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Perocheau D, Gurung S, Touramanidou L, Duff C, Sharma G, Sebire N, Finn PF, Cavedon A, Siddiqui S, Rice L, Martini PG, Frassetto A, Baruteau J. Ex vivo precision-cut liver slices model disease phenotype and monitor therapeutic response for liver monogenic diseases. F1000Res 2024; 12:1580. [PMID: 38618017 PMCID: PMC11016166 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.142014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In academic research and the pharmaceutical industry, in vitro cell lines and in vivo animal models are considered as gold standards in modelling diseases and assessing therapeutic efficacy. However, both models have intrinsic limitations, whilst the use of precision-cut tissue slices can bridge the gap between these mainstream models. Precision-cut tissue slices combine the advantage of high reproducibility, studying all cell sub-types whilst preserving the tissue matrix and extracellular architecture, thereby closely mimicking a mini-organ. This approach can be used to replicate the biological phenotype of liver monogenic diseases using mouse models. Methods Here, we describe an optimised and easy-to-implement protocol for the culture of sections from mouse livers, enabling its use as a reliable ex-vivo model to assess the therapeutic screening of inherited metabolic diseases. Results We show that precision-cut liver sections can be a reliable model for recapitulating the biological phenotype of inherited metabolic diseases, exemplified by common urea cycle defects such as citrullinemia type 1 and argininosuccinic aciduria, caused by argininosuccinic synthase (ASS1) and argininosuccinic lyase (ASL) deficiencies respectively. Conclusions Therapeutic response to gene therapy such as messenger RNA replacement delivered via lipid nanoparticles can be monitored, demonstrating that precision-cut liver sections can be used as a preclinical screening tool to assess therapeutic response and toxicity in monogenic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Perocheau
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sonam Gurung
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Loukia Touramanidou
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Claire Duff
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Garima Sharma
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Neil Sebire
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Rice
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Julien Baruteau
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, England, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, WC1N 3JH, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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2
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Genetic Predisposition to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010035. [PMID: 36676960 PMCID: PMC9864136 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the genetically susceptible F344 and resistant BN rats cluster, respectively, with human HCC with better (HCCB) and poorer prognosis (HCCP); therefore, they represent a valid model to study the molecular alterations determining the genetic predisposition to HCC and the response to therapy. The ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of ERK-inhibitor DUSP1, which characterizes HCC progression, favors the unrestrained ERK activity. DUSP1 represents a valuable prognostic marker, and ERK, CKS1, or SKP2 are potential therapeutic targets for human HCC. In DN (dysplastic nodule) and HCC of F344 rats and human HCCP, DUSP1 downregulation and ERK1/2 overexpression sustain SKP2-CKS1 activity through FOXM1, the expression of which is associated with a susceptible phenotype. SAM-methyl-transferase reactions and SAM/SAH ratio are regulated by GNMT. In addition, GNMT binds to CYP1A, PARP1, and NFKB and PREX2 gene promoters. MYBL2 upregulation deregulates cell cycle and induces the progression of premalignant and malignant liver. During HCC progression, the MYBL2 transcription factor positively correlates with cells proliferation and microvessel density, while it is negatively correlated to apoptosis. Hierarchical supervised analysis, regarding 6132 genes common to human and rat liver, showed a gene expression pattern common to normal liver of both strains and BN nodules, and a second pattern is observed in F344 nodules and HCC of both strains. Comparative genetics studies showed that DNs of BN rats cluster with human HCCB, while F344 DNs and HCCs cluster with HCCP.
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3
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, Ma F, Zhang CY. Advances in quantum dot-based biosensors for DNA-modifying enzymes assay. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Pascale RM, Simile MM, Calvisi DF, Feo CF, Feo F. S-Adenosylmethionine: From the Discovery of Its Inhibition of Tumorigenesis to Its Use as a Therapeutic Agent. Cells 2022; 11:409. [PMID: 35159219 PMCID: PMC8834208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of methionine cycle in steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma induce MAT1A decrease and MAT2A increase expressions with the consequent decrease of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). This causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SAM administration antagonizes pathological conditions, including galactosamine, acetaminophen, and ethanol intoxications, characterized by decreased intracellular SAM. Positive therapeutic effects of SAM/vitamin E or SAM/ursodeoxycholic acid in animal models with NAFLD and intrahepatic cholestasis were not confirmed in humans. In in vitro experiments, SAM and betaine potentiate PegIFN-alpha-2a/2b plus ribavirin antiviral effects. SAM plus betaine improves early viral kinetics and increases interferon-stimulated gene expression in patients with viral hepatitis non-responders to pegIFNα/ribavirin. SAM prevents hepatic cirrhosis, induced by CCl4, inhibits experimental tumors growth and is proapoptotic for hepatocellular carcinoma and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. SAM plus Decitabine arrest cancer growth and potentiate doxorubicin effects on breast, head, and neck cancers. Furthermore, SAM enhances the antitumor effect of gemcitabine against pancreatic cancer cells, inhibits growth of human prostate cancer PC-3, colorectal cancer, and osteosarcoma LM-7 and MG-63 cell lines; increases genomic stability of SW480 cells. SAM reduces colorectal cancer progression and inhibits the proliferation of preneoplastic rat liver cells in vivo. The discrepancy between positive results of SAM treatment of experimental tumors and modest effects against human disease may depend on more advanced human disease stage at moment of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Pascale
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.M.S.); (D.F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria M. Simile
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.M.S.); (D.F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Diego F. Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.M.S.); (D.F.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio F. Feo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.M.S.); (D.F.C.); (F.F.)
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5
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Romualdo GR, Leroy K, Costa CJS, Prata GB, Vanderborght B, da Silva TC, Barbisan LF, Andraus W, Devisscher L, Câmara NOS, Vinken M, Cogliati B. In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Strategies for Translational Modeling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5583. [PMID: 34771745 PMCID: PMC8582701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is a complex multistep disease and usually emerges in the setting of chronic liver diseases. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies according to the etiology, mainly caused by chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, chronic alcohol consumption, aflatoxin-contaminated food, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. The establishment of HCC models has become essential for both basic and translational research to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and unravel new molecular drivers of this disease. The ideal model should recapitulate key events observed during hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be translated into clinical practice. Despite considerable efforts currently devoted to liver cancer research, only a few anti-HCC drugs are available, and patient prognosis and survival are still poor. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used for translational modeling of HCC with a specific focus on their key molecular hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Bacil Prata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
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Atta S, Kramani NE, Mohamed SR, Mohamed MA, Hassan SH, Hesham R, Mohamed AM, Abdel-Halim EE, Mohamed YA, El-Ahwany E. MicroRNA-199: A Potential Therapeutic Tool for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Experimental Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:2771-2779. [PMID: 34582645 PMCID: PMC8850877 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.9.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major health problems throughout the world with a very poor prognosis. MicroRNAs are small regulatory non-protein-coding RNA molecules. We aimed at investigating microRNA-199 as a potential therapeutic tool for HCC both in vitro and in an experimental model. A therapeutic strategy based on the effect of microRNAs to target genes responsible for liver cancer was adopted in this work. The ability of these small RNAs to potently influence cellular behavior was also investigated. The role of miR-199a in the development of liver cancer has been identified using a systematic literature search using miRBase. HepG2 cell line was used to test the effect of miRNA199a in vitro. Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in Male Balb/C mice by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Mice were treated with miRNA-199a and sacrificed after 16 weeks and blood samples and liver specimens were collected for biochemical and histopathological assessment. Histopathological examination of liver specimens after miRNA 199a treatment showed regression of Hepatocellular carcinoma with restoration of normal architecture. AFP, VEGF and TNFα levels decreased after treatment with miRNA 199a. Caspase 3 and 9; showed decreased expression in animals treated with miRNA 199a than non-treated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Atta
- Immunology Lab, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornish El Nil street, Giza, Egypt.
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Best Practices and Progress in Precision-Cut Liver Slice Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137137. [PMID: 34281187 PMCID: PMC8267882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years ago, precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) were described as a promising tool and were expected to become the standard in vitro model to study liver disease as they tick off all characteristics of a good in vitro model. In contrast to most in vitro models, PCLS retain the complex 3D liver structures found in vivo, including cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, and therefore should constitute the most reliable tool to model and to investigate pathways underlying chronic liver disease in vitro. Nevertheless, the biggest disadvantage of the model is the initiation of a procedure-induced fibrotic response. In this review, we describe the parameters and potential of PCLS cultures and discuss whether the initially described limitations and pitfalls have been overcome. We summarize the latest advances in PCLS research and critically evaluate PCLS use and progress since its invention in 1985.
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Hu Q, Ma X, Li C, Zhou C, Chen J, Gu X. Downregulation of THRSP Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Triggering ZEB1 Transcription in an ERK-dependent Manner. J Cancer 2021; 12:4247-4256. [PMID: 34093825 PMCID: PMC8176411 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Thyroid hormone responsive (THRSP) gene is primarily known for regulating responses to thyroid hormones, but its expression has been correlated with differential outcomes in some cancers. To date, however, its role in the progression of HCC remains unknown. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression of THRSP was measured in HCC tissues and cell lines via qPCR and western blot assays. Lentiviral transfection was used to establish stable cell lines overexpressing THRSP and shRNA was used to silence THRSP. The effects of THRSP on cell growth were then determined in vivo and in vitro. Cell migration and invasion of HCC cells were investigated using transwell and wound healing assays. Results: In tissue samples from patients, HCC tissues had decreased THRSP expression relative to adjacent healthy tissues. Further, patients with decreased THRSP protein and mRNA expression had worse outcomes. Knockdown of THRSP led to increased cell growth, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, and THRSP overexpression exerted an anti-tumor effect in vivo and in vitro. We found that increased expression of THRSP inhibited hepatocellular carcinogenesis by inhibiting the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through acting on the ERK/ZEB1 signaling pathway. Conclusion: THRSP may act as a functional tumor suppressor and was frequently reduced in HCC tissue samples. We identified a novel pathway for the THRSP/ERK/ZEB1-regulated suppression of HCC tumorigenesis and invasion. Restoring THRSP expression may represent a promising approach for HCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuner Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
| | - Xuechun Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China
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9
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Zhou Q, Fu Y, Wen L, Deng Y, Chen J, Liu K. XPD Polymorphisms and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:1533033821990046. [PMID: 33517857 PMCID: PMC7871355 DOI: 10.1177/1533033821990046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is associated with genetic variants of DNA repair genes that alter DNA
repair capacity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the relations
between the rs13181 and rs1799793 XPD gene polymorphisms and risk for
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gastric cancer. Methods: Relevant publications were systematically sought from Web of Science, Pubmed,
and China Academic Journals Full-text Database. The selection of eligible
studies was performed by 2 independent authors. A total of 32 case-control
studies were included. Meta-analyses were undertaken in all study
participants and each ethnic group. Results: The risk of HCC was significantly increased with the XPD rs13181 G allele (P
= 0.028, pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) =
1.03-1.80) in all study participants. A subgroup analysis by ethnicity
showed that the association was significant in Chinese (P = 0.009, pooled OR
= 1.49, 95% CI = 1.11-2.02), but not in Caucasians (P = 0.619, pooled OR =
1.17, 95% CI = 0.64-2.13). Meta-analysis of the XPD rs1799793 polymorphism
and HCC showed an association between its variant T allele and increased HCC
risk in all study participants (P = 0.017, pooled OR = 1.23, 95% CI =
1.04-1.46, all Chinese). Our results showed no associations between the XPD
rs13181 G allele and rs1799793 T allele and gastric cancer risk (rs13181: P
= 0.298, pooled OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.92-1.31; rs1799793: P = 0.068, pooled
OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.98-1.74). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the XPD rs13181 G allele and rs1799793 T
allele have significant associations with HCC and may be risk factors for
HCC in the Chinese population. Current evidence indicated that they are not
related to gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijia Wen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Pascale RM, Calvisi DF, Simile MM, Feo CF, Feo F. The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2819. [PMID: 33008042 PMCID: PMC7599761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer, as shown by the increased aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect), is coordinated by genetic changes leading to the activation of oncogenes and the loss of oncosuppressor genes. The understanding of the metabolic deregulation of cancer cells is necessary to prevent and cure cancer. In this review, we illustrate and comment the principal metabolic and molecular variations of cancer cells, involved in their anomalous behavior, that include modifications of oxidative metabolism, the activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and a decrease of oxygen consumption in cancer cells, the genetic susceptibility to cancer, the molecular correlations involved in the metabolic deregulation in cancer, the defective cancer mitochondria, the relationships between the Warburg effect and tumor therapy, and recent studies that reevaluate the Warburg effect. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Warburg effect is an epiphenomenon of the transformation process essential for the development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Pascale
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Diego Francesco Calvisi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Simile
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio Francesco Feo
- Department of Clinical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Experimental Sciences, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.F.C.); (M.M.S.); (F.F.)
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11
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Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Liver Tumorigenesis Reveal a Wide Histological Spectrum of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Liver Lesions. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082265. [PMID: 32823526 PMCID: PMC7465606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are an elegant tool to study liver carcinogenesis in vivo. Newly designed mouse models need detailed (histopathological) phenotyping when described for the first time to avoid misinterpretation and misconclusions. Many chemically induced models for hepatocarcinogenesis comprise a huge variety of histologically benign and malignant neoplastic, as well as non-neoplastic, lesions. Such comprehensive categorization data for GEMM are still missing. In this study, 874 microscopically categorized liver lesions from 369 macroscopically detected liver "tumors" from five different GEMM for liver tumorigenesis were included. The histologic spectrum of diagnosis included a wide range of both benign and malignant neoplastic (approx. 82%) and non-neoplastic (approx. 18%) lesions including hyperplasia, reactive bile duct changes or oval cell proliferations with huge variations among the various models and genetic backgrounds. Our study therefore critically demonstrates that models of liver tumorigenesis can harbor a huge variety of histopathologically distinct diagnosis and, depending on the genotype, notable variations are expectable. These findings are extremely important to warrant the correct application of GEMM in liver cancer research and clearly emphasize the role of basic histopathology as still being a crucial tool in modern biomedical research.
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12
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Kim MY, Choi S, Lee SE, Kim JS, Son SH, Lim YS, Kim BJ, Ryu BY, Uversky VN, Lee YJ, Kim CG. Development of a MEL Cell-Derived Allograft Mouse Model for Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111707. [PMID: 31683958 PMCID: PMC6895914 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells are often employed as a model to dissect mechanisms of erythropoiesis and erythroleukemia in vitro. Here, an allograft model using MEL cells resulting in splenomegaly was established to develop a diagnostic model for isolation/quantification of metastatic cells, anti-cancer drug screening, and evaluation of the tumorigenic or metastatic potentials of molecules in vivo. In this animal model, circulating MEL cells from the blood stream were successfully isolated and quantified with an additional in vitro cultivation step. In terms of the molecular-pathological analysis, we were able to successfully evaluate the functional discrimination between methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (Mbd2) and p66α in erythroid differentiation, and tumorigenic potential in spleen and blood stream of allograft model mice. In addition, we found that the number of circulating MEL cells in anti-cancer drug-treated mice was dose-dependently decreased. Our data demonstrate that the newly established allograft model is useful to dissect erythroleukemia pathologies and non-invasively provides valuable means for isolation of metastatic cells, screening of anti-cancer drugs, and evaluation of the tumorigenic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Seol Eui Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Young Soo Lim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
| | - Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Korea.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
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