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Bhavsar D, Raguraman R, Kim D, Ren X, Munshi A, Moore K, Sikavitsas V, Ramesh R. Exosomes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:113. [PMID: 38796525 PMCID: PMC11127348 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer accounts for more deaths than any other female reproductive tract cancer. The major reasons for the high mortality rates include delayed diagnoses and drug resistance. Hence, improved diagnostic and therapeutic options for ovarian cancer are a pressing need. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), that include exosomes provide hope in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. They are natural lipid nanovesicles secreted by all cell types and carry molecules that reflect the status of the parent cell. This facilitates their potential use as biomarkers for an early diagnosis. Additionally, EVs can be loaded with exogenous cargo, and have features such as high stability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. This makes them ideal for tumor-targeted delivery of biological moieties. The International Society of Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) based on the Minimal Information for Studies on Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) recommends the usage of the term "small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)" that includes exosomes for particles that are 30-200 nm in size. However, majority of the studies reported in the literature and relevant to this review have used the term "exosomes". Therefore, this review will use the term "exosomes" interchangeably with sEVs for consistency with the literature and avoid confusion to the readers. This review, initially summarizes the different isolation and detection techniques developed to study ovarian cancer-derived exosomes and the potential use of these exosomes as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of this devastating disease. It addresses the role of exosome contents in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, discusses strategies to limit exosome-mediated ovarian cancer progression, and provides options to use exosomes for tumor-targeted therapy in ovarian cancer. Finally, it states future research directions and recommends essential research needed to successfully transition exosomes from the laboratory to the gynecologic-oncology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Bhavsar
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N, Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1110 N, Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vassilios Sikavitsas
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, Oklahoma University, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 NE, 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Meng Q, Zheng W, Jiao R, Cui R, Deng Y, Liu R, Wang J, Bai H. MicroRNA 421 induces the formation of high-invasive cell subsets of ovarian cancer from low-invasive cell subsets mediated by exosomes by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2643-2660. [PMID: 38859864 PMCID: PMC11162662 DOI: 10.62347/uhey7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) results in treatment failure in ovarian cancer (OC). Exosomes are related to the formation of a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, and microRNAs play a crucial role in the progression of OC. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of exosomes and microRNA 421 (miR-421), which is mediated by exosomes, on ITH and the diagnosis of OC. Exosomes derived from A2780 cells with the highest (AHC) or lowest (ALC) invasive/migratory capacity cells (AHE/ALE) were extracted by differential centrifugation. We conducted a series of experiments to verify the role of AHE and miR-421 in promoting the transformation of low-invasive cells to high-invasive cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, and we also measured the levels of CA125 in serum exosomes. The results of assays showed that the AHE and miR-421, mediated by exosomes, significantly increased the malignancy of ALC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. The expression of miR-421 was significantly increased in the serum exosomes derived from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients. Our findings indicate that MiR-421, mediated by exosomes, could induce the transformation of highly invasive cell subpopulations from subpopulations of OC cells with low invasive potential by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Meng
- Department of Gynecology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
- Department of Diagnostics of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ruili Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yunhan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ruizhen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- Department of Gynecology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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3
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Zhu K, Ma J, Tian Y, Liu Q, Zhang J. An immune-related exosome signature predicts the prognosis and immunotherapy response in ovarian cancer. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38238671 PMCID: PMC10795461 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-derived exosomes contribute significantly in intracellular communication, particularly during tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to identify two immune-related ovarian cancer-derived exosomes (IOCEs) subgroups in ovarian cancer (OC) and establish a prognostic model for OC patients based on immune-related IOCEs. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to obtain RNA-seq data, as well as clinical and prognostic information. Consensus clustering analysis was performed to identify two IOCEs-associated subgroups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the overall survival (OS) between IOCEs-high and IOCEs-low subtype. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted to investigate the mechanisms and biological effects of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two subtypes. Besides, an IOCE-related prognostic model of OC was constructed by Lasso regression analysis, and the signature was validated using GSE140082 as the validation set. RESULTS In total, we obtained 21 differentially expressed IOCEs in OC, and identified two IOCE-associated subgroups by consensus clustering. IOCE-low subgroup showed a favorable prognosis while IOCE-high subgroup had a higher level of immune cell infiltration and immune response. GSEA showed that pathways in cancer and immune response were mainly enriched in IOCE-high subgroup. Thus, IOCE-high subgroup may benefit more in immunotherapy treatment. In addition, we constructed a risk model based on nine IOCE-associated genes (CLDN4, AKT2, CSPG5, ALDOC, LTA4H, PSMA2, PSMA5, TCIRG1, ANO6). CONCLUSION We developed a novel stratification system for OV based on IOCE signature, which could be used to estimate the prognosis as well as immunotherapy for OC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, No.3, East Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Tian
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, No.3, East Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.1, Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Pirouzpanah MB, Babaie S, Pourzeinali S, Valizadeh H, Malekeh S, Şahin F, Farshbaf-Khalili A. Harnessing tumor-derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38205673 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of men's death worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapy for localized prostate cancer have improved, the majority of men with metastatic disease die from prostate cancer annually. Therefore, identification of the cellular-molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome-based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourzeinali
- Amiralmomenin Hospital of Charoimagh, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Valizadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Malekeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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5
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Dzhugashvili E, Tamkovich S. Exosomal Cargo in Ovarian Cancer Dissemination. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9851-9867. [PMID: 38132461 PMCID: PMC10742327 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among all gynecologic cancers and is characterized by early peritoneal spread. The growth and development of OC are associated with the formation of ascitic fluid, creating a unique tumor microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression is crucial in identifying new diagnostic biomarkers and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Exosomes, lipid bilayer vesicles measuring 30-150 nm in size, are known to establish a crucial link between malignant cells and their microenvironment. Additionally, the confirmed involvement of exosomes in carcinogenesis enables them to mediate the invasion, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Functionally active non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circRNAs), proteins, and lipid rafts transported within exosomes can activate numerous signaling pathways and modify gene expression. This review aims to expand our understanding of the role of exosomes and their contents in OC carcinogenesis processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, tumor cell proliferation, and peritoneal spread. It also discusses the potential for utilizing exosomal cargo to develop novel "liquid biopsy" biomarkers for early OC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dzhugashvili
- V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Tamkovich
- V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Mukherjee S, Nag S, Mukerjee N, Maitra S, Muthusamy R, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Adhikari MD, Anand K, Thorat N, Subramaniyan V, Gorai S. Unlocking Exosome-Based Theragnostic Signatures: Deciphering Secrets of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36614-36627. [PMID: 37841156 PMCID: PMC10568589 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, the lack of early detection methods translates into a substantial cohort of women grappling with the pressing health crisis. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) (their major subpopulation exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) has provided new insights into the understanding of cancer. Exosomes, a subpopulation of EVs, play a crucial role in cellular communication and reflect the cellular status under both healthy and pathological conditions. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) dynamically influence ovarian cancer progression by regulating uncontrolled cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of drug and therapeutic resistance. In the field of OC diagnostics, TEXs offer potential biomarkers in various body fluids. On the other hand, exosomes have also shown promising abilities to cure ovarian cancer. In this review, we address the interlink between exosomes and ovarian cancer and explore their theragnostic signature. Finally, we highlight future directions of exosome-based ovarian cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre
for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department
of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department
of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, West Bengal 700126, Kolkata, India
- Department
of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community
Educational Foundation, New South
Wales, Australia
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Department
of Microbiology, Adamas University, West Bengal 700126, Kolkata, India
| | - Raman Muthusamy
- Department
of Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Manab Deb Adhikari
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal
Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department
of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Nanasaheb Thorat
- Limerick
Digital Cancer Research Centre and Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy Co. Limerick, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey
Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center
for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha
Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical
and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Rush
University Medical Center, 1620 West Harrison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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7
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Liu Y, Li X, Zhang T, Liu G. The Roles of Exosomes in Ovarian Cancer Chemo-resistance. J Cancer 2023; 14:2128-2144. [PMID: 37497408 PMCID: PMC10367924 DOI: 10.7150/jca.84930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As common gynecological oncology, ovarian cancer has a high fatality rate and poor overall survival, mainly because of nonspecific symptoms in the early stages and chemotherapy resistance. Exosomes, nano-sized vesicles secreted by almost all types of cells, carry valuable commodities such as proteins, lipids, enzymes, mRNAs, and miRNAs between cells. They take part in remodeling the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and regulating immune metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. Previous studies have reported that exosomes could transfer chemotherapy resistance from drug-resistant tumor cells to sensitive ones by delivering proteins and miRNAs. Also, exosomes are involved in chemotherapy resistance by transferring multidrug-resistance-related transporters, decreasing apoptosis, promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and changing signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, they play a significant role in early detection, chemotherapy efficacy evaluation, and treatment of ovarian cancer. Exosomes are applied as chemotherapeutic delivery vehicles and therapeutic targets to inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, exosomes can be developed for cancer immunotherapy because of their immunomodulatory potential. Therefore, the article reviews the latest research progress of exosomes in ovarian cancer to elaborate on the mechanisms of exosome-mediated chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer patients and provide a forecast on their clinical therapeutic potential in improving chemotherapy sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
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8
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El-Arabey AA, Alkhalil SS, Al-Shouli ST, Awadalla ME, Alhamdi HW, Almanaa TN, Mohamed SSEM, Abdalla M. Revisiting macrophages in ovarian cancer microenvironment: development, function and interaction. Med Oncol 2023; 40:142. [PMID: 37039909 PMCID: PMC10090027 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and have been linked to immunosuppression and poor prognosis. TAMs have been shown to be harmful in ovarian cancer (OC), with a positive correlation between their high levels of tumors and poor overall patient survival. These cells are crucial in the progression and chemoresistance of OC. The primary pro-tumoral role of TAMs is the release of cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, and exosomes that directly enhance the invasion potential and chemoresistance of OC by activating their pro-survival signalling pathways. TAMs play a crucial role in the metastasis of OC in the peritoneum and ascities by assisting in spheroid formation and cancer cell adhesion to the metastatic regions. Furthermore, TAMs interact with tumor protein p53 (TP53), exosomes, and other immune cells, such as stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to support the progression and metastasis of OC. In this review we revisit development, functions and interactions of TAMs in the TME of OC patients to highlight and shed light on challenges and excitement down the road.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751 Egypt
| | - Samia S. Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia T. Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Heba W. Alhamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Saif Eldin M. Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory science, College of Applied Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022 Shandong China
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9
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Wang M, Fu L, Xu Y, Ma S, Zhang X, Zheng L. A comprehensive overview of exosome lncRNAs: Emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutics in gynecological cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1138142. [PMID: 37007117 PMCID: PMC10063919 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1138142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer are common gynecologic malignancies, and their incidence is increasing year after year, with a younger patient population at risk. An exosome is a tiny “teacup-like” blister that can be secreted by most cells, is highly concentrated and easily enriched in body fluids, and contains a large number of lncRNAs carrying some biological and genetic information that can be stable for a long time and is not affected by ribonuclease catalytic activity. As a cell communication tool, exosome lncRNA has the advantages of high efficiency and high targeting. Changes in serum exosome lncRNA expression in cancer patients can accurately reflect the malignant biological behavior of cancer cells. Exosome lncRNA has been shown in studies to have broad application prospects in cancer diagnosis, monitoring cancer recurrence or progression, cancer treatment, and prognosis. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for clinical research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecologic malignant tumors by reviewing the role of exosome lncRNA in gynecologic cancers and related molecular mechanisms.
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Zhou W, Ma J, Zhao H, Wang Q, Guo X, Chen L, Cao Z, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhou X. Serum exosomes from epithelial ovarian cancer patients contain LRP1, which promotes the migration of epithelial ovarian cancer cell. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100520. [PMID: 36842607 PMCID: PMC10113894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a gynecological tumor with extremely high mortality and poor prognosis. Exosomes derived from tumor cells contain abundant proteins that may influence tumor metastasis. The purpose of our study was to explore the proteomic profile of serum exosomes from Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients and to find potential diagnostic markers for EOC. We obtained purified exosomes from serum using ultracentrifugation. Migration assay was used to evaluate the effects of exosomes on the migration of EOC cells. Proteomic profile of serum exosomes was analyzed by Liquid chromatogram-tande mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The level of LRP1 in serum and serum exosomes were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were used to determine the level of LRP1 in tissues. Moreover, we performed small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of LRP1 in EOC cells to obtain SI-LRP1-Exos and SI-NC-Exos. The detailed mechanisms by which exosomal LRP1 affected the migration of EOC cells in vitro and in vivo were also explored. We found that serum exosomes from EOC patients contributed to the migration of EOC cells. The level of serum exosomal LRP1 of EOC patients was significantly upregulated compared with that of healthy volunteers, which was consistent with the result of ELISA. We found that exosomal LRP1 regulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 through ERK signaling pathway and affected the migration of EOC cells in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we propose that exosomal LRP1 contributes to the migration of EOC and may act as an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Jiachen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Han Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Linna Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Zhonghui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004.
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. 221004.
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11
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Gong X, Chi H, Strohmer DF, Teichmann AT, Xia Z, Wang Q. Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1089410. [PMID: 36741380 PMCID: PMC9889675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with a very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatments for ovarian cancer, with unsatisfactory results. Exosomes are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, which have a diameter of approximately 30-100 nm and are secreted by many different types of cells in various body fluids. Exosomes are highly stable and are effective carriers of immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are involved in various cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment, influencing the development and therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer, and exhibiting dual roles in inhibiting and promoting tumor development. Exosomes also contain a variety of genes related to ovarian cancer immunotherapy that could be potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Undoubtedly, exosomes have great therapeutic potential in the field of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. However, translation of this idea to the clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it is important to understand how exosomes could be used in ovarian cancer immunotherapy to regulate tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers of exosomes in different body fluids related to immunotherapy in ovarian cancer and the potential mechanisms by which exosomes influence immunotherapeutic response. We also discuss the prospects for clinical application of exosome-based immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dorothee Franziska Strohmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
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12
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Yue J, Chen ZS, Xu XX, Li S. Functions and therapeutic potentials of exosomes in osteosarcoma. ACTA MATERIA MEDICA 2022; 1:552-562. [PMID: 36710945 PMCID: PMC9879305 DOI: 10.15212/amm-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor of the skeleton with the morbidity of 2.5 in 1 million. The regularly on-set is in the epiphysis of the extremities with a high possibility of early metastasis, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. The survival rate of patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcoma remains low, and novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods are urgently needed. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles 30-150 nm in diameter secreted by various cells that are widely present in various body fluids. Exosomes are abundant in biologically active components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Exosomes participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes via intercellular substance exchange and signaling. This review presents the novel findings of exosomes in osteosarcoma in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, PR China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY,United States
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, PR China
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13
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Gandham SK, Attarwala HZ, Amiji MM. Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA Delivery and Propagation in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4067-4079. [PMID: 36226722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated microRNA transfer and propagation from the donor cell to the recipient cell in the tumor microenvironment have significant implications, including the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Although miRNA-encapsulated EV have been shown to have functional effects on recipient cells, the quantitative aspects of transfer kinetics and functional effects remain poorly understood. Intracellular events such as degradation of miRNA, loading of miRNA into EVs, cellular release of EVs, and their uptake by recipient cells govern the transfer and functional effect of encapsulated miRNA. Based on these rate-limiting steps, we developed a mathematical model using ordinary differential equations (model 1). We performed coculture experiments using ID8-VEGF ovarian cancer cells to demonstrate EV-mediated propagation of tumor suppressor miRNA Let7b administered with hyaluronic acid-poly(ethyleneimine) (HA-PEI) nanoparticles. Using the experimental data and model fitting, we determined the rate constants for the kinetic events involved in the transfer from the donor cells to the recipient cells. In model 2, we performed Let7b transfection experiments in ID8-VEGF cells with HA-PEI nanoparticles to determine the concentration-effect relationship on HMGA2 mRNA levels. Lastly, in model 3, we combined model 1 and model 2 parameters to describe the kinetics and effect relationship of EV-Let7b in recipient cells to predict the minimum number of miRNA copies needed to show functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srujan K Gandham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Husain Z Attarwala
- Moderna Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United State
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United State
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14
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Gao X, Gao B, Li S. Extracellular vesicles: A new diagnostic biomarker and targeted drug in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002742. [PMID: 36211364 PMCID: PMC9539319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer that is highly prevalent among adolescents and adults below the age of 20 years. The prognostic outcome of metastatic OS or relapse is extremely poor; thus, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating OS is necessary. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30–150 nm in diameter are commonly produced in different cells and are found in various types of body fluids. EVs are rich in biologically active components like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They also strongly affect pathophysiological processes by modulating the intercellular signaling pathways and the exchange of biomolecules. Many studies have found that EVs influence the occurrence, development, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The regulation of inflammatory communication pathways by EVs affects OS and other bone-related pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings related to diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the development of treatment strategies for OS from the perspective of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Li, ;
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15
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Gulati R, Nandi D, Sarkar K, Venkataraman P, Ramkumar KM, Ranjan P, Janardhanan R. Exosomes as Theranostic Targets: Implications for the Clinical Prognosis of Aggressive Cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:890768. [PMID: 35813829 PMCID: PMC9260243 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.890768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles produced by various cell types and extensively distributed in physiological fluids. Because of their significant role in cancer progression, they have been a focal point for the novel cancer therapy approach. Exosomes are highly efficient at transporting proteins, RNAs, and small drugs into cancer cells for therapeutic purposes. In addition to their prominent role as potential biomarkers for transporting targeted information from their progenitor cells, exosomes have also emerged as a new avenue for developing more effective clinical diagnostics and therapeutic techniques, also known as exosome theranostics. Lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids transported by exosomes were investigated as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and future cancer treatment targets. The unique mechanism of exosomes and their therapeutic as well as diagnostic uses, also known as theranostic applications of exosomes in malignancies, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gulati
- Department of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Dhruva Nandi
- Department of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - P. Venkataraman
- Department of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - K. M. Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Bhubaneswar Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Rajiv Janardhanan
- Department of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
- *Correspondence: Rajiv Janardhanan,
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ALCAM/CD166 Is Involved in the Binding and Uptake of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105753. [PMID: 35628559 PMCID: PMC9143639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and ovarian cancer (OvC) patients frequently develop peritoneal metastasis, a condition associated with a very poor prognosis. In these cancers, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) cause immunosuppression, facilitate the direct attachment and invasion of cancer cells through the mesothelium, induce the conversion of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and transfer a more aggressive phenotype amongst cancer cells. Although the promoting role of EVs in CRC and OvC peritoneal metastasis is well established, the specific molecules that mediate the interactions between tumor-derived EVs and immune and non-immune target cells remain elusive. Here, we employed the SKOV-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma) and Colo-320 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) human cell lines as model systems to study the interactions and uptake of EVs produced by ovarian carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma cells, respectively. We established that the adhesion molecule ALCAM/CD166 is involved in the interaction of cancer-derived EVs with recipient cancer cells (a process termed “EV binding” or “EV docking”) and in their subsequent uptake by these cells. The identification of ALCAM/CD166 as a molecule mediating the docking and uptake of CRC and OvC-derived EVs may be potentially exploited to block the peritoneal metastasis cascade promoted by EVs in CRC and OvC patients.
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17
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Borzdziłowska P, Bednarek I. The Effect of α-Mangostin and Cisplatin on Ovarian Cancer Cells and the Microenvironment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051116. [PMID: 35625852 PMCID: PMC9138353 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the cancers that, unfortunately, is detected at a late stage of development. The current use of treatment has many side effects. Notably, up to 20% of patients show cisplatin resistance. We assess the effects of cisplatin and/or α-mangostin, a natural plant derivative, on ovarian cancer cells and on the cancer cell microenvironment. The effect of cisplatin and/or α-mangostin on the following cells of ovarian cancer lines: A2780, TOV-21G, and SKOV-3 was verified using the XTT cytotoxicity assay. The separate and combined effects of tested drugs on ovarian cancer cell viability were assessed. We assessed the influence of chemotherapeutic agents on the possibility of modulating the microenvironment. For this purpose, we isolated exosomes from drug-treated and untreated ovarian cancer cells. We estimated the differences in the amounts of exosomes released from cancer cells (NTA technique). We also examined the effects of isolated exosome fractions on normal human cells (NHDF human fibroblast line). In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of A2780, SKOV-3, and TOV-21G cells with α-mangostin in combination with cisplatin can allow a reduction in cisplatin concentration while maintaining the same cytotoxic effect. Ovarian cancer cells release a variable number of exosomes into the microenvironment when exposed to α-mangostin and/or cisplatin. However, it is important to note that the cargo carried by exosomes released from drug-treated cells may be significantly different.
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Soroczynska K, Zareba L, Dlugolecka M, Czystowska-Kuzmicz M. Immunosuppressive Extracellular Vesicles as a Linking Factor in the Development of Tumor and Endometriotic Lesions in the Gynecologic Tract. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091483. [PMID: 35563789 PMCID: PMC9105295 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both gynecological tumors and endometriosis require for their development a favorable environment, termed in the case of tumors a "pre-metastatic niche" and in case of endometriosis a "pro-endometriotic niche". This is characterized by chronic inflammation and immunosuppression that support the further progression of initial lesions. This microenvironment is established and shaped in the course of a vivid cross-talk between the tumor or endometrial cells with other stromal, endothelial and immune cells. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in this cellular communication, mediating both in tumors and endometriosis similar immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the latest findings about EVs as immunosuppressive factors, highlighting the parallels between gynecological tumors and endometriosis. Furthermore, we outline their role as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers as well as their future in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Soroczynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Zareba
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dlugolecka
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czystowska-Kuzmicz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Understanding the Correlation between Metabolic Regulator SIRT1 and Exosomes with CA-125 in Ovarian Cancer: A Clinicopathological Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5346091. [PMID: 35496046 PMCID: PMC9053760 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5346091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OvCa), the deadliest gynaecological malignancy, is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Ovarian cancer has been related with CA-125 and metabolic reprogramming by SIRT1 leading to metastasis with the involvement of exosomes. Methods Clinicopathological data of OvCa patients were collected to perform the analysis. Patients' samples were collected during surgery for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis of SIRT1, HIF-1α, exosomal markers (CD81 and CD63), ki-67, and PAS staining for glycogen deposition. Adjacent normal and tumor tissues were collected as per the CA-125 levels. Results CA-125, a vital diagnostic marker, has shown significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0153), tumor type (P = 0.0029), ascites level, ascites malignancy, degree of dissemination, tumor differentiation, FIGO stage, TNM stage, laterality, and tumor size at P < 0.0001. Since significant correlation was associated with BMI and degree of dissemination, as disclosed by IHC analysis, metabolic marker SIRT1 (P = 0.0003), HIF-1α (P < 0.0001), exosomal marker CD81 (P < 0.0001), ki-67 status (P = 0.0034), and glycogen deposition (P <0.0001) were expressed more in tumor tissues as compared to the normal ones. ROC analysis of CA-125 had shown 327.7 U/ml has the best cutoff point with 82.4% sensitivity and specificity of 52.3%. In addition, Kaplan-Meier plots of CA-125 (P < 0.0001), BMI (P = 0.001), degree of dissemination (P < 0.0001), and ascites level (P <0.0001) reflected significant correlation with overall survival (OS). Upon multivariate Cox-regression analysis for overall survival (OS), BMI (P = 0.008, HR 1.759, 95% CI 1.156-2.677), ascites malignancy (P = 0.032, HR 0.336, 95% CI 0.124-0.911), and degree of dissemination (P = 0.004, HR 1.994, 95% CI 1.251-3.178) were significant proving to be independent indicators of the disease. Conclusion Clinicopathological parameters like BMI, degree of dissemination, and ascites level along with CA-125 can be prognostic factors for the disease. Levels of CA-125 can depict the metabolic and metastatic factors. Thus, by targeting SIRT1 and assessing exosomal concentrations to overcome metastasis and glycogen deposition, individualized treatment strategy could be designed. In-depth studies are still required.
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20
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Ye M, Wang J, Pan S, Zheng L, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes of different origins as potential biomarkers for gynecologic cancers. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:101-113. [PMID: 35024437 PMCID: PMC8718571 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lihong Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Corresponding author Zhi-Wei Wang, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Corresponding author Xueqiong Zhu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Romanò S, Di Giacinto F, Primiano A, Gervasoni J, Mazzini A, Papi M, Urbani A, Serafino A, De Spirito M, Krasnowska EK, Ciasca G. Label-free spectroscopic characterization of exosomes reveals cancer cell differentiation. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Understanding the Role and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Gynecologic Malignancies: A Review of the Current Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010158. [PMID: 35008322 PMCID: PMC8750967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gynecologic malignancies are those that affect the female reproductive organs, including the ovary, uterus, and cervix. Gynecologic malignancies as a group vary significantly in initial clinical presentation, degree and pattern of spread, and treatment modalities. Our knowledge of the role exosomes play in cancer growth and spread is expanding rapidly. The promise these nanovesicles hold in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics is undeniable, and may be the key to improving the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers. This paper serves to review laboratory techniques utilized in isolating and studying exosomes, the current state of understanding of exosomes in gynecologic malignancies, and the potential for clinical applications that exosomes may hold. Abstract Background: Gynecologic malignancies are those which arise in the female reproductive organs of the ovaries, cervix, and uterus. They carry a great deal of morbidity and mortality for patients, largely due to challenges in diagnosis and treatment of these cancers. Although advances in technology and understanding of these diseases have greatly improved diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately survival for patients with gynecologic malignancies over the last few decades, there is still room for improvements in diagnosis and treatment, for which exosomes may be the key. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding gynecologic tumor derived-exosomal genetic material and proteins, their role in cancer progression, and their potential for advancing the clinical care of patients with gynecologic cancers through novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Literature Review: Ovarian tumor derived exosome specific proteins are reviewed in detail, discussing their role in ovarian cancer metastasis. The key microRNAs in cervical cancer and their implications in future clinical use are discussed. Additionally, uterine cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-derived exosomes which may promote endometrial cancer cell migration and invasion through a specific miR-148b are reviewed. The various laboratory techniques and commercial kits for the isolation of exosomes to allow for their clinical utilization are described as well. Conclusion: Exosomes may be the key to solving many unanswered questions, and closing the gaps so as to improve the outcomes of patients with gynecologic cancers around the world. The potential utilization of the current knowledge of exosomes, as they relate to gynecologic cancers, to advance the field and bridge the gaps in diagnostics and therapeutics highlight the promising future of exosomes in gynecologic malignancies.
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The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212204. [PMID: 34830085 PMCID: PMC8622108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.
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Pascual-Antón L, Cardeñes B, Sainz de la Cuesta R, González-Cortijo L, López-Cabrera M, Cabañas C, Sandoval P. Mesothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Exosomes in Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111496. [PMID: 34768926 PMCID: PMC8584135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with ovarian cancer (OvCA) present peritoneal disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor and disseminate through the intraperitoneal fluid. The peritoneal mesothelial cell (PMC) monolayer that lines the abdominal cavity is the first barrier encountered by OvCA cells. Subsequent progression of tumors through the peritoneum leads to the accumulation into the peritoneal stroma of a sizeable population of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which is mainly originated from a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) process. A common characteristic of OvCA patients is the intraperitoneal accumulation of ascitic fluid, which is composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, miRNAs, and proteins contained in exosomes, as well as tumor and mesothelial suspended cells, among other components that vary in proportion between patients. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that have been shown to mediate peritoneal metastasis by educating a pre-metastatic niche, promoting the accumulation of CAFs via MMT, and inducing tumor growth and chemoresistance. This review summarizes and discusses the pivotal role of exosomes and MMT as mediators of OvCA peritoneal colonization and as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | | | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Inflammatory and Immune Disorders Area, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-91-196-4513 (C.C.); +34-91-196-4707 (P.S.)
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis Program, Cell-Cell Communication and Inflammation Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (UAM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.P.-A.); (B.C.); (M.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-91-196-4513 (C.C.); +34-91-196-4707 (P.S.)
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Exosome long non-coding RNA SOX2-OT contributes to ovarian cancer malignant progression by miR-181b-5p/SCD1 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23726-23738. [PMID: 34690112 PMCID: PMC8580347 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecologic cancer with increased mortality and morbidity. Exosome-delivered long non-coding RNAs have been well found in cancer development. However, the function of exosomal SOX2-OT in ovarian cancer development is still unreported. In the present study, we were interested in the investigation of the effect of exosomal SOX2-OT during ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Significantly, we revealed that the SOX2-OT expression levels were up-regulated in the ovarian cancer patients' plasma exosomes. The depletion of exosomal SOX2-OT inhibited migration, invasion, and proliferation and induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. In mechanical exploration, SOX2-OT could sponge miR-181b-5p, and miR-181b-5p was able to target SCD1 in the ovarian cancer cells. The SCD1 overexpression and miR-181b-5p inhibitor could reverse exosomal SOX2-OT-mediated ovarian cancer progression. Functionally, the depletion of exosomal SOX2-OT significantly reduced tumor growth of ovarian cancer cells in vivo. In summary, we concluded that exosomal SOX2-OT enhanced ovarian cancer malignant phenotypes by miR-181b-5p/SCD1 axis. Our finding presents novel insights into the mechanism by which exosomal lncRNA SOX2-OT promotes ovarian cancer progression. SOX2-OT, miR-181b-5p, and SCD1 may serve as potential targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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The Role and Clinical Interest of Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy and Ovarian Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091257. [PMID: 34572444 PMCID: PMC8464910 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer and pregnancy are two states in which the host immune system is exposed to novel antigens. Indeed, both the tumor and placenta must invade tissues, remodel vasculature to establish a robust blood supply, and evade detection by the immune system. Interestingly, tumor and placenta tissue use similar mechanisms to induce these necessary changes. One mediator is emerging as a key player in invasion, vascular remodeling, and immune evasion: extracellular vesicles (EVs). Many studies have identified EVs as a key mediator of cell-to-cell communication. Specifically, the cargo carried by EVs, which includes proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, can interact with cells to induce changes in the target cell ranging from gene expression to migration and metabolism. EVs can promote cell division and tissue invasion, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis which are essential for both cancer and pregnancy. In this review, we examine the role of EVs in ovarian cancer metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune modulation. We then focus on the role of EVs in pregnancy with special attention on the vascular remodeling and regulation of the maternal immune system. Lastly, we discuss the clinical utility of EVs as markers and therapeutics for ovarian cancer and pre-eclampsia.
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Cardeñes B, Clares I, Toribio V, Pascual L, López-Martín S, Torres-Gomez A, Sainz de la Cuesta R, Lafuente EM, López-Cabrera M, Yáñez-Mó M, Cabañas C. Cellular Integrin α5β1 and Exosomal ADAM17 Mediate the Binding and Uptake of Exosomes Produced by Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189938. [PMID: 34576100 PMCID: PMC8471098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop peritoneal metastasis, a condition associated with a bleak prognosis. The CRC peritoneal dissemination cascade involves the shedding of cancer cells from the primary tumor, their transport through the peritoneal cavity, their adhesion to the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) that line all peritoneal organs, and invasion of cancer cells through this mesothelial cell barrier and underlying stroma to establish new metastatic foci. Exosomes produced by cancer cells have been shown to influence many processes related to cancer progression and metastasis. In epithelial ovarian cancer these extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to favor different steps of the peritoneal dissemination cascade by changing the functional phenotype of cancer cells and PMCs. Little is currently known, however, about the roles played by exosomes in the pathogenesis and peritoneal metastasis cascade of CRC and especially about the molecules that mediate their interaction and uptake by target PMCs and tumor cells. We isolated exosomes by size−exclusion chromatography from CRC cells and performed cell-adhesion assays to immobilized exosomes in the presence of blocking antibodies against surface proteins and measured the uptake of fluorescently-labelled exosomes. We report here that the interaction between integrin α5β1 on CRC cells (and PMCs) and its ligand ADAM17 on exosomes mediated the binding and uptake of CRC-derived exosomes. Furthermore, this process was negatively regulated by the expression of tetraspanin CD9 on exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cardeñes
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - Irene Clares
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - Víctor Toribio
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pascual
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - Soraya López-Martín
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-G.); (E.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sainz de la Cuesta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Esther M. Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-G.); (E.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.); (I.C.); (V.T.); (L.P.); (S.L.-M.); (M.L.-C.); (M.Y.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-G.); (E.M.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-911964513
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Rickard BP, Conrad C, Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Reader JC, Huang SA, Franco W, Scarcelli G, Polacheck WJ, Roque DM, del Carmen MG, Huang HC, Demirci U, Rizvi I. Malignant Ascites in Ovarian Cancer: Cellular, Acellular, and Biophysical Determinants of Molecular Characteristics and Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4318. [PMID: 34503128 PMCID: PMC8430600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascites refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum resulting from an underlying pathology, such as metastatic cancer. Among all cancers, advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is most frequently associated with the production of malignant ascites and is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Despite decades of evidence showing that the accumulation of peritoneal fluid portends the poorest outcomes for cancer patients, the role of malignant ascites in promoting metastasis and therapy resistance remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the current understanding of malignant ascites, with a focus on ovarian cancer. The first section provides an overview of heterogeneity in ovarian cancer and the pathophysiology of malignant ascites. Next, analytical methods used to characterize the cellular and acellular components of malignant ascites, as well the role of these components in modulating cell biology, are discussed. The review then provides a perspective on the pressures and forces that tumors are subjected to in the presence of malignant ascites and the impact of physical stress on therapy resistance. Treatment options for malignant ascites, including surgical, pharmacological and photochemical interventions are then discussed to highlight challenges and opportunities at the interface of drug discovery, device development and physical sciences in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Christina Conrad
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Jocelyn C. Reader
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.C.R.); (D.M.R.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marcela G. del Carmen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (C.C.); (A.J.S.); (G.S.); (H.-C.H.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27599, USA; (M.K.R.); (S.A.H.); (W.J.P.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Storti G, Scioli MG, Kim BS, Terriaca S, Fiorelli E, Orlandi A, Cervelli V. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Adipose Tissue and Extracellular Vesicles in Ovarian Cancer Patients: A Bridge toward Metastatic Diffusion or a New Therapeutic Opportunity? Cells 2021; 10:cells10082117. [PMID: 34440886 PMCID: PMC8392703 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies among women. Approximately 75% of the patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with advanced disease that already has metastasis, particularly to the omentum. The omentum constitutes the ideal soil for ovarian cancer metastasis due to a complex intraperitoneal milieu that favors and supports the whole metastatic process. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) are part of this microenvironment and foster tumor progression via sustained paracrine secretion, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Nonetheless, the preferential relationship between ADSCs, ADSC-derived EVs, and ovarian cancer cells could be exploited to use ADSCs and EVs as a vehicle for anti-cancer therapies. This review will analyze the strict relations between tumor progression, metastatic disease, and adipose tissue with its staminal components. In addition, we will describe the crosstalk and biologic relationship between ADSCs and tumor cells, the role of EVs in intercellular communication, the establishment of drug resistance, metastatic capacity, and ovarian cancer progression. We will analyze the new therapeutic opportunities in treating ovarian cancer offered by ADSCs and EVs as a vehicle for therapeutic molecules to target precisely tumor cells and limit the systemic adverse effects. Finally, we will discuss the limitations of these therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Storti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-23188514; Fax: +39-06-23188466
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Sonia Terriaca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Elena Fiorelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Institute, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (S.T.); (E.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Valerio Cervelli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Passi A, Götte M, Rousselle P, Vlodavsky I. Extracellular matrix-based cancer targeting. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:1000-1013. [PMID: 34389240 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) operates in a coordinated mode with cancer and stroma cells to evoke the multistep process of metastatic potential. The remodeled tumor-associated matrix provides a point for direct or complementary therapeutic targeting. Here, we cover and critically address the importance of ECM networks and their macromolecules in cancer. We focus on the roles of key structural and functional ECM components, and their degradation enzymes and extracellular vesicles, aiming at improving our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to tumor initiation, growth, and dissemination, and discuss potential new approaches for ECM-based therapeutic targeting and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece.
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS-Université Lyon 1, SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 Passage du Vercors, Lyon, France
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Al-Dossary AA, Tawfik EA, Isichei AC, Sun X, Li J, Alshehri AA, Alomari M, Almughem FA, Aldossary AM, Sabit H, Almalik AM. Engineered EV-Mimetic Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Delivery Vehicles for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123075. [PMID: 34203051 PMCID: PMC8234974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, we begin with the role of natural extracellular vesicles (EVs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Then, we narrow our focus on the advantages of using EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of the clinical translation of engineering EV mimetic drug delivery systems and the promising directions of further development. Abstract High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women. Several obstacles impede the early diagnosis and effective treatment options for ovarian cancer (OC) patients, which most importantly include the development of platinum-drug-resistant strains. Currently, extensive efforts are being put into the development of strategies capable of effectively circumventing the physical and biological barriers present in the peritoneal cavity of metastatic OC patients, representing a late stage of gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer with an extremely poor prognosis. Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to play a pivotal role in progression of OC and are now being harnessed as a delivery vehicle for cancer chemotherapeutics. However, there are limitations to their clinical application due to current challenges in their preparation techniques. Intriguingly, there is a recent drive towards the use of engineered synthetic EVs for the delivery of chemotherapeutics and RNA interference therapy (RNAi), as they show the promise of overcoming the obstacles in the treatment of OC patients. This review discusses the therapeutic application of EVs in OC and elucidates the potential use of engineered EV-mimetic nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle for RNAi therapy and other chemotherapeutics, which would potentially improve clinical outcomes of OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Al-Dossary
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-333-31137
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Adaugo C. Isichei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Munther Alomari
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz M. Almalik
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (E.A.T.); (A.A.A.); (F.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
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Misawa T, Toyoshima M, Kitatani K, Ishibashi M, Hasegawa-Minato J, Shigeta S, Yaegashi N. Involvement of small extracellular vesicle-derived TIE-1 in the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100364. [PMID: 33812182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the tumor's acquisition of chemoresistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. To solve this problem, we conducted RNAi-based large-scale screening and determined that tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 (TIE-1) is a key molecule involved in the platinum resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Recently, a variety of studies have investigated that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to the communication between cancer cells, including the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The purpose of our study is to determine if sEVs-derived TIE-1 is involved in the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS TIE-1-overexpressed TOV112D cells, termed TOV112DTIE-1 cells, were established, and sEVs were isolated from TOV112DTIE-1 cells supernatants by ultracentrifugation. We assessed cisplatin sensitivity in recipient cells with TOV112DTIE-1-derived sEVs by cell-Titer Glo kit. We also asked whether sEV-derived TIE-1 suppressed the DNA damage response in recipient cells and evaluated the DNA damage response by counting cells positive for DNA damage foci. RESULTS TIE-1 was contained within sEVTIE-1 derived from the cellular supernatant of TOV112DTIE-1. We showed that sEV-derived TIE-1 decreased chemosensitivity to cisplatin by suppressing the DNA damage response in recipient cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that sEV-derived TIE-1 could be a new therapeutic target for refractory ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Misawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Toyoshima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masumi Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Hasegawa-Minato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shogo Shigeta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Cummings M, Freer C, Orsi NM. Targeting the tumour microenvironment in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:3-28. [PMID: 33607246 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer typically presents at an advanced stage, and although the majority of cases initially respond well to platinum-based therapies, chemoresistance almost always occurs leading to a poor long-term prognosis. While various cellular autonomous mechanisms contribute to intrinsic or acquired platinum resistance, the tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in resistance to therapy and disease progression by providing cancer stem cell niches, promoting tumour cell metabolic reprogramming, reducing chemotherapy drug perfusion and promoting an immunosuppressive environment. As such, the TME is an attractive therapeutic target which has been the focus of intense research in recent years. This review provides an overview of the unique ovarian cancer TME and its role in disease progression and therapy resistance, highlighting some of the latest preclinical and clinical data on TME-targeted therapies. In particular, it focuses on strategies targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumour-associated macrophages, cancer stem cells and cancer cell metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cummings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - C Freer
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - N M Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228762. [PMID: 33228245 PMCID: PMC7699467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived submicron vesicles released under physiological or pathological conditions. EVs mediate the cellular crosstalk, thus contributing to defining the tumor microenvironment, including in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The available literature investigating the role of EVs in EOC has been reviewed following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the role of EVs in early disease diagnosis, metastatic spread, and the development of chemoresistance in EOC. Data were identified from searches of Medline, Current Contents, PubMed, and from references in relevant articles from 2010 to 1 April 2020. The research yielded 194 results. Of these, a total of 36 papers, 9 reviews, and 27 original types of research were retained and analyzed. The literature findings demonstrate that a panel of EV-derived circulating miRNAs may be useful for early diagnosis of EOC. Furthermore, it appears clear that EVs are involved in mediating two crucial processes for metastatic and chemoresistance development: the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and tumor escape from the immune system response. Further studies, more focused on in vivo evidence, are urgently needed to clarify the role of EV assessment in the clinical management of EOC patients.
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Gutierrez-Millan C, Calvo Díaz C, Lanao JM, Colino CI. Advances in Exosomes-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000269. [PMID: 33094544 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, are important mediators of long-distance intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes such as the transport of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Researchers, seeing the problems caused by the toxic effects and clearance of synthetic nanoparticles, consider exosomes as an interesting alternative to such nanoparticles in the specific and controlled transport of drugs. In recent years, there have been remarkable advances in the use of exosomes in cancer therapeutics or for treating neurological diseases, among other applications. The objective of this work is to analyze studies focused on exosomes used in drug delivery system, present and future applications in this field of research are discussed based on the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gutierrez-Millan
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Clara Calvo Díaz
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - José M Lanao
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Clara I Colino
- Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- The Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
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Negahdaripour M, Owji H, Eskandari S, Zamani M, Vakili B, Nezafat N. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs): discovery, functions, applications, detection methods and various engineered forms. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:371-394. [PMID: 32945228 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1825677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-created delivery systems of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids, and means of extracellular communication. Though sEVs were initially considered to be the waste disposal mechanism, today they are at the forefront of research with different biological and pathological functions. Such EVs play a key role in the immunoregulation, CNS development, nervous system physiology, mammary gland development, induction of immunosuppression in pregnancy, the developmental signaling pathways, regeneration of different tissues, inflammation, angiogenesis, coagulation, apoptosis, stem cell differentiation, and extracellular matrix turnover. AREAS COVERED SEVs contribute to the pathogenesis of different cancers and the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases, infections, as well as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opinion: There is no exact classification for EVs; however, according to size, density, morphological features, content, and biogenesis, they can be categorized into three major classes: microvesicles (ectosomes or microparticles), apoptotic bodies, and sEVs. SEVs, as an important class of EVs, have a crucial role in distinct biological functions. Moreover, shedding light on different structural and molecular aspects of sEV has led to their application in various therapeutic, diagnostic, and drug delivery fields. In this review, we have endeavored to elaborate on different aspects of EVs, especially sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Owji
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Eskandari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Vakili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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Lin H, Wang J, Wen X, Wen Q, Huang S, Mai Z, Lu L, Liang X, Pan H, Li S, He Y, Ma H. A prognosis-predictive nomogram of ovarian cancer with two immune-related genes: CDC20B and PNPLA5. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:204. [PMID: 32963610 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OV) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies globally, and the overall 5-year survival rate of OV was 47% in 2018 according to American data. To increase the survival rate of patients with OV, many researchers have sought to identify biomarkers that act as both prognosis-predictive markers and therapy targets. However, most of these have not been suitable for clinical application. The present study aimed at constructing a predictive prognostic nomogram of OV using the genes identified by combining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for OV with the immune score calculated by the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data algorithm. Firstly, the algorithm was used to calculate the immune score of patients with OV in the TCGA-OV dataset. Secondly, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low and high immune score tissues were identified, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was performed to predict the functions of these DEGs. Thirdly, univariate, multivariate and Lasso Cox's regression analyses were carried out step by step, and six prognosis-related DEGs were identified. Then, Kaplan-Myer survival curves were generated for these genes and validated by comparing their expression levels to further narrow the range of DEGs and to calculate the risk score. Two genes were identified, cell division cycle 20B and patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 5, which were both shown to have higher expression levels in OV tissues and to be significantly associated with the prognosis of OV. Next, a nomogram was created using these two genes and age, and using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve, the effectiveness of the nomogram was validated. Finally, an external validation was conducted for this nomogram. The ROC showed that the areas under the curve (AUCs) of the 3- and 5-year overall survival predictions for the nomogram were 0.678 and 0.62, respectively. Moreover, the ROC of the external validation model showed that the AUCs of the 3- and 5-year were 0.699 and 0.643, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the generated nomogram. In conclusion, the present study has identified two immune-related genes as biomarkers that reliably predict overall survival in OV. These biomarkers might also be potential molecular targets of immune therapy to treat patients with OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qidan Wen
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Shiya Huang
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhefen Mai
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Lingjing Lu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xingyan Liang
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Pan
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Shuna Li
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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Qian M, Ling W, Ruan Z. Long non-coding RNA SNHG12 promotes immune escape of ovarian cancer cells through their crosstalk with M2 macrophages. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17122-17136. [PMID: 32927431 PMCID: PMC7521506 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment contributes to this phenomenon and that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also involved in this process. In this study, we identified a new lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) and investigated its role in tumor immune escape. We analyzed the expression levels of interlukin (IL)-6R and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 51 ovarian cancer and 20 normal specimens by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between SNHG12 and IL-6R in clinical ovarian cancer samples was identified by RT-qPCR. We then performed SNHG12 gain- and loss-function experiments in order to investigate its role in the regulation of immune escape and the crosstalk between miR-21 and IL-6. T cell proliferation was assessed by flow cytometry. In vivo pro-immune escape activity of SNHG12 was assessed by tumor-xenograft mouse model. IL-6R and PD-L1 were found to be overexpressed in clinical ovarian cancer specimens. Meanwhile, SNHG12 and IL-6R expressions were positively correlated in clinical ovarian cancer samples. SNHG12 facilitated ovarian immune escape by promoting IL-6/miR-21 crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and M2 macrophages. Notably, SNHG12 promoted IL-6R transcription by recruiting NF-κB1 to the IL-6R promoter. Our study reveals that SNHG12 facilitates ovarian cancer immune escape by upregulating IL-6R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China,Equal contribution
| | - Wanwen Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China,Equal contribution
| | - Zhengyi Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
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Koirala P, Moon AS, Chuang L. Clinical Utility of Preoperative Assessment in Ovarian Cancer Cytoreduction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E568. [PMID: 32784719 PMCID: PMC7459574 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, in part due to late presentation. Many women have vague early symptoms and present with disseminated disease. Cytoreductive surgery can be extensive, involving multiple organ systems. Novel therapies and recent clinical trials have provided evidence that, compared to primary cytoreduction, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has equivalent survival outcomes with less morbidity. There is increasing need for validated tools and mechanisms for clinicians to determine the optimal management of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratistha Koirala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, CT 06810, USA; (A.S.M.); (L.C.)
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Qin D, Yang W, Pan Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Lakshmanan S. Differential proteomics analysis of serum exosomein burn patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2215-2220. [PMID: 32874118 PMCID: PMC7451684 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The exosome is an emerging concepts biomarkers due to their abnormal expression in various diseases. Research on exosome has already shifted from the laboratory to clinical application. This study uses bioinformatics technology to identify functional changes in proteins of serum exosomes from burn patients. A total of 231 quantifiable differentially-expressed proteins were screened out, 31 of them had statistically significant changes in expression levels. In the test group, expression of2 proteins had downregulated, whereas that of 29 proteins upregulated. Gene Ontology analysis demonstrates that differentially-expressed proteins were primarily identified in extracellular vesicles and platelet α granules, which can alter enzyme inhibitor activities, heparin-binding, coagulation, and lipid transport. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrates that ITGA2B and ITGB3 proteins, which were significantly upregulated in the burn group, were primarily involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Western blotting confirmed that the expressions of ITGA2B and ITGB3 in burn patient tissue samples were higher than those in the control group; conversely, the expression of CD9 was lower than that in the control group. In burn patients, the upregulated proteins ITGA2B and ITGB3 of serum exosomes likely participate in injury detection and repair via PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Qin
- The Department of Plastic and Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- The Department of Plastic, Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, No. 68, Zhongshan Road, Chong'an District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Zeping Pan
- The Department of Plastic and Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- The Department of Plastic and Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Xueyong Li
- The Department of Plastic and Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, No.1, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
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Abstract
Introduction: Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is the leading cause of death in women with gynecologic cancers. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a low five-year survival rate of 20-30%. Discovering novel biomarkers for early detection and outcome prediction of OC is an urgent medical need. miRNAs, a group of small non-coding RNAs, play critical roles in multiple biologic processes and cancer pathogenesis.Areas covered: We provide an in-depth look at the functions of miRNAs in OC, particularly focusing on their roles in chemoresistance and metastasis in OC. We also discuss the biological and clinical significance of miRNAs in exosomes and expand on long non-coding RNA which acts as ceRNA of miRNAs.Expert opinion: miRNAs participate in many biological processes including proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cell. They will substantially contribute to our understanding of OC pathogenesis. Given their resistance to the degradation of ribonucleases and availability in plasma exosomes, miRNAs may serve as emerging biomarkers for cancer detection, therapeutic assessment, and prognostic prediction. Being a messenger, exosomal miRNAs are crucial for the crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bingjian Lu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Borghese C, Casagrande N, Corona G, Aldinucci D. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Primed with Paclitaxel Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Growth and Overcome Paclitaxel Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050401. [PMID: 32349462 PMCID: PMC7284978 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) primed with paclitaxel (PTX) are now hypothesized to represent a potential Trojan horse to vehicle and deliver PTX into tumors. We analyzed the anticancer activity of PTX released by ADSCs primed with PTX (PTX-ADSCs) (~20 ng/mL) in a panel of ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells sensitive or resistant to PTX. We used two (2D) and three dimensional (3D) in vitro models (multicellular tumor spheroids, MCTSs, and heterospheroids) to mimic tumor growth in ascites. The coculture of OvCa cells with PTX-ADSCs inhibited cell viability in 2D models and in 3D heterospheroids (SKOV3-MCTSs plus PTX-ADSCs) and counteracted PTX-resistance in Kuramochi cells. The cytotoxic effects of free PTX and of equivalent amounts of PTX secreted in PTX-ADSC-conditioned medium (CM) were compared. PTX-ADSC-CM decreased OvCa cell proliferation, was more active than free PTX and counteracted PTX-resistance in Kuramochi cells (6.0-fold decrease in the IC50 values). Cells cultivated as 3D aggregated MCTSs were more resistant to PTX than 2D cultivation. PTX-ADSC-CM (equivalent-PTX) was more active than PTX in MCTSs and counteracted PTX-resistance in all cell lines. PTX-ADSC-CM also inhibited OvCa-MCTS dissemination on collagen-coated wells. In conclusion, PTX-ADSCs and PTX-MSCs-CM may represent a new option with which to overcome PTX-resistance in OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, 33081 Pordenone, Italy; (C.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, 33081 Pordenone, Italy; (C.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, 33081 Pordenone, Italy; (C.B.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Shimizu A, Sawada K, Kimura T. Pathophysiological Role and Potential Therapeutic Exploitation of Exosomes in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040814. [PMID: 32230983 PMCID: PMC7226729 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles involved in several biological and pathological molecules and can carry many bioactive materials to target cells. They work as important mediators of cell-cell communication and play essential roles in many diseases, especially in cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages involving widespread peritoneal dissemination, resulting in poor prognosis. Emerging evidence has shown that exosomes play vital roles throughout the progression of ovarian cancer. Moreover, the development of engineered exosome-based therapeutic applications— including drug delivery systems, biomolecular targets and immune therapy—has increased drastically. Herein, we review the functional features of exosomes in ovarian cancer progression and the therapeutic application potential of exosomes as novel cancer treatments.
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Sabini C, Sorbi F, Cunnea P, Fotopoulou C. Ovarian cancer stem cells: ready for prime time? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 301:895-899. [PMID: 32200419 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of cancer stem cells (CSC) remains controversial and increasingly subject of investigation as a potential oncogenetic platform with promising therapeutic implications. Understanding the role of CSCs in a highly heterogeneous disease like epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) may potentially lead to the better understanding of the oncogenetic and metastatic pathways of the disease, but also to develop novel strategies against its progression and platinum resistance. METHODS We have performed a review of all relevant literature that addresses the oncogenetic potential of stem cells in EOC, their mechanisms, and the associated therapeutic targets. RESULTS Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to be implicated not only in the development and pathways of intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), but also potentially modulating the tumor microenvironment, leading to the selection of sub-clones resistant to chemotherapy. Furthermore, it appears that the enhanced DNA repair abilities of CSCs are connected with their endurance and resistance maintaining their genomic integrity during novel targeted treatments such as PARP inhibitors, allowing them to survive and causing disease relapse functioning as a tumor seeds. CONCLUSIONS It appears that CSCs play a major role in the underlying mechanisms of oncogenesis and development of relapse in EOC. Part of promising future plans would be to not only use them as therapeutic targets, but also extent their value on a preventative level through engineering mechanisms and prevention of EOC in its origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Sabini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paula Cunnea
- West London Gynecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, W12 OHS, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- West London Gynecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, W12 OHS, UK. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
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Role of microRNAs as Clinical Cancer Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer: A Short Overview. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010169. [PMID: 31936634 PMCID: PMC7016727 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers. Early clinical signs are missing and there is an urgent need to establish early diagnosis biomarkers. MicroRNAs are promising biomarkers in this respect. In this paper, we review the most recent advances regarding the alterations of microRNAs in ovarian cancer. We have briefly described the contribution of miRNAs in the mechanisms of ovarian cancer invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy sensitivity. We have also summarized the alterations underwent by microRNAs in solid ovarian tumors, in animal models for ovarian cancer, and in various ovarian cancer cell lines as compared to previous reviews that were only focused the circulating microRNAs as biomarkers. In this context, we consider that the biomarker screening should not be limited to circulating microRNAs per se, but rather to the simultaneous detection of the same microRNA alteration in solid tumors, in order to understand the differences between the detection of nucleic acids in early vs. late stages of cancer. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo models should also validate these microRNAs, which could be very helpful as preclinical testing platforms for pharmacological and/or molecular genetic approaches targeting microRNAs. The enormous quantity of data produced by preclinical and clinical studies regarding the role of microRNAs that act synergistically in tumorigenesis mechanisms that are associated with ovarian cancer subtypes, should be gathered, integrated, and compared by adequate methods, including molecular clustering. In this respect, molecular clustering analysis should contribute to the discovery of best biomarkers-based microRNAs assays that will enable rapid, efficient, and cost-effective detection of ovarian cancer in early stages. In conclusion, identifying the appropriate microRNAs as clinical biomarkers in ovarian cancer might improve the life quality of patients.
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Yan B, Liu Q, Liu G, Huang X, Zhu G, Gao L, Xu Y. Retracted Article: Macrophage-derived exosomes mediate osteosarcoma cell behavior by activating AKT signaling. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5032-5039. [PMID: 35498280 PMCID: PMC9049108 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone tumor, which severely threatens the health of adolescents and young adults. Tumor-infiltrating macrophages have been shown to mediate cancer progression via extracellular vesicles. However, their potential mechanisms in osteosarcoma progression and in drug-resistance are still not yet known. The macrophage cell line THP1 was stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to secrete exosomes. The exosomes isolated from THP1 were characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and by a western blot. Cell proliferation was determined using CCK-8. A transwell assay and flow cytometry were conducted to detect cell migration and apoptosis, respectively. The expression levels of AKT and its phosphorylation status were determined using a western blot. PMA-treated activated THP1 cells secreted an abundance of exosomes with the characteristics of being less than 200 nm in diameter, and showing the robust expression of exosome markers CD63 and CD81. The THP1-derived exosomes promoted cell proliferation, migration and drug-resistance to the chemical drug docetaxel in both osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and 143B. The inhibition of the generation of exosomes by the knockdown of ALIX clearly suppressed the cell proliferation, migration and drug-resistance. Mechanistically, the THP1-derived exosomes activated AKT signaling by inducing the increased expression of the phosphorylated AKT at serine 473 (p-AKT). The AKT inhibitor MK2206 significantly abolished exosome-mediated cell proliferation and drug-resistance in osteosarcoma cells. In summary, our data demonstrated that macrophage-derived exosomes promoted osteosarcoma progression and drug-resistance by activating AKT signaling that could be used as a potential molecular target for osteosarcoma treatment. Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone tumor, which severely threatens the health of adolescents and young adults.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
- Department of Orthopaedics
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
- Department of Orthopaedics
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
- Department of Orthopaedics
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Taixing People's Hospital
- Taixing
- China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Taixing People's Hospital
- Taixing
- China
| | - Luoluo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics
- Taixing People's Hospital
- Taixing
- China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
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Inhibition of miR-214-3p Aids in Preventing Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Malignancy by Increasing the Expression of LHX6. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121917. [PMID: 31810245 PMCID: PMC6966693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), various miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. We investigated miRNAs known to be involved in EOC progression and analyzed their expression in tissues and serum-derived exosomes from benign serous cystadenoma, borderline serous tumor, low-grade serous ovarian cancer, and high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients (HGSO). The HGSO group was divided based on the platinum-free interval, which is defined as the duration from the completion of platinum-based chemotherapy to recurrence. We also analyzed the mRNA levels of target genes that candidate miRNAs might regulate in patient tissues. miR-214-3p was highly expressed in tissues and exosomes derived from EOC with high malignancy and also found to regulate the expression of LIM homeobox domain 6 (LHX6) mRNA. Serum exosomal levels of miR-214-3p were significantly increased in platinum-resistant HGSO (25.2-fold, p < 0.001) compared to the exosomal expression of benign tumor patients. On transfection of miR-214-3p inhibitor in EOC cells, cell proliferation was inhibited while apoptotic cell death was increased. Collectively, we suggest that miR-214-3p in serum exosomes can be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian tumor, and its inhibition can be a supportive treatment for EOC.
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Jones LB, Kumar S, Curry AJ, Price JS, Krendelchtchikov A, Crenshaw BJ, Bell CR, Williams SD, Tolliver TA, Saldanha SN, Sims B, Matthews QL. Alcohol Exposure Impacts the Composition of HeLa-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040078. [PMID: 31574936 PMCID: PMC6966524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanosized vesicles that are under intense investigation for their role in intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles have begun to be examined for their role in disease protection and their role as disease biomarkers and/or vaccine agents. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol exposure on the biogenesis and composition of extracellular vesicles derived from the cervical cancer line, HeLa. The HeLa cells were cultured in exosome-free media and were either mock-treated (control) or treated with 50 mM or 100 mM of alcohol for 24 h and 48 h. Our results demonstrated that alcohol significantly impacts HeLa cell viability and exosome biogenesis/composition. Importantly, our studies demonstrate the critical role of alcohol on HeLa cells, as well as HeLa-derived extracellular vesicle biogenesis and composition. Specifically, these results indicate that alcohol alters extracellular vesicles’ packaging of heat shock proteins and apoptotic proteins. Extracellular vesicles serve as communicators for HeLa cells, as well as biomarkers for the initiation and progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra B Jones
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Aliyah J Curry
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Jayde S Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Alexandre Krendelchtchikov
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Brennetta J Crenshaw
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Courtnee' R Bell
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Sparkle D Williams
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Tambre A Tolliver
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Sabita N Saldanha
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Brian Sims
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Qiana L Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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