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Liu J, Zhang W, Jin S, Zhang H, Xu Y, Xiong P, Qin X, Jia B. Plant-derived inducers in tumor differentiation therapy:A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155749. [PMID: 38763009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation therapy, a highly regarded treatment method in tumor research, aims to induce tumor cells to differentiate back to normal cells, deviating from the malignant pathway and returning to a benign state. Its development relies on the continuous discovery of efficient and low-toxic differentiation inducers, including plant-derived active components that offer significant biological utilization and therapeutic potential. For this reason, the exploration of plant-derived inducers, particularly in their application in differentiation therapy, holds great promise in advancing cancer treatment strategies toward more effective and safer alternatives. PURPOSE This paper aims to provide a valuable reference for researchers seeking to identify natural, efficient, and low-toxic differentiation inducers from plants and highlights a promising research direction for the application of differentiation therapy in malignant tumor treatment. METHODS For the collection of pertinent information, an extensive search was conducted across diverse literature and electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar. This comprehensive approach aimed to retrieve and include all relevant literature from 1985 to 2023. Primary keywords such as "Natural medicinal plant," "Differentiation therapy," and "Differentiation inducer" were utilized, supplemented by secondary search terms including "Cancer," "Tumor," "Herbal medicine," "Induced differentiation," and "Cancer treatment." RESULTS This study systematically evaluated the application of plant-derived inducers in tumor-induced differentiation therapy. Through extensive literature review, specific plant components with confirmed differentiation-inducing properties were identified. Furthermore, potential molecular mechanisms underlying this process were outlined, shedding light on the future development of differentiation therapy in cancer treatment. CONCLUSION Plant-derived active components exhibit substantial biological utility and therapeutic potential. Delving deeper into the research on these components as differentiation inducers holds promise for the selection of novel cancer drugs and the unveiling of novel pathways for cancer treatment. These results emphasize the importance of continued exploration and in-depth research into natural, efficient, and low-toxic differentiation inducers from plants, which could significantly advance cancer treatment strategies. Moreover, the highlighted research direction underscores the relevance of differentiation therapy in the context of malignant tumor treatment, indicating its potential as a safer and more effective alternative in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Shenrui Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Nanbu Hospital of County Chinese Medicine, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637399, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Peiyu Xiong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Xuhua Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
| | - Bo Jia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China.
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Niharika N, Ureka L, Roy A, Patra SK. Dissecting SOX2 expression and function reveals an association with multiple signaling pathways during embryonic development and in cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189136. [PMID: 38880162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
SRY (Sex Determining Region) box 2 (SOX2) is an essential transcription factor that plays crucial roles in activating genes involved in pre- and post-embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and lineage specifications. SOX2 maintains the self-renewal property of stem cells and is involved in the generation of induced pluripotency stem cells. SOX2 protein contains a particular high-mobility group domain that enables SOX2 to achieve the capacity to participate in a broad variety of functions. The information about the involvement of SOX2 with gene regulatory elements, signaling networks, and microRNA is gradually emerging, and the higher expression of SOX2 is functionally relevant to various cancer types. SOX2 facilitates the oncogenic phenotype via cellular proliferation and enhancement of invasive tumor properties. Evidence are accumulating in favor of three dimensional (higher order) folding of chromatin and epigenetic control of the SOX2 gene by chromatin modifications, which implies that the expression level of SOX2 can be modulated by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, specifically, via DNA methylation and histone H3 modification. In view of this, and to focus further insights into the roles SOX2 plays in physiological functions, involvement of SOX2 during development, precisely, the advances of our knowledge in pre- and post-embryonic development, and interactions of SOX2 in this scenario with various signaling pathways in tumor development and cancer progression, its potential as a therapeutic target against many cancers are summarized and discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Lina Ureka
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Geng D, Zhou Y, Wang M. Advances in the role of GPX3 in ovarian cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:31. [PMID: 38299269 PMCID: PMC10836493 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 5th most common malignancy in women, and the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies. Owing to tumor heterogeneity, lack of reliable early diagnostic methods and high incidence of chemotherapy resistance, the 5‑year survival rate of patients with advanced OC remains low despite considerable advances in detection and therapeutic approaches. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of patients with OC is crucial. The expression of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) plays a crucial role in the growth, proliferation and differentiation of various malignant tumors. In OC, GPX3 is the only antioxidant enzyme the high expression of which is negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients. GPX3 may affect lipid metabolism in tumor stem cells by influencing redox homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment. The maintenance of stemness in OC stem cells (OCSCs) is strongly associated with poor prognosis and recurrence in patients. The aim of the present study was to review the role of GPX3 in OC and investigate the potential factors and effects of GPX3 on OCSCs. The findings of the current study offer novel potential targets for drug therapy in OC, enhance the theoretical foundation of OC drug therapy and provide valuable references for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbo Geng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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Mousa NA, Hussein A, Elemam NM, Mohammed G, Elwany M, Basha T, AlHammadi AA, Majzob RS, Talaat IM. Are embryonic stem cell markers and ALDH1A1 relevant in the context of breast cancer estrogen positivity? Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7004. [PMID: 38400679 PMCID: PMC10891463 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic pluripotency markers are recognized for their role in ER- BC aggressiveness, but their significance in ER+ BC remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of expression of pluripotency markers in ER+ BC and their effect on survival and prognostic indicators. METHODS We analyzed data of ER+ BC patients from three large cancer datasets to assess the expression of three pluripotency markers (NANOG, SOX-2, and OCT4), and the stem cell marker ALDH1A1. Additionally, we investigated associations between gene expression, through mRNA-Seq analysis, and overall survival (OS). The prevalence of mutational variants within these genes was explored. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we examined the expression and associations with clinicopathologic prognostic indicators of the four markers in 81 ER+ BC patients. RESULTS Through computational analysis, NANOG and ALDH1A1 genes were significantly upregulated in ER+ BC compared to ER- BC patients (p < 0.001), while POU5F1 (OCT4) was downregulated (p < 0.001). NANOG showed an adverse impact on OS whereas ALDH1A1 was associated with a highly significant improved survival in ER+ BC (p = 4.7e-6), except for the PR- and HER2+ subgroups. Copy number alterations (CNAs) ranged from 0.4% to 1.6% in these genes, with the highest rate detected in SOX2. In the IHC study, approximately one-third of tumors showed moderate to strong expression of each of the four markers, with 2-4 markers strongly co-expressed in 56.8% of cases. OCT-4 and ALDH1A1 showed a significant association with a high KI-67 index (p = 0.009 and 0.008, respectively), while SOX2 showed a significant association with perinodal fat invasion (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Pluripotency markers and ALDH1A1 are substantially expressed in ER+ BC tumors with different, yet significant, associations with prognostic and survival outcomes. This study suggests these markers as targets for prospective clinical validation studies of their prognostic value and their possible therapeutic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Mousa
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Hussein
- Family and Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M. Elemam
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada Mohammed
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mona Elwany
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Tasneem Basha
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Amal A. AlHammadi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Rana S. Majzob
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
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Sarker DB, Xue Y, Mahmud F, Jocelyn JA, Sang QXA. Interconversion of Cancer Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:125. [PMID: 38247819 PMCID: PMC10814385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs), share many molecular features with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that enable the derivation of induced pluripotent cancer cells by reprogramming malignant cells. Conversely, normal iPSCs can be converted into cancer stem-like cells with the help of tumor microenvironment components and genetic manipulation. These CSC models can be utilized in oncogenic initiation and progression studies, understanding drug resistance, and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the role of pluripotency factors in the stemness, tumorigenicity, and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. Different methods to obtain iPSC-derived CSC models are described with an emphasis on exposure-based approaches. Culture in cancer cell-conditioned media or cocultures with cancer cells can convert normal iPSCs into cancer stem-like cells, aiding the examination of processes of oncogenesis. We further explored the potential of reprogramming cancer cells into cancer-iPSCs for mechanistic studies and cancer dependencies. The contributions of genetic, epigenetic, and tumor microenvironment factors can be evaluated using these models. Overall, integrating iPSC technology into cancer stem cell research holds significant promise for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology and accelerating the development of innovative and tailored therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty B. Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Faiza Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Jonathan A. Jocelyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA; (D.B.S.); (Y.X.); (F.M.); (J.A.J.)
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
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Zhao H, Bi F, Li M, Diao Y, Zhang C. E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF180 impairs IPO4/SOX2 complex stability and inhibits SOX2-mediated malignancy in ovarian cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110961. [PMID: 37923100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
RING finger protein 180 (RNF180), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is thought to be a tumor suppressor gene. However, the detailed mechanism of its effect on ovarian cancer (OV) has not been elucidated. Importin 4 (IPO4) which belongs to transport protein is reported to have cancer-promoting effects on OV. Here, we explored the potential signaling pathways related to RNF180 and IPO4. It was first verified that RNF180 is downregulated and IPO4 is upregulated in OV. By overexpressing or knocking down RNF180 in OV cells, we confirmed that RNF180 inhibited the malignant behaviors of OV cells both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and proteomics experiments found that RNF180 could interact with IPO4 and promote the degradation of IPO4 through ubiquitination. In addition, overexpression of IPO4 removed the inhibitory effect of RNF180 on OV. We subsequently found that IPO4 could bind to the oncogene Sex determining Region Y-box 2 (SOX2). Knockdown of IPO4 in OV cells decreased SOX2 protein level in nucleus and promoted cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory protein-1 (p21) expression. Overexpression of RNF180 also inhibited the expression of SOX2 in nucleus. All these results indicated that RNF180 inhibited the nuclear translocation of SOX2 by promoting ubiquitination of IPO4, which ultimately promoted the expression of p21 and then suppressed the progression of OV. This study verified the tumor suppressor effect of RNF180 on OV, elucidated the mechanism of the molecule network related to RNF180 and IPO4 in OV and identified for OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhan Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Frąszczak K, Barczyński B. The Role of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 38201468 PMCID: PMC10778113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer and the eighth most common female cancer. The early diagnosis of ovarian cancer remains a clinical problem despite the significant development of technology. Nearly 70% of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with stages III-IV metastatic disease. Reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are currently lacking. Ovarian cancer recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy pose vital problems and translate into poor outcomes. Cancer stem cells appear to be responsible for tumour recurrence resulting from chemotherapeutic resistance. These cells are also crucial for tumour initiation due to the ability to self-renew, differentiate, avoid immune destruction, and promote inflammation and angiogenesis. Studies have confirmed an association between CSC occurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, subsequent metastases, and cancer relapses. Therefore, the elimination of CSCs appears important for overcoming drug resistance and improving prognoses. This review focuses on the expression of selected ovarian CSC markers, including CD133, CD44, CD24, CD117, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, which show potential prognostic significance. Some markers expressed on the surface of CSCs correlate with clinical features and can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity and plasticity of CSCs, the determination of specific CSC phenotypes is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartłomiej Barczyński
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University in Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Wang J, Ford JC, Mitra AK. Defining the Role of Metastasis-Initiating Cells in Promoting Carcinogenesis in Ovarian Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1492. [PMID: 38132318 PMCID: PMC10740540 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy with a high prevalence of transcoelomic metastasis. Metastasis is a multi-step process and only a small percentage of cancer cells, metastasis-initiating cells (MICs), have the capacity to finally establish metastatic lesions. These MICs maintain a certain level of stemness that allows them to differentiate into other cell types with distinct transcriptomic profiles and swiftly adapt to external stresses. Furthermore, they can coordinate with the microenvironment, through reciprocal interactions, to invade and establish metastases. Therefore, identifying, characterizing, and targeting MICs is a promising strategy to counter the spread of ovarian cancer. In this review, we provided an overview of OC MICs in the context of characterization, identification through cell surface markers, and their interactions with the metastatic niche to promote metastatic colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (J.W.); (J.C.F.)
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - James C. Ford
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (J.W.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Anirban K. Mitra
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (J.W.); (J.C.F.)
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Sun R, Lee EJ, Lee S, Kim G, Kim J. KPT6566 induces apoptotic cell death and suppresses the tumorigenicity of testicular germ cell tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220179. [PMID: 38020885 PMCID: PMC10652286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) frequently affect adolescent and young adult males. Although TGCT is more responsive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy than other solid tumors, some patients are nonresponders, and following treatment, many patients continue to experience acute and long-term cytotoxic effects from cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Consequently, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic modalities for treatment-resistant TGCTs. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (Pin1) regulates the activity and stability of many cancer-associated target proteins. Prior findings suggest that Pin1 contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple human cancers. However, the specific function of Pin1 in TGCTs has not yet been elucidated. TGCT cell proliferation and viability were examined using cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays following treatment with KPT6566, a potent, selective Pin1 inhibitor that covalently binds to the catalytic domain of Pin1. A xenograft mouse model was used to assess the effect of KPT6566 on tumor growth in vivo. KPT6566 effectively suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and ATP production in P19 and NCCIT cells. Further, KPT6566 induced apoptotic cell death by generating cellular reactive oxygen species and downregulating the embryonic transcription factors Oct-4 and Sox2. Finally, KPT6566 treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and mass in P19 cell xenografts. The Pin1 inhibitor KPT6566 has significant antiproliferative and antitumor effects in TGCT cells. These findings suggest that Pin1 inhibitors could be considered as a potential therapeutic approach for TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jungho Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Szyposzynska A, Bielawska-Pohl A, Murawski M, Sozanski R, Chodaczek G, Klimczak A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Microvesicles from Adipose Tissue: Unraveling Their Impact on Primary Ovarian Cancer Cells and Their Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15862. [PMID: 37958844 PMCID: PMC10647545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives can be promising tools in oncology including ovarian cancer treatment. This study aimed to determine the effect of HATMSC2-MVs (microvesicles derived from human immortalized mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue origin) on the fate and behavior of primary ovarian cancer cells. Human primary ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells were isolated from two sources: post-operative tissue of ovarian cancer and ascitic fluid. The phenotype of cells was characterized using flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of HATMSC2-MVs on the biological activity of primary cells was analyzed in 2D (proliferation, migration, and cell survival) and 3D (cell survival) models. We demonstrated that HATMSC2-MVs internalized into primary ovarian cancer cells decrease the metabolic activity and induce the cancer cell death and are leading to decreased migratory activity of tumor cells. The results suggests that the anti-cancer effect of HATMSC2-MVs, with high probability, is contributed by the delivery of molecules that induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (p21, tumor suppressor p53, executor caspase 3) and proapoptotic regulators (bad, BIM, Fas, FasL, p27, TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2), and their presence has been confirmed by apoptotic protein antibody array. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to inhibit primary OvCa cells growth and apoptosis induction after exposure of OvCa cells on HATMSC2-MVs treatment; however, further studies are needed to clarify their anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szyposzynska
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Aleksandra Bielawska-Pohl
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.-P.)
| | - Marek Murawski
- 1st Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-599 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rafal Sozanski
- 1st Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-599 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Bioimaging Laboratory, Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Klimczak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.-P.)
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Li YR, Ochoa CJ, Zhu Y, Kramer A, Wilson M, Fang Y, Chen Y, Singh T, Di Bernardo G, Zhu E, Lee D, Moatamed NA, Bando J, Zhou JJ, Memarzadeh S, Yang L. Profiling ovarian cancer tumor and microenvironment during disease progression for cell-based immunotherapy design. iScience 2023; 26:107952. [PMID: 37810241 PMCID: PMC10558812 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is highly lethal due to late detection and frequent recurrence. Initial treatments, comprising surgery and chemotherapy, lead to disease remission but are invariably associated with subsequent relapse. The identification of novel therapies and an improved understanding of the molecular and cellular characteristics of OC are urgently needed. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of primary tumor cells and their microenvironment from 16 chemonaive and 10 recurrent OC patient samples. Profiling OC tumor biomarkers allowed for the identification of potential molecular targets for developing immunotherapies, while profiling the microenvironment yielded insights into its cellular composition and property changes between chemonaive and recurrent samples. Notably, we identified CD1d as a biomarker of the OC microenvironment and demonstrated its targeting by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Overall, our study presents a comprehensive immuno-profiling of OC tumor and microenvironment during disease progression, guiding the development of immunotherapies for OC treatment, especially for recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher J Ochoa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tanya Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gabriella Di Bernardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joanne Bando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jin J Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Harrington BS, Kamdar R, Ning F, Korrapati S, Caminear MW, Hernandez LF, Butcher D, Edmondson EF, Traficante N, Hendley J, Gough M, Rogers R, Lourie R, Shetty J, Tran B, Elloumi F, Abdelmaksoud A, Nag ML, Mazan-Mamczarz K, House CD, Hooper JD, Annunziata CM. UGDH promotes tumor-initiating cells and a fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:270. [PMID: 37858159 PMCID: PMC10585874 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a global health burden, with the poorest five-year survival rate of the gynecological malignancies due to diagnosis at advanced stage and high recurrence rate. Recurrence in EOC is driven by the survival of chemoresistant, stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that are supported by a complex extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive microenvironment. To target TICs to prevent recurrence, we identified genes critical for TIC viability from a whole genome siRNA screen. A top hit was the cancer-associated, proteoglycan subunit synthesis enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH). METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize UGDH expression in histological and molecular subtypes of EOC. EOC cell lines were subtyped according to the molecular subtypes and the functional effects of modulating UGDH expression in vitro and in vivo in C1/Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated subtype cell lines was examined. RESULTS High UGDH expression was observed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers and a distinctive survival prognostic for UGDH expression was revealed when serous cancers were stratified by molecular subtype. High UGDH was associated with a poor prognosis in the C1/Mesenchymal subtype and low UGDH was associated with poor prognosis in the C4/Differentiated subtype. Knockdown of UGDH in the C1/mesenchymal molecular subtype reduced spheroid formation and viability and reduced the CD133 + /ALDH high TIC population. Conversely, overexpression of UGDH in the C4/Differentiated subtype reduced the TIC population. In co-culture models, UGDH expression in spheroids affected the gene expression of mesothelial cells causing changes to matrix remodeling proteins, and fibroblast collagen production. Inflammatory cytokine expression of spheroids was altered by UGDH expression. The effect of UGDH knockdown or overexpression in the C1/ Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated subtypes respectively was tested on mouse intrabursal xenografts and showed dynamic changes to the tumor stroma. Knockdown of UGDH improved survival and reduced tumor burden in C1/Mesenchymal compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data show that modulation of UGDH expression in ovarian cancer reveals distinct roles for UGDH in the C1/Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated molecular subtypes of EOC, influencing the tumor microenvironmental composition. UGDH is a strong potential therapeutic target in TICs, for the treatment of EOC, particularly in patients with the mesenchymal molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney S Harrington
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rahul Kamdar
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Franklin Ning
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael W Caminear
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lidia F Hernandez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Gough
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rogers
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Rohan Lourie
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Abdalla Abdelmaksoud
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Madhu Lal Nag
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Functional Genomics Lab, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carrie D House
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Present address: Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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13
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El Baba R, Haidar Ahmad S, Monnien F, Mansar R, Bibeau F, Herbein G. Polyploidy, EZH2 upregulation, and transformation in cytomegalovirus-infected human ovarian epithelial cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:3047-3061. [PMID: 37634008 PMCID: PMC10555822 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been implicated in epithelial ovarian cancer (OC). Polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been observed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC); they possess cancer stem cell-like characteristics and give rise to progeny cells expressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. EZH2 plays a potential oncogenic role, correlating with high proliferative index and tumor grade in OC. Herein, we present the experimental evidence for HCMV as a reprogramming vector that elicited human ovarian epithelial cells (OECs) transformation leading to the generation of "CMV-transformed Ovarian cells" (CTO). The infection with the two high-risk clinical strains, namely HCMV-DB and BL provoked a distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms in infected OECs. EZH2 upregulation and cellular proliferation were curtailed by using EZH2 inhibitors. The HGSOC biopsies were characterized by an elevated EZH2 expression, possessing a strong positive correlation between the aforementioned marker and HCMV. From HGSOC biopsies, we isolated three HCMV clinical strains that transformed OECs generating CTO cells which displayed proliferative potentials in addition to EZH2 upregulation and PGCCs generation; these features were reduced upon EZH2 inhibition. High-risk HCMV strains transformed OECs confirming an HCMV-induced epithelial ovarian cancer model and highlighting EZH2 tumorigenic properties. Our findings might be highly relevant in the pathophysiology of ovarian tumors thereby nominating new targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Racha Mansar
- Department of Pathology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Georges Herbein
- Department of Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB Laboratory EA4266, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
- Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.
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14
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Liang H, Fang C, Zhang L. Methyltransferase-like 3 facilitates the stem cell properties of esophageal cancer by upregulating patched homolog 1 via N6-methyladenosine methylation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C770-C779. [PMID: 37575058 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00136.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) has been proven to facilitate cell proliferation and self-renewal in esophageal cancer (EC). The present study intended to exploit the influence of PTCH1 on EC cells and the potential mechanisms. PTCH1 and methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) expression were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot in EC cell lines. Following the loss- and gain-of-function assays, cell proliferation was examined by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 and clone formation assays, invasion and migration by Transwell and scratch assays, and the sphere-forming ability of stem cells by cell sphere-forming assay. The expression of stemness genes NANOG homeobox protein (NANOG), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) was detected by Western blot. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) assay was performed to test N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification levels of PTCH1 mRNA, RIP and photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) assays to assess the binding of METTL3 to PTCH1, and actinomycin D treatment to examine PTCH1 mRNA stability. A xenograft tumor model in nude mice was established for further in vivo verification. PTCH1 and METTL3 expression was high in EC cells. Knockdown of METTL3 reduced m6A level and stability of PTCH1 mRNA. Knockdown of PTCH1 or METTL3 declined invasion, proliferation, migration, and NANOG, Oct4, and SOX2 levels in EC cells, and reduced sphere-forming abilities of EC stem cells. Overexpression of PTCH1 abolished the suppressive effect of METTL3 knockdown on EC cells in vitro. METTL3 knockdown repressed tumor growth in nude mice, which was negated by further overexpressing PTCH1. METTL3 facilitated growth and stemness of EC cells via upregulation of PTCH1 expression by enhancing PTCH1 m6A modification.NEW & NOTEWORTHY PTCH1 has been proved to facilitate cell proliferation and self-renewal in esophageal cancer. We studied the upstream regulation mechanism of PTCH1 by METTL3 through m6A modification. Our results provide a new target and theoretical basis for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Luquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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15
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Ibrahim HM, Abdelrahman AE, Elsebai E, Gharieb SA, Fahmy MM, Ramadan MS, Wasfy MA, Abdullatif A. Clinicopathologic Impact of NANOG, ZEB1, and EpCAM Biomarkers on Prognosis of Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3247-3259. [PMID: 37774079 PMCID: PMC10762767 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is a biologically heterogeneous with different genomic and molecular profiles, beside clinical response to the chemotherapy with subsequent in obstacles in starting unified, acceptable treatments and so we assess immunoexpression of Nanog, ZEB1, and EpCAM in SOC. METHODS In this study, the immunoexpression of Nanog, ZEB1, and EpCAM was studied in 60 cases of SOC. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) data and response to chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS NANOG was immunostained in 65% of the cases with a significant association with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and FIGO stage (p < 0.001 for each). ZEB1 showed moderate- high expression in 58.3% of the cases with significant up-regulation of ZEB1 expression with SOC grade, nodal metastasis, and SOC FIGO stage (p<0.001). EpCAM revealed high expression in 60% of the cases with significant association with higher grade, nodal metastasis, and advanced stage (p < 0.001 for each). Up-regulation of Nanog was significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, relapse, shorter OS and DFS (p < 0.001 for each). ZEB1 overexpression exhibited a significant association with response to chemotherapy (p= 0.012), relapse, shorter OS and DFS (p<0.001 for each). Moreover, the high EpCAM had a significant association with response to chemotherapy (p= 0.043), relapse (p < 0.001) shorter OS (p=0.006) and DFS (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of Nanog and ZEB-1 and EpCAM perhaps promote an aggressive SOC with a high risk of relapse and unfavorable response to standard chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman Elsebai
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa A. Gharieb
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Moamna M. Fahmy
- Department ofClinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S.H. Ramadan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A. Wasfy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa Abdullatif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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16
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Iżycka N, Zaborowski MP, Ciecierski Ł, Jaz K, Szubert S, Miedziarek C, Rezler M, Piątek-Bajan K, Synakiewicz A, Jankowska A, Figlerowicz M, Sterzyńska K, Nowak-Markwitz E. Cancer Stem Cell Markers-Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Value in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12746. [PMID: 37628927 PMCID: PMC10454196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may contribute to an increased risk of recurrence in ovarian cancer (OC). Further research is needed to identify associations between CSC markers and OC patients' clinical outcomes with greater certainty. If they prove to be correct, in the future, the CSC markers can be used to help predict survival and indicate new therapeutic targets. This study aimed to determine the CSC markers at mRNA and protein levels and their association with clinical presentation, outcome, and risk of recurrence in HGSOC (High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer). TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database with 558 ovarian cancer tumor samples was used for the evaluation of 13 CSC markers (ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, KIT, LGR5, NES, NOTCH3, POU5F1, PROM1, PTTG1, ROR1, SOX9, and THY1). Data on mRNA and protein levels assessed by microarray and mass spectrometry were retrieved from TCGA. Models to predict chemotherapy response and survival were built using multiple variables, including epidemiological data, expression levels, and machine learning methodology. ALDH1A1 and LGR5 mRNA expressions indicated a higher platinum sensitivity (p = 3.50 × 10-3; p = 0.01, respectively). POU5F1 mRNA expression marked platinum-resistant tumors (p = 9.43 × 10-3). CD44 and EPCAM mRNA expression correlated with longer overall survival (OS) (p = 0.043; p = 0.039, respectively). THY1 mRNA and protein levels were associated with worse OS (p = 0.019; p = 0.015, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was positively affected by EPCAM (p = 0.004), LGR5 (p = 0.018), and CD44 (p = 0.012). In the multivariate model based on CSC marker expression, the high-risk group had 9.1 months longer median overall survival than the low-risk group (p < 0.001). ALDH1A1, CD44, EPCAM, LGR5, POU5F1, and THY1 levels in OC may be used as prognostic factors for the primary outcome and help predict the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Iżycka
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Mikołaj Piotr Zaborowski
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Łukasz Ciecierski
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Kamila Jaz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Szubert
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Cezary Miedziarek
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Marta Rezler
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Kinga Piątek-Bajan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Aneta Synakiewicz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
| | - Anna Jankowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- European Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland (M.F.)
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33 St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland (S.S.)
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17
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Zhu W, Chen Y, He X, Li J, Han Z, Yang Y, Liu W, Zhang K. Dihydroartemisinin inhibited stem cell-like properties and enhanced oxaliplatin sensitivity of colorectal cancer via AKT/mTOR signaling. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:988-998. [PMID: 37132439 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor with high morbidity and mortality. The use of oxaliplatin (L-OHP) as a first-line treatment for CRC is limited due to chemoresistance. Growing evidence have revealed that the existence of cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) is one of the important reasons for drug resistance and recurrence of cancers. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a derivative of artemisinin, has showed anticancer effects on a variety of malignancies, in addition to its antimalarial effects. However, the effect and mechanism of DHA on CSLCs and chemosensitivity in CRC cells remains unclear. In this study, we found that DHA inhibited cell viability in HCT116 and SW620 cells. Moreover, DHA decreased cell clonogenicity, and improved L-OHP sensitivity. Furthermore, DHA treatment attenuated tumor sphere formation, and the expressions of stem cell surface marker (CD133 and CD44) and stemness-associated transcription factor (Nanog, c-Myc, and OCT4). Mechanistically, the present findings showed that DHA inhibited of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The activation of AKT/mTOR signaling reversed DHA-decreased cell viability, clonogenicity, L-OHP resistance, tumor sphere, and expressions of stemness-associated protein in CRC. The inhibitory effect of DHA on tumorigenicity of CRC cells has also been demonstrated in BALB/c nude mice. In conclusion, this study revealed that DHA inhibited CSLCs properties in CRC via AKT/mTOR signaling, suggesting that DHA may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Pathology Department, Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Wanglong Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhuo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingqiang He
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaofeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyu Han
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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18
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Lambis-Anaya L, Fernández-Ruiz M, Liscano Y, Suarez-Causado A. High OCT4 Expression Might Be Associated with an Aggressive Phenotype in Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3740. [PMID: 37509401 PMCID: PMC10378144 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) of the intestinal tract have been implicated in its origin. The oncofetal protein OCT4 has been linked to neoplastic processes, but its role and clinical significance in RC are unknown. This study investigates the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 related to clinical-pathological characteristics and its clinical significance in RC patients. The expression level of stem cell marker OCT4 was analyzed in 22 primary rectal tumors by western blot. The association between OCT4 protein expression and the clinical-pathological features of tumors was evaluated by χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. We demonstrated that the expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was observed in tumor tissue but not adjacent non-tumor tissue. High expression of the stem cell marker OCT4 was significantly associated with histological differentiation grade (p = 0.039), tumor invasion level (p = 0.004), lymph node involvement (p = 0.044), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.002), and clinical stage (p = 0.021). These findings suggest that high OCT4 expression is associated with a more aggressive RC phenotype, with a greater likelihood of progression and metastasis. These results shed light on the importance of targeting this CSC marker to attenuate RC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lambis-Anaya
- Grupo Prometeus & Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Mashiel Fernández-Ruiz
- Grupo Prometeus & Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Yamil Liscano
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Integral (GISI), Departamento Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Amileth Suarez-Causado
- Grupo Prometeus & Biomedicina Aplicada a las Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
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19
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Zhang Q, Li N, Deng L, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Lee LTO, Zhang H. ACSL1-induced ferroptosis and platinum resistance in ovarian cancer by increasing FSP1 N-myristylation and stability. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:83. [PMID: 36882396 PMCID: PMC9992462 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of lipid metabolism, which modulates energy utilization and cell signaling, maintains cell survival and promotes cancer metastasis in cancer cells. Ferroptosis is a type of cell necrosis caused by an overload of lipid oxidation, which has been demonstrated to be involved in cancer cell metastasis. However, the mechanism by which fatty acid metabolism regulates the anti-ferroptosis signaling pathways is not fully understood. The formation of ovarian cancer spheroids helps to counteract the hostile microenvironment of the peritoneal cavity with low oxygen, shortage of nutrients, and subjected to platinum therapy. Previously, we demonstrated that Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) promotes cell survival and peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer, but the mechanism is still not well elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the formation of spheroids and under exposure to platinum chemotherapy increased the levels of anti-ferroptosis proteins as well as ACSL1. Inhibition of ferroptosis can enhance spheroid formation and vice versa. Genetic manipulation of ACSL1 expression showed that ACSL1 reduced the level of lipid oxidation and increased the resistance to cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ACSL1 increased the N-myristoylation of ferroptosis suppressor 1 (FSP1), resulting in the inhibition of its degradation and translocation to the cell membrane. The increase in myristoylated FSP1 functionally counteracted oxidative stress-induced cell ferroptosis. Clinical data also suggested that ACSL1 protein was positively correlated with FSP1 and negatively correlated with the ferroptosis markers 4-HNE and PTGS2. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ACSL1 enhances antioxidant capacity and increases ferroptosis resistance by modulating the myristoylation of FSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Limei Deng
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Xingmei Jiang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China. .,Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Haitao Zhang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China. .,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
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20
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Varier L, Sundaram SM, Gamit N, Warrier S. An Overview of Ovarian Cancer: The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Chemoresistance and a Precision Medicine Approach Targeting the Wnt Pathway with the Antagonist sFRP4. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041275. [PMID: 36831617 PMCID: PMC9954718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecological cancers, having a relatively high fatality rate with a low five-year chance of survival when detected in late stages. The early detection, treatment and prevention of metastasis is pertinent and a pressing research priority as many patients are diagnosed only in stage three of ovarian cancer. Despite surgical interventions, targeted immunotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, relapses are significantly higher than other cancers, suggesting the dire need to identify the root cause of metastasis and relapse and present more precise therapeutic options. In this review, we first describe types of ovarian cancers, the existing markers and treatment modalities. As ovarian cancer is driven and sustained by an elusive and highly chemoresistant population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), their role and the associated signature markers are exhaustively discussed. Non-invasive diagnostic markers, which can be identified early in the disease using circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are also described. The mechanism of the self-renewal, chemoresistance and metastasis of ovarian CSCs is regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, its role in ovarian cancer in promoting stemness and metastasis is delineated. Based on our findings, we propose a novel strategy of Wnt inhibition using a well-known Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled related protein 4 (sFRP4), wherein short micropeptides derived from the whole protein can be used as powerful inhibitors. The latest approaches to early diagnosis and novel treatment strategies emphasized in this review will help design precision medicine approaches for an effective capture and destruction of highly aggressive ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Varier
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - S. Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India
- Correspondence:
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21
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Holmberg R, Robinson M, Gilbert SF, Lujano-Olazaba O, Waters JA, Kogan E, Velasquez CLR, Stevenson D, Cruz LS, Alexander LJ, Lara J, Mu EM, Camillo JR, Bitler BG, Huxford T, House CD. TWEAK-Fn14-RelB Signaling Cascade Promotes Stem Cell-like Features that Contribute to Post-Chemotherapy Ovarian Cancer Relapse. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:170-186. [PMID: 36214671 PMCID: PMC9890141 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disease recurrence in high-grade serous ovarian cancer may be due to cancer stem-like cells (CSC) that are resistant to chemotherapy and capable of reestablishing heterogeneous tumors. The alternative NF-κB signaling pathway is implicated in this process; however, the mechanism is unknown. Here we show that TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, Fn14, are strong inducers of alternative NF-κB signaling and are enriched in ovarian tumors following chemotherapy treatment. We further show that TWEAK enhances spheroid formation ability, asymmetric division capacity, and expression of SOX2 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes VIM and ZEB1 in ovarian cancer cells, phenotypes that are enhanced when TWEAK is combined with carboplatin. Moreover, TWEAK in combination with chemotherapy induces expression of the CSC marker CD117 in CD117- cells. Blocking the TWEAK-Fn14-RelB signaling cascade with a small-molecule inhibitor of Fn14 prolongs survival following carboplatin chemotherapy in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. These data provide new insights into ovarian cancer CSC biology and highlight a signaling axis that should be explored for therapeutic development. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies a unique mechanism for the induction of ovarian cancer stem cells that may serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryne Holmberg
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Samuel F. Gilbert
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Jennifer A. Waters
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Emily Kogan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Denay Stevenson
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Luisjesus S. Cruz
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Logan J. Alexander
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Jacqueline Lara
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Emily M. Mu
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | | | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tom Huxford
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Carrie D. House
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Corresponding Author: Carrie D. House, Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, Shiley Bioscience Center 2104, San Diego, CA 92182. Phone: 619-594-3053; E-mail:
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22
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Kim EY, Lee SU, Kim YH. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta- O-galloyl-β-D-glucose Inhibits CD44v3, a cancer stem cell marker, by regulating its transcription factor, in human pancreatic cancer cell line. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:328-337. [PMID: 36605595 PMCID: PMC9809349 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2152864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a pancreatic cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, is a potential treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we evaluated the effect of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), a gallotannin contained in various medicinal plants, on CD44 standard (CD44s) and CD44 variant 3 (CD44v3) in Mia-PaCa-2, human pancreatic cancer cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. PGG showed cytotoxic effects and inhibited the proliferation of Mia-PaCa-2 cells. It also inhibited clonogenic activity, adhesion to fibronectin, and cell migration, which are characteristics of CSCs. PGG inhibited the expression of CD44s and CD44v3 by inducing the phosphorylation of p53 and suppressing NF-κB and Foxo3. Inhibition of Foxo3 induces CD44v3 ubiquitination. Indeed, PGG increased proteasome activity and promoted CD44v3 ubiquitination. PGG downregulated the CSC regulatory factors Nanog, Oct-4, and Sox-2, which act downstream of CD44v3 signaling. These data indicate that PGG may have therapeutic effects in pancreatic cancer mediated by inhibition of CSC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea, Yoon Hee Kim Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do38453, Republic of Korea
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23
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Circular RNA circ_0004488 Increases Cervical Cancer Paclitaxel Resistance via the miR-136/MEX3C Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5435333. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5435333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs have been proven to play a pivotal role in cervical cancer development, progression, and treatment resistance. However, it is unclear how these RNAs influence chemoresistance in cervical cancer, particularly cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties. In this study, we found that circRNA circ_0004488 was highly expressed in CSC-enriched subsets of cervical cancer cell lines. The expression of circ_0004488 was upregulated in cervical cancer cells that were resistant to paclitaxel. When circ_0004488 expression was high, the prognosis was poor. Specifically, we discovered that knocking down circ_0004488 greatly decreased the development of cervical cancer cells in vivo by decreasing cell proliferation, invasion, and sphere formation. By blocking cir_0004488, cervical cancer cells become more sensitive to paclitaxel. In cervical cancer cells, circ_0004488 acted as a microRNA-136 (miR-136) sponge, increasing the expression of MEX3C (a direct target gene of miR-136) using dual-luciferase reporter assays. Moreover, MEX3C downregulation significantly reduced cell proliferation, invasion, sphere formation, and paclitaxel resistance. In conclusion, circ_0004488 was shown to induce CSC-like features and paclitaxel resistance through the miR-136/MEX3C axis. Therefore, circ_0004488 might be a good therapeutic target for treating cervical cancer.
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24
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Aikins ME, Qin Y, Dobson HE, Najafabadi AH, Lyu K, Xu Y, Xin Y, Schwendeman A, Wicha MS, Chang AE, Li Q, Moon JJ. Cancer stem cell antigen nanodisc cocktail elicits anti-tumor immune responses in melanoma. J Control Release 2022; 351:872-882. [PMID: 36206945 PMCID: PMC9765445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the major reasons for poor cancer outcomes is the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that can self-renew, differentiate into the majority of tumor cells, and maintain tumorigenicity. As CSCs are resistant to traditional chemotherapy and radiation, they contribute to metastasis and relapse. Thus, new approaches are needed to target and eliminate CSCs. Here, we sought to target and reduce the frequency of CSCs in melanoma by therapeutic vaccination against CSC-associated transcription factors, such as Sox2 and Nanog, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Toward this goal, we have identified novel immunogenic peptide epitopes derived from CSC-associated Sox2 and Nanog and synthesized synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) nanodisc vaccine formulated with Sox2, Nanog, and ALDH antigen peptides together with CpG, a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist. Vaccination with nanodiscs containing six CSC antigen peptides elicited robust T cell responses against CSC-associated antigens and promoted intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells, while reducing the frequency of CSCs and CD4+ regulatory T cells within melanoma tumors. Nanodisc vaccination effectively reduced tumor growth and significantly extended animal survival without toxicity toward normal stem cells. Overall, our therapeutic strategy against CSCs represents a cost-effective, safe, and versatile approach that may be applied to melanoma and other cancer types, as well as serve as a critical component in combined therapies to target and eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - You Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hannah E Dobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - Kexing Lyu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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25
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Chhetri D, Vengadassalapathy S, Venkadassalapathy S, Balachandran V, Umapathy VR, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Patil S, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Pleiotropic effects of DCLK1 in cancer and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965730. [PMID: 36250024 PMCID: PMC9560780 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a protein molecule, has been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in the cancer cells of gastrointestinal, pancreas, and human colon. DCLK1 expression in cancers, such as breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, hepatic cell carcinoma, tuft cells, and human cholangiocarcinoma, has shown a way to target the DCLK1 gene and downregulate its expression. Several studies have discussed the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation along with neoplastic cell arrest when the DCLK1 gene, which is expressed in both cancer and normal cells, was targeted successfully. In addition, previous studies have shown that DCLK1 plays a vital role in various cancer metastases. The correlation of DCLK1 with numerous stem cell receptors, signaling pathways, and genes suggests its direct or an indirect role in promoting tumorigenesis. Moreover, the impact of DCLK1 was found to be related to the functioning of an oncogene. The downregulation of DCLK1 expression by using targeted strategies, such as embracing the use of siRNA, miRNA, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, nanomolecules, specific monoclonal antibodies, and silencing the pathways regulated by DCLK1, has shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In this review, we will discuss about the present understanding of DCLK1 and its role in the progression of GI cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyashree Chhetri
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - Varadharaju Balachandran
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Centre for Parkinsons Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
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26
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Konishi I, Abiko K, Hayashi T, Yamanoi K, Murakami R, Yamaguchi K, Hamanishi J, Baba T, Matsumura N, Mandai M. Peritoneal dissemination of high-grade serous ovarian cancer: pivotal roles of chromosomal instability and epigenetic dynamics. J Gynecol Oncol 2022; 33:e83. [PMID: 36032027 PMCID: PMC9428305 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the lethal gynecological malignancy in women. The representative histotype is high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), and most patients with HGSC present at advanced stages with peritoneal dissemination. Since the peritoneal dissemination is the most important factor for poor prognosis of the patients, complete exploration for its molecular mechanisms is mandatory. In this narrative review, being based on the clinical, pathologic, and genomic findings of HGSC, chromosomal instability and epigenetic dynamics have been discussed as the potential drivers for cancer development in the fallopian tube, acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties, and peritoneal metastasis of HGSC. The natural history of carcinogenesis with clonal evolution, and adaptation to microenvironment of peritoneal dissemination of HGSC should be targeted in the novel development of strategies for prevention, early detection, and precision treatment for patients with HGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Konishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Abiko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Hayashi
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Murakami
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan
| | - Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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27
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Analysis of Dormancy-Associated Transcriptional Networks Reveals a Shared Quiescence Signature in Lung and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179869. [PMID: 36077264 PMCID: PMC9456317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescent cancer cells (QCCs) are a common feature of solid tumors, representing a major obstacle to the long-term success of cancer therapies. We isolated QCCs ex vivo from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) xenografts with a label-retaining strategy and compared QCCs gene expression profiles to identify a shared “quiescence signature”. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed a specific component neatly discriminating quiescent and replicative phenotypes in NSCLC and CRC. The discriminating component showed significant overlapping, with 688 genes in common including ZEB2, a master regulator of stem cell plasticity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Gene set enrichment analysis showed that QCCs of both NSCLC and CRC had an increased expression of factors related to stemness/self renewal, EMT, TGF-β, morphogenesis, cell adhesion and chemotaxis, whereas proliferating cells overexpressed Myc targets and factors involved in RNA metabolism. Eventually, we analyzed in depth by means of a complex network approach, both the ‘morphogenesis module’ and the subset of differentially expressed genes shared by NCSLC and CRC. This allowed us to recognize different gene regulation network wiring for quiescent and proliferating cells and to underpin few genes central for network integration that may represent new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Altogether, our results highlight common regulatory pathways in QCCs of lung and colorectal tumors that may be the target of future therapeutic interventions.
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28
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Huang P, Wang S, Wu Z, Zhou Z, Kuang M, Ren C, Qian X, Jiang A, Zhou Y, Wang X, Shao G. Correlations of ALD, Keap-1, and FoxO4 expression with traditional tumor markers and clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30222. [PMID: 36042628 PMCID: PMC9410640 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldolase A (A-2) (ALD), Kelch-like-ECH associated protein-1 (Keap-1), and Forkhead box O4 (FoxO4) are key regulatory proteins, which have been proven to be involved in tumor development. However, the clinicopathological significance of ALD, Keap-1, and FoxO4 expressions in colorectal (colon) carcinoma (CRC) is not clearly known. We sought to explore the clinicopathological significance of ALD, Keap-1, and FoxO4 in CRC to provide evidences for potential monitoring index of CRC. Cases of 199 CRC patients were analyzed retrospectively. Evaluation of ALD, cAMP response element-binding protein-2, cyclo-oxygenase 2, FoxO4, Keap-1, and p53 expressions in CRC patients was accomplished with immunohistochemical technique. The patients were divided into negative and positive groups in accordance with immunohistochemical result. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients in the 2 groups, coupled with analysis of the relationship between 6 aforesaid proteins and clinicopathological characteristics. Herein, we confirmed the association of tumor location with the expression of ALD, Keap-1, and FoxO4. Also, tumor differentiation was observed to associate significantly with the expression of Keap-1, FoxO4, and Cox-2. The data also revealed that there was a correlation between smoking and expression of ALD, Keap-1, FoxO4, p53, and Cox-2. Nevertheless, insignificant difference was observed when clinicopathological characteristics were compared with cAMP response element-binding protein-2 expression. These findings suggest that ALD, Keap-1, and FoxO4 reinvolved in CRC development, and thus may be considered as potential monitoring protein for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Huang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meiqian Kuang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Caifang Ren
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin Qian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Anqi Jiang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuxin Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Genbao Shao, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China (e-mail: )
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Lou X, Ye Z, Xu X, Jiang M, Lu R, Jing D, Zhang W, Gao H, Wang F, Zhang Y, Chen X, Qin Y, Zhuo Q, Yu X, Ji S. Establishment and characterization of the third non-functional human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell line. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1248-1261. [PMID: 35394261 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) were still poorly understood, largely due to the lack of preclinical models of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Herein, we established and characterized SPNE1 cell lines from primary pancreatic NET tissue obtained from a 44-year-old female. Neuroendocrine character of SPNE1 was compared with existing non-functional cell lines BON1 and QGP1, and the results indicated expressions of multiple NET-specific markers in SPNE1 were higher relative to BON1 and QGP1. The growth character measured by Ki67 labeling index, cell cycle analysis, and 3D matrigel spheroid essay indicated that the proliferative rate of SPNE1 was lower than that of BON1 and QGP1. SPNE1 also was characterized with cancer stemness because of the higher proportion of CD44 + and CD117 + subpopulations relative to BON1, whereas it was similar to that of QGP1. Interestingly, SPNE1 highly expressed somatostatin receptors (SSTR2 and SSTR5) and angiogenic factors (VEGF1). SPNE1 had sensitive response to the four clinical treatments including tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), mTOR inhibitors, somatostatin analogs (SSA), chemotherapy, which was similar to the BON1 and QGP1. Subcutaneous transplantations of SPNE1 also present the tumorigenicity, and neuroendocrine marker expression of xenograft tumors resembled the original human NET tissue. Then, we found a total of 8 common mutation in BON1, QGP1 and SPNE1 included CROCC, FAM135A, GPATCH4, CTBP2, FBXL14, HERC2, HYDIN, and PABPC3 using whole-exome sequencing (WES), and more neuroendocrine-related functional processes were enriched based on the private mutation genes in SPNE1, such as neuron migration, insulin secretion, and neuron to neuron synapse. In brief, SPNE1 could be used as a relevant model to study pancreatic NET biology and to develop novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lou
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minglei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Desheng Jing
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heli Gao
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Center for Neuroendocrine Tumors, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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du Manoir S, Delpech H, Orsetti B, Jacot W, Pirot N, Noel J, Colombo PE, Sardet C, Theillet C. In high grade ovarian carcinoma, platinum-sensitive tumor recurrence and acquired-resistance derive from quiescent residual cancer cells that overexpress CRYAB, CEACAM6 and SOX2. J Pathol 2022; 257:367-378. [PMID: 35302657 DOI: 10.1002/path.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most High-Grade Ovarian Carcinomas (HGOCs) are sensitive to carboplatin (CBP)-based chemotherapy but frequently recur within 24 months. Recurrent tumors remain CBP-sensitive and acquire resistance only after several treatment rounds. Recurrences arise from a small number of residual tumor cells hardly amenable to investigation in patients. We developed Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDXs) that allow the study of these different stages of CBP-sensitive recurrence and acquisition of resistance. We generated PDX models from CBP-sensitive and intrinsically resistant HGOC. PDXs were CBP- or mock-treated and tumors were sampled, after treatment and at recurrence. We also isolated models with acquired-resistance from CBP-sensitive PDXs. All tumors were characterized at the histological and transcriptome levels. PDX models reproduced treatment response seen in the patients. CBP-sensitive residual tumors contained non-proliferating tumor cells clusters embedded in a fibrotic mesh. In non-treated PDX tumors and treated CBP-resistant tumors fibrotic tissue was not prevalent. Residual tumors had marked differences in gene expression when compared to naïve and recurrent tumors, indicating downregulation of cell cycle and proliferation and upregulation of interferon response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This gene expression pattern resembled that described in embryonal diapause and 'drug-tolerant persister' states. Residual and acquired-resistance tumors share the overexpression of three genes: CEACAM6, CRYAB, and SOX2.Immunostaining analysis showed strong CEACAM6, CRYAB, and SOX2 protein expression in CBP-sensitive residual and acquired resistance PDX, thus, confirming RNA profiling results. In HGOC PDX, CBP-sensitive recurrences arise from a small population of quiescent, drug-tolerant, residual cells embedded in a fibrotic mesh. These cells overexpress CEACAM6, CRYAB and SOX2, whose overexpression is also associated with acquired resistance and poor patient prognosis. CEACAM6, CRYAB and SOX2 may, thus, serve as a biomarker to predict recurrence and emergence of resistant disease in CBP-treated HGOC patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hélène Delpech
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Orsetti
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Noel
- BCM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Claude Sardet
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Theillet
- IRCM U1194, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Caminear MW, Harrington BS, Kamdar RD, Kruhlak MJ, Annunziata CM. Disulfiram Transcends ALDH Inhibitory Activity When Targeting Ovarian Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:762820. [PMID: 35372040 PMCID: PMC8967967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.762820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a global health burden and remains the fifth leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide with the poorest five-year survival rate of the gynecological malignancies. EOC recurrence is considered to be driven by the survival of chemoresistant, stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs). We previously showed that disulfiram, an ALDH inhibitor, effectively targeted TICs compared to adherent EOC cells in terms of viability, spheroid formation, oxidative stress and also prevented relapse in an in vivo model of EOC. In this study we sought to determine whether specific targeting of ALDH isoenzyme ALDH1A1 would provide similar benefit to broader pathway inhibition by disulfiram. NCT-505 and NCT-506 are isoenzyme-specific ALDH1A1 inhibitors whose activity was compared to the effects of disulfiram. Following treatment with both the NCTs and disulfiram, the viability of TICs versus adherent cells, sphere formation, and cell death in our in vitro relapse model were measured and compared in EOC cell lines. We found that disulfiram decreased the viability of TICs significantly more effectively versus adherent cells, while no consistent trend was observed when the cells were treated with the NCTs. Disulfiram also affected the expression of proteins associated with NFκB signaling. Comparison of disulfiram to the direct targeting of ALDH1A1 with the NCTs suggests that the broader cellular effects of disulfiram are more suitable as a therapeutic to eradicate TICs from tumors and prevent EOC relapse. In addition to providing insight into a fitting treatment for TICs, the comparison of disulfiram to NCT-505 and -506 has increased our understanding of the mechanism of action of disulfiram. Further elucidation of the mechanism of disulfiram has the potential to reveal additional targets to treat EOC TICs and prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Caminear
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brittney S. Harrington
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rahul D. Kamdar
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- Center for Cancer Research (CCR) Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christina M. Annunziata
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Christina M. Annunziata,
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32
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Zhao X, Tang W, Wang H, He H. Femtosecond-laser stimulation induces senescence of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:791-804. [PMID: 35284179 PMCID: PMC8884195 DOI: 10.1364/boe.449456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells present anti-apoptosis and abnormal proliferation during development. Senescence and stemness of tumor cells play key roles in tumor development and malignancy. In this study, we show the transient stimulation by a single-time scanning of tightly focused femtosecond laser to tumor cells can modulate the stemness and senescence in vitro and in vivo. The laser-induced cellular senescence and stemness present distinct transitions in vitro and in vivo. The cells 1.2 mm deep in tumor tissue are found with significant senescence induced by the transient photostimulations in 100-200 µm shallow layer in vivo, which suppresses the growth of whole tumor in living mice.
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Pluripotency Stemness and Cancer: More Questions than Answers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:77-100. [PMID: 34725790 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells provided us with fascinating new knowledge in recent years. Mechanistic insight into intricate regulatory circuitry governing pluripotency stemness and disclosing parallels between pluripotency stemness and cancer instigated numerous studies focusing on roles of pluripotency transcription factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, Sall4 and Tfcp2L1, in cancer. Although generally well substantiated as tumour-promoting factors, oncogenic roles of pluripotency transcription factors and their clinical impacts are revealing themselves as increasingly complex. In certain tumours, both Oct4 and Sox2 behave as genuine oncogenes, and reporter genes driven by composite regulatory elements jointly recognized by both the factors can identify stem-like cells in a proportion of tumours. On the other hand, cancer stem cells seem to be biologically very heterogeneous both among different tumour types and among and even within individual tumours. Pluripotency transcription factors are certainly implicated in cancer stemness, but do not seem to encompass its entire spectrum. Certain cancer stem cells maintain their stemness by biological mechanisms completely different from pluripotency stemness, sometimes even by engaging signalling pathways that promote differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, while these signalling pathways may well be antithetical to stemness in pluripotent stem cells, they may cooperate with pluripotency factors in cancer stem cells - a paradigmatic example is provided by the MAPK-AP-1 pathway. Unexpectedly, forced expression of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer cells frequently results in loss of their tumour-initiating ability, their phenotypic reversion and partial epigenetic normalization. Besides the very different signalling contexts operating in pluripotent and cancer stem cells, respectively, the pronounced dose dependency of reprogramming pluripotency factors may also contribute to the frequent loss of tumorigenicity observed in induced pluripotent cancer cells. Finally, contradictory cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects of various signalling molecules operate during pluripotency (cancer) reprogramming. The effects of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer are thus best explained within the concept of cancer stem cell heterogeneity.
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Yang J, Peng S, Zhang K. LncRNA RP11-499E18.1 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Process of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Dissociating PAK2-SOX2 Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697831. [PMID: 34621737 PMCID: PMC8490721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC)is a deadly gynecological malignancy worldwide. It is urgent to identify diagnostic biomarkers of OC to disclose the underlying mechanism. Methods and Materials: Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify target genes. Gene expression was detected and altered by qRT-PCR and cell transfection, respectively. The interaction between RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2, as well as that between PAK2 and SOX2, was determined using RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay, respectively. Localizations of RP11-499E18.1, PAK2, and SOX2 were respectively determined employing immunohistochemical (IHC), IF, and FISH. The regulatory effects of RP11-499E18.1, PAK2, and SOX2 on OC cell proliferation, migration, colony formation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factor expression, and SOX2 nuclear translocation were determined. Finally, the effects of RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2 expression on the tumor growth in nude mice were determined. Results: RP11-499E18.1, PAK2, and SOX2 were selected in our study. RP11-499E18.1 was downregulated, while PAK2 and SOX2 was upregulated in OC tissues and cells. RP11-499E18.1 coexists in the nucleus and cytoplasm of OC cells. There is an interaction between RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2, as well as PAK2 and SOX2 in OC cells. Alteration of RP11-499E18.1 and PAK2 expression both had no influence on PAK2 and SOX2 levels, but PAK2 upregulation notably augmented p-SOX2 level. RP11-499E18.1 overexpression suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, as well as SOX2 nuclear translocation. Besides, it inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. However, these effects were notably reversed by PAK2 upregulation and eventually offset by SOX2 knockdown. Additionally, RP11-499E18.1 overexpression reduced PAK2-SOX2 interaction and SOX phosphorylation, and increased the binding of RP11-499E18.1 by PAK2. Conclusion: These lines of evidence demonstrated that RP11-499E18.1 might play its tumor suppressor roles in OC via regulation of the RP11-499E18.1-PAK2-SOX2 axis. This research indicated that RP11-499E18.1 might be used as a diagnostic biomarker for OC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward 5, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Changes in Stem Cell Regulation and Epithelial Organisation during Carcinogenesis and Disease Progression in Gynaecological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133349. [PMID: 34283069 PMCID: PMC8268501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent advances in our understanding of the stem cell potential in adult tissues have far-reaching implications for cancer research, and this creates new opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we outline changes in stem cell biology that characterize main gynaecological malignancies, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, and focus on specific differences between them. We highlight the importance of the local niche environment as a driver of malignant transformation in addition to mutations in key cancer-driving genes. Patient-derived organoids capture in vitro main aspects of cancer tissue architecture and stemness regulatory mechanisms, thus providing a valuable new platform for a personalized approach in the treatment of gynecological malignancies. This review summarizes the main achievement and formulates remaining open questions in this fast-evolving research field. Abstract Gynaecological malignancies represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with vastly different aetiology, risk factors, molecular drivers, and disease outcomes. From HPV-driven cervical cancer where early screening and molecular diagnostics efficiently reduced the number of advanced-stage diagnosis, prevalent and relatively well-treated endometrial cancers, to highly aggressive and mostly lethal high-grade serous ovarian cancer, malignancies of the female genital tract have unique presentations and distinct cell biology features. Recent discoveries of stem cell regulatory mechanisms, development of organoid cultures, and NGS analysis have provided valuable insights into the basic biology of these cancers that could help advance new-targeted therapeutic approaches. This review revisits new findings on stemness and differentiation, considering main challenges and open questions. We focus on the role of stem cell niche and tumour microenvironment in early and metastatic stages of the disease progression and highlight the potential of patient-derived organoid models to study key events in tumour evolution, the appearance of resistance mechanisms, and as screening tools to enable personalisation of drug treatments.
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36
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Therapeutic Strategies for Targeting Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105059. [PMID: 34064635 PMCID: PMC8151268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a fatal gynecological malignancy. Although first-line chemotherapy and surgical operation are effective treatments for ovarian cancer, its clinical management remains a challenge owing to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance and relapse at local or distal lesions. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells inside tumor tissues, and they can self-renew and differentiate. CSCs are responsible for the cancer malignancy involved in relapses as well as resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. These malignant properties of CSCs are regulated by cell surface receptors and intracellular pluripotency-associated factors triggered by internal or external stimuli from the tumor microenvironment. The malignancy of CSCs can be attenuated by individual or combined restraining of cell surface receptors and intracellular pluripotency-associated factors. Therefore, targeted therapy against CSCs is a feasible therapeutic tool against ovarian cancer. In this paper, we review the prominent roles of cell surface receptors and intracellular pluripotency-associated factors in mediating the stemness and malignancy of ovarian CSCs.
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