1
|
Jazieh K, Yoon H, Zhu M. Advances in Immunotherapy in Esophagogastric Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:599-616. [PMID: 38493074 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are rapidly transforming the care of patients with esophagogastric cancer. Particularly, anti-PD-1 therapy has demonstrated promising efficacy in metastatic and resectable disease. In this review, the authors discuss landmark clinical trials, highlight challenges and opportunities in this field, and propose potential directions for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Jazieh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Harry Yoon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mojun Zhu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gambichler T, Finis C, Abu Rached N, Scheel CH, Becker JC, Lang K, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T, Abolmaali N, Susok L. Expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1241-1247. [PMID: 35419731 PMCID: PMC9984342 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the protein expression of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM) under immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on tumor tissue for MMR proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 in 50 metastatic CM patients treated with ICI (ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab). RESULTS Best overall response (BOR) rate was 48% (24/50). Reduced MMR protein expression (nuclear expression in < 80% of tumor cells) was observed in 8 patients (16%). Compared to other clinical parameters, baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and reduced intratumoral MMR protein expression (P = 0.0033) were determined as the only parameters significantly associated with favorable BOR. However, in this small study population, reduced MMR protein expression did not reach statistical significance in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Reduced MMR protein expression is observed in CM and might predict favorable BOR in patients treated with ICI, as was observed for other entities. However, these findings need to be substantiated in larger patient cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstraße, 5644791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - C Finis
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstraße, 5644791, Bochum, Germany
| | - N Abu Rached
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstraße, 5644791, Bochum, Germany
| | - C H Scheel
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstraße, 5644791, Bochum, Germany
| | - J C Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, DKTK Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, West German Cancer Center, Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Lang
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - H U Käfferlein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances, Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - N Abolmaali
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Susok
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstraße, 5644791, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Xiang J, Peng G, Shen C. Omics- and Pharmacogenomic Evidence for the Prognostic, Regulatory, and Immune-Related Roles of PBK in a Pan-Cancer Cohort. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:785370. [PMID: 34859058 PMCID: PMC8632063 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.785370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) is known to regulate tumor progression in some cancer types. However, its relationship to immune cell infiltration and prognosis in different cancers is unclear. This was investigated in the present study by analyzing data from TCGA, GEO, GETx, TIMER, CPTAC, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, GSCALite, PROGNOSCAN, PharmacoDB, STRING, and ENCORI databases. PBK was overexpressed in most tumors including adenocortical carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.178, p < 0.001), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC; HR = 1.907, p < 0.001), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (HR = 3.024, p < 0.001), and lung adenocarcinoma (HR = 1.255, p < 0.001), in which it was associated with poor overall survival and advanced pathologic stage. PBK methylation level was a prognostic marker in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). PBK expression was positively correlated with the levels of BIRC5, CCNB1, CDC20, CDK1, DLGAP5, MAD2L1, MELK, PLK1, TOP2A, and TTK in 32 tumor types; and with the levels of the transcription factors E2F1 and MYC, which regulate apoptosis, the cell cycle, cell proliferation and invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. It was also negatively regulated by the microRNAs hsa-miR-101-5p, hsa-miR-145-5p, and hsa-miR-5694. PBK expression in KIRC, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, THCA, and thymoma was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells including B cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils. The results of the functional enrichment analysis suggested that PBK and related genes contribute to tumor development via cell cycle regulation. We also identified 20 drugs that potentially inhibit PBK expression. Thus, PBK is associated with survival outcome in a variety of cancers and may promote tumor development and progression by increasing immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. These findings indicate that PBK is a potential therapeutic target and has prognostic value in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenfu Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
METTL7B is a novel prognostic biomarker of lower-grade glioma based on pan-cancer analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:383. [PMID: 34281539 PMCID: PMC8287669 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 7B (METTL7B) is a member of the methyltransferase-like protein family that plays an important role in the development and progression of tumors. However, its prognostic value and the correlation of METTL7B expression and tumor immunity in some cancers remain unclear. By analyzing online data, we found that METTL7B is abnormally overexpressed in multiple human tumors and plays an important role in the overall survival (OS) of patients with 8 cancer types and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with 5 cancer types. Remarkably, METTL7B expression was positively correlated with the OS and DFS of patients with lower-grade glioma (LGG). In addition, a positive correlation between METTL7B expression and immune cell infiltration in LGG was observed. Moreover, we identified a strong correlation between METTL7B expression and immune checkpoint gene expression in kidney chromophobe (KICH), LGG and pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCPG). Furthermore, METTL7B was involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune-related pathways in LGGs. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that knockdown of METTL7B inhibited the growth, migration, invasion and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LGG cells. METTL7B expression potentially represents a novel prognostic biomarker due to its significant association with immune cell infiltration in LGG.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin T, Zhao D, Yao S. Identification of a Genome Instability-Associated LncRNA Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Colon Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:679150. [PMID: 34163531 PMCID: PMC8215581 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.679150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to have the potential in maintaining genome instability, but the identification of lncRNAs related to genome instability and their prognostic value have not been largely explored in colon cancer. In this study, we obtained 155 genome instability-associated lncRNAs based on somatic mutation profiles in colon cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the possible roles of genes co-expressed with those lncRNAs involved in some cancer, genome instability and immune related biological processes. Combined with overall survival data, a seven-lncRNA signature was established for prognosis prediction. According to the risk score calculated by this signature, high-risk patients characterized by high somatic mutation count, high microsatellite instability, significantly poorer clinical outcomes and specific tumor immune infiltration status compared with low-risk patients. The lncRNA signature was validated to be an independent prognostic indicator with good predictive performance in TCGA cohort. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the ZNF503-AS1 in lncRNA signature was confirmed in another independent dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus database. In summary, the genome instability-associated lncRNA signature in this study could be a promising tool for effectively predicting survival outcomes in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Yin
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Yao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gambichler T, Abu Rached N, Tannapfel A, Becker JC, Vogt M, Skrygan M, Wieland U, Silling S, Susok L, Stücker M, Meyer T, Stockfleth E, Junker K, Käfferlein HU, Brüning T, Lang K. Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112524. [PMID: 34063983 PMCID: PMC8196722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly malignant skin cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation. About 80% are Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) positive. The aim of this work was to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) in MCC (n = 56). In a second step, tumors with a low expression were tested for microsatellite instability. Microsatellite instability in MCC could have an impact on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) outcome. This study showed a significant association between low expression of mismatch repair proteins and a negative MCPyV status. Microsatellite instability was detected in only one case. Future studies will establish whether this subset of MCC patients respond better to ICI. Abstract We aimed to assess for the first time the mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Immunohistochemistry was performed for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 on patients’ tumor tissue (n = 56), including neighbored healthy control tissue. In cases with low-level MMR expression (<10th percentile), we performed multiplex PCR in combination with high-resolution capillary electrophoresis in order to confirm microsatellite instability (MSI). Microscopic evaluation revealed a high median expression for all MMR proteins studied (91.6–96.3%). However, six patients (56/10.7%) had low-level MLH1 expression, six (55/10.9%) had low-level MSH2 expression, five (56/8.9%) had low-level MSH6 expression, and six (54/11.1%) had low-level PMS2 expression. Together, we observed nine (56/16.1%) patients who had low-level MMR expression of at least one protein. Of the patients with low-level MMR expression, MSI evaluation was possible in five cases, revealing one case with high-level MSI. In all MMR proteins assessed, low-level expression was significantly (p = 0.0004 to p < 0.0001) associated with a negative Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) status. However, the expression profiles of the MMR proteins did not correlate with clinical outcome measures such as disease relapse or death (p > 0.05). MCC appears to be a malignancy characterized by low-level MMR rather than completely deficient MMR in a subset of cases, predominantly affecting MCPyV-negative tumors. Future studies will establish whether this subset of MCC patients respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gambichler
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (N.A.R.); Tel.: +49-234-509-6073 (N.A.R.)
| | - Nessr Abu Rached
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (N.A.R.); Tel.: +49-234-509-6073 (N.A.R.)
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (A.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, Department of Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Vogt
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (A.T.); (M.V.)
| | - Marina Skrygan
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Ulrike Wieland
- National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (U.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Steffi Silling
- National Reference Center for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany; (U.W.); (S.S.)
| | - Laura Susok
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Markus Stücker
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Skin Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (M.S.); (L.S.); (M.S.); (T.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Klaus Junker
- Department of Pathology, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, 28205 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Heiko U. Käfferlein
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances (IPA), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (H.U.K.); (T.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances (IPA), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (H.U.K.); (T.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Kerstin Lang
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurances (IPA), Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany; (H.U.K.); (T.B.); (K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|