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Nair A, Singh R, Gautam N, Saxena S, Mittal S, Shah S, Talegaonkar S. Multifaceted role of phytoconstituents based nano drug delivery systems in combating TNBC: A paradigm shift from chemical to natural. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03234-0. [PMID: 38953968 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is considered to be a malignancy of grave concern with limited routes of treatment due to the absence of specific breast cancer markers and ambiguity of other potential drug targets. Poor prognosis and inadequate survival rates have prompted further research into the understanding of the molecular pathophysiology and targeting of the disease. To overcome the recurrence and resistance mechanisms of the TNBC cells, various approaches have been devised, and are being continuously evaluated to enhance their efficacy and safety. Chemo-Adjuvant therapy is one such treatment modality being employed to improve the efficiency of standard chemotherapy. Combining chemo-adjuvant therapy with other upcoming approaches of cancer therapeutics such as phytoconstituents and nanotechnology has yielded promising results in the direction of improving the prognosis of TNBC. Numerous nanoformulations have been proven to substantially enhance the specificity and cellular uptake of drugs by cancer cells, thus reducing the possibility of unintended systemic side effects within cancer patients. While phytoconstituents offer a wide variety of beneficial active constituents useful in cancer therapeutics, most favorable outcomes have been observed within the scope of polyphenols, isoquinoline alkaloids and isothiocyanates. With an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TNBC and the advent of newer targeting technologies and novel phytochemicals of medicinal importance, a new era of cancer theranostic treatments can be explored. This review hopes to instantiate the current body of research regarding the role of certain phytoconstituents and their potential nanoformulations in targeting specific TNBC pathways for treatment and diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Roshni Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Saxena
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, U.P, Noida, 201303, India.
| | - Sadia Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 17, Delhi, India.
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Jiang J, Wang L, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang Z. HIV-1 gp120 amplifies astrocyte elevated gene-1 activity to compromise the integrity of the outer blood-retinal barrier. AIDS 2024; 38:779-789. [PMID: 38578957 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the functions and mechanistic pathways of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) in the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) caused by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. DESIGN We utilized ARPE-19 cells challenged with gp120 as our model system. METHODS Several analytical techniques were employed to decipher the intricate interactions at play. These included PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays for the molecular characterization, and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements to evaluate barrier integrity. RESULTS We observed that AEG-1 expression was elevated, whereas the expression levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin5 were downregulated in gp120-challenged cells. TEER measurements corroborated these findings, indicating barrier dysfunction. Additional mechanistic studies revealed that the activation of NFκB and MMP2/9 pathways mediated the AEG-1-induced barrier destabilization. Through the use of lentiviral vectors, we engineered cell lines with modulated AEG-1 expression levels. Silencing AEG-1 alleviated gp120-induced downregulation of tight junction proteins and barrier impairment while concurrently inhibiting the NFκB and MMP2/9 pathways. Conversely, overexpression of AEG-1 exacerbated these pathological changes, further compromising the integrity of the BRB. CONCLUSION Gp120 upregulates the expression of AEG-1 and activates the NFκB and MMP2/9 pathways. This in turn leads to the downregulation of tight junction proteins, resulting in the disruption of barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chang Y, Jia HQ, Xu B, Yang L, Xu YT, Zhang JY, Wang MQ, Yang LX, Song ZC. Metadherin inhibits chemosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer to paclitaxel via activation of AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14416. [PMID: 38093418 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an aggressive clinical course, and paclitaxel (PTX)-based chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic drug. Metadherin (MTDH) acts as an oncogene that regulates proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. This study aimed to investigate whether TNBC chemosensitivity to PTX was related to the MTDH/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) pathway. Clinical baseline characteristics and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate the expression and prognosis of MTDH and AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) in TNBC patient samples. MTDH shRNA, MTDH overexpression vector, MK-2206, and PTX intervention were used in cell models and mouse tumor-bearing models. Afterwards, mRNA and protein levels were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Evaluate the level of tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry. Cell viability was detected using Cell Count Kit 8. The in vivo imaging system is used to analyze the growth of tumors. We found that higher expression of MTDH or AKT resulted in poorer disease-free survival and a lower Miller-Payne grade. MTDH promotes cell proliferation and increases p-AKT and p-GSK-3β expression in TNBC cells. Notably, suppression of AKT terminated MTDH overexpression-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis. MTDH knockdown or the AKT inhibitor MK2206 reduced the p-AKT and p-GSK-3β ratio, reduced cell viability and proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and increased chemosensitivity to PTX. In vivo, xenograft tumors of an MTDH knockdown+MK2206 group treated with PTX were the smallest compared to other groups. In short, MTDH inhibits TNBC chemosensitivity to PTX by activating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chang
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qin Jia
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Tong Xu
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Qi Wang
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Molecular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xian Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Song
- Department of Breast Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Molecular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Du J, Jin L, Pan L, Yan X, Lin S. Iberverin exhibits antineoplastic activities against human hepatocellular carcinoma via DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-related apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1326346. [PMID: 38152688 PMCID: PMC10751328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1326346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates in the world. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), bioactive substances present primarily in the plant order Brassicales, have been proved to be promising candidates for novel anti-HCC drugs with chemopreventive and anticancer activities. Iberverin, a predominant ITC isolated from the seeds of oxheart cabbage, has been discovered with anticancer property in lung cancer cells. However, the roles of iberverin in HCC remain elusive. In the present study, the effect and potential mechanisms of iberverin against human HCC were dissected. We demonstrated that low concentrations of iberverin inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed migration and induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis in vitro, and hampered tumorigenicity in vivo, with no obvious toxicity. Furthermore, we found that iberverin treatment induced DNA damage and G2/M phase arrest. Iberverin treatment also caused increased intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and glutathione depletion. Taken together, these results suggest that iberverin promotes mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and induces DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest in HCC by enhancing oxidative stress. Our findings provide better understanding of the anti-HCC mechanisms of ITCs and the potential for the natural product iberverin as a promising new anti-HCC biotherapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao Du
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liying Pan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sue Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Doustmihan A, Fathi M, Mazloomi M, Salemi A, Hamblin MR, Jahanban-Esfahlan R. Molecular targets, therapeutic agents and multitasking nanoparticles to deal with cancer stem cells: A narrative review. J Control Release 2023; 363:57-83. [PMID: 37739017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that malignant tumors are initiated and maintained by a sub-population of tumor cells that have similar biological properties to normal adult stem cells. This very small population of Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) comprises tumor initiating cells responsible for cancer recurrence, drug resistance and metastasis. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, in addition to being potentially toxic and non-specific, may paradoxically increase the population, spread and survival of CSCs. Next-generation sequencing and omics technologies are increasing our understanding of the pathways and factors involved in the development of CSCs, and can help to discover new therapeutic targets against CSCs. In addition, recent advances in nanomedicine have provided hope for the development of optimal specific therapies to eradicate CSCs. Moreover, the use of artificial intelligence and nano-informatics can elucidate new drug targets, and help to design drugs and nanoparticles (NPs) to deal with CSCs. In this review, we first summarize the properties of CSCs and describe the signaling pathways and molecular characteristics responsible for the emergence and survival of CSCs. Also, the location of CSCs within the tumor and the effect of host factors on the creation and maintenance of CSCs are discussed. Newly discovered molecular targets involved in cancer stemness and some novel therapeutic compounds to combat CSCs are highlighted. The optimum properties of anti-CSC NPs, including blood circulation and stability, tumor accumulation and penetration, cellular internalization, drug release, endosomal escape, and aptamers designed for specific targeting of CSCs are covered. Finally, some recent smart NPs designed for therapeutic and theranostic purposes to overcome CSCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Doustmihan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - MirAhmad Mazloomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aysan Salemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shoaib S, Khan FB, Alsharif MA, Malik MS, Ahmed SA, Jamous YF, Uddin S, Tan CS, Ardianto C, Tufail S, Ming LC, Yusuf N, Islam N. Reviewing the Prospective Pharmacological Potential of Isothiocyanates in Fight against Female-Specific Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082390. [PMID: 37190316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in females worldwide. Despite the advancement of diagnostic tools as well as the availability of various therapeutic interventions, the incidence and mortality of female-specific cancers is still a life-threatening issue, prevailing as one of the major health problems worldwide. Lately, alternative medicines have garnered immense attention as a therapeutic intervention against various types of cancers, seemingly because of their safety profiles and enhanced effectiveness. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), specifically sulforaphane, benzyl isothiocyanate, and phenethyl isothiocyanate, have shown an intriguing potential to actively contribute to cancer cell growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, epigenetic alterations, and modulation of autophagy and cancer stem cells in female-specific cancers. Additionally, it has been shown that ITCs plausibly enhance the chemo-sensitization of many chemotherapeutic drugs. To this end, evidence has shown enhanced efficacy in combinatorial regimens with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and/or other phytochemicals. Reckoning with these, herein, we discuss the advances in the knowledge regarding the aspects highlighting the molecular intricacies of ITCs in female-specific cancers. In addition, we have also argued regarding the potential of ITCs either as solitary treatment or in a combinatorial therapeutic regimen for the prevention and/or treatment of female-specific cancers. Hopefully, this review will open new horizons for consideration of ITCs in therapeutic interventions that would undoubtedly improve the prognosis of the female-specific cancer clientele. Considering all these, it is reasonable to state that a better understanding of these molecular intricacies will plausibly provide a facile opportunity for treating these female-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shaheer Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Yahya F Jamous
- Vaccines and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha 2731, Qatar
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Saba Tufail
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Kim HY, Moon JY, Cho SK. Heptadecanoic Acid, an Odd-Chain Fatty Acid, Induces Apoptosis and Enhances Gemcitabine Chemosensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. J Med Food 2023; 26:201-210. [PMID: 36716276 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Odd-chain saturated fatty acids generally serve as specific biomarkers of dietary components and dairy intake, some of which have anticancer properties. This study was performed to assess the anticancer effects of heptadecanoic acid (HDNA) in human pancreatic carcinoma cells. MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay showed that HDNA exerted stronger cytotoxic effects than pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), and linoleic acid (18:2) on both Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, HDNA reduced colony formation and induced apoptosis in these pancreatic cancer cells as indicated by Hoechst 33342 staining, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting analysis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HDNA synergistically reduced cell viability and promoted apoptosis when combined with gemcitabine (GEM), a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. GEM-resistant MIA PaCa-2 (GR-MIA PaCa-2) cells with a resistance indices (RI) value of 215.09 [RI = half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GR-MIA PaCa-2 cells/IC50 of MIA PaCa-2 cells] were established, and the efficacy of HDNA on GEM chemosensitivity was confirmed. Surprisingly, HDNA exhibited even higher antiproliferative efficacy against GR-MIA PaCa-2 cells (IC50 = 71.45 ± 6.37 μM) than parental MIA PaCa-2 cells (IC50 = 77.47 ± 2.10 μM). Finally, HDNA treatment inhibited the Hippo pathway and induced apoptosis of GR-MIA PaCa-2 cells. These findings suggest the beneficial effects of a HDNA-rich diet during pancreatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeong Yong Moon
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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8
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Anticarcinogenic Effects of Isothiocyanates on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213834. [PMID: 36430307 PMCID: PMC9693344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for about 90% of cases. Sorafenib, lenvatinib, and the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab are considered first-line treatments for advanced HCC. However, clinical application of these drugs has also caused some adverse reactions such as hypertension, elevated aspartate aminotransferases, and proteinuria. At present, natural products and their derivatives have drawn more and more attention due to less side effects as cancer treatments. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are one type of hydrolysis products from glucosinolates (GLSs), secondary plant metabolites found exclusively in cruciferous vegetables. Accumulating evidence from encouraging in vitro and in vivo animal models has demonstrated that ITCs have multiple biological activities, especially their potentially health-promoting activities (antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic effects). In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize the chemopreventive, anticancer, and chemosensitizative effects of ITCs on HCC, and explain the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Evaluation of Phytochemical Content and the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Potentials of Leaf Layers of Cabbage Subjected to Hot Air and Freeze-Drying. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba), a cruciferous vegetable, is one of the most widely consumed vegetables worldwide. However, research on whether there are differences in its contents of phytochemicals and biological activities according to the drying method for each portion of the vegetable remains insufficient. The present study investigated the contents of representative polyphenols and isothiocyanates, the antioxidant capacity, and the antiproliferative effects among six leaf layers of cabbage subjected to hot air and freeze-drying. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that most phenolic and flavonoid bioactive compounds were significantly accumulated in the outer cabbage leaf layer (P1), whereas isothiocyanates were most abundant in the leaf layer close to the core of the head (P5). The contents of isothiocyanates, gallic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and myricetin were significantly higher in the hot air-dried sample than in the freeze-dried sample, whereas the contents of catechin hydrate, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and rutin hydrate were significantly higher in the freeze-dried sample. Compared to other leaf layers, P1 exhibited high antiproliferative efficacy against pancreatic, breast, and gastric cancer cells. P1 also showed excellent DPPH·(EC 50–4.208 ± 0.033 and 4.611 ± 0.053 mg/mL for hot air and freeze-dried samples, respectively) and ABTS· (2.422 ± 0.068 and 2.224 ± 0.070 mg/mL for hot air and freeze-dried samples, respectively) radical-scavenging effects. These results indicate that the contents of polyphenols and isothiocyanates in cabbage may vary depending on the leaf layer and the drying method. Our findings provide insight for applying appropriate food drying methods that can be used to produce cabbage leaf-based products with enhanced bioactivity.
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Alonso-González C, González-Abalde C, Menéndez-Menéndez J, González-González A, Álvarez-García V, González-Cabeza A, Martínez-Campa C, Cos S. Melatonin Modulation of Radiation-Induced Molecular Changes in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051088. [PMID: 35625825 PMCID: PMC9138876 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an important component of cancer treatment scheduled for cancer patients, although it can cause numerous deleterious effects. The use of adjuvant molecules aims to limit the damage in normal surrounding tissues and enhance the effects of radiation therapy, either killing tumor cells or slowing down their growth. Melatonin, an indoleamine released by the pineal gland, behaves as a radiosensitizer in breast cancer, since it enhances the therapeutic effects of ionizing radiation and mitigates side effects on normal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms through which melatonin modulates the molecular changes triggered by radiotherapy remain mostly unknown. Here, we report that melatonin potentiated the anti-proliferative effect of radiation in MCF-7 cells. Treatment with ionizing radiation induced changes in the expression of many genes. Out of a total of 25 genes altered by radiation, melatonin potentiated changes in 13 of them, whereas the effect was reverted in another 10 cases. Among them, melatonin elevated the levels of PTEN and NME1, and decreased the levels of SNAI2, ERBB2, AKT, SERPINE1, SFN, PLAU, ATM and N3RC1. We also analyzed the expression of several microRNAs and found that melatonin enhanced the effect of radiation on the levels of miR-20a, miR-19a, miR-93, miR-20b and miR-29a. Rather surprisingly, radiation induced miR-17, miR-141 and miR-15a but melatonin treatment prior to radiation counteracted this stimulatory effect. Radiation alone enhanced the expression of the cancer suppressor miR-34a, and melatonin strongly stimulated this effect. Melatonin further enhanced the radiation-mediated inhibition of Akt. Finally, in an in vivo assay, melatonin restrained new vascularization in combination with ionizing radiation. Our results confirm that melatonin blocks many of the undesirable effects of ionizing radiation in MCF-7 cells and enhances changes that lead to optimized treatment results. This article highlights the effectiveness of melatonin as both a radiosensitizer and a radioprotector in breast cancer. Melatonin is an effective adjuvant molecule to radiotherapy, promoting anti-cancer therapeutic effects in cancer treatment. Melatonin modulates molecular pathways altered by radiation, and its use in clinic might lead to improved therapeutic outcomes by enhancing the sensitivity of cancerous cells to radiation and, in general, reversing their resistance toward currently applied therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alonso-González
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (C.G.-A.); (J.M.-M.); (V.Á.-G.); (S.C.)
| | - Cristina González-Abalde
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (C.G.-A.); (J.M.-M.); (V.Á.-G.); (S.C.)
| | - Javier Menéndez-Menéndez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (C.G.-A.); (J.M.-M.); (V.Á.-G.); (S.C.)
| | - Alicia González-González
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Virginia Álvarez-García
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (C.G.-A.); (J.M.-M.); (V.Á.-G.); (S.C.)
| | - Alicia González-Cabeza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (C.G.-A.); (J.M.-M.); (V.Á.-G.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-C.); (C.M.-C.); Tel.: +34-942-201965 (A.G.-C.); +34-942-201963 (C.M.-C.)
| | - Carlos Martínez-Campa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (C.G.-A.); (J.M.-M.); (V.Á.-G.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-C.); (C.M.-C.); Tel.: +34-942-201965 (A.G.-C.); +34-942-201963 (C.M.-C.)
| | - Samuel Cos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.A.-G.); (C.G.-A.); (J.M.-M.); (V.Á.-G.); (S.C.)
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11
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Kim DK, Ediriweera MK, Davaatseren M, Hyun HB, Cho SK. Antioxidant activity of banana flesh and antiproliferative effect on breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:740-750. [PMID: 35311172 PMCID: PMC8907754 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bananas, one of the most widely consumed fruits worldwide, are a rich source of valuable phytochemicals. In this study, the antioxidant and the anticancer potential of banana flesh was investigated. Of the four kinds of banana flesh extracts, the hexane extract (HE) had the highest total polyphenol content (2.54 ± 0.60 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (1.69 ± 0.34 mg RE/g), followed by the chloroform fraction, total ethanol extract, and ethanol fraction. HE was found to exert a strong radical scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS•) free radicals. According to the IC50 values in various cancer cell lines, HE was found to possess the greatest cell growth inhibitory potential in human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells and human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. HE induced apoptosis in PANC-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as evidenced by the appearance of condensation of chromatin, proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and 7, and increase in the level of the cleaved form of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of HE identified several anticancer compounds including palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, campesterol, stigmasterol, and γ-sitosterol, supporting the anticancer potential of HE. Our investigation provides a rationale for the use of banana flesh to minimize the risk of cancer-like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kyeong Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and ScienceJeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea
| | - Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene BankJeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea
- Present address:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboColomboSri Lanka
| | | | - Ho Bong Hyun
- Biodiversity Research InstituteJeju TechnoparkJejuSouth Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and ScienceJeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene BankJeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Applied Life SciencesJeju National UniversityJejuSouth Korea
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12
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Lee H, To NB, Kim M, Nguyen YTK, Cho SK, Choi HK. Metabolic and lipidomic characterization of radioresistant MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells to investigate potential therapeutic targets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 208:114449. [PMID: 34749107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To provide preliminary insights into metabolic and lipidomic characteristics in radioresistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and suggest potential therapeutic targets, we performed a comprehensive metabolic and lipidomic profiling of radioresistant MDA-MB-231 (MDA-MB-231/RR) TNBC cells and their parental cells using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nano electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, followed by multivariate statistical analysis. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and radiation were co-treated to radioresistant TNBC cells. The level of glutathione (GSH) was significantly increased, and the levels of GSH synthesis-related metabolites, such as cysteine, glycine, and glutamine were also increased in MDA-MB-231/RR cells. In contrast, the level of lactic acid was significantly reduced. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was decreased in MDA-MB-231/RR cells. In the lipidomic profiles of MDA-MB-231/RR cells, the levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were significantly increased, whereas those of most of the phosphatidylinositol species were significantly decreased. BSO sensitized MDA-MB-231/RR cells to radiotherapy, which resulted in decreased GSH level and increased ROS level and apoptosis. Radioresistant TNBC cells showed distinct metabolic and lipidomic characteristics compared to their parental cells. We suggested activated GSH, PC, and PE biosynthesis pathways as potential targets for treating radioresistant TNBC cells. Particularly, enhanced radiosensitivity was achieved by inhibition of GSH biosynthesis in MDA-MB-231/RR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhui Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Bao To
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongsun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Thi-Kim Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Jia Y, Tian C, Wang H, Yu F, Lv W, Duan Y, Cheng Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu T, Wang J, Liu L. Long non-coding RNA NORAD/miR-224-3p/MTDH axis contributes to CDDP resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by promoting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:162. [PMID: 34893064 PMCID: PMC8662861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (CDDP)-based chemotherapy regimens are the most predominant treatment strategies for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to CDDP resistance, which results in treatment failure in ESCC patients. However, the majority of lncRNAs involved in CDDP resistance in ESCC remain to be elucidated. METHODS The public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE45670 was analysed to reveal potential lncRNAs involved in CDDP resistance of ESCC. Candidate upregulated lncRNAs were detected in ESCC specimens by qRT-PCR to identify crucial lncRNAs. Non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) was selected for further study. Kaplan-Meier analysis and a COX proportional regression model were performed to analyse the potential of NORAD for predicting prognosis of ESCC patients. The role of NORAD in CDDP resistance were determined by conducting gain and loss-of-function experiments in vitro. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine the subcellular location of NORAD in ESCC cells. A public GEO dataset and bioinformatic algorithms were used to predict the microRNAs (miRNAs) that might be latently sponged by NORAD. qRT-PCR was conducted to verify the expression of candidate miRNAs. Luciferase reporter and Argonaute-2 (Ago2)-RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were conducted to evaluate the interaction between NORAD and candidate miRNAs. A miRNA rescue experiment was performed to authenticate the NORAD regulatory axis and its effects on CDDP resistance in ESCC cells. Western blotting was conducted to confirm the precise downstream signalling pathway of NORAD. A xenograft mouse model was established to reveal the effect of NORAD on CDDP resistance in vivo. RESULTS The expression of NORAD was higher in CDDP-resistant ESCC tissues and cells than in CDDP-sensitive tissues and cells. NORAD expression was negatively correlated with the postoperative prognosis of ESCC patients who underwent CDDP-based chemotherapy. NORAD knockdown partially arrested CDDP resistance of ESCC cells. FISH showed that NORAD was located in the cytoplasm in ESCC cells. Furthermore, overlapping results from bioinformatic algorithms analyses and qRT-PCR showed that NORAD could sponge miR-224-3p in ESCC cells. Ago2-RIP demonstrated that NORAD and miR-224-3p occupied the same Ago2 to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and subsequently regulated the expression of metadherin (MTDH) in ESCC cells. The NORAD/miR-224-3p/MTDH axis promoted CDDP resistance and progression in ESCC cells by promoting nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS NORAD upregulates MTDH to promote CDDP resistance and progression in ESCC by sponging miR-224-3p. Our results highlight the potential of NORAD as a therapeutic target in ESCC patients receiving CDDP-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Jia
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Cong Tian
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Zishuo Cheng
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Xuexiao Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China. .,Cancer Research Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China. .,China International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
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14
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Kumar G, Du B, Chen J. Effects and mechanisms of dietary bioactive compounds on breast cancer prevention. Pharmacol Res 2021; 178:105974. [PMID: 34818569 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most often diagnosed cancer among females globally and has become an increasing global health issue over the last decades. Despite the substantial improvement in screening methods for initial diagnosis, effective therapy remains lacking. Still, there has been high recurrence and disease progression after treatment of surgery, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Considering this view, there is a crucial requirement to develop safe, freely accessible, and effective anticancer therapy for BC. The dietary bioactive compounds as auspicious anticancer agents have been recognized to be active and their implications in the treatment of BC with negligible side effects. Hence, this review focused on various dietary bioactive compounds as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of BC with the mechanisms of action. Bioactive compounds have chemo-preventive properties as they inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, downregulate the expression of estrogen receptors, and cell cycle arrest by inducing apoptotic settings in tumor cells. Therapeutic drugs or natural compounds generally incorporate engineered nanoparticles with ideal sizes, shapes, and enhance their solubility, circulatory half-life, and biodistribution. All data of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of dietary bioactive compounds and their impact on BC were collected from Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The data of chemopreventive and anticancer activity of dietary bioactive compounds were collected and orchestrated in a suitable place in the review. These shreds of data will be extremely beneficial to recognize a series of additional diet-derived bioactive compounds to treat BC with the lowest side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Kumar
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Silva VR, Santos LDS, Dias RB, Quadros CA, Bezerra DP. Emerging agents that target signaling pathways to eradicate colorectal cancer stem cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1275-1313. [PMID: 34791817 PMCID: PMC8696218 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The modern concept of cancer biology indicates that cancer is formed of a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which present both pluripotency and self-renewal properties. These cells are considered responsible for the progression of the disease, recurrence and tumor resistance. Interestingly, some cell signaling pathways participate in CRC survival, proliferation, and self-renewal properties, and most of them are dysregulated in CSCs, including the Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathways. In this review, we summarize the strategies for eradicating CRC stem cells by modulating these dysregulated pathways, which will contribute to the study of potential therapeutic schemes, combining conventional drugs with CSC-targeting drugs, and allowing better cure rates in anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdenizia R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Luciano de S Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Claudio A Quadros
- São Rafael Hospital, Rede D'Or/São Luiz, Salvador, Bahia, 41253-190, Brazil.,Bahia State University, Salvador, Bahia, 41150-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
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16
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Truong VNP, Nguyen YTK, Cho SK. Ampelopsin Suppresses Stem Cell Properties Accompanied by Attenuation of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Chemo- and Radio-Resistant MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080794. [PMID: 34451892 PMCID: PMC8400665 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampelopsin, also known as dihydromyricetin, is a commonly found flavonoid in medicinal plants. The cancer stem cell (CSC) population is a promising target for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, flavonoid screening was performed in the established MDA-MB-231/IR cell line, which is enriched in CSCs. Ampelopsin suppressed the proliferation and colony formation of stem cell-rich MDA-MB-231/IR, while inducing their apoptosis. Importantly, ampelopsin displayed an inhibitory impact on the stemness features of MDA-MB-231/IR cells, demonstrated by decreases in mammosphere formation, the CD44+/CD24-/low population, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and the levels of stem cell markers (e.g., CD44, MRP1, β-catenin, and KLF4). Ampelopsin also suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as evidenced by decreases in migration, invasion capacity, and mesenchymal markers, as well as an increase in the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Moreover, ampelopsin significantly impaired oxidative phosphorylation by reducing the oxygen consumption rate and adenosine triphosphate production in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. Notably, ampelopsin treatment significantly reduced the levels of the phosphorylated forms of IκBα and NF-κB p65, as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p65. These results demonstrated that ampelopsin prevents the TNF-α/NF-κB signaling axis in breast CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Nguyen-Phuong Truong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (V.N.-P.T.); (Y.T.-K.N.)
| | - Yen Thi-Kim Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (V.N.-P.T.); (Y.T.-K.N.)
| | - Somi-Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (V.N.-P.T.); (Y.T.-K.N.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-8660-1842
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17
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Targeting cancer stem cells by nutraceuticals for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:234-245. [PMID: 34273521 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumor progression and reoccurrence and drug resistance. Multiple signaling pathways have been revealed to be critically participated in CSC development and maintenance. Emerging evidence indicates that numerous chemopreventive compounds, also known as nutraceuticals, could eliminate CSCs in part via regulating several signaling pathways. Therefore, in this review, we will describe the some natural chemopreventive agents that target CSCs in a variety of human malignancies, including soy isoflavone, curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols, sulforaphane, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, withaferin A, apigenin, etc. Moreover, we discuss that eliminating CSCs by nutraceuticals might be a promising strategy for treating human cancer via overcoming drug resistance and reducing tumor reoccurrence.
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18
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Ngo SNT, Williams DB. Protective Effect of Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables on Breast Cancer: Epidemiological and Preclinical Perspectives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1413-1430. [PMID: 32972351 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200924104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of cruciferous vegetable intake on breast cancer survival is controversial at present. Glucosinolates are the naturally occurring constituents found across the cruciferous vegetables. Isothiocyanates are produced from the hydrolysis of glucosinolates and this reaction is catalysed by the plant-derived enzyme myrosinase. The main Isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables are sulforaphane, benzyl ITC, and phenethyl ITC, which had been intensively investigated over the last decade for their anti-breast cancer effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to systematically review the evidence from all types of studies, which examined the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their isothiocyanate constituents on breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 27 April 2020. Peer-reviewed studies of all types (in vitro studies, animal studies, and human studies) were selected. RESULTS The systematic literature search identified 16 human studies, 4 animal studies, and 65 in vitro studies. The effect of cruciferous vegetables and/or their ITCs intake on breast cancer survival was found to be controversial and varied greatly across human studies. Most of these trials were observational studies conducted in specific regions, mainly in the US and China. Substantial evidence from in vitro and animal studies was obtained, which strongly supported the protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs against breast cancer. Evidence from in vitro studies showed that sulforaphane and other ITCs reduced cancer cell viability and proliferation via multiple mechanisms and pathways. Isothiocyanates inhibited cell cycle, angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition, as well as induced apoptosis and altered the expression of phase II carcinogen detoxifying enzymes. These are the essential pathways that promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. Noticeably, benzyl ITC showed a significant inhibitory effect on breast cancer stem cells, a new dimension of chemo-resistance in breast cancer treatment. Sulforaphane and other ITCs displayed anti-breast cancer effects at variable range of concentrations and benzyl isothiocyanate appeared to have a relatively lower inhibitory concentration IC50. The mechanisms underlying the cancer protective effect of sulforaphane and other ITCs have also been highlighted in this article. CONCLUSION Current preclinical evidence strongly supports the role of sulforaphane and other ITCs as potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer, either as adjunct therapy or combined therapy with current anti-breast cancer drugs, with sulforaphane displaying the greatest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong N T Ngo
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5071, Australia
| | - Desmond B Williams
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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19
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Ediriweera MK, To NB, Lim Y, Cho SK. Odd-chain fatty acids as novel histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors. Biochimie 2021; 186:147-156. [PMID: 33965456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is closely associated with tumorigenesis and has emerged as a promising target for anti-cancer drugs. Some odd-chain fatty acids are present in trace levels in human tissue. Despite limited health benefits, there is increasing experimental evidence of nutritional benefits of odd-chain fatty acids. This study examines the effects of five odd-chain fatty acids (valeric, heptanoic, nonanoic, undecanoic, and pentadecanoic acid) as novel HDAC6 inhibitors. Examination of these fatty acids on the proliferation and clonogenic ability in various cancer cell lines revealed that pentadecanoic and undecanoic acid can strongly inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Heptanoic and nonanoic acid showed moderate anti-proliferative effects, while valeric acid demonstrated weak anti-proliferative effects. HDAC6 inhibitory activities were in the order of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) > undecanoic acid (C11:0) > nonanoic acid (C9:0) > heptanoic acid (C7:0) > valeric acid (C5:0), consistent with the anti-proliferative assay results. All of these fatty acids promoted the acetylation of α-tubulin in MCF-7 breast and A549 lung cancer cells dose-dependently. In-silico molecular docking analysis showed that increasing the aliphatic carbon chain length facilitates binding to HDAC6 residues, which might be important for the inhibitory potential of HDAC6. This study shows the potential utility of odd-chain fatty acids for epigenetic-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ngoc Bao To
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea.
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Paramanantham A, Jung EJ, Go SIL, Jeong BK, Jung JM, Hong SC, Kim GS, Lee WS. Activated ERK Signaling Is One of the Major Hub Signals Related to the Acquisition of Radiotherapy-Resistant MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094940. [PMID: 34066541 PMCID: PMC8124562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of deaths due to cancer, especially in women. The crucial barrier for breast cancer treatment is resistance to radiation therapy, one of the important local regional therapies. We previously established and characterized radio-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells) that harbor a high expression of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the EMT phenotype. In this study, we performed antibody array analysis to identify the hub signaling mechanism for the radiation resistance of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells by comparing parental MDA-MB-231 (p-MDA-MB-231) and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. Antibody array analysis unveiled that the MAPK1 protein was the most upregulated protein in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to in p-MDA-MB-231 cells. The pathway enrichment analysis also revealed the presence of MAPK1 in almost all enriched pathways. Thus, we used an MEK/ERK inhibitor, PD98059, to block the MEK/ERK pathway and to identify the role of MAPK1 in the radio-resistance of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells. MEK/ERK inhibition induced cell death in both p-MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, but the death mechanism for each cell was different; p-MDA-MB-231 cells underwent apoptosis, showing cell shrinkage and PARP-1 cleavage, while RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells underwent necroptosis, showing mitochondrial dissipation, nuclear swelling, and an increase in the expressions of CypA and AIF. In addition, MEK/ERK inhibition reversed the radio-resistance of RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells and suppressed the increased expression of CSC markers (CD44 and OCT3/4) and the EMT phenotype (β-catenin and N-cadherin/E-cadherin). Taken together, this study suggests that activated ERK signaling is one of the major hub signals related to the radio-resistance of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
- School of Veterinary and Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Jung
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
| | - Se-IL Go
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
| | - Bae Kwon Jeong
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Departments of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- School of Veterinary and Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwadong, Jinju 660-701, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.S.K.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-55-772-2356 (G.S.K.); +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.); Fax: +82-55-758-9122 (W.S.L.)
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 90 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-702, Korea; (A.P.); (E.J.J.); (S.-I.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.K.); (W.S.L.); Tel.: +82-55-772-2356 (G.S.K.); +82-55-750-8733 (W.S.L.); Fax: +82-55-758-9122 (W.S.L.)
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21
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Kim HY, Ediriweera MK, Boo KH, Kim CS, Cho SK. Effects of Cooking and Processing Methods on Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Broccoli Florets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050641. [PMID: 33922092 PMCID: PMC8143502 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of cooking (steaming and microwaving) and processing (freeze-drying and hot-air-drying) methods on the antioxidant activity of broccoli florets. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•), and alkyl• free radical scavenging assays were employed to assess anti-oxidant potentials. The cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 was studied using hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Anti-proliferative effects were assessed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. L-sulforaphane in broccoli extracts was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Steam and microwave treatments caused increases in total polyphenol content (TPC), whereas the total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased following steam treatment. A slight increase in TFC was observed in the microwaved samples. Extracts of all broccoli samples showed almost identical radical scavenging and cytoprotective effects. HPLC demonstrated that steamed (3 min)-freeze-dried (F-S3) and microwaved (2 min)-freeze-dried (F-M2) samples exhibited elevated levels of L-sulforaphane. In addition, the F-S3 and F-M2 extracts displayed strong anti-proliferative effects in MCF-7 cells, which correlated with L-sulforaphane content. As we observed no significant decrease in the antioxidant activity of broccoli florets, the cooking and processing methods and conditions studied here are recommended for broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.K.E.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Boo
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.K.E.); (K.-H.B.)
| | - Chang Sook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.K.E.); (K.-H.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-010-8660-1842
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22
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Identification of Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific Biomarkers by Integrating Copy Number Alterations and Gene Expression Profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030261. [PMID: 33809336 PMCID: PMC7998437 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease categorized into four subtypes. Previous studies have shown that copy number alterations of several genes are implicated with the development and progression of many cancers. This study evaluates the effects of DNA copy number alterations on gene expression levels in different breast cancer subtypes. Materials and Methods: We performed a computational analysis integrating copy number alterations and gene expression profiles in 1024 breast cancer samples grouped into four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and basal. Results: Our analyses identified several genes correlated in all subtypes such as KIAA1967 and MCPH1. In addition, several subtype-specific genes that showed a significant correlation between copy number and gene expression profiles were detected: SMARCB1, AZIN1, MTDH in luminal A, PPP2R5E, APEX1, GCN5 in luminal B, TNFAIP1, PCYT2, DIABLO in HER2, and FAM175B, SENP5, SCAF1 in basal subtype. Conclusions: This study showed that computational analyses integrating copy number and gene expression can contribute to unveil the molecular mechanisms of cancer and identify new subtype-specific biomarkers.
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23
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Zheng Q, Zhang M, Zhou F, Zhang L, Meng X. The Breast Cancer Stem Cells Traits and Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599965. [PMID: 33584277 PMCID: PMC7876385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present. Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the BC drugs resistance, causing relapse and metastasis in BC patients. Thus, BCSCs elimination could reverse drug resistance and improve drug efficacy to benefit BC patients. Consequently, mastering the knowledge on the proliferation, resistance mechanisms, and separation of BCSCs in BC therapy is extremely helpful for BCSCs-targeted therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize the principal BCSCs surface markers and signaling pathways, and list the BCSCs-related drug resistance mechanisms in chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and targeted therapy (TT), and display therapeutic strategies for targeting BCSCs to reverse drug resistance in BC. Even more importantly, more attention should be paid to studies on BCSC-targeted strategies to overcome the drug resistant dilemma of clinical therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Zhang M, Chen X, Radacsi N. New tricks of old drugs: Repurposing non-chemo drugs and dietary phytochemicals as adjuvants in anti-tumor therapies. J Control Release 2020; 329:96-120. [PMID: 33259852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy has long been applied to enhance therapeutic effect and deal with the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in cancer treatment. However, the overlapping toxicity of multiple anticancer drugs to healthy tissues and increasing financial burden on patients emerged as major concerns. As promising alternatives to chemo agents, repurposed non-chemo drugs and dietary phytochemicals have been investigated as adjuvants to conventional anti-tumor therapeutics, offering a safe and economic strategy for combination therapy. In this review, we aim to highlight the advances in research about combination therapy using conventional therapeutics and repurposed drugs or phytochemicals for an enhanced anti-tumor efficacy, along with the mechanisms involved in the synergism. Beyond these, we outlined the potential challenges and solutions for clinical translation of the proposed combination therapy, providing a safe and affordable strategy to improve the reach of cancer therapy to low income regions with such new tricks of old drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, University of Edinburgh, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom.
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25
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Ediriweera MK, Moon JY, Nguyen YTK, Cho SK. 10-Gingerol Targets Lipid Rafts Associated PI3K/Akt Signaling in Radio-Resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E3164. [PMID: 32664351 PMCID: PMC7397170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
10-gingerol is a major phenolic lipid found in the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Being amphiphilic in nature, phenolic lipids have the ability to incorporate into cell membranes and modulate membrane properties. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 10-gingerol on lipid raft/membrane raft modulation in radio-resistant triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231/IR) cells. The effects of 10-gingerol on MDA-MB-231/IR cells' proliferation, clonogenic growth, migration, and invasion were assayed using MTT, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion assays, respectively. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation was used to extract lipid rafts. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were employed to assess the effects of 10-gingerol on lipid raft/membrane raft modulation and lipid rafts-associated PI3K/Akt signaling. Cholesterol measurements were carried out using a commercially available kit. 10-gingerol suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis through targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. Moreover, 10-gingerol was found to modulate the lipid rafts of MDA-MB-231/IR cells and attenuate the key PI3K/Akt signaling components in lipid rafts. The cholesterol content of the lipid rafts and rafts-resident Akt signaling were also affected by exposure to 10-gingerol. The results of the present study highlight rafts-associated PI3K/Akt signaling as a new target of 10-gingerol in MDA-MB-231/IR cells, thus rationalizing a new rafts-mediated treatment approach for radio-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Subtropical/tropical organism gene bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea or (M.K.E.); (J.Y.M.)
| | - Jeong Yong Moon
- Subtropical/tropical organism gene bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea or (M.K.E.); (J.Y.M.)
| | - Yen Thi-Kim Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Subtropical/tropical organism gene bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea or (M.K.E.); (J.Y.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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26
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Pentadecanoic Acid, an Odd-Chain Fatty Acid, Suppresses the Stemness of MCF-7/SC Human Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells through JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061663. [PMID: 32503225 PMCID: PMC7352840 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids possess few health benefits compared to unsaturated fatty acids. However, increasing experimental evidence demonstrates the nutritionally beneficial role of odd-chain saturated fatty acids in human health. In this study, the anti-cancer effects of pentadecanoic acid were evaluated in human breast carcinoma MCF-7/stem-like cells (SC), a cell line with greater mobility, invasiveness, and cancer stem cell properties compared to the parental MCF-7 cells. Pentadecanoic acid exerted selective cytotoxic effects in MCF-7/SC compared to in the parental cells. Moreover, pentadecanoic acid reduced the stemness of MCF-7/SC and suppressed the migratory and invasive ability of MCF-7/SC as evidenced by the results of flow cytometry, a mammosphere formation assay, an aldehyde dehydrogenase activity assay, and Western blot experiments conducted to analyze the expression of cancer stem cell markers—CD44, β-catenin, MDR1, and MRP1—and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers—snail, slug, MMP9, and MMP2. In addition, pentadecanoic acid suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced JAK2/STAT3 signaling, induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase, and promoted caspase-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7/SC. These findings indicate that pentadecanoic acid can serve as a novel JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor in breast cancer cells and suggest the beneficial effects of pentadecanoic acid-rich food intake during breast cancer treatments.
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27
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ESM-1 Overexpression is Involved in Increased Tumorigenesis of Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061363. [PMID: 32466580 PMCID: PMC7352712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The key barrier to the effectiveness of radiotherapy remains the radioresistance of breast cancer cells, resulting in increased tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, in this study, we aimed to clarify the difference between radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) breast cancer (BC) and BC, and accordingly, analyzed gene expression levels between radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) MDA-MB-231 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Gene expression array showed that ESM-1 was the most upregulated in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. Then, we aimed to investigate the role of ESM-1 in the increased tumorigenesis of RT-R-BC cells. RT-R-MDA-MB-231, which showed an increased expression level of ESM1, exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, and ESM-1 knockdown effectively reversed these effects. In addition, compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells displayed improved adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) due to the induction of adhesion molecules and increased MMP-9 activity and VEGF-A production, which were decreased by ESM-1 knockdown. Moreover, the expression of HIF-1α and activation of NF-κB and STAT-3 were increased in RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells, and these effects were abolished by the knockdown of ESM-1. Finally, we confirmed the role of ESM-1 in tumorigenesis in an in vivo mouse model. Tumor volume, lung metastasis, and tumorigenic molecules (VEGF-A, HIF-1α, MMP-9, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and phospho-NF-κB and phospho-STAT-3) were significantly induced in mice injected with ESM-1-overexpressing 4T1 cells and greatly enhanced in those injected with ESM-1-overexpressing RT-R-4T1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that ESM-1 plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells, especially RT-R-breast cancer cells, through the induction of cell proliferation and invasion.
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