1
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Zhang H, Song Q, Shang K, Li Y, Jiang L, Yang L. Tspan protein family: focusing on the occurrence, progression, and treatment of cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:187. [PMID: 38649381 PMCID: PMC11035590 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Tetraspanins (Tspan) protein family, also known as the tetraspanin family, contains 33 family members that interact with other protein molecules such as integrins, adhesion molecules, and T cell receptors by forming dimers or heterodimers. The Tspan protein family regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, apoptosis, autophagy, tissue differentiation, and immune response. More and more studies have shown that Tspan proteins are involved in tumorigenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thrombosis, tumor stem cell, and exosome signaling. Some drugs and microRNAs can inhibit Tspan proteins, thus providing new strategies for tumor therapy. An in-depth understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the Tspan protein family, which can promote or inhibit tumor development, will provide new strategies for targeted interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huhu Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qinghang Song
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kaiwen Shang
- Health Science Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liangqian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Runel G, Lopez-Ramirez N, Barbollat-Boutrand L, Cario M, Durand S, Grimont M, Schartl M, Dalle S, Caramel J, Chlasta J, Masse I. Cancer Cell Biomechanical Properties Accompany Tspan8-Dependent Cutaneous Melanoma Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:694. [PMID: 38398085 PMCID: PMC10887418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic biomechanical properties of cancer cells remain poorly understood. To decipher whether cell stiffness modulation could increase melanoma cells' invasive capacity, we performed both in vitro and in vivo experiments exploring cell stiffness by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We correlated stiffness properties with cell morphology adaptation and the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-like phenotype switching. We found that melanoma cell stiffness reduction was systematically associated with the acquisition of invasive properties in cutaneous melanoma cell lines, human skin reconstructs, and Medaka fish developing spontaneous MAP-kinase-induced melanomas. We observed a systematic correlation of stiffness modulation with cell morphological changes towards mesenchymal characteristic gains. We accordingly found that inducing melanoma EMT switching by overexpressing the ZEB1 transcription factor, a major regulator of melanoma cell plasticity, was sufficient to decrease cell stiffness and transcriptionally induce tetraspanin-8-mediated dermal invasion. Moreover, ZEB1 expression correlated with Tspan8 expression in patient melanoma lesions. Our data suggest that intrinsic cell stiffness could be a highly relevant marker for human cutaneous melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Runel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- BioMeca, 60F, Bioserra 2, Av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Noémie Lopez-Ramirez
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Laetitia Barbollat-Boutrand
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Muriel Cario
- National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disease, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, INSERM 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- AquiDerm, University Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon Durand
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Maxime Grimont
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- Dermatology Department, Hôpital Universitaire Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Julie Caramel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | - Julien Chlasta
- BioMeca, 60F, Bioserra 2, Av. Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Ingrid Masse
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286, Inserm U1052, University of Lyon, University Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
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3
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Lam JSW, Fan H, Fu NY. Molecular Regulation and Oncogenic Functions of TSPAN8. Cells 2024; 13:193. [PMID: 38275818 PMCID: PMC10814125 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a superfamily of small integral membrane proteins, are characterized by four transmembrane domains and conserved protein motifs that are configured into a unique molecular topology and structure in the plasma membrane. They act as key organizers of the plasma membrane, orchestrating the formation of specialized microdomains called "tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs)" or "tetraspanin nanodomains" that are essential for mediating diverse biological processes. TSPAN8 is one of the earliest identified tetraspanin members. It is known to interact with a wide range of molecular partners in different cellular contexts and regulate diverse molecular and cellular events at the plasma membrane, including cell adhesion, migration, invasion, signal transduction, and exosome biogenesis. The functions of cell-surface TSPAN8 are governed by ER targeting, modifications at the Golgi apparatus and dynamic trafficking. Intriguingly, limited evidence shows that TSPAN8 can translocate to the nucleus to act as a transcriptional regulator. The transcription of TSPAN8 is tightly regulated and restricted to defined cell lineages, where it can serve as a molecular marker of stem/progenitor cells in certain normal tissues as well as tumors. Importantly, the oncogenic roles of TSPAN8 in tumor development and cancer metastasis have gained prominence in recent decades. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge on the molecular characteristics and regulatory mechanisms defining TSPAN8 functions, and discuss the potential and significance of TSPAN8 as a biomarker and therapeutic target across various epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne Shi Woon Lam
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Nai Yang Fu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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4
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Suwatthanarak T, Thanormjit K, Suwatthanarak T, Acharayothin O, Methasate A, Chinswangwatanakul V, Tanjak P. Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of Tetraspanins in Stage 4 Colon Cancer from Primary Tumor and Liver Metastasis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:126. [PMID: 38255741 PMCID: PMC10817616 DOI: 10.3390/life14010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Stage 4 colon cancer (CC) presents a significant global health challenge due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Tetraspanins, the transmembrane proteins involved in crucial cancer processes, have recently gained attention as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. However, their spatial expression and potential roles in stage 4 CC tissues remain unknown. Using the GeoMx digital spatial profiler, we profiled all 33 human tetraspanin genes in 48 areas within stage 4 CC tissues, segmented into immune, fibroblast, and tumor compartments. Our results unveiled diverse gene expression patterns across different primary tumor sub-regions. CD53 exhibited distinct overexpression in the immune compartment, hinting at a potential role in immune modulation. TSPAN9 was specifically overexpressed in the fibroblast compartment, suggesting involvement in tumor invasion and metastasis. CD9, CD151, TSPAN1, TSPAN3, TSPAN8, and TSPAN13 displayed specific overexpression in the tumor compartment, indicating potential roles in tumor growth. Furthermore, our differential analysis revealed significant spatial changes in tetraspanin expression between patient-matched stage 4 primary CC and metastatic liver tissues. These findings provide spatially resolved insights into the expression and potential roles of tetraspanins in stage 4 CC progression, proposing their utility as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Understanding this landscape is beneficial for tailoring therapeutic strategies to specific sub-tumor regions in the context of stage 4 CC and liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Suwatthanarak
- Siriraj Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (K.T.); (V.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Kullanist Thanormjit
- Siriraj Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (K.T.); (V.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Tharathorn Suwatthanarak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Onchira Acharayothin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Asada Methasate
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Vitoon Chinswangwatanakul
- Siriraj Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (K.T.); (V.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Pariyada Tanjak
- Siriraj Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (K.T.); (V.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (T.S.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
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5
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Zhu Y, Saint-Pol J, Nguyen V, Rubinstein E, Boucheix C, Greco C. The Tetraspanin Tspan8 Associates with Endothelin Converting Enzyme ECE1 and Regulates Its Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4751. [PMID: 37835445 PMCID: PMC10571763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tspan8 is a member of the tetraspanins family of cell surface molecules. The ability of tetraspanins to organize membrane microdomains with other membrane molecules and interfere with their function suggests that they could act as surface integrators of external or internal signals. Among the first identified tetraspanins, Tspan8 promotes tumor progression and metastasis, presumably by stimulating angiogenesis and cell motility. In patients, its expression on digestive tract tumors seems to be associated with a bad prognosis. We showed previously that Tspan8 associates with E-cadherin and EGFR and modulates their effects on cell motility. Using Mass spectrometry and western blot, we found a new partner, the endothelin converting enzyme ECE1, and showed that Tspan8 amplifies its activity of conversion of the endothelin-1 precursor bigET1 to endothelin. This was observed by transduction of the colon carcinoma cell line Isreco1, which does not express Tspan8, and on ileum tissue fragments of tspan8ko mice versus wild type mice. Given these results, Tspan8 appears to be a modulator of the endothelin axis, which could possibly be targeted in case of over-activity of endothelins in biological processes of tissues expressing Tspan8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- UMR-S 1004, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (E.R.)
- Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Julien Saint-Pol
- UMR-S 1004, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (E.R.)
- Université Artois, UR 2465, Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory (LBHE), 62300 Lens, France
| | - Viet Nguyen
- Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- Plateforme Spectrométrie de Masse, Laboratoire Biochimie-Hormonologie, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75610 Paris, France
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- UMR-S 1004, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France; (Y.Z.); (J.S.-P.); (E.R.)
- Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CIMI-Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- Université Paris Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- UMR-S 1197, SFR André Lwoff, Inserm, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Greco
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 75610 Paris, France
- U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, 75014 Paris, France
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6
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Salimi L, Seyedaghamiri F, Karimipour M, Mobarak H, Mardi N, Taghavi M, Rahbarghazi R. Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood-brain-barrier interface. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:118. [PMID: 37208741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) interface with multicellular structure controls strictly the entry of varied circulating macromolecules from the blood-facing surface into the brain parenchyma. Under several pathological conditions within the central nervous system, the integrity of the BBB interface is disrupted due to the abnormal crosstalk between the cellular constituents and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Exosomes (Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles with diverse therapeutic outcomes. These particles transfer a plethora of signaling molecules with the potential to modulate target cell behavior in a paracrine manner. Here, in the current review article, the therapeutic properties of Exos and their potential in the alleviation of compromised BBB structure were discussed. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salimi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Seyedaghamiri
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Malla R, Marni R, Chakraborty A. Exploring the role of CD151 in the tumor immune microenvironment: Therapeutic and clinical perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188898. [PMID: 37094754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
CD151 is a transmembrane protein implicated in tumor progression and has been shown to regulate various cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to malignancy. More recently, the role of CD151 in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has gained attention as a potential target for cancer therapy. This review aims to explore the role of CD151 in the TIME, focusing on the therapeutic and clinical perspectives. The role of CD151 in regulating the interactions between tumor cells and the immune system will be discussed, along with the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions. The current state of the development of CD151-targeted therapies and the potential clinical applications of these therapies will also be reviewed. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the role of CD151 in the TIME and highlights the potential of CD151 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Rakshmita Marni
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Dept of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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8
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Zhou Z, Yang Z, Zhou L, Yang M, He S. The versatile roles of testrapanins in cancer from intracellular signaling to cell-cell communication: cell membrane proteins without ligands. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 36941633 PMCID: PMC10025802 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanins (TSPANs) are a family of four-transmembrane proteins with 33 members in mammals. They are variably expressed on the cell surface, various intracellular organelles and vesicles in nearly all cell types. Different from the majority of cell membrane proteins, TSPANs do not have natural ligands. TSPANs typically organize laterally with other membrane proteins to form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) to influence cell adhesion, migration, invasion, survival and induce downstream signaling. Emerging evidence shows that TSPANs can regulate not only cancer cell growth, metastasis, stemness, drug resistance, but also biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (exosomes and migrasomes), and immunomicroenvironment. This review summarizes recent studies that have shown the versatile function of TSPANs in cancer development and progression, or the molecular mechanism of TSPANs. These findings support the potential of TSPANs as novel therapeutic targets against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Song He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Hysenaj L, Little S, Kulhanek K, Magnen M, Bahl K, Gbenedio OM, Prinz M, Rodriguez L, Andersen C, Rao AA, Shen A, Lone JC, Lupin-Jimenez LC, Bonser LR, Serwas NK, Mick E, Khalid MM, Taha TY, Kumar R, Li JZ, Ding VW, Matsumoto S, Maishan M, Sreekumar B, Simoneau C, Nazarenko I, Tomlinson MG, Khan K, von Gottberg A, Sigal A, Looney MR, Fragiadakis GK, Jablons DM, Langelier CR, Matthay M, Krummel M, Erle DJ, Combes AJ, Sil A, Ott M, Kratz JR, Roose JP. SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway organoids reveals conserved use of Tetraspanin-8 by Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron variants. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:636-653. [PMID: 36827975 PMCID: PMC9948283 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ancestral SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and variants of concern (VOC) caused a global pandemic with a spectrum of disease severity. The mechanistic explaining variations related to airway epithelium are relatively understudied. Here, we biobanked airway organoids (AO) by preserving stem cell function. We optimized viral infection with H1N1/PR8 and comprehensively characterized epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in phenotypically stable AO from 20 different subjects. We discovered Tetraspanin-8 (TSPAN8) as a facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 infection. TSPAN8 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection rates independently of ACE2-Spike interaction. In head-to-head comparisons with Ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron VOC displayed lower overall infection rates of AO but triggered changes in epithelial response. All variants shared highest tropism for ciliated and goblet cells. TSPAN8-blocking antibodies diminish SARS-CoV-2 infection and may spur novel avenues for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiena Hysenaj
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Samantha Little
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kayla Kulhanek
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melia Magnen
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kriti Bahl
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oghenekevwe M Gbenedio
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Morgan Prinz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lauren Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Andersen
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alan Shen
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Leonard C Lupin-Jimenez
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luke R Bonser
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nina K Serwas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eran Mick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mir M Khalid
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taha Y Taha
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renuka Kumar
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Z Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivianne W Ding
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shotaro Matsumoto
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bharath Sreekumar
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camille Simoneau
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael G Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Khajida Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Centre for the AIDS Program of Research, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mark R Looney
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela K Fragiadakis
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David M Jablons
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charles R Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael Matthay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew Krummel
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David J Erle
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis J Combes
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johannes R Kratz
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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10
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Hammouz RY, Orzechowska M, Anusewicz D, Bednarek AK. X or Y Cancer: An Extensive Analysis of Sex Differences in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1395-1415. [PMID: 36826068 PMCID: PMC9955992 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cellular metabolism is a tightly controlled process during which cell growth and survival are maintained. Lung cancer is a disease with clear sex differences, where female patients have better survival rates than males. Evidence of sex differences is demonstrated in cancer risk, prognosis and response to different therapies, yet a sex-specific approach to cancer studies is not widely considered. These different tumour characteristics attributed to sex that impact disease outcome, including constitutional genetic and somatic molecular differences, make it essential to assess viral and hormonal influences. Methods: In silico analysis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) TCGA data, including K-means clustering algorithm, dimensional reduction with principal component analysis and differential expression analysis using EdgeR (p < 0.05), were used to explore some robust sex differences in LUAD that exist in core signalling pathways and metabolic processes between males and females. The correlation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) expression with immune abundance in the LUAD cohort was analysed on TIMER2.0 and adjusted by tumour purity utilising Cox proportional hazard. Multiple factorial analysis heatmap visualisation was used to examine endogenous steroid hormonal effects on LUAD patients with different smoking status and age groups. Results: We found 161 DEGs showing key differences in regulation of immune system and cellular homeostasis, key elements of divergent cancer progression, between the two sexes. We also found male and female LUAD patients to favour different metabolic intermediates for energy production to support tumourigenesis. Additionally, high levels of Tregs accompanied by DEGs correlated with better LUAD prognosis, and circulating hormonal transcriptional targets affect proliferation and progression in males and females differently. Finally, we examined the role of oestrogen protection in men and pre-/postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Further studies should focus on sex-specific changes and investigate sex-specific gene regulatory networks of these DEGs. Several lifestyle factors, including tobacco smoking and diet, differ between males and females. These factors might affect metabolic pathways and can influence the activity of epigenetic regulators, resulting in significant global epigenetic changes.
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11
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Pourhamzeh M, Asadian S, Mirzaei H, Minaei A, Shahriari E, Shpichka A, Es HA, Timashev P, Hassan M, Vosough M. Novel antigens for targeted radioimmunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:23-37. [PMID: 35708866 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth common cancer and forth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Based on usually advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the time of diagnosis, therapeutic options are limited and, in many cases, not effective, and typically result in the tumor recurrence with a poor prognosis. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) offers a selective internal radiation therapy approach using beta or alpha emitting radionuclides conjugated with tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), or specific selective peptides. When compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, radiolabeled mAbs against cancer-associated antigens could provide a high therapeutic and exclusive radiation dose for cancerous cells while decreasing the exposure-induced side effects to healthy tissues. The recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, such as blockade of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has changed the landscape of cancer therapy, and the efficacy of different classes of immunotherapy has been tested in many clinical trials. Taking into account the use of ICIs in the liver tumor microenvironment, combined therapies with different approaches may enhance the outcome in the future clinical studies. With the development of novel immunotherapy treatment options in the recent years, there has been a great deal of information about combining the diverse treatment modalities to boost the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs. In this opinion review, we will discuss the recent advancements in RIT. The current status of immunotherapy and internal radiotherapy will be updated, and we will propose novel approaches for the combination of both techniques. Potential target antigens for radioimmunotherapy in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC radioimmunotherapy target antigens are the most specific and commonly accessible antigens on the surface of HCC cells. CTLA-4 ligand and receptor, TAMs, PD-1/PD-L, TIM-3, specific IEXs/TEXs, ROBO1, and cluster of differentiation antigens CD105, CD147 could all be used in HCC radioimmunotherapy. Abbreviations: TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4; PD-1, Programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L, programmed death-ligand1; TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin-domain containing protein-3; IEXs, immune cell-derived exosomes; TEXs, tumor-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Pourhamzeh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Departments of Pathology and Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samieh Asadian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Azita Minaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elahe Shahriari
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. .,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. .,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Xie Z, Ding Y, Huang J, Yao J, Lv Y, Zuo J. Research Progress and Direction of Novel Organelle-Migrasomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010134. [PMID: 36612129 PMCID: PMC9817827 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrasomes are organelles that are similar in structure to pomegranates, up to 3 μm in diameter, and contain small vesicles with a diameter of 50-100 nm. These membranous organelles grow at the intersections or tips of retracting fibers at the back of migrating cells. The process by which cells release migrasomes and their contents outside the cell is called migracytosis. The signal molecules are packaged in the migrasomes and released to the designated location by migrasomes to activate the surrounding cells. Finally, the migrasomes complete the entire process of information transmission. In this sense, migrasomes integrate time, space, and specific chemical information, which are essential for regulating physiological processes such as embryonic development and tumor invasion and migration. In this review, the current research progress of migrasomes, including the discovery of migrasomes and migracytosis, the structure of migrasomes, and the distribution and functions of migrasomes is discussed. The migratory marker protein TSPAN4 is highly expressed in various cancers and is associated with cancer invasion and migration. Therefore, there is still much research space for the pathogenesis of migratory bodies and cancer. This review also makes bold predictions and prospects for the research directions of the combination of migrasomes and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yubo Ding
- Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yufan Lv
- Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, China
- Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421900, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Carballo L, Sánchez-García A, Bataller M, LLeonart ME. TSPAN1, a novel tetraspanin member highly involved in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188674. [PMID: 34979155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspanin (TSPAN) family constitutes a poorly explored family of membrane receptors involved in various physiological processes, with relevant roles in anchoring multiple proteins, acting as scaffolding proteins, and cell signaling. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the involvement of TSPANs in cancer. In particular, tetraspanin 1 (also known as TSPAN1, NET-1, TM4C, C4.8 or GEF) has been implicated in cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Recently, our laboratory revealed a key role of TSPAN1 in the acquired resistance of tumor cells to conventional chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin). In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest research on the physiological mechanisms of TSPANs in cancer and, in particular, on TSPAN1 regulating resistance to chemotherapy. A model of TSPAN1 action is proposed, and the potential of targeting TSPAN1 in anticancer therapeutic strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Carballo
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez-García
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bataller
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center in Oncology, CIBERONC, Spain.
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14
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Expression of Tspan8 in Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Relationship with Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7475938. [PMID: 34721643 PMCID: PMC8553440 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7475938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are increasing worldwide. High invasion and metastasis are one of the main causes of death in patients. The selection of reasonable and effective molecular markers to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ICC has important clinical guiding significance. In this study, the expression of Tspan protein in ICC and normal tissues was compared, the correlation between Tspan expression and pathological features of patients was analyzed by the logistic regression model using multivariate analysis, and the relationship between Tspan8 expression and prognosis of ICC patients was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The results showed that Tspan8 is highly positive in ICC tissues, TNM stage, degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and Tspan8 protein expression were independently correlated, and the overexpression of Tspan was associated with the prognosis of ICC invasion and metastasis. This provides a new idea for clinical treatment.
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15
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Deng Y, Cai S, Shen J, Peng H. Tetraspanins: Novel Molecular Regulators of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:702510. [PMID: 34222025 PMCID: PMC8250138 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.702510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth and fifth most common cancer worldwide in men and women, respectively. However, patients with an advanced stage of gastric cancer still have a poor prognosis and low overall survival rate. The tetraspanins belong to a protein superfamily with four hydrophobic transmembrane domains and 33 mammalian tetraspanins are ubiquitously distributed in various cells and tissues. They interact with other membrane proteins to form tetraspanin-enriched microdomains and serve a variety of functions including cell adhesion, invasion, motility, cell fusion, virus infection, and signal transduction. In this review, we summarize multiple utilities of tetraspanins in the progression of gastric cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms. In general, the expression of TSPAN8, CD151, TSPAN1, and TSPAN4 is increased in gastric cancer tissues and enhance the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells, while CD81, CD82, TSPAN5, TSPAN9, and TSPAN21 are downregulated and suppress gastric cancer cell growth. In terms of cell motility regulation, CD9, CD63 and CD82 are metastasis suppressors and the expression level is inversely associated with lymph node metastasis. We also review the clinicopathological significance of tetraspanins in gastric cancer including therapeutic targets, the development of drug resistance and prognosis prediction. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical value and current limitations of tetraspanins in gastric cancer treatments, and provide some guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sicheng Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiming Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Schäfer D, Tomiuk S, Küster LN, Rawashdeh WA, Henze J, Tischler-Höhle G, Agorku DJ, Brauner J, Linnartz C, Lock D, Kaiser A, Herbel C, Eckardt D, Lamorte M, Lenhard D, Schüler J, Ströbel P, Missbach-Guentner J, Pinkert-Leetsch D, Alves F, Bosio A, Hardt O. Identification of CD318, TSPAN8 and CD66c as target candidates for CAR T cell based immunotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1453. [PMID: 33674603 PMCID: PMC7935963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major roadblock prohibiting effective cellular immunotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the lack of suitable tumor-specific antigens. To address this challenge, here we combine flow cytometry screenings, bioinformatic expression analyses and a cyclic immunofluorescence platform. We identify CLA, CD66c, CD318 and TSPAN8 as target candidates among 371 antigens and generate 32 CARs specific for these molecules. CAR T cell activity is evaluated in vitro based on target cell lysis, T cell activation and cytokine release. Promising constructs are evaluated in vivo. CAR T cells specific for CD66c, CD318 and TSPAN8 demonstrate efficacies ranging from stabilized disease to complete tumor eradication with CD318 followed by TSPAN8 being the most promising candidates for clinical translation based on functionality and predicted safety profiles. This study reveals potential target candidates for CAR T cell based immunotherapy of PDAC together with a functional set of CAR constructs specific for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schäfer
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Stefan Tomiuk
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Laura N Küster
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Janina Henze
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | | | - David J Agorku
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Janina Brauner
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Cathrin Linnartz
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dominik Lock
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Andrew Kaiser
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christoph Herbel
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dominik Eckardt
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Melina Lamorte
- Charles River Discovery Research Services GmbH, Freiburg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Lenhard
- Charles River Discovery Research Services GmbH, Freiburg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Julia Schüler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services GmbH, Freiburg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Pathology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Jeannine Missbach-Guentner
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Diana Pinkert-Leetsch
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Clinic for Hematology and Medical Oncology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Andreas Bosio
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Olaf Hardt
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, R&D, Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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17
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Tetraspanins: useful multifunction proteins for the possible design and development of small-molecule therapeutic tools. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:56-68. [PMID: 33137483 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins constitute a well-conserved superfamily of four-span small membrane proteins (TM4SF), with >30 members in humans, with important roles in numerous mechanisms of cell biology. Moreover, tetraspanins associate with either specific partner proteins or another tetraspanin, generating a network of interactions involved in cell and membrane compartmentalization and having a role in cellular development, proliferation, activation, motility, and membrane fusions. Therefore, tetraspanins are considered regulators of cellular signaling and are often depicted as 'molecular facilitators'. In view of these many physiological functions, it is likely that these molecules are important actors in pathological processes. In this review, we present the main characteristics of this superfamily, providing a more detailed description of some significant representatives and discuss their relevance as potential targets for the design and development of small-molecule therapeutics in different pathologies.
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18
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Yang Y, Liu XR, Greenberg ZJ, Zhou F, He P, Fan L, Liu S, Shen G, Egawa T, Gross ML, Schuettpelz LG, Li W. Open conformation of tetraspanins shapes interaction partner networks on cell membranes. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105246. [PMID: 32974937 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins, including CD53 and CD81, regulate a multitude of cellular processes through organizing an interaction network on cell membranes. Here, we report the crystal structure of CD53 in an open conformation poised for partner interaction. The large extracellular domain (EC2) of CD53 protrudes away from the membrane surface and exposes a variable region, which is identified by hydrogen-deuterium exchange as the common interface for CD53 and CD81 to bind partners. The EC2 orientation in CD53 is supported by an extracellular loop (EC1). At the closed conformation of CD81, however, EC2 disengages from EC1 and rotates toward the membrane, thereby preventing partner interaction. Structural simulation shows that EC1-EC2 interaction also supports the open conformation of CD81. Disrupting this interaction in CD81 impairs the accurate glycosylation of its CD19 partner, the target for leukemia immunotherapies. Moreover, EC1 mutations in CD53 prevent the chemotaxis of pre-B cells toward a chemokine that supports B-cell trafficking and homing within the bone marrow, a major CD53 function identified here. Overall, an open conformation is required for tetraspanin-partner interactions to support myriad cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Zev J Greenberg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fengbo Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lingling Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shixuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guomin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pediatrics Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Qi Y, Li H, Lv J, Qi W, Shen L, Liu S, Ding A, Wang G, Sun L, Qiu W. Expression and function of transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins in digestive system cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:314. [PMID: 32694936 PMCID: PMC7364658 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the medical level is constantly improving, cancer is still a major disease that threatens human health, and very effective treatments have not been found. In recent years, studies have found that four-transmembrane superfamily proteins are involved in multiple stages of tumorigenesis and development, but their expression and function in tumors have not been systematically studied. Methods We used the Oncomine database to analyze the mRNA expression levels of TSPAN family in various cancers. Then differentially expressed genes were screened out and verified by liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer cells by q-PCR and Western blot analysis. CCK8 and EDU analysis are used to detect cell proliferation, Cell wound scrape assay and Cell invasion assay are used to analyze cell invasion and metastasis. Nude tumor formation test used to verify the tumor suppressive effect of TSPAN7 in vivo. Results Differential analysis of 33 TSPAN proteins revealed that a total of 11 proteins showed differential expression in 10% of independent analyses, namely TSPAN1, TSPAN3, TSPAN5, TSPAN6, TSPAN7, TSPAN8, TSPAN13, TSPAN25, TSPAN26, TSPAN29, TSPAN30. TSPAN7 is the only four-transmembrane protein with reduced expression in three types of digestive tract tumors, so we chose TSPAN7 to be selected for cellular and molecular level verification. We found that compared with normal cells, the expression of TSPAN7 in liver cancer cells was significantly reduced, while the expression of gastric and colon cancer was not significantly different from that of normal cells. In addition, we also found that the high expression of Tspan7 not only inhibited the proliferation of HCC-LM3 cells, but also inhibited its invasion and metastasis. Conclusions Our study evaluated the expression and function of the TSPANs family in digestive cancers and explored TSPAN7 in hepatoma cells in detail. We found some members of the TSPAN family show significant expression differences between cancer and normal tissues, of which TSPAN7 may be a potential biomarker for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyue Qi
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Hui Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Liwei Shen
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Aiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | | | - Libin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
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20
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El Kharbili M, Cario M, Béchetoille N, Pain C, Boucheix C, Degoul F, Masse I, Berthier-Vergnes O. Tspan8 Drives Melanoma Dermal Invasion by Promoting ProMMP-9 Activation and Basement Membrane Proteolysis in a Keratinocyte-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051297. [PMID: 32455575 PMCID: PMC7281247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with an extremely challenging therapy. The dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) degradation and subsequent dermal invasion are the earliest steps of melanoma dissemination, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We previously identified Tspan8 as a key actor in melanoma invasiveness. Here, we investigated Tspan8 mechanisms of action during dermal invasion, using a validated skin-reconstruct-model that recapitulates melanoma dermal penetration through an authentic DEJ. We demonstrate that Tspan8 is sufficient to induce melanoma cells’ translocation to the dermis. Mechanistically, Tspan8+ melanoma cells cooperate with surrounding keratinocytes within the epidermis to promote keratinocyte-originated proMMP-9 activation process, collagen IV degradation and dermal colonization. This concurs with elevated active MMP-3 and low TIMP-1 levels, known to promote MMP-9 activity. Finally, a specific Tspan8-antibody reduces proMMP-9 activation and dermal invasion. Overall, our results provide new insights into the role of keratinocytes in melanoma dermal colonization through a cooperative mechanism never reported before, and establish for the first time the pro-invasive role of a tetraspanin family member in a cell non-autonomous manner. This work also displays solid arguments for the use of Tspan8-blocking antibodies to impede early melanoma spreading and therefore metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manale El Kharbili
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5534, Université de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France; (M.E.K.); (O.B.-V.)
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Muriel Cario
- National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disease, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, INSERM 1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (C.P.)
- AquiDerm, University Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Catherine Pain
- National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disease, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, INSERM 1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM U935, Université Paris-Sud, F-94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Françoise Degoul
- INSERM U1240, Université Clermont Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France;
| | - Ingrid Masse
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5534, Université de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France; (M.E.K.); (O.B.-V.)
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5286, INSERM U1052, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Odile Berthier-Vergnes
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, CNRS UMR5534, Université de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France; (M.E.K.); (O.B.-V.)
- US7INSERM /UMS3453 UCBL SFR Santé Lyon-Est, F-69372 Lyon, France
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21
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TSPAN8 as a Novel Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cancer for Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030388. [PMID: 32138170 PMCID: PMC7175299 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily that forms TSPAN8-mediated protein complexes by interacting with themselves and other various cellular signaling molecules. These protein complexes help build tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) that efficiently mediate intracellular signal transduction. In physiological conditions, TSPAN8 plays a vital role in the regulation of biological functions, including leukocyte trafficking, angiogenesis and wound repair. Recently, reports have increasingly shown the functional role and clinical relevance of TSPAN8 overexpression in the progression and metastasis of several cancers. In this review, we will highlight the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TSPAN8 in normal and cancer cells. Additionally, we will cover the current status of monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting TSPAN8 and the importance of TSPAN8 as an emerging therapeutic target in cancers for monoclonal antibody therapy.
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Mu W, Provaznik J, Hackert T, Zöller M. Tspan8-Tumor Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Endothelial Cell and Fibroblast Remodeling Relies on the Target Cell-Selective Response. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020319. [PMID: 32013145 PMCID: PMC7072212 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEX) expressing tetraspanin Tspan8-alpha4/beta1 support angiogenesis. Tspan8-alpha6/beta4 facilitates lung premetastatic niche establishment. TEX-promoted target reprogramming is still being disputed, we explored rat endothelial cell (EC) and lung fibroblast (Fb) mRNA and miRNA profile changes after coculture with TEX. TEX were derived from non-metastatic BSp73AS (AS) or metastatic BSp73ASML (ASML) rat tumor lines transfected with Tspan8 (AS-Tspan8) or Tspan8-shRNA (ASML-Tspan8kd). mRNA was analyzed by deep sequencing and miRNA by array analysis of EC and Fb before and after coculture with TEX. EC and Fb responded more vigorously to AS-Tspan8- than AS-TEX. Though EC and Fb responses differed, both cell lines predominantly responded to membrane receptor activation with upregulation and activation of signaling molecules and transcription factors. Minor TEX-initiated changes in the miRNA profile relied, at least partly, on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that also affected chromosome organization and mRNA processing. These analyses uncovered three important points. TEX activate target cell autonomous programs. Responses are initiated by TEX targeting units and are target cell-specific. The strong TEX-promoted lncRNA impact reflects lncRNA shuttling and location-dependent distinct activities. These informations urge for an in depth exploration on the mode of TEX-initiated target cell-specific remodeling including, as a major factor, lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Pancreas Section, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-6384-6590 (W.M.); +49-6221-484-730 (M.Z.)
| | - Jan Provaznik
- EMBL Genomics Core Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Pancreas Section, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Pancreas Section, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-6384-6590 (W.M.); +49-6221-484-730 (M.Z.)
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