to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the therapeutic target for EC.

METHODS

miRNA expression profiles were downloaded from the TCGA-ESCA dataset to screen the target miRNA. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the transcriptional levels of miR-483-5p and KCNQ1 in EC cells. Western blot was conducted to determine the protein expression of KCNQ1. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was carried out to assess cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR-483-5p and KCNQ1.

RESULTS

miR-483-5p was up-regulated in EC cells and could bind to the 3'-untranslational region of KCNQ1. Over-expressing miR-483-5p suppressed KCNQ1 expression. Besides, miR-483-5p over-expression facilitated EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while its down-regulation triggered opposite result. Over-expressing miR-483-5p and KCNQ1 simultaneously could weaken the promoting effect of miR-483-5p over-expression on EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

CONCLUSION

miR-483-5p as an oncogene facilitated EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeted silencing KCNQ1, which is likely to provide a basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of EC progression.

Medulloblastoma malignant biological behaviors are associated with HOTAIR/miR-483-3p/CDK4 axis

BACKGROUND

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Although the 5-year survival rate is high, patients with relapsed medulloblastoma have a guarded prognosis. HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) has been proved to be related to the metastasis of various tumors. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in medulloblastoma cells was investigated in this study.

METHODS

HOTAIR was stably silenced in medulloblastoma cells (Daoy and D341). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by 5'-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, Hoechst 33342 staining, immunohistochemical (IHC), Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry, respectively. The targeted relationship between HOTAIR/Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and miR-483-3p were predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Balb/C nude mice were inoculated with shRNA-HOTAIR transfected Daoy cells.

RESULTS

We found that the down-regulation of HOTAIR inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Sh-RNA-HOTAIR also inhibited the expression of CKD4. The CDK4 dependent increase of cell proliferation and decrease of cell apoptosis were reversed by shRNA-HOTAIR. Finally, a xenograft model of medulloblastoma in nude mice was built, and the effect of shRNA-HOTAIR on the growth of tumors was analyzed by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL staining. The data suggested interference of HOTAIR inhibited the growth, tumor weight, cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study altogether demonstrated HOTAIR influence cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulation of miR-483-3p and CDK4 in medulloblastoma cells. HOTAIR can be used as a candidate for potential applications in the treatment of medulloblastoma.

[Effect of benzo(a)pyrene on the expression of AhR-regulated microRNA in female and male rat lungs]

Smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer, mainly due to presence of nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in tobacco smoke composition. The genotoxic effect of BP is based on the high DNA-binding ability of its metabolites, while the epigenetic effects are mediated by a change in the expression of cancer related genes or regulatory RNAs. It has been shown that women have a higher risk to develop lung cancer upon smoking rather than men. We hypothesized that crosstalk between signaling pathways activated by BP and estrogens could underlie the sex-dependent differences in miRNAs expression. To test this hypothesis, male and female rats were subjected to short-term or long-term BP exposure. Using in silico analysis, miRNAs containing the ER- and AhR-binding sites in the promoters of the genes (or host genes) were selected. During chronic exposure of BP the expression of miR-22-3p, -29a-3p, -126a-3p, -193b-5p in the lungs of male rats were significantly increased, while the level of miRNA-483-3p were decreased. Expression of miRNA-483-3p was up-regulated during chronic BP exposure in the lungs of female rats and the levels of other studied miRNAs were unchanged. In turn, changes in the expression of miRNAs were followed by changes in the expression of their target genes, including PTEN, EMP2, IGF1, ITGA6, SLC34A2, and the observed changes in female and male rat lungs were varied. Thus, our results suggest that sex-dependent epigenetic effects of BP may be based on different expression of AhR- and ER- regulated miRNAs.

Genome-wide analysis of prognostic-related lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs forming a competing endogenous RNA network in lung squamous cell carcinoma

PURPOSE

As a type of cancer with the highest morbidity and mortality, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has a very poor prognosis. Long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has recently attracted attentions because it can play the role of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to inhibit microRNA (miRNA) functions. In this study, we aimed to find prognosis-related lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs and construct a prognosis-related ceRNA network.

METHODS

The original LUSC RNA-sequencing data and miRNA profiles data were downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were then identified between patients with lymph node metastasis and no lymph node metastasis. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to find the survival-associated lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. Subsequently, prognostic-related ceRNA network was established. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, three lncRNA signatures and three mRNA signatures were developed and used for predicting LUSC patients' survival.

RESULTS

A total of 224 lncRNAs, 160 miRNAs, 913 mRNAs were identified between samples with lymph node metastasis and no lymph node metastasis. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that, among them, 28 lncRNAs, 8 miRNAs, 105 mRNAs were significantly associated with patients' overall survival time. Further pathway and enrichment analysis suggested that these mRNAs were associated with the regulation of transmembrane transport, regulation of blood circulation, plasma lipoprotein particle organization. Then we constructed a survival-related ceRNA network including 9 lncRNAs, 8 miRNAs and 23 mRNAs. Additionally, a multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that three lncRNAs (AL161431.1, LINC02389, APCDD1L.DT) and three mRNAs (KLK6, SLITRK5, CCDC177) had a significant prognostic value. Risk score indicated that lncRNA signature and mRNA signature could independently predict overall survival in LUSC patients.

CONCLUSION

The current study provided a better understanding of the ceRNA network in the progression of LUSC and laid a theoretical foundation for LUSC prognosis.

MicroRNA-483-3p Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Induces Chemoresistance of Wilms' Tumor Cells

Wilms' tumor is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. MiRNAs are important regulators in multiple cancers including Wilms' tumor. In this study, we examined the role of miR-483-3p on proliferation, chemosensitivity, migration, and invasion of Wilms' tumor cells. The proliferation of Wilms' tumor cells was examined using WST-1 assay. The migration and invasion of Wilms' tumor cells were evaluated by transwell migration assay and matrigel invasion assay. The protein expression levels were detected by Western blot. The effect of miR-483-3p on doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in Wilms' tumor cells was evaluated by caspase-Glo3/7 assay. Forced expression of miR-483-3p promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion in Wilms' tumor cells. Meanwhile, miR-483-3p decreased the sensitivity of Wilms' tumor cells after doxorubicin treatment. MiR-483-3p inhibited the doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in Wilms' tumor cells by the regulation of BAX and Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, miR-483-3p regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by affecting the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, snail, and vimentin in Wilms' tumor cells. Further studies showed that the expression levels of PTEN and p-AKT in Wilms' tumor cells were changed after aberrant expression of miR-483-3p by binding to 3'-UTR of PTEN. Our study suggests that miR-483-3p played important roles in proliferation and progression in Wilms' tumor cells and might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and predict chemotherapy response in Wilms' tumor.

Screening for microRNA-based diagnostic markers in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis

This study aims to screen differentially expressed host miRNAs that could be used as diagnostic markers for liver alveolar echinococcosis (LAE).Differentially expressed miRNAs were first screened by miRNA microarray in liver tissues from2 LAE patients and normal liver tissues from 3 LAE patients, followed by qRT-PCR validation in 15 LAE tissues and 15 normal tissues. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using Targetscan, PITA and microRNAorg database, and the overlapped predicted target genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG.The hsa-miR-1237-3p, hsa-miR-33b-3p, and hsa-miR-483-3p were up-regulated whereas the hsa-miR-4306 was down-regulated in LAE tissues compared with normal controls (P < .05). The expression change of miR-483-3p was further confirmed in both liver tissues and plasma. Several predicted targets of miR-1237-3p, miR-4306, and miR-483-3p were related to DNA-dependent transcriptional regulation, developmental regulation of multicellular organisms, and biological functions such as cellular immune responses (T cell proliferation). The overlapped predicted target genes of the 4 differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched in mRNA surveillance, cancer signaling pathway, intestinal immune network, and other signal pathways.Our results indicate that miR-483-3p is a potential marker for the diagnosis of LAE, and targets of this miRNA could be the focus of further studies.

p53 Signaling in Cancers

This special issue on p53 explores different aspects of the significance of p53 in normal cells and in cancer [...].

Increased Expression of miR-483-3p Impairs the Vascular Response to Injury in Type 2 Diabetes

Aggravated endothelial injury and impaired endothelial repair capacity contribute to the high cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here we describe the functional role of a mature form of miRNA (miR) 483-3p, which limits endothelial repair capacity in patients with T2D. Expression of human (hsa)-miR-483-3p was higher in endothelial-supportive M2-type macrophages (M2MΦs) and in the aortic wall of patients with T2D than in control subjects without diabetes. Likewise, the murine (mmu)-miR-483* was higher in T2D than in nondiabetic murine carotid samples. Overexpression of miR-483-3p increased endothelial and macrophage apoptosis and impaired reendothelialization in vitro. The inhibition of hsa-miR-483-3p in human T2D M2MΦs transplanted to athymic nude mice (NMRI-Foxn1^ν/Foxn1^ν ) or systemic inhibition of mmu-miR-483* in B6.BKS(D)-Lepr^db /J diabetic mice rescued diabetes-associated impairment of reendothelialization in the murine carotid-injury model. We identified the endothelial transcription factor vascular endothelial zinc finger 1 (VEZF1) as a direct target of miR-483-3p. VEZF1 expression was reduced in aortae of diabetic mice and upregulated in diabetic murine aortae upon systemic inhibition of mmu-483*. The miRNA miR-483-3p is a critical regulator of endothelial integrity in patients with T2D and may represent a therapeutic target to rescue endothelial regeneration after injury in patients with T2D.

miR-483 inhibits bovine myoblast cell proliferation and differentiation via IGF1/PI3K/AKT signal pathway

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been established to regulate skeletal muscle development in mammals. However, few studies have been conducted on the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblast cells by miRNAs. The aim of our study was to explore the function of miR-483 in cell proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblast. Here, we found that miR-483 declined in both proliferation and differentiation stages of bovine myoblast cells. During the proliferation phase, the overexpression of miR-483 downregulated the cell cycle-associated genes cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) messenger RNA (mRNA), and the protein levels. At the cellular level, cell cycle, cell counting kit-8, and 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine results indicated that the overexpression of miR-483 block cell proliferation. During differentiation, the overexpression of miR-483 led to a decrease in the levels of the myogenic marker genes MyoD1 and MyoG mRNA and protein. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence analysis results showed that the number of MyHC-positive myotubes was reduced. In contrast, the opposite experimental results were obtained concerning both proliferation and differentiation after the inhibition of miR-483. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-483 target insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and downregulated the expression of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Altogether, our findings indicate that miR-483 acts as a negative regulator of bovine myoblast cell proliferation and differentiation.