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Malakauskaitė P, Želvys A, Zinkevičienė A, Mickevičiūtė E, Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė E, Malyško-Ptašinskė V, Lekešytė B, Novickij J, Kašėta V, Novickij V. Mitochondrial depolarization and ATP loss during high frequency nanosecond and microsecond electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108742. [PMID: 38776865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It is predicted that ultra-short electric field pulses (nanosecond) can selectively permeabilize intracellular structures (e.g., mitochondria) without significant effects on the outer cell plasma membrane. Such a phenomenon would have high applicability in cancer treatment and could be employed to modulate cell death type or immunogenic response. Therefore, in this study, we compare the effects of 100 µs x 8 pulses (ESOPE - European Standard Operating Procedures on Electrochemotherapy) and bursts of 100 ns pulses for modulation of the mitochondria membrane potential. We characterize the efficacies of various protocols to trigger permeabilization, depolarize mitochondria (evaluated 1 h after treatment), the extent of ATP depletion and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, we employ the most prominent protocols in the context of Ca2+ electrochemotherapy in vitro. We provide experimental proof that 7.5-12.5 kV/cm x 100 ns pulses can be used to modulate mitochondrial potential, however, the permeabilization of the outer membrane is still a prerequisite for depolarization. Similar to 100 µs x 8 pulses, the higher the permeabilization rate, the higher the mitochondrial depolarization. Nevertheless, 100 ns pulses result in lesser ROS generation when compared to ESOPE, even when the energy input is several-fold higher than for the microsecond procedure. At the same time, it shows that even the short 100 ns pulses can be successfully used for Ca2+ electrochemotherapy, ensuring excellent cytotoxic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Malakauskaitė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Augustinas Želvys
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Auksė Zinkevičienė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Mickevičiūtė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eivina Radzevičiūtė-Valčiukė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Barbora Lekešytė
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Kašėta
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Sözer EB, Semenov I, Thomas Vernier P. Dihydroethidium-derived fluorescence in electrically stressed cells indicates intracellular microenvironment modifications independent of ROS. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108751. [PMID: 38851174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is widely suggested as a trigger for biological consequences of electric field exposures, such as those in electroporation applications. ROS are linked with membrane barrier function degradation, genetic damage, and complex events like immunological cell death. Dihydroethidium (DHE) is commonly used to monitor ROS in cells. DHE is linked to intracellular ROS by a primary oxidation product, Ethidium (Eth+), that shows increased fluorescence upon binding to polynucleotides. We observed changes in DHE-derived fluorescence in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells post 300-ns electric pulse exposures, comparing them to tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BHP) induced oxidative stress. Immediate intracellular fluorescence changes were noted in both cases, but with distinct localization patterns. After electrical stress, cytosolic DHE-derived fluorescence intensity decreases, and nucleolar intensity increases. Conversely, t-BHP exposure increases DHE-derived fluorescence uniformly across the cell. Surprisingly, fluorescence patterns after electrical stress in Eth+-loaded cells is identical to those in DHE-loaded cells, in kinetics and localization patterns. These findings indicate that DHE-derived fluorescence changes after pulsed electric field stress are not due to intracellular ROS generation leading to DHE oxidation, but rather indicate stress-induced intracellular microenvironment alterations affecting Eth+ fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin B Sözer
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Iurii Semenov
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - P Thomas Vernier
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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3
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Mazzarda F, Chittams-Miles AE, Pittaluga J, Sözer EB, Vernier PT, Muratori C. Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Release Triggered by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields in Murine Innate Immune Cells and Skin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:335-345. [PMID: 38047899 PMCID: PMC10752860 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Although electric field-induced cell membrane permeabilization (electroporation) is used in a wide range of clinical applications from cancer therapy to cardiac ablation, the cellular- and molecular-level details of the processes that determine the success or failure of these treatments are poorly understood. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF)-based tumor therapies are known to have an immune component, but whether and how immune cells sense the electroporative damage and respond to it have not been demonstrated. Damage- and pathogen-associated stresses drive inflammation via activation of cytosolic multiprotein platforms known as inflammasomes. The assembly of inflammasome complexes triggers caspase-1-dependent secretion of IL-1β and in many settings a form of cell death called pyroptosis. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the nsPEF damage is sensed intracellularly by the NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that 200-ns PEFs induced aggregation of the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC, activation of caspase-1, and triggered IL-1β release in multiple innate immune cell types (J774A.1 macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells) and in vivo in mouse skin. Efflux of potassium from the permeabilized cell plasma membrane was partially responsible for nsPEF-induced inflammasome activation. Based on results from experiments using both the NRLP3-specific inhibitor MCC950 and NLRP3 knockout cells, we propose that the damage created by nsPEFs generates a set of stimuli for the inflammasome and that more than one sensor can drive IL-1β release in response to electrical pulse stimulation. This study shows, to our knowledge, for the first time, that PEFs activate the inflammasome, suggesting that this pathway alarms the immune system after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mazzarda
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | | | - Julia Pittaluga
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Esin B. Sözer
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - P. Thomas Vernier
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Claudia Muratori
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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Ibanez J, Hebbar N, Thanekar U, Yi Z, Houke H, Ward M, Nevitt C, Tian L, Mack SC, Sheppard H, Chiang J, Velasquez MP, Krenciute G. GRP78-CAR T cell effector function against solid and brain tumors is controlled by GRP78 expression on T cells. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101297. [PMID: 37992682 PMCID: PMC10694756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Lack of targetable antigens is a key limitation for developing successful T cell-based immunotherapies. Members of the unfolded protein response (UPR) represent ideal immunotherapy targets because the UPR regulates the ability of cancer cells to resist cell death, sustain proliferation, and metastasize. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a key UPR regulator that is overexpressed and translocated to the cell surface of a wide variety of cancers in response to elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We show that GRP78 is highly expressed on the cell surface of multiple solid and brain tumors, making cell surface GRP78 a promising chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell target. We demonstrate that GRP78-CAR T cells can recognize and kill GRP78+ brain and solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that GRP78 is upregulated on CAR T cells upon T cell activation; however, this expression is tumor-cell-line specific and results in heterogeneous GRP78-CAR T cell therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ibanez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Unmesha Thanekar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhongzhen Yi
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Haley Houke
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meghan Ward
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chris Nevitt
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Sheppard
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M Paulina Velasquez
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Kranjc M, Polajžer T, Novickij V, Miklavčič D. Determination of the Impact of High-Intensity Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on the Release of Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14607. [PMID: 37834054 PMCID: PMC10572873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High-Intensity Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (HI-PEMF) treatment is an emerging noninvasive and contactless alternative to conventional electroporation, since the electric field inside the tissue is induced remotely by an externally applied pulsed magnetic field. Recently, HI-PEMF has been successfully used in the transfer of plasmid DNA and siRNA in vivo, with no or minimal infiltration of immune cells. In addition to gene electrotransfer, treatment with HI-PEMF has also shown potential for electrochemotherapy, where activation of the immune response contributes to the treatment outcome. The immune response can be triggered by immunogenic cell death that is characterized by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from damaged or/and dying cells. In this study, the release of the best-known DAMP molecules, i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP), calreticulin and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMBG1), after HI-PEMF treatment was investigated in vitro on three different cell lines of different tissue origin and compared with conventional electroporation treatment parameters. We have shown that HI-PEMF by itself does not cause the release of HMGB1 or calreticulin, whereas the release of ATP was detected immediately after HI-PEMF treatment. Our results indicate that HI-PEMF treatment causes no to minimal release of DAMP molecules, which results in minimal/limited activation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Kranjc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Institute of High Magnetic Fields, Faculty of Electronics, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytinės g. 27, 10105 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.K.); (T.P.)
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Polajžer T, Miklavčič D. Immunogenic Cell Death in Electroporation-Based Therapies Depends on Pulse Waveform Characteristics. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1036. [PMID: 37376425 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, electroporation-based therapies such as electrochemotherapy (ECT), gene electrotransfer (GET) and irreversible electroporation (IRE) are performed with different but typical pulse durations-100 microseconds and 1-50 milliseconds. However, recent in vitro studies have shown that ECT, GET and IRE can be achieved with virtually any pulse duration (millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond) and pulse type (monopolar, bipolar-HFIRE), although with different efficiency. In electroporation-based therapies, immune response activation can affect treatment outcome, and the possibility of controlling and predicting immune response could improve the treatment. In this study, we investigated if different pulse durations and pulse types cause different or similar activations of the immune system by assessing DAMP release (ATP, HMGB1, calreticulin). Results show that DAMP release can be different when different pulse durations and pulse types are used. Nanosecond pulses seems to be the most immunogenic, as they can induce the release of all three main DAMP molecules-ATP, HMGB1 and calreticulin. The least immunogenic seem to be millisecond pulses, as only ATP release was detected and even that assumingly occurs due to increased permeability of the cell membrane. Overall, it seems that DAMP release and immune response in electroporation-based therapies can be controlled though pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Polajžer
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Vaiciuleviciute R, Uzieliene I, Bernotas P, Novickij V, Alaburda A, Bernotiene E. Electrical Stimulation in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040454. [PMID: 37106641 PMCID: PMC10135934 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been frequently used in different biomedical applications both in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies have demonstrated positive effects of ES on cellular functions, including metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation. The application of ES to cartilage tissue for increasing extracellular matrix formation is of interest, as cartilage is not able to restore its lesions owing to its avascular nature and lack of cells. Various ES approaches have been used to stimulate chondrogenic differentiation in chondrocytes and stem cells; however, there is a huge gap in systematizing ES protocols used for chondrogenic differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the application of ES for chondrocyte and mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis for cartilage tissue regeneration. The effects of different types of ES on cellular functions and chondrogenic differentiation are reviewed, systematically providing ES protocols and their advantageous effects. Moreover, cartilage 3D modeling using cells in scaffolds/hydrogels under ES are observed, and recommendations on reporting about the use of ES in different studies are provided to ensure adequate consolidation of knowledge in the area of ES. This review brings novel insights into the further application of ES in in vitro studies, which are promising for further cartilage repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminta Vaiciuleviciute
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Bernotas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vitalij Novickij
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Electronics, High Magnetic Field Institute, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Plytines g. 27, 10105 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aidas Alaburda
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu g. 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
- VilniusTech, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Sauletekio al. 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
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8
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Ibrahimi N, Vallet L, Andre FM, Rivaletto M, Novac BM, Mir LM, Pécastaing L. An Overview of Subnanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Biological Effects: Toward Contactless Technologies for Cancer Treatment. Bioelectricity 2023. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Njomza Ibrahimi
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Leslie Vallet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Franck M. Andre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Marc Rivaletto
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Bucur M. Novac
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lluis M. Mir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, UMR 9018, Metabolic and Systemic Aspects of Oncogenesis (METSY), Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Pécastaing
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Électrique–Fédération IPRA, EA4581, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour/E2S UPPA, Pau, France
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Xu Z, Pan C, Chen L, Qian J, Chen X, Zhou L, Zheng S. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Induces an Antitumor Effect in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via CXCL9 Axis Dependence in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072076. [PMID: 37046739 PMCID: PMC10093317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a refractory tumor, and therapeutic options are very limited. Local ablation has been applied recently. Chemokines play a critical role in the recruitment of immune cells into ablative tumors. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) shows potential anti-tumor efficacy, but the mechanism for maintaining the immune effect is not very clear. Here, we applied nsPEF for treating 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied. Anti-CXCL9 was used alone or combined with nsPEF to treat triple-negative breast cancer in mice. We demonstrated that nsPEF effectively induced cell apoptosis and inhibited the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. An immune effect, especially chemotaxis, was activated by nsPEF. The number of infiltrated CD8+ T cells was increased significantly. We found that the inhibition of residual breast cancer growth by nsPEF was dependent on the CXCL9 axis. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that nsPEF effectively ablated the tumor, aroused an immune response, and inhibited residual breast cancer growth via CXCL9 axis dependence in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Caixu Pan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Luyan Chen
- Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Junjie Qian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
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10
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Kim V, Semenov I, Kiester AS, Keppler MA, Ibey BL, Bixler JN, Pakhomov AG. Action spectra and mechanisms of (in) efficiency of bipolar electric pulses at electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 149:108319. [PMID: 36375440 PMCID: PMC9729435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reversal of the electric field direction inhibits various biological effects of nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP). This feature, known as "bipolar cancellation," enables interference targeting of nsEP bioeffects remotely from stimulating electrodes, for prospective applications such as precise cancer ablation and non-invasive deep brain stimulation. This study was undertaken to achieve the maximum cancellation of electroporation, by quantifying the impact of the pulse shape, duration, number, and repetition rate across a broad range of electric field strengths. Monolayers of endothelial cells (BPAE) were electroporated in a non-uniform electric field. Cell membrane permeabilization was quantified by YO-PRO-1 (YP) dye uptake and correlated to local electric field strength. For most conditions tested, adding an opposite polarity phase reduced YP uptake by 50-80 %. The strongest cancellation, which reduced YP uptake by 95-97 %, was accomplished by adding a 50 % second phase to 600-ns pulses delivered at a high repetition rate of 833 kHz. Strobe photography of nanosecond kinetics of membrane potential in single CHO cells revealed the temporal summation of polarization by individual unipolar nsEP applied at sub-MHz rate, leading to enhanced electroporation. In contrast, there was no summation for bipolar pulses, and increasing their repetition rate suppressed electroporation. These new findings are discussed in the context of bipolar cancellation mechanisms and remote focusing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kim
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Iurii Semenov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Allen S Kiester
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Bennett L Ibey
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joel N Bixler
- Bioeffects Division, Airman System Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrei G Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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11
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Azizi M, Salehi-Mazandarani S, Nikpour P, Andalib A, Rezaei M. The role of unfolded protein response-associated miRNAs in immunogenic cell death amplification: A literature review and bioinformatics analysis. Life Sci 2023; 314:121341. [PMID: 36586572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cellular death that is elicited in response to the specific types of anti-cancer therapies and enhances the anti-tumor immune responses by the combination of antigenicity and adjuvanticity of dying tumor cells. There is a well-established interlink between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ICD elicited by anti-cancer therapies. Most recent evidences support that unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated miRNAs can be key players in the ERS-induced ICD. Hence, in the present study, we conducted a literature review on the role of these miRNAs and associated molecular pathways that may regulate ICD. We first collected UPR-associated miRNAs that promote ERS-induced apoptosis and then focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) that promote ERS-induced apoptosis via PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway activation, as the main core for ICD and release of damage-associated molecular patterns. To better identify PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway-inducing miRNAs that can be used as potential therapeutic targets for improving ICD in cancer treatment, we did a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and network construction. Our results showed that "pathways in cancer", "MAPK signaling pathway", "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway", and "Cellular senescence", which correlate with UPR components and ERS induction, were among the significant signaling pathways related to the target genes of these miRNAs. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, which revealed the involvement of the PPI-extracted hub genes in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, we propose that these types of miRNAs can be considered as the potential cancer therapy options for better induction of ICD in combination with other ICD inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Azizi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sadra Salehi-Mazandarani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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12
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Jie Y, Yang X, Chen W. Pulsatilla Decoction Combined with 5-Fluorouracil Triggers Immunogenic Cell Death in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:945-954. [PMID: 34042519 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Our research is designed to explore the role of 5-FU and Pulsatilla decoction (PD) through modulation of Immunogenic cell death (ICD) for the co-treatment of Colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) assays. Cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xl were measured by Western blot assays. The levels of ATP and HMGB1 in the supernatants of the culture medium were analyzed by ATP assays and the HMGB1 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. The cell surface levels of CRT were measured by immunofluorescence assays. The tumor growth was analyzed in mice. Results: PD increased 5-FU-induced ICD in CRC cells, as demonstrated by the extracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and the surface levels of calreticulin (CRT). Our mechanism study showed that PD promoted 5-FU-induced ICD by inactivating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Furthermore, the co-treatment of 5-FU and PD further promoted 5-FU-induced CRT expression and T cell infiltration in vivo. Tumorigenicity analysis revealed that 5-FU combined with PD notably reduced tumor growth. Conclusion: This study indicated that PD enhances 5-FU-induced ICD and anti-tumor effect in CRC by inactivating STAT3. The combined application of 5-FU with PD may improve the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Jie
- Radiotherapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaobei Yang
- Department of Anorectal, Urumqi City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Anorectal, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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13
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Wang Y, Jiang T, Xie L, Wang H, Zhao J, Xu L, Fang C. Effect of pulsed field ablation on solid tumor cells and microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899722. [PMID: 36081554 PMCID: PMC9447365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed field ablation can increase membrane permeability and is an emerging non-thermal ablation. While ablating tumor tissues, electrical pulses not only act on the membrane structure of cells to cause irreversible electroporation, but also convert tumors into an immune active state, increase the permeability of microvessels, inhibit the proliferation of pathological blood vessels, and soften the extracellular matrix thereby inhibiting infiltrative tumor growth. Electrical pulses can alter the tumor microenvironment, making the inhibitory effect on the tumor not limited to short-term killing, but mobilizing the collective immune system to inhibit tumor growth and invasion together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian’an Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tian’an Jiang,
| | - Liting Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Fang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Zhang M, Fang Z, Cui M, Liu K. Multifunctional Metal Complex-based Gene Delivery for tumor immune checkpoint blockade combination therapy. J Drug Target 2022; 30:753-766. [PMID: 35311603 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2056186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blocking based on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has shown exciting results in various types of cancer. However, due to the off-target effect of PD-1/PD-L1 blocker, low tumor immunogenicity and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, a significant proportion of patients do not benefit from this treatment. Here, we constructed a novel multifunctional metal complex Fe/PEI-Tn by the coordination of polyethyleneimine (PEI) with Fe3+ and the modification of bifunctional peptides Tn containing the cell penetrating peptide (TAT) and nuclear localization signal peptide (NLS), which was coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to prolong the circulation time in vivo. Fe/PEI-Tn can condensate PD-L1 trap plasmid (pPD-L1 trap) and mediate PD-L1 trap protein expression in tumor tissues in situ, thus blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Besides, Fe/PEI-Tn metal complex itself can act as an immune adjuvant to activate macrophages, reverse the phenotype of pro-tumor M2-type macrophages, and promote anti-tumor immunity. Meanwhile, Fe/PEI-Tn treatment can induce damage in tumor cells and release tumor-specific antigens into tumor microenvironment, thus stimulating anti-tumor immune response. Studies showed that HA/Fe/PEI-Tn/pPD-L1 trap complexes could promote the immune activation of tumor tissues and effectively delay tumor growth. This strategy provides a new direction for tumor combination therapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Biopharmacy, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biopharmacy, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingxiao Cui
- Department of Biopharmacy, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Department of Biopharmacy, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road, Shanghai 201306, China
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15
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Novickij V, Zinkevizčienė A, Radzevičiūtė E, Kulbacka J, Rembiałkowska N, Novickij J, Girkontaitė I. Bioluminescent Calcium Mediated Detection of Nanosecond Electroporation: Grasping the Differences Between 100 ns and 100 µs Pulses. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Kavaliauskaitė J, Kazlauskaitė A, Lazutka JR, Mozolevskis G, Stirkė A. Pulsed Electric Fields Alter Expression of NF-κB Promoter-Controlled Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010451. [PMID: 35008875 PMCID: PMC8745616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to artificially adjust and fine-tune gene expression is one of the key milestones in bioengineering, synthetic biology, and advanced medicine. Since the effects of proteins or other transgene products depend on the dosage, controlled gene expression is required for any applications, where even slight fluctuations of the transgene product impact its function or other critical cell parameters. In this context, physical techniques demonstrate optimistic perspectives, and pulsed electric field technology is a potential candidate for a noninvasive, biophysical gene regulator, exploiting an easily adjustable pulse generating device. We exposed mammalian cells, transfected with a NF-κB pathway-controlled transcription system, to a range of microsecond-duration pulsed electric field parameters. To prevent toxicity, we used protocols that would generate relatively mild physical stimulation. The present study, for the first time, proves the principle that microsecond-duration pulsed electric fields can alter single-gene expression in plasmid context in mammalian cells without significant damage to cell integrity or viability. Gene expression might be upregulated or downregulated depending on the cell line and parameters applied. This noninvasive, ligand-, cofactor-, nanoparticle-free approach enables easily controlled direct electrostimulation of the construct carrying the gene of interest; the discovery may contribute towards the path of simplification of the complexity of physical systems in gene regulation and create further synergies between electronics, synthetic biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kavaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Auksė Kazlauskaitė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Gatis Mozolevskis
- Laboratory of Prototyping of Electronic and Photonic Devices, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Prototyping of Electronic and Photonic Devices, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Guo S, Burcus NI, Scott M, Jing Y, Semenov I. The role of reactive oxygen species in the immunity induced by nano-pulse stimulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23745. [PMID: 34887493 PMCID: PMC8660900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of tumor cells treated with Nano-Pulse Stimulation (NPS). Recently, ROS have been suggested as a contributing factor in immunogenic cell death and T cell-mediated immunity. This research further investigated the role of NPS induced ROS in antitumor immunity. ROS production in 4T1-luc breast cancer cells was characterized using three detection reagents, namely, Amplex Red, MitoSox Red, and Dihydroethidium. The efficiency of ROS quenching was evaluated in the presence or absence of ROS scavengers and/or antioxidants. The immunogenicity of NPS treated tumor cells was assessed by ex vivo dendritic cell activation, in vivo vaccination assay and in situ vaccination with NPS tumor ablation. We found that NPS treatment enhanced the immunogenicity of 4T1-luc mouse mammary tumor, resulted in a potent in situ vaccination protection and induced long-term T cell immunity. ROS production derived from NPS treated breast cancer cells was an electric pulse dose-dependent phenomenon. Noticeably, the dynamic pattern of hydrogen peroxide production was different from that of superoxide production. Interestingly, regardless of NPS treatment, different ROS scavengers could either block or promote ROS production and stimulate or inhibit tumor cell growth. The activation of dendritic cells was not influenced by blocking ROS generation. The results from in vivo vaccination with NPS treated cancer cells suggests that ROS generation was not a prerequisite for immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA.
| | - Niculina I. Burcus
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - Megan Scott
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - Yu Jing
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
| | - Iurii Semenov
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
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18
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Steelman ZA, Coker ZN, Kiester A, Noojin G, Ibey BL, Bixler JN. Quantitative phase microscopy monitors subcellular dynamics in single cells exposed to nanosecond pulsed electric fields. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100125. [PMID: 34291579 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A substantial body of literature exists to study the dynamics of single cells exposed to short duration (<1 μs), high peak power (~1 MV/m) transient electric fields. Much of this research is limited to traditional fluorescence-based microscopy techniques, which introduce exogenous agents to the culture and are only sensitive to a single molecular target. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a coherent imaging modality which uses optical path length as a label-free contrast mechanism, and has proven highly effective for the study of single-cell dynamics. In this work, we introduce QPI as a useful imaging tool for the study of cells undergoing cytoskeletal remodeling after nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) exposure. In particular, we use cell swelling, dry mass and disorder strength measurements derived from QPI phase images to monitor the cellular response to nsPEFs. We hope this demonstration of QPI's utility will lead to a further adoption of the technique for the study of directed energy bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Steelman
- National Research Council Research Associateship Program, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Zachary N Coker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- SAIC, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Allen Kiester
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Bennett L Ibey
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joel N Bixler
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Bioeffects Division, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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19
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Zamponi M, Petrella R, Mollica PA. Picosecond Pulsed Electric Fields and Promise in Neurodegeneration Research. Bioelectricity 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2021.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zamponi
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Ross Petrella
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter A. Mollica
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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20
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Kim V, Gudvangen E, Kondratiev O, Redondo L, Xiao S, Pakhomov AG. Peculiarities of Neurostimulation by Intense Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields: How to Avoid Firing in Peripheral Nerve Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137051. [PMID: 34208945 PMCID: PMC8269031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense pulsed electric fields (PEF) are a novel modality for the efficient and targeted ablation of tumors by electroporation. The major adverse side effects of PEF therapies are strong involuntary muscle contractions and pain. Nanosecond-range PEF (nsPEF) are less efficient at neurostimulation and can be employed to minimize such side effects. We quantified the impact of the electrode configuration, PEF strength (up to 20 kV/cm), repetition rate (up to 3 MHz), bi- and triphasic pulse shapes, and pulse duration (down to 10 ns) on eliciting compound action potentials (CAPs) in nerve fibers. The excitation thresholds for single unipolar but not bipolar stimuli followed the classic strength–duration dependence. The addition of the opposite polarity phase for nsPEF increased the excitation threshold, with symmetrical bipolar nsPEF being the least efficient. Stimulation by nsPEF bursts decreased the excitation threshold as a power function above a critical duty cycle of 0.1%. The threshold reduction was much weaker for symmetrical bipolar nsPEF. Supramaximal stimulation by high-rate nsPEF bursts elicited only a single CAP as long as the burst duration did not exceed the nerve refractory period. Such brief bursts of bipolar nsPEF could be the best choice to minimize neuromuscular stimulation in ablation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Kim
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
| | - Emily Gudvangen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
| | | | - Luis Redondo
- Lisbon Engineering Superior Institute, GIAAPP/ISEL, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Shu Xiao
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Andrei G. Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (V.K.); (E.G.); (S.X.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Interference targeting of bipolar nanosecond electric pulses for spatially focused electroporation, electrostimulation, and tissue ablation. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107876. [PMID: 34171507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation and electroporation by nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) are distinguished by a phenomenon of bipolar cancellation, which stands for a reduced efficiency of bipolar pulses compared to unipolar ones. When two pairs of stimulating electrodes are arrayed in a quadrupole, bipolar cancellation inhibits nsEP effects near the electrodes, where the electric field is the strongest. Two properly shaped and synchronized bipolar nsEP overlay into a unipolar pulse towards the center of the electrode array, thus canceling the bipolar cancellation (a "CANCAN effect"). High efficiency of the re-created unipolar nsEP outweighs the weakening of the electric field with distance and focuses nsEP effects to the center. In monolayers of CHO, BPAE, and HEK cells, CANCAN effect achieved by the interference of two bipolar nsEP enhanced electroporation up to tenfold, with a peak at the quadrupole center. Introducing a time interval between bipolar nsEP prevented the formation of a unipolar pulse and eliminated the CANCAN effect. Strong electroporation by CANCAN stimuli killed cells over the entire area encompassed by the electrodes, whereas the time-separated pulses caused ablation only in the strongest electric field near the electrodes. The CANCAN approach is promising for uniform tumor ablation and stimulation targeting away from electrodes.
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22
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Batista Napotnik T, Polajžer T, Miklavčič D. Cell death due to electroporation - A review. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107871. [PMID: 34147013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses increases transiently membrane permeability through membrane electroporation. Electroporation can be reversible and is used in gene transfer and enhanced drug delivery but can also lead to cell death. Electroporation resulting in cell death (termed as irreversible electroporation) has been successfully used as a new non-thermal ablation method of soft tissue such as tumours or arrhythmogenic heart tissue. Even though the mechanisms of cell death can influence the outcome of electroporation-based treatments due to use of different electric pulse parameters and conditions, these are not elucidated yet. We review the mechanisms of cell death after electroporation reported in literature, cell injuries that may lead to cell death after electroporation and membrane repair mechanisms involved. The knowledge of membrane repair and cell death mechanisms after cell exposure to electric pulses, targets of electric field in cells need to be identified to optimize existing and develop of new electroporation-based techniques used in medicine, biotechnology, and food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Batista Napotnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Polajžer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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23
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Zhang M, Wang W, Mohammadniaei M, Zheng T, Zhang Q, Ashley J, Liu S, Sun Y, Tang BZ. Upregulating Aggregation-Induced-Emission Nanoparticles with Blood-Tumor-Barrier Permeability for Precise Photothermal Eradication of Brain Tumors and Induction of Local Immune Responses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008802. [PMID: 33893670 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared to other tumors, glioblastoma (GBM) is extremely difficult to treat. Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has demonstrated advanced therapeutic efficacy; however, because of the relatively low tissue-penetration efficiency of laser light, its application in deep-seated tumors remains challenging. Herein, bradykinin (BK) aggregation-induced-emission nanoparticles (BK@AIE NPs) are synthesized; these offer selective penetration through the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) and strong absorbance in the near-infrared region (NIR). The BK ligand can prompt BTB adenosine receptor activation, which enhances transportation and accumulation inside tumors, as confirmed by T1 -weighted magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. The BK@AIE NPs exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency under 980 nm NIR laser irradiation, facilitating the treatment of deep-seated tumors. Tumor progression can be effectively inhibited to extend the survival span of mice after spatiotemporal PTT. NIR irradiation can eradicate tumor tissues and release tumor-associated antigens. It is observed that the PTT treatment of GBM-bearing mice activates natural killer cells, CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages in the GBM area, increasing the therapeutic efficacy. This study demonstrates that NIR-assisted BK@AIE NPs represent a promising strategy for the improved systematic elimination of GBMs and the activation of local brain immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jon Ashley
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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Coleman CN, Buchsbaum JC, Prasanna PGS, Capala J, Obcemea C, Espey MG, Ahmed MM, Hong JA, Vikram B. Moving Forward in the Next Decade: Radiation Oncology Sciences for Patient-Centered Cancer Care. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab046. [PMID: 34350377 PMCID: PMC8328099 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a time of rapid advances in science and technology, the opportunities for radiation oncology are undergoing transformational change. The linkage between and understanding of the physical dose and induced biological perturbations are opening entirely new areas of application. The ability to define anatomic extent of disease and the elucidation of the biology of metastases has brought a key role for radiation oncology for treating metastatic disease. That radiation can stimulate and suppress subpopulations of the immune response makes radiation a key participant in cancer immunotherapy. Targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy delivers radiation systemically with radionuclides and carrier molecules selected for their physical, chemical, and biochemical properties. Radiation oncology usage of “big data” and machine learning and artificial intelligence adds the opportunity to markedly change the workflow for clinical practice while physically targeting and adapting radiation fields in real time. Future precision targeting requires multidimensional understanding of the imaging, underlying biology, and anatomical relationship among tissues for radiation as spatial and temporal “focused biology.” Other means of energy delivery are available as are agents that can be activated by radiation with increasing ability to target treatments. With broad applicability of radiation in cancer treatment, radiation therapy is a necessity for effective cancer care, opening a career path for global health serving the medically underserved in geographically isolated populations as a substantial societal contribution addressing health disparities. Understanding risk and mitigation of radiation injury make it an important discipline for and beyond cancer care including energy policy, space exploration, national security, and global partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Norman Coleman
- Correspondence to: C. Norman Coleman, MD, Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, MSC 9727, Bethesda, MD 20892-9727, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Jeffrey C Buchsbaum
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pataje G S Prasanna
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacek Capala
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ceferino Obcemea
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Espey
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mansoor M Ahmed
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Hong
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bhadrasain Vikram
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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He C, Sun S, Zhang Y, Xie F, Li S. The role of irreversible electroporation in promoting M1 macrophage polarization via regulating the HMGB1-RAGE-MAPK axis in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1897295. [PMID: 33763295 PMCID: PMC7954423 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1897295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an effective method for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It remains unclear whether IRE can induce a specific immune response by stimulating macrophages. Here, the associated markers of macrophages were analyzed after exposure to tumor culture supernatant (TSN) of tumor cells treated with electroporation. Subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC models were also used to evaluate the effect of macrophage polarization induced by IRE. Aside from its direct killing effect, IRE could induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells by increasing the synthesis and secretion of damage associated molecular patterns. Moreover, IRE could increase the release of HMGB1, which activates the MAPK-p38 pathway and leads to the increased expression of M1 markers in macrophages, through binding to the receptor of the advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) receptor. M1 polarization was inhibited by the inhibitors of HMGB1 release, the RAGE receptor, and the MAPK-p38 signaling pathway, but it was activated by rHMGB1 or the stimulator of MAPK-p38. In addition, the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization was enhanced by the positive-feedback release or expression of HMGB1 and RAGE through the MAPK-ERK pathway in macrophages. The promotion of M1 macrophage polarization induced by IRE provided a specific rationale for the combination of IRE and immune therapy in treating PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fengxiao Xie
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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26
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Poudel A, Oludiran A, Sözer EB, Casciola M, Purcell EB, Muratori C. Growth in a biofilm sensitizes Cutibacterium acnes to nanosecond pulsed electric fields. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107797. [PMID: 33773215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a commensal of the human skin, but also an opportunistic pathogen that contributes to the pathophysiology of the skin disease acne vulgaris. C. acnes can form biofilms; cells in biofilms are more resilient to antimicrobial stresses. Acne therapeutic options such as topical or systemic antimicrobial treatments often show incomplete responses. In this study we measured the efficacy of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF), a new promising cell and tissue ablation technology, to inactivate C. acnes. Our results show that all tested nsPEF doses (250 to 2000 pulses, 280 ns pulses, 28 kV/cm, 5 Hz; 0.5 to 4 kJ/ml) failed to inactivate planktonic C. acnes and that pretreatment with lysozyme, a naturally occurring cell-wall-weakening enzyme, increased C. acnes vulnerability to nsPEF. Surprisingly, growth in a biofilm appears to sensitize C. acnes to nsPEF-induced stress, as C. acnes biofilm-derived cells showed increased cell death after nsPEF treatments that did not affect planktonic cells. Biofilm inactivation by nsPEF was confirmed by treating intact biofilms grown on glass coverslips with an indium oxide conductive layer. Altogether our results show that, contrary to other antimicrobial agents, nsPEF kill more efficiently bacteria in biofilms than planktonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Poudel
- Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, USA
| | - Adenrele Oludiran
- Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, USA
| | - Esin B Sözer
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, USA
| | - Maura Casciola
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, USA; Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Erin B Purcell
- Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, USA.
| | - Claudia Muratori
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, USA.
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27
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Taibi A, Perrin ML, Albouys J, Jacques J, Yardin C, Durand-Fontanier S, Bardet SM. 10 ns PEFs induce a histological response linked to cell death and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in an immunocompetent mouse model of peritoneal metastasis. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1220-1237. [PMID: 33677709 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) could be an effective therapeutic strategy for peritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the sensitivity of CT-26 CRC cells to nsPEFs in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, and to observe the subsequent in vivo histologic response. METHODS In vitro cellular assays were performed to assess the effects of exposure to 1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 10 ns pulses in a cuvette or bi-electrode system at 10 and 200 Hz. nsPEF treatment was applied alone or in combination with oxaliplatin and mitomycin. Cell death was detected by flow cytometry, and permeabilization and intracellular calcium levels by fluorescent confocal microscopy after treatment. A mouse model of PM was used to investigate the effects of in vivo exposure to pulses delivered using a bi-electrode system; morphological changes in mitochondria were assessed by electron microscopy. Fibrosis was measured by multiphoton microscopy, while the histological response (HR; hematoxylin-eosin-safran stain), proliferation (KI67, DAPI), and expression of immunological factors (CD3, CD4, CD8) were evaluated by classic histology. RESULTS 10 ns PEFs exerted a dose-dependent effect on CT-26 cells in vitro and in vivo, by inducing cell death and altering mitochondrial morphology after plasma membrane permeabilization. In vivo results indicated a specific CD8+ T cell immune response, together with a strong HR according to the Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS). CONCLUSIONS The effects of nsPEFs on CT-26 were confirmed in a mouse model of CRC with PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taibi
- Digestive Surgery Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - M-L Perrin
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - J Albouys
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000, Limoges, France.,Gastroenterology Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - J Jacques
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000, Limoges, France.,Gastroenterology Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - C Yardin
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000, Limoges, France.,Cytology and Histology Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - S Durand-Fontanier
- Digestive Surgery Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France.,Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - S M Bardet
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, 87000, Limoges, France.
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28
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The bovine dialysable leukocyte extract IMMUNEPOTENT CRP induces immunogenic cell death in breast cancer cells leading to long-term antitumour memory. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1398-1410. [PMID: 33531687 PMCID: PMC8039030 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer recurrence is a serious problem in breast cancer (BC) patients, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been proposed as a strategy to overcome this recurrence. IMMUNEPOTENT CRP (ICRP) acts as an immunomodulator and can be cytotoxic to cancer cells. Thus, we evaluated if ICRP induces ICD in BC cells. Methods Immunogenicity of ICRP-induced cell death was evaluated in vitro, analysing the principal biochemical characteristics of ICD in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells. Ex vivo, we assessed the ability of killed cancer cells (KCC) obtained from ICRP-treated 4T1 cells (ICRP-KCC) to induce DC maturation, T-cell priming and T-cell-mediated cancer cytotoxicity. In vivo, we evaluated tumour establishment and antitumour immune memory after prophylactic ICRP-KCC vaccination in BALB/c mice. Results ICRP induced caspase-independent, ROS-dependent cell death, autophagosome formation, P-eIF2α, chaperone protein exposure, CD47 loss, ATP and HMBG1 release in BC cells. Additionally, ICRP-KCC promoted DC maturation, which triggered T-cell priming and cancer cytotoxicity. Prophylactic vaccination with ICRP-KCC prevented tumour establishment and induced long-term antitumour memory in BALB/c mice, involving DC maturation in lymph nodes, CD8+ T-cell augmentation in lymph nodes, peripheral blood and tumour site and ex vivo tumour-specific cytotoxicity by splenocytes. Conclusions ICRP induces ICD in BC cells, leading to long-term antitumour memory.
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Rols MP, Golzio M, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J. Electric Field Based Therapies in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113420. [PMID: 33218021 PMCID: PMC7698628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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30
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Wang W, Dong X, Liu Y, Ni B, Sai N, You L, Sun M, Yao Y, Qu C, Yin X, Ni J. Itraconazole exerts anti-liver cancer potential through the Wnt, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and ROS pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110661. [PMID: 32942154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with the highest morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to develop new anti-liver cancer drugs. Itraconazole is a popular systemic anti-fungal drug with a strong anti-tumor effect. However, so far, it is not clear whether itraconazole has specific anti-tumor effect on liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate itraconazole resistant effect of liver cancer and to explore its potential anti-cancer mechanism. The effect of itraconazole on the proliferation of liver cancer cells was studied with MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effect of itraconazole on apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, after DAPI staining, nuclear morphological changes were observed under the fluorescent microscope, and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured using the microplate reader. Finally, the expressions of proteins related to the anti-tumor signaling pathway were determined by Western blotting. The results showed that itraconazole significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 and Bel-7405 cells. In addition, the data showed that itraconazole induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, increased the production of ROS, blocked cell cycle, and decreased MMP. Furthermore, itraconazole inhibited HCC cell growth and promoted apoptosis through the Hh, Wnt/catenin, AKT/mTOR/S6K, ROS and death receptor pathways. Finally, we come to the conclusion that itraconazole exerts anti-liver cancer effect, and has potential for use as a new drug for liver cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - XiaoXv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Boran Ni
- Section II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy, Department of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China; School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
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Analysis of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules due to electroporation of cells in vitro. Radiol Oncol 2020; 54:317-328. [PMID: 32726295 PMCID: PMC7409611 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells can die via immunogenic cell death pathway, in which damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are released from the cells. These molecules activate cells involved in the immune response. Both innate and adaptive immune response can be activated, causing a destruction of the remaining infected cells. Activation of immune response is also an important component of tumor treatment with electrochemotherapy (ECT) and irreversible electroporation (IRE). We thus explored, if and when specific DAMPs are released as a consequence of electroporation in vitro. Materials and methods In this in vitro study, 100 μs long electric pulses were applied to a suspension of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The release of DAMPs - specifically: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), calreticulin, nucleic acids and uric acid was investigated at different time points after exposing the cells to electric pulses of different amplitudes. The release of DAMPs was statistically correlated with cell permeabilization and cell survival, e.g. reversible and irreversible electroporation. Results In general, the release of DAMPs increases with increasing pulse amplitude. Concentration of DAMPs depend on the time interval between exposure of the cells to pulses and the analysis. Concentrations of most DAMPs correlate strongly with cell death. However, we detected no uric acid in the investigated samples. Conclusions Release of DAMPs can serve as a marker for prediction of cell death. Since the stability of certain DAMPs is time dependent, this should be considered when designing protocols for detecting DAMPs after electric pulse treatment.
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32
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Role of autophagy in regulation of cancer cell death/apoptosis during anti-cancer therapy: focus on autophagy flux blockade. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:475-488. [PMID: 32458284 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation process in which the cytoplasmic cargoes are delivered to the lysosomes for degradation. As the cargoes are degraded/recycled, the autophagy process maintains the cellular homeostasis. Anti-cancer therapies induce apoptosis and autophagy concomitantly, and the induced autophagy normally prevents stress responses that are being induced. In such cases, the inhibition of autophagy can be a reasonable strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. However, recent studies have shown that autophagy induced by anti-cancer drugs causes cell death/apoptosis induction, indicating a controversial role of autophagy in cancer cell survival or death/apoptosis. Therefore, in the present review, we aimed to assess the signaling mechanisms involved in autophagy and cell death/apoptosis induction during anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes the process of autophagy, autophagy flux and its blockade, and measurement and interpretation of autophagy flux. Further, it describes the signaling pathways involved in the blockade of autophagy flux and the role of signaling molecules accumulated by autophagy blockade in cell death/apoptosis in various cancer cells during anti-cancer therapies. Altogether, it implies that factors such as types of cancer, drug therapies, and characteristics of autophagy should be evaluated before targeting autophagy for cancer treatment.
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