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Wang L, Li X, Xu C, Wang D, Ma C, Wang Z, Li Y, Li Z. Unveiling novel cell clusters and biomarkers in glioblastoma and its peritumoral microenvironment at the single-cell perspective. J Transl Med 2024; 22:551. [PMID: 38851695 PMCID: PMC11162569 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous, recurrent and aggressively invasive primary malignant brain tumor. The heterogeneity of GBM results in poor targeted therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to depict the cellular landscape of GBM and its peritumor from a single-cell perspective. Discovering new cell subtypes and biomarkers, and providing a theoretical basis for precision therapy. METHODS We collected 8 tissue samples from 4 GBM patients to perform 10 × single-cell transcriptome sequencing. Quality control and filtering of data by Seurat package for clustering. Inferring copy number variations to identify malignant cells via the infercnv package. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by GSVA and clusterProfiler packages. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein interaction networks. Inferring transcription factors by pySCENIC. Building cell differentiation trajectories via the monocle package. To infer intercellular communication networks by CellPhoneDB software. RESULTS We observed that the tumor microenvironment (TME) varies among different locations and different GBM patients. We identified a proliferative cluster of oligodendrocytes with high expression of mitochondrial genes. We also identified two clusters of myeloid cells, one primarily located in the peritumor exhibiting an M1 phenotype with elevated TNFAIP8L3 expression, and another in the tumor and peritumor showing a proliferative tendency towards an M2 phenotype with increased DTL expression. We identified XIST, KCNH7, SYT1 and DIAPH3 as potential factors associated with the proliferation of malignant cells in GBM. CONCLUSIONS These biomarkers and cell clusters we discovered may serve as targets for treatment. Targeted drugs developed against these biomarkers and cell clusters may enhance treatment efficacy, optimize immune therapy strategies, and improve the response rates of GBM patients to immunotherapy. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of individualized treatment and precision medicine for GBM, which may be used to improve the survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chengshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Danwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Zefen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Brain Glioma Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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2
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Nusraty S, Boddeti U, Zaghloul KA, Brown DA. Microglia in Glioblastomas: Molecular Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38893093 PMCID: PMC11171200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and devastating primary brain tumors, with a median survival of 15 months following diagnosis. Despite the intense treatment regimen which routinely includes maximal safe neurosurgical resection followed by adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy, the disease remains uniformly fatal. The poor prognosis associated with GBM is multifactorial owing to factors such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolic switching to glycolytic pathways. Critically, GBM-mediated local and systemic immunosuppression result in inadequate immune surveillance and ultimately, tumor-immune escape. Microglia-the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS)-play crucial roles in mediating the local immune response in the brain. Depending on the specific pathological cues, microglia are activated into either a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic phenotype, known as M1, or an anti-inflammatory, regenerative phenotype, known as M2. In either case, microglia secrete corresponding pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that either promote or hinder tumor growth. Herein, we review the interplay between GBM cells and resident microglia with a focus on contemporary studies highlighting the effect of GBM on the subtypes of microglia expressed, the associated cytokines/chemokines secreted, and ultimately, their impact on tumor pathogenesis. Finally, we explore how understanding the intricacies of the tumor-immune landscape can inform novel immunotherapeutic strategies against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Desmond A. Brown
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.); (U.B.); (K.A.Z.)
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3
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Solomou G, Young AMH, Bulstrode HJCJ. Microglia and macrophages in glioblastoma: landscapes and treatment directions. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38712663 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of the central nervous system and remains uniformly and rapidly fatal. The tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) compartment comprises brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) recruited from the periphery. Immune-suppressive and tumour-supportive TAM cell states predominate in glioblastoma, and immunotherapies, which have achieved striking success in other solid tumours have consistently failed to improve survival in this 'immune-cold' niche context. Hypoxic and necrotic regions in the tumour core are found to enrich, especially in anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive TAM cell states. Microglia predominate at the invasive tumour margin and express pro-inflammatory and interferon TAM cell signatures. Depletion of TAMs, or repolarisation towards a pro-inflammatory state, are appealing therapeutic strategies and will depend on effective understanding and classification of TAM cell ontogeny and state based on new single-cell and spatial multi-omic in situ profiling. Here, we explore the application of these datasets to expand and refine TAM characterisation, to inform improved modelling approaches, and ultimately underpin the effective manipulation of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Solomou
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam M H Young
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry J C J Bulstrode
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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4
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Tang W, Lo CWS, Ma W, Chu ATW, Tong AHY, Chung BHY. Revealing the role of SPP1 + macrophages in glioma prognosis and therapeutic targeting by investigating tumor-associated macrophage landscape in grade 2 and 3 gliomas. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:37. [PMID: 38515213 PMCID: PMC10956315 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is a highly heterogeneous brain tumor categorized into World Health Organization (WHO) grades 1-4 based on its malignancy. The suppressive immune microenvironment of glioma contributes significantly to unfavourable patient outcomes. However, the cellular composition and their complex interplays within the glioma environment remain poorly understood, and reliable prognostic markers remain elusive. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identification of predictive markers are crucial for improving the clinical management of glioma patients. RESULTS Our analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data from glioma samples unveiled the immunosuppressive role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), mediated through intricate interactions with tumor cells and lymphocytes. We also discovered the heterogeneity within TAMs, among which a group of suppressive TAMs named TAM-SPP1 demonstrated a significant association with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification, impaired T cell response and unfavourable patient survival outcomes. Furthermore, by leveraging genomic and transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, two distinct molecular subtypes with a different constitution of TAMs, EGFR status and clinical outcomes were identified. Exploiting the molecular differences between these two subtypes, we developed a four-gene-based prognostic model. This model displayed strong associations with an elevated level of suppressive TAMs and could be used to predict anti-tumor immune response and prognosis in glioma patients. CONCLUSION Our findings illuminated the molecular and cellular mechanisms that shape the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gliomas, providing novel insights into potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the developed prognostic model holds promise for predicting immunotherapy response and assisting in more precise risk stratification for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Tang
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cario W S Lo
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Annie T W Chu
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amy H Y Tong
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Hong Kong Genome Institute, 2/F, Building 20E, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Redmer T, Schumann E, Peters K, Weidemeier ME, Nowak S, Schroeder HWS, Vidal A, Radbruch H, Lehmann A, Kreuzer-Redmer S, Jürchott K, Radke J. MET receptor serves as a promising target in melanoma brain metastases. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:44. [PMID: 38386085 PMCID: PMC10884227 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of brain metastases hallmarks disease progression in 20-40% of melanoma patients and is a serious obstacle to therapy. Understanding the processes involved in the development and maintenance of melanoma brain metastases (MBM) is critical for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we generated transcriptome and methylome profiles of MBM showing high or low abundance of infiltrated Iba1high tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs). Our survey identified potential prognostic markers of favorable disease course and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICi) therapy, among them APBB1IP and the interferon-responsive gene ITGB7. In MBM with high ITGB7/APBB1IP levels, the accumulation of TAMs correlated significantly with the immune score. Signature-based deconvolution of MBM via single sample GSEA revealed enrichment of interferon-response and immune signatures and revealed inflammation, stress and MET receptor signaling. MET receptor phosphorylation/activation maybe elicited by inflammatory processes in brain metastatic melanoma cells via stroma cell-released HGF. We found phospho-METY1234/1235 in a subset of MBM and observed a marked response of brain metastasis-derived cell lines (BMCs) that lacked druggable BRAF mutations or developed resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in vivo to MET inhibitors PHA-665752 and ARQ197 (tivantinib). In summary, the activation of MET receptor in brain colonizing melanoma cells by stromal cell-released HGF may promote tumor self-maintenance and expansion and might counteract ICi therapy. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of MET possibly serves as a promising strategy to control intracranial progressive disease and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Redmer
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Pathology, Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisa Schumann
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, CCCC (Campus Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Peters
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin E Weidemeier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Nowak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry W S Schroeder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Vidal
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Kreuzer-Redmer
- Nutrigenomics Unit, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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6
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Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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7
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Heinrich MA, Huynh NT, Heinrich L, Prakash J. Understanding glioblastoma stromal barriers against NK cell attack using tri-culture 3D spheroid model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24808. [PMID: 38317968 PMCID: PMC10838749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive tumor type with a dismal survival rate, has a poor outcome which is at least partly attributed to the crosstalk between cancer cells and cells from the tumor microenvironment such as astrocytes and microglia. We aimed to decipher the effect of these cells on GBM progression and on cell-based therapies using 3D co-cultures. Co-culturing of glioblastoma cells with patient-derived astrocytes or microglia or both formed dense and heterogeneous spheroids. Both, astrocytes and microglia, enhanced the spheroid growth rate and formed a physical barrier for macromolecules penetration, while only astrocytes enhanced the migration. Interestingly bi-/tri-cultured spheroids showed significant resistance against NK-92 cells, likely attributed to dense stroma and induced expression of immunosuppressive genes such as IDO1 or PTGES2. Altogether, our novel 3D GBM spheroid model recapitulates the cell-to-cell interactions of human glioblastoma and can serve as a suitable platform for evaluating cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lena Heinrich
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering & Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering & Therapeutics, Engineered Therapeutics Section, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
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8
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Wu X, Wang S, Wang C, Wu C, Zhao Z. Bioinformatics analysis identifies coagulation factor II receptor as a potential biomarker in stomach adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2468. [PMID: 38291086 PMCID: PMC10827804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulation factor 2 thrombin receptor (F2R), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, plays an important role in regulating blood clotting through protein hydrolytic cleavage mediated receptor activation. However, the underlying biological mechanisms by which F2R affects the development of gastric adenocarcinoma are not fully understood. This study aimed to systematically analyze the role of F2R in gastric adenocarcinoma. Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD)-related gene microarray data and corresponding clinicopathological information were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differential expression genes (DEGs) associated with F2R were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. F2R mRNA expression data were utilized to estimate stromal cell and immune cell scores in gastric cancer tissue samples, including stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE score, derived from single-sample enrichment studies. Analysis of TCGA and GEO databases revealed significantly higher F2R expression in STAD tissues compared to normal tissues. Patients with high F2R expression had shorter survival times than those with low F2R expression. F2R expression was significantly correlated with tumor (T) stage, node (N) stage, histological grade and pathological stage. Enrichment analysis of F2R-related genes showed that GO terms were mainly related to circulation-mediated human immune response, immunoglobulin, cell recognition and phagocytosis. KEGG analysis indicated associations to extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interactions, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, the phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. GSEA revealed connections to DNA replication, the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. Drug sensitivity analysis demonstrated positive correlations between F2R and several drugs, including BEZ235, CGP-60474, Dasatinib, HG-6-64-1, Aazopanib, Rapamycin, Sunitinib and TGX221, while negative correlation with CP724714, FH535, GSK1904529A, JNK-9L, LY317615, pyrimidine, rTRAIL and Vinorelbine. Knocking down F2R in GC cell lines resulted in slowed proliferation, migration, and invasion. All statistical analyses were performed using R software (version 4.2.1) and GraphPad Prism 9.0. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In conclusion, this study underscores the significance of F2R as a potential biomarker in gastric adenocarcinoma, shedding light on its molecular mechanisms in tumorigenesis. F2R holds promise for aiding in the diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy of STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Hospital of Lu'an, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Lu'an, 237000, Anhui, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Chenci Wang
- Department of Oncology, Funan County People's Hospital, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing College, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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9
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Lima IS, Soares ÉN, Nonaka CKV, Souza BSDF, dos Santos BL, Costa SL. Flavonoid Rutin Presented Anti-Glioblastoma Activity Related to the Modulation of Onco miRNA-125b Expression and STAT3 Signaling and Impact on Microglia Inflammatory Profile. Brain Sci 2024; 14:90. [PMID: 38248305 PMCID: PMC10814059 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumor. In the GBM microenvironment, interaction with microglia is associated with the dysregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and miRNAs, contributing to angiogenesis, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The flavonoid rutin can inhibit glioma cell growth associated with microglial activation and production of pro-inflammatory mediators by mechanisms that are still poorly understood. The present study investigated the effect of rutin on viability, regulation of miRNA-125b, and the STAT3 expression in GBM cells, as well as the effects on the modulation of the inflammatory profile and STAT3 expression in microglia during indirect interaction with GBM cells. Human GL15-GBM cells and human C20 microglia were treated or not with rutin for 24 h. Rutin (30-50 μM) significantly reduced the viability of GL15 cells; however, it did not affect the viability of microglia. Rutin (30 μM) significantly reduced the expression of miRNA-125b in the cells and secretome and STAT3 expression. Microglia submitted to the conditioned medium from GBM cells treated with rutin showed reactive morphology associated with reduced expression of IL-6, TNF, and STAT3. These results reiterate the anti-glioma effects of the flavonoid, which may also modulate microglia towards a more responsive anti-tumor phenotype, constituting a promising molecule for adjuvant therapy to GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlã Santos Lima
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
| | - Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D’Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
| | - Balbino Lino dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
- College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Brazil; (I.S.L.); (É.N.S.)
- National Institute of Translation Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Kushihara Y, Tanaka S, Kobayashi Y, Nagaoka K, Kikuchi M, Nejo T, Yamazawa E, Nambu S, Kugasawa K, Takami H, Takayanagi S, Saito N, Kakimi K. Glioblastoma with high O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase expression are more immunologically active than tumors with low MGMT expression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328375. [PMID: 38288307 PMCID: PMC10824125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor. The effectiveness of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment in GBM is linked to the methylation status of O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. Patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter have limited treatment options available. Consequently, there is a pressing need for alternative therapeutic strategies for such patients. Methods Data, including transcriptomic and clinical information, as well as information on MGMT promoter methylation status in primary GBM, were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n=121) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) (n=83) datasets. Samples were categorized into high and low MGMT expression groups, MGMT-high (MGMT-H) and MGMT-low (MGMT-L) tumors. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis was conducted to explore the tumor-immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we integrated transcriptome data from 13 GBM patients operated at our institution with findings from tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cultures, specifically investigating their response to autologous tumors. Results Gene signatures associated with various immune cells, including CD8 T cells, helper T cells, B cells, and macrophages, were noted in MGMT-H tumors. Pathway analysis confirmed the enrichment of immune cell-related pathways. Additionally, biological processes involved in the activation of monocytes and lymphocytes were observed in MGMT-H tumors. Furthermore, TIL culture experiments showed a greater presence of tumor-reactive T cells in MGMT-H tumors compared to MGMT-L tumors. These findings suggest that MGMT-H tumors has a potential for enhanced immune response against tumors mediated by CD8 T cells. Conclusion Our study provides novel insights into the immune cell composition of MGMT-H tumors, which is characterized by the infiltration of type 1 helper T cells and activated B cells, and also the presence of tumor-reactive T cells evidenced by TIL culture. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immune response in MGMT-H tumors, emphasizing their potential for immunotherapy. Further studies are warranted to investigate on the mechanisms of MGMT expression and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kushihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyu Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Yamazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Genome Science and Medicine, Research center for Advanced Science and technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Nambu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuha Kugasawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Takayanagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Rynda AY, Rostovthev DM, Zabrodskaya YM, Olyushin VE. Immunotherapy with autologous dendritic cells in the complex treatment of malignant gliomas - results. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:309-319. [PMID: 38227144 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
ANNOTATION Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumor. Despite the variety of modern treatments, it is still a fatal disease with an extremely poor prognosis. The use of immunotherapy as a technique for the treatment of malignant tumors has great promise, retraining and exploiting the patient's immune response against tumors. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the effectiveness of dendritic cell vaccine in patients with malignant brain gliomas in the structure of complex treatment in comparison with the control group of patients without immunotherapy in the structure of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a single-center, prospective, cohort study, taking place on the basis of the RNSI named after prof. A.L. Polenov, 91 patients with morphologically established malignant glial tumor (glioblastoma) took part. The main group of 41 patients who, in addition to standard treatment (surgical, radiation and chemotherapy), underwent specific antitumor immunotherapy. 50 patients received only standard treatment, without immunotherapy. RESULTS Median survival was 21.7 months in the immunotherapy group (95% CI 4-37 months) and 15.8 months (95% CI 3-22 months) in the non-immunotherapy group (p = 0.002). The median relapse-free period in the group with immunotherapy was 13.8 months (95% CI 1-20 months), and in the group without immunotherapy 7.9 months (95% CI 1-12 months) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION In general, the use of immunotherapy in the structure of complex treatment of patients with malignant gliomas demonstrates a clear positive trend in terms of overall survival and median relapse-free period. But nevertheless, immunotherapy requires further development as a therapeutic tool, study and improvement, which will take into account immunosuppression in malignant gliomas and means of overcoming it, optimization in terms of target antigen selection, cell preparation and integration of dendritic vaccines into other treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii Yuryevich Rynda
- Russian Neurosurgical Institute (RNSI) named after prof. A.L. Polenov- a branch of the National Medical Research Center named after V.A. Almazov »Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii M Rostovthev
- Russian Neurosurgical Institute (RNSI) named after prof. A.L. Polenov- a branch of the National Medical Research Center named after V.A. Almazov »Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia M Zabrodskaya
- Russian Neurosurgical Institute (RNSI) named after prof. A.L. Polenov- a branch of the National Medical Research Center named after V.A. Almazov »Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor E Olyushin
- Russian Neurosurgical Institute (RNSI) named after prof. A.L. Polenov- a branch of the National Medical Research Center named after V.A. Almazov »Ministry of Health of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Macedo C, Costa PC, Rodrigues F. Bioactive compounds from Actinidia arguta fruit as a new strategy to fight glioblastoma. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113770. [PMID: 38129059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant demand for natural products as a mean of disease prevention or as an alternative to conventional medications. The driving force for this change is the growing recognition of the abundant presence of valuable bioactive compounds in natural products. On recent years Actinia arguta fruit, also known as kiwiberry, has attracted a lot of attention from scientific community due to its richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamins, carotenoids and fiber. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit's diverse outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties, the fruit may have the potential to be used in the treatment/prevention of various types of cancer, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, displaying 90 % of recurrence rate within a span of 2 years. Despite the employment of an aggressive approach, the prognosis remains unfavorable, emphasizing the urgent requirement for the development of new effective treatments. The preclinical evidence suggests that kiwiberry has potential impact on glioblastoma by reducing the cancer self-renewal, modulating the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell phenotype and metabolism, and influencing the consolidation of the tumor microenvironment. Even though, challenges such as the imprecise composition and concentration of bioactive compounds, and its low bioavailability after oral administration may be drawbacks to the development of kiwiberry-based treatments, being urgent to ensure the safety and efficacy of kiwiberry for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of A. arguta bioactive compounds on glioblastoma, providing novel insights into their applicability as complementary or alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Costa
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Şen Ö, Emanet M, Mazzuferi M, Bartolucci M, Catalano F, Prato M, Moscato S, Marino A, De Pasquale D, Pugliese G, Bonaccorso F, Pellegrini V, Castillo AEDR, Petretto A, Ciofani G. Microglia Polarization and Antiglioma Effects Fostered by Dual Cell Membrane-Coated Doxorubicin-Loaded Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoflakes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58260-58273. [PMID: 38051559 PMCID: PMC10739601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cells play a critical role in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression, which is considered a highly malignant brain cancer. The activation of microglia can either promote or inhibit GBM growth depending on the stage of the tumor development and on the microenvironment conditions. The current treatments for GBM have limited efficacy; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel and efficient strategies for drug delivery and targeting: in this context, a promising strategy consists of using nanoplatforms. This study investigates the microglial response and the therapeutic efficacy of dual-cell membrane-coated and doxorubicin-loaded hexagonal boron nitride nanoflakes tested on human microglia and GBM cells. Obtained results show promising therapeutic effects on glioma cells and an M2 microglia polarization, which refers to a specific phenotype or activation state that is associated with anti-inflammatory and tissue repair functions, highlighted through proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Şen
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Melis Emanet
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzuferi
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
- Department
of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core
Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron
Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di
Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials
Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University
of Pisa, Via Roma 55, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Giammarino Pugliese
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional
SPA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, Genova 16163, Italy
- Graphene
Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pellegrini
- BeDimensional
SPA, Lungotorrente Secca
30R, Genova 16163, Italy
- Graphene
Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Petretto
- Core
Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Smart
Bio-Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa 56025, Italy
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14
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Dai L, Jing Z, Zhu Y, Deng K, Ma L. Genome-wide analysis of circulating tumor DNA methylation profiles in cerebrospinal fluid: a clinical trial of oncolytic virus for glioblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:5950-5965. [PMID: 38187045 PMCID: PMC10767359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common malignant tumor of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis and a short survival period. A novel tumor oncolytic virus, Ad-TD-nsIL-12, has manifested anti-tumor properties in preclinical studies. However, the genetic changes caused by Ad-TD-nsIL-12 after GBM treatment are unclear. Therefore, we collected cerebrospinal fluid and tumor tissues from patients injected with Ad-TD-nsIL-12 at different time points and analyzed the methylation and expression profiles of cerebrospinal fluid-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The differential genes were screened using the least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to assess the abundance of glioma immune cell infiltration in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The role of hub genes in the diagnosis, prognosis, and immune cell correlation was analyzed using R software, SPSS software, and GraphPad Prism. The results showed that after Ad-TD-nsIL-12 injection, 3631 differential methylation regions (DMRs) were up-regulated and 497 DMRs were down-regulated. The methylation levels of these DMRs recovered within 70 to 82 days. Combined with the TCGA dataset, 8 key genes were selected for the construction of diagnostic and prognostic models. There was a significant correlation between core genes and immune cells. The results revealed that the hub genes in CSF could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of GBM and led us to speculate the effect of the hub gene on the immune mechanism underlying Ad-TD-nsIL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou 256603, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou 256603, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou 256603, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Kaihan Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhou 256603, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093, P. R. China
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15
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Adir O, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Ben-Menachem S, Pasmanik-Chor M, Hoon DSB, Witz IP, Izraely S. Heterogeneity in the Metastatic Microenvironment: JunB-Expressing Microglia Cells as Potential Drivers of Melanoma Brain Metastasis Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4979. [PMID: 37894348 PMCID: PMC10605008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal signaling between melanoma brain metastatic (MBM) cells and microglia reprograms the phenotype of both interaction partners, including upregulation of the transcription factor JunB in microglia. Here, we aimed to elucidate the impact of microglial JunB upregulation on MBM progression. For molecular profiling, we employed RNA-seq and reverse-phase protein array (RPPA). To test microglial JunB functions, we generated microglia variants stably overexpressing JunB (JunBhi) or with downregulated levels of JunB (JunBlo). Melanoma-derived factors, namely leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), controlled JunB upregulation through Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. The expression levels of JunB in melanoma-associated microglia were heterogeneous. Flow cytometry analysis revealed the existence of basal-level JunB-expressing microglia alongside microglia highly expressing JunB. Proteomic profiling revealed a differential protein expression in JunBhi and JunBlo cells, namely the expression of microglia activation markers Iba-1 and CD150, and the immunosuppressive molecules SOCS3 and PD-L1. Functionally, JunBhi microglia displayed decreased migratory capacity and phagocytic activity. JunBlo microglia reduced melanoma proliferation and migration, while JunBhi microglia preserved the ability of melanoma cells to proliferate in three-dimensional co-cultures, that was abrogated by targeting leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) in control microglia-melanoma spheroids. Altogether, these data highlight a melanoma-mediated heterogenous effect on microglial JunB expression, dictating the nature of their functional involvement in MBM progression. Targeting microglia highly expressing JunB may potentially be utilized for MBM theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Adir
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.A.); (O.S.-A.); (T.M.); (S.B.-M.); (I.P.W.)
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.A.); (O.S.-A.); (T.M.); (S.B.-M.); (I.P.W.)
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.A.); (O.S.-A.); (T.M.); (S.B.-M.); (I.P.W.)
| | - Shlomit Ben-Menachem
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.A.); (O.S.-A.); (T.M.); (S.B.-M.); (I.P.W.)
| | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Dave S. B. Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Saint John’s Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA;
| | - Isaac P. Witz
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.A.); (O.S.-A.); (T.M.); (S.B.-M.); (I.P.W.)
| | - Sivan Izraely
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (O.A.); (O.S.-A.); (T.M.); (S.B.-M.); (I.P.W.)
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16
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Martins C, Sarmento B. Multi-ligand functionalized blood-to-tumor sequential targeting strategies in the field of glioblastoma nanomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1893. [PMID: 37186374 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an unmet clinical need characterized by a standard of care (SOC) 5-year survival rate of only 5%, and a treatment mostly palliative. Significant hurdles in GBM therapies include an effective penetration of therapeutics through the brain protective barrier, namely the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and a successful therapeutic delivery to brain-invading tumor cells post-BBB crossing. These hurdles, along with the poor prognosis and critical heterogeneity of the disease, have shifted attention to treatment modalities with capacity to precisely and sequentially target (i) BBB cells, inducing blood-to-brain transport, and (ii) GBM cells, leading to a higher therapeutic accumulation at the tumor site. This sequential targeting allows therapeutic molecules to reach the brain parenchyma and compromise molecular processes that support tumor cell invasion. Besides improving formulation and pharmacokinetics constraints of drugs, nanomedicines offer the possibility of being surface functionalized with multiple possibilities of targeting ligands, while delivering the desired therapeutic cargos to the biological sites of interest. Targeting ligands exploit the site-specific expression or overexpression of specific molecules on BBB and GBM cells, triggering brain plus tumor transport. Since the efficacy of single-ligand functionalized nanomedicines is limited due to the GBM anatomical site (brain) and disease complexity, this review presents an overview of multi-ligand functionalized, BBB and GBM sequentially- and dual-targeted nanomedicines reported in literature over the last 10 years. The role of the BBB in GBM progression, treatment options, and the multiple possibilities of currently available targeting ligands will be summarized. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Martins
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
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17
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Chen HC, Chang WC, Chuang JY, Chang KY, Liou JP, Hsu TI. The complex role of eicosanoids in the brain: Implications for brain tumor development and therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188957. [PMID: 37488051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are a family of bioactive lipids that play diverse roles in the normal physiology of the brain, including neuronal signaling, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of cerebral blood flow. In the brain, eicosanoids are primarily derived from arachidonic acid, which is released from membrane phospholipids in response to various stimuli. Prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) are the major classes of eicosanoids produced in the brain, and they act through specific receptors to modulate various physiological and pathological processes. Dysregulation of eicosanoids has been implicated in the development and progression of brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), meningioma, and medulloblastoma. Eicosanoids have been shown to promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy. Particularly, PGE2 promotes GBM cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in brain tumors can inform the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic strategies that target eicosanoid pathways. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the growth and invasiveness of GBM cells. Moreover, eicosanoids have immunomodulatory effects that can impact the immune response to brain tumors. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in the immune response to brain tumors can inform the development of immunotherapy approaches for these tumors. Overall, the complex role of eicosanoids in the brain underscores the importance of further research to elucidate their functions in normal physiology and disease, and highlights the potential for developing novel therapeutic approaches that target eicosanoid pathways in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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18
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Sheng Y, Chen B, Liu L, Li S, Huang S, Cheng S, Li Z, Ping Y, Gong Z, Dong J. Long noncoding RNA HOXC-AS3 remodels lipid metabolism and promotes the proliferation of transformed macrophages in the glioma stem cell microenvironment by regulating the hnRNPA1/CaM axis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19034. [PMID: 37609424 PMCID: PMC10440527 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism remodelling of macrophages in the glioblastoma microenvironment contributes to immunotherapeutic resistance. However, glioma stem cell (GSC)-initiated lipid metabolism remodelling of transformed macrophages (tMΦs) and its effect on the glioblastoma microenvironment have not been fully elucidated. Total cholesterol (TC) levels and lipid metabolism enzyme expression in macrophages in the GSC microenvironment were evaluated and found that the TC levels of tMΦs were increased, and the expression of the lipid metabolism enzymes calmodulin (CaM), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and liver X receptor (LXR) was upregulated. Knockdown of HOXC-AS3 led to a decrease in the proliferation, colony formation, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity of tMΦs. Downregulation of CaM resulted in a decline in TC levels. HOXC-AS3 overexpression led to increases in both CaM expression levels and TC levels in tMΦs. RNA pull down and mass spectrometry experiments were conducted and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) was screened as the HOXC-AS3 binding proteins related to lipid metabolism. RIP and RNA pull down assays verified that HOXC-AS3 can form a complex with hnRNPA1. Knockdown of hnRNPA1 downregulated CaM expression; however, downregulation of HOXC-AS3 did not affect hnRNPA1 expression.TMΦs underwent lipid metabolism remodelling induced by GSC via the HOXC-AS3/hnRNPA1/CaM pathway, which enhanced the protumor activities of tMΦs, and may serve as a potential metabolic intervening target to improve glioblastoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baomin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suwen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shilu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Hu G, Fang Y, Xu H, Wang G, Yang R, Gao F, Wei Q, Gu Y, Zhang C, Qiu J, Gao N, Wen Q, Qiao H. Identification of Cytochrome P450 2E1 as a Novel Target in Glioma and Development of Its Inhibitor as an Anti-Tumor Agent. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301096. [PMID: 37283464 PMCID: PMC10427391 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating inflammation-related cancer for which novel therapeutic targets are urgently required. Previous studies of the authors indicate Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) as a novel inflammatory target and develop a specific inhibitor Q11. Here it is demonstrated that CYP2E1 overexpression is closely related to higher malignancy in GBM patients. CYP2E1 activity is positively correlated with tumor weight in GBM rats. Significantly higher CYP2E1 expression accompanied by increased inflammation is detected in a mouse GBM model. Q11, 1-(4-methyl-5-thialzolyl) ethenone, a newly developed specific inhibitor of CYP2E1 here remarkably attenuates tumor growth and prolongs survival in vivo. Q11 does not directly affect tumor cells but blocks the tumor-promoting effect of microglia/macrophage (M/Mφ) in the tumor microenvironment through PPARγ-mediated activation of the STAT-1 and NF-κB pathways and inhibition of the STAT-3 and STAT-6 pathways. The effectiveness and safety of targeting CYP2E1 in GBM are further supported by studies with Cyp2e1 knockout rodents. In conclusion, a pro-GBM mechanism in which CYP2E1-PPARγ-STAT-1/NF-κB/STAT-3/STAT-6 axis fueled tumorigenesis by reprogramming M/Mφ and Q11 as a promising anti-inflammatory agent for GBM treatment is uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Hu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityJingba RoadZhengzhou450014China
| | - Yan Fang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityJingba RoadZhengzhou450014China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Guanzhe Wang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Qingda Wei
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yuhan Gu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Cunzhen Zhang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Jinhuan Qiu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Na Gao
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
| | - Hailing Qiao
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyZhengzhou UniversityKexue RoadZhengzhou450001China
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20
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Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic approaches of glioblastoma multiforme: From terminal to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188913. [PMID: 37182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer showing poor prognosis. Currently, treatment methods of GBM are limited with adverse outcomes and low survival rate. Thus, advancements in the treatment of GBM are of utmost importance, which can be achieved in recent decades. However, despite aggressive initial treatment, most patients develop recurrent diseases, and the overall survival rate of patients is impossible to achieve. Currently, researchers across the globe target signaling events along with tumor microenvironment (TME) through different drug molecules to inhibit the progression of GBM, but clinically they failed to demonstrate much success. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic targets and signaling cascades along with the role of the organoids model in GBM research. Moreover, we systematically review the traditional and emerging therapeutic strategies in GBM. In addition, we discuss the implications of nanotechnologies, AI, and combinatorial approach to enhance GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India.
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21
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Russo MN, Whaley LA, Norton ES, Zarco N, Guerrero-Cázares H. Extracellular vesicles in the glioblastoma microenvironment: A diagnostic and therapeutic perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 91:101167. [PMID: 36577547 PMCID: PMC10073317 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), is the most malignant form of gliomas and the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Conventional cancer treatments have limited to no efficacy on GBM. GBM cells respond and adapt to the surrounding brain parenchyma known as tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote tumor preservation. Among specific TME, there are 3 of particular interest for GBM biology: the perivascular niche, the subventricular zone neurogenic niche, and the immune microenvironment. GBM cells and TME cells present a reciprocal feedback which results in tumor maintenance. One way that these cells can communicate is through extracellular vesicles. These vesicles include exosomes and microvesicles that have the ability to carry both cancerous and non-cancerous cargo, such as miRNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, and DNA. In this review we will discuss the booming topic that is extracellular vesicles, and how they have the novelty to be a diagnostic and targetable vehicle for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa N Russo
- Neurosurgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren A Whaley
- Neurosurgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Biology Graduate Program, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Emily S Norton
- Neurosurgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Regenerative Sciences Training Program, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Natanael Zarco
- Neurosurgery Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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22
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Lim J, Kang I, La J, Ku KB, Kang BH, Kim Y, Park WH, Lee HK. Harnessing type I interferon-mediated immunity to target malignant brain tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203929. [PMID: 37304294 PMCID: PMC10247981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons have long been appreciated as a cytokine family that regulates antiviral immunity. Recently, their role in eliciting antitumor immune responses has gained increasing attention. Within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), interferons stimulate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to promote immune clearance and essentially reshape a "cold" TME into an immune-activating "hot" TME. In this review, we focus on gliomas, with an emphasis on malignant glioblastoma, as these brain tumors possess a highly invasive and heterogenous brain TME. We address how type I interferons regulate antitumor immune responses against malignant gliomas and reshape the overall immune landscape of the brain TME. Furthermore, we discuss how these findings can translate into future immunotherapies targeting brain tumors in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo La
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Bon Ku
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hoon Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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23
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Agosti E, Panciani PP, Zeppieri M, De Maria L, Pasqualetti F, Tel A, Zanin L, Fontanella MM, Ius T. Tumor Microenvironment and Glioblastoma Cell Interplay as Promoters of Therapeutic Resistance. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050736. [PMID: 37237548 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The invasive nature of glioblastoma is problematic in a radical surgery approach and can be responsible for tumor recurrence. In order to create new therapeutic strategies, it is imperative to have a better understanding of the mechanisms behind tumor growth and invasion. The continuous cross-talk between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to disease progression, which renders research in this field difficult and challenging. The main aim of the review was to assess the different possible mechanisms that could explain resistance to treatment promoted by TME and GSCs in glioblastoma, including the role of M2 macrophages, micro RNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from exosomes from the TME. A systematic review of the literature on the role of the TME in developing and promoting radioresistance and chemoresistance of GBM was performed according to PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. A dedicated literature review search was also performed on the immunotherapeutic agents against the immune TME. We identified 367 papers using the reported keywords. The final qualitative analysis was conducted on 25 studies. A growing amount of evidence in the current literature supports the role of M2 macrophages and non-coding RNAs in promoting the mechanisms of chemo and radioresistance. A better insight into how GBM cells interact with TME is an essential step towards comprehending the mechanisms that give rise to resistance to standard treatment, which can help to pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Agosti
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Lucio De Maria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alessandro Tel
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Zanin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head-Neck and NeuroScience Department, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
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24
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Kopper TJ, Yu X, Graner MW. Immunopathology of Extracellular Vesicles in Macrophage and Glioma Cross-Talk. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103430. [PMID: 37240536 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are a devastating disease with extremely poor clinical outcomes. Resident (microglia) and infiltrating macrophages are a substantial component of the tumor environment. In GBM and other cancers, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) suppress macrophage inflammatory responses, impairing their ability to identify and phagocytose cancerous tissues. Furthermore, these macrophages then begin to produce EVs that support tumor growth and migration. This cross-talk between macrophages/microglia and gliomas is a significant contributor to GBM pathophysiology. Here, we review the mechanisms through which GBM-derived EVs impair macrophage function, how subsequent macrophage-derived EVs support tumor growth, and the current therapeutic approaches to target GBM/macrophage EV crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Kopper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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25
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Montemurro N, Pahwa B, Tayal A, Shukla A, De Jesus Encarnacion M, Ramirez I, Nurmukhametov R, Chavda V, De Carlo A. Macrophages in Recurrent Glioblastoma as a Prognostic Factor in the Synergistic System of the Tumor Microenvironment. Neurol Int 2023; 15:595-608. [PMID: 37218976 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and highly malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Ever more recent papers are focusing on understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in affecting tumorigenesis and the subsequent prognosis. We assessed the impact of macrophages in the TME on the prognosis in patients with recurrent GBM. A PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus review was conducted to identify all studies dealing with macrophages in the GBM microenvironment from January 2016 to December 2022. Glioma-associated macrophages (GAMs) act critically in enhancing tumor progression and can alter drug resistance, promoting resistance to radiotherapy and establishing an immunosuppressive environment. M1 macrophages are characterized by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-27, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), CCL2, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), IGF1, that can lead to the destruction of the tissue. In contrast, M2 is supposed to participate in immunosuppression and tumor progression, which is formed after being exposed to the macrophage M-CSF, IL-10, IL-35 and the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-β). Because there is currently no standard of care in recurrent GBM, novel identified targeted therapies based on the complex signaling and interactions between the glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the TME, especially resident microglia and bone-marrow-derived macrophages, may be helpful in improving the overall survival of these patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bhavya Pahwa
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Anish Tayal
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Anushruti Shukla
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110095, India
| | | | - Issael Ramirez
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Renat Nurmukhametov
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 121359 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antonella De Carlo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Caverzán MD, Beaugé L, Oliveda PM, Cesca González B, Bühler EM, Ibarra LE. Exploring Monocytes-Macrophages in Immune Microenvironment of Glioblastoma for the Design of Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040542. [PMID: 37190507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary malignant brain tumors. These tumors seem to be more and more frequent, not only because of a true increase in their incidence, but also due to the increase in life expectancy of the general population. Among gliomas, malignant gliomas and more specifically glioblastomas (GBM) are a challenge in their diagnosis and treatment. There are few effective therapies for these tumors, and patients with GBM fare poorly, even after aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Over the last decade, it is now appreciated that these tumors are composed of numerous distinct tumoral and non-tumoral cell populations, which could each influence the overall tumor biology and response to therapies. Monocytes have been proved to actively participate in tumor growth, giving rise to the support of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In GBM, TAMs represent up to one half of the tumor mass cells, including both infiltrating macrophages and resident brain microglia. Infiltrating macrophages/monocytes constituted ~ 85% of the total TAM population, they have immune functions, and they can release a wide array of growth factors and cytokines in response to those factors produced by tumor and non-tumor cells from the tumor microenvironment (TME). A brief review of the literature shows that this cell population has been increasingly studied in GBM TME to understand its role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Through the knowledge of its biology and protumoral function, the development of therapeutic strategies that employ their recruitment as well as the modulation of their immunological phenotype, and even the eradication of the cell population, can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit. This revision aims to summarize GBM TME and localization in tumor niches with special focus on TAM population, its origin and functions in tumor progression and resistance to conventional and experimental GBM treatments. Moreover, recent advances on the development of TAM cell targeting and new cellular therapeutic strategies based on monocyte/macrophages recruitment to eradicate GBM are discussed as complementary therapeutics.
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27
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Antitumor Potential of Antiepileptic Drugs in Human Glioblastoma: Pharmacological Targets and Clinical Benefits. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020582. [PMID: 36831117 PMCID: PMC9953000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by fast-growing cells, genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, and radio-chemo-therapy resistance, contributing to its dismal prognosis. Various medical comorbidities are associated with the natural history of GBM. The most disabling and greatly affecting patients' quality of life are neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and GBM-related epilepsy (GRE). Hallmarks of GBM include molecular intrinsic mediators and pathways, but emerging evidence supports the key role of non-malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment in GBM aggressive behavior. In this context, hyper-excitability of neurons, mediated by glutamatergic and GABAergic imbalance, contributing to GBM growth strengthens the cancer-nervous system crosstalk. Pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, and pharmacological management of GRE with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and their interactions are poorly explored, yet it is a potentially promising field of research in cancer neuroscience. The present review summarizes emerging cooperative mechanisms in oncogenesis and epileptogenesis, focusing on the neuron-to-glioma interface. The main effects and efficacy of selected AEDs used in the management of GRE are discussed in this paper, as well as their potential beneficial activity as antitumor treatment. Overall, although still many unclear processes overlapping in GBM growth and seizure onset need to be elucidated, this review focuses on the intriguing targeting of GBM-neuron mutual interactions to improve the outcome of the so challenging to treat GBM.
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28
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Exploring the Past, Present, and Future of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030830. [PMID: 36765787 PMCID: PMC9913517 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a WHO grade IV astrocytoma, constitutes approximately half of malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Despite technological advancements and aggressive multimodal treatment, prognosis remains dismal. The highly vascularized nature of glioblastoma enables the tumor cells to grow and invade the surrounding tissue, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a critical mediator of this process. Therefore, over the past decade, angiogenesis, and more specifically, the VEGF signaling pathway, has emerged as a therapeutic target for glioblastoma therapy. This led to the FDA approval of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody designed against VEGF-A, for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma. Despite the promising preclinical data and its theoretical effectiveness, bevacizumab has failed to improve patients' overall survival. Furthermore, several other anti-angiogenic agents that target the VEGF signaling pathway have also not demonstrated survival improvement. This suggests the presence of other compensatory angiogenic signaling pathways that surpass the anti-angiogenic effects of these agents and facilitate vascularization despite ongoing VEGF signaling inhibition. Herein, we review the current state of anti-angiogenic agents, discuss potential mechanisms of anti-angiogenic resistance, and suggest potential avenues to increase the efficacy of this therapeutic approach.
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29
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Dean PT, Hooks SB. Pleiotropic effects of the COX-2/PGE2 axis in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1116014. [PMID: 36776369 PMCID: PMC9909545 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of malignant glioma. The GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem of heterogeneous cells and signaling factors. Glioma associated macrophages and microglia (GAMs) constitute a significant portion of the TME, suggesting that their functional attributes play a crucial role in cancer homeostasis. In GBM, an elevated GAM population is associated with poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. Neoplastic cells recruit these myeloid populations through release of chemoattractant factors and dysregulate their induction of inflammatory programs. GAMs become protumoral advocates through production a variety of cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors that can drive cancer proliferation, invasion, immune evasion, and angiogenesis. Among these inflammatory factors, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its downstream product, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are highly enriched in GBM and their overexpression is positively correlated with poor prognosis in patients. Both tumor cells and GAMs have the ability to signal through the COX-2 PGE2 axis and respond in an autocrine/paracrine manner. In the GBM TME, enhanced signaling through the COX-2/PGE2 axis leads to pleotropic effects that impact GAM dynamics and drive tumor progression.
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The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Primary CNS Neoplasms: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032020. [PMID: 36768342 PMCID: PMC9917056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS neoplasms are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, and many therapies directed at primary brain tumors have proven unsuccessful despite their success in preclinical studies. Recently, the tumor immune microenvironment has emerged as a critical aspect of primary CNS neoplasms that may affect their malignancy, prognosis, and response to therapy across patients and tumor grades. This review covers the tumor microenvironment of various primary CNS neoplasms, with a focus on glioblastoma and meningioma. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies based on elements of the tumor microenvironment, including checkpoint inhibitor therapy and immunotherapeutic vaccines, are discussed.
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Li Y, Wang W, Hou X, Huang W, Zhang P, He Y, Wang B, Duan Q, Mao F, Guo D. Glioma-derived LRIG3 interacts with NETO2 in tumor-associated macrophages to modulate microenvironment and suppress tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 36639372 PMCID: PMC9839712 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) account for 30-50% of glioma microenvironment. The interaction between glioma tumor cells and TAMs can promote tumor progression, but the intrinsic mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we reported that soluble LRIG3 (sLRIG3) derived from glioma tumor cells can block the M2 polarization of TAMs via interacting with NETO2, thus suppressing GBM malignant progression. The expression or activity of ADAM17 in glioma cells was positively correlated with the expression of sLRIG3 in cell supernatant. Soluble LRIG3 can suppress the M2-like polarity transformation of TAMs and inhibit the growth of tumor. High expression of LRIG3 predicts a good prognosis in patients with glioma. Mass spectrometry and Co-immunoprecipitation showed that sLRIG3 interacts with the CUB1 domain of NETO2 in TAMs. Silencing or knockout of NETO2 could block the effect of sLRIG3, which inhibited the M2-like polarity transformation of TAMs and promoted GBM tumor growth. However, overexpressing His-target NETO2 with CUB1 deletion mutation does not fully recover the suppressive effects of sLRIG3 on the TAM M2-polarization in NETO2-Knockout TAMs. Our study revealed vital molecular crosstalk between GBM tumor cells and TAMs. Glioma cells mediated the M2 polarization of TAM through the sLRIG3-NETO2 pathway and inhibited the progression of GBM, suggesting that sLRIG3-NETO2 may be a potential target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Liang Z, Lou Y, Hao Y, Li H, Feng J, Liu S. The Relationship of Astrocytes and Microglia with Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2465-2480. [PMID: 37464832 PMCID: PMC10616922 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230718104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the predominant cause of severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Post-stroke neuroinflammation has recently received increasing attention with the aim of providing a new effective treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Microglia and astrocytes are major components of the innate immune system of the central nervous system. They can be involved in all phases of ischemic stroke, from the early stage, contributing to the first wave of neuronal cell death, to the late stage involving phagocytosis and repair. In the early stage of ischemic stroke, a vicious cycle exists between the activation of microglia and astrocytes (through astrocytic connexin 43 hemichannels), aggravating neuroinflammatory injury post-stroke. However, in the late stage of ischemic stroke, repeatedly activated microglia can induce the formation of glial scars by triggering reactive astrogliosis in the peri-infarct regions, which may limit the movement of activated microglia in reverse and restrict the diffusion of inflammation to healthy brain tissues, alleviating the neuroinflammatory injury poststroke. In this review, we elucidated the various roles of astrocytes and microglia and summarized their relationship with neuroinflammation. We also examined how astrocytes and microglia influence each other at different stages of ischemic stroke. Several potential therapeutic approaches targeting astrocytes and microglia in ischemic stroke have been reviewed. Understanding the details of astrocytemicroglia interaction processes will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke, contributing to the identification of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingyue Lou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Martins C, Pacheco C, Moreira-Barbosa C, Marques-Magalhães Â, Dias S, Araújo M, Oliveira MJ, Sarmento B. Glioblastoma immuno-endothelial multicellular microtissue as a 3D in vitro evaluation tool of anti-cancer nano-therapeutics. J Control Release 2023; 353:77-95. [PMID: 36410614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the most prevalent and lethal type of adult brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM) remains intractable. Promising anti-GBM nanoparticle (NP) systems have been developed to improve the anti-cancer performance of difficult-to-deliver therapeutics, with particular emphasis on tumor targeting strategies. However, current disease modeling toolboxes lack close-to-native in vitro models that emulate GBM microenvironment and bioarchitecture, thus partially hindering translation due to poorly predicted clinical responses. Herein, human GBM heterotypic multicellular tumor microtissues (MCTMs) are generated through high-throughput 3D modeling of U-251 MG tumor cells, tissue differentiated macrophages isolated from peripheral monocytes, and brain microvascular primary endothelial cells. GBM MCTMs mimicked tumor spatial organization, extracellular matrix production and necrosis areas. The bioactivity of a model drug, docetaxel (DTX), and of tumor-targeted DTX-loaded polymeric NPs with a surface L-Histidine moiety (H-NPs), were assessed in the MCTMs. MCTMs cell uptake and anti-proliferative effect was 8- and 3-times higher for H-NPs, respectively, compared to the non-targeted NPs and to free DTX. H-NPs provided a decrease of MCTMs anti-inflammatory M2-macrophages, while increasing their pro-inflammatory M1 counterparts. Moreover, H-NPs showed a particular biomolecular signature through reduced secretion of an array of medium cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β). Overall, MCTMs provide an in vitro biomimetic model to recapitulate key cellular and structural features of GBM and improve in vivo drug response predictability, fostering future clinical translation of anti-GBM nano-therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pacheco
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Moreira-Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Marques-Magalhães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Dias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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Fu W, Hou X, Dong L, Hou W. Roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1098482. [PMID: 36923251 PMCID: PMC10009693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1098482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant of astrocytomas mainly involving the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebral cortex. It is one of the fatal and refractory solid tumors, with a 5-year survival rate of merely 5% among the adults. IL6/JAK/STAT3 is an important signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis and progression of GBM. The expression of STAT3 in GBM tissues is substantially higher than that of normal brain cells. The abnormal activation of STAT3 renders the tumor microenvironment of GBM immunosuppression. Besides, blocking the STAT3 pathway can effectively inhibit the growth and metastasis of GBM. On this basis, inhibition of STAT3 may be a new therapeutic approach for GBM, and the combination of STAT3 targeted therapy and conventional therapies may improve the current status of GBM treatment. This review summarized the roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis of GBM and the feasibility of STAT3 for GBM target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhen-Gang L, Fan Y, Jingwei S, Pengyu C, Shengman Y, Bo-Yin Z. Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:963539. [PMID: 36570540 PMCID: PMC9768195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.963539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced catastrophic neurological disability is currently incurable, especially in elderly patients. Due to the limited axon regeneration capacity and hostile microenvironment in the lesion site, essential neural network reconstruction remains challenging. Owing to the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) created immune cells and cytokines isolation, the immune elements were incorrectly recognized as innocent bystanders during the SCI pathological process traditionally. Emerging evidence demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) is an "immunological quiescent" rather than "immune privileged" area, and the CNS-associated immune response played mixed roles which dedicate beneficial and detrimental contributions throughout the SCI process. Consequently, coordinating double-edged immunomodulation is vital to promote tissue repair and neurological recovery post-SCI. The comprehensive exploration and understanding of the immune landscape post-SCI are essential in establishing new avenues for further basic and clinical studies. In this context, this review summarizes the recent significant breakthroughs in key aspects of SCI-related immunomodulation, including innate and adaptive immune response, immune organ changes, and holistic immune status modification. Moreover, the currently existing immune-oriented therapies for SCI will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhen-Gang
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi Jingwei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Pengyu
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Shengman
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhang Bo-Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Zhang Bo-Yin
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Lu H, Zhou L, Zhang B, Xie Y, Yang H, Wang Z. Cuproptosis key gene FDX1 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in glioma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:939776. [PMID: 36523779 PMCID: PMC9745336 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that the protein encoded by the FDX1 gene is involved in mediating Cuproptosis as a regulator of protein lipoylation and related to immune response process of tumors. However, the specific biological function of FDX1 in glioma is currently unclear. To explore the potential function of FDX1, this study explored the correlation between the expression of FDX1 in cancers and survival prognosis by analyzing the public databases of GEPIA and Cbioportal. Immune infiltration was analyzed by the TIMER2.0 database in tumors. The possible biological processes and functions of FDX1-related in glioma were annotated through gene enrichment. Relationship between Cuproptosis and autophagy was explored through gene co-expression studies. Summary and conclusions of this study: (1) FDX1 is highly expressed in gliomas and associated with poor prognosis in low-grade gliomas (LGG). (2) Gene annotation indicates that FDX1 is mainly involved in the tumor protein lipoylation and cell death. (3) FDX1 expression is positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells. (4) LIPT2 and NNAT, two other genes involved in lipoylation, may be unidentified marker gene for Cuproptosis. And the Cuproptosis genes related to FDX1 were positively correlated with the expression of autophagy marker genes Atg5, Atg12, and BECN-1. This evidence suggests that there may be some interaction between FDX1 mediated Cuproptosis and autophagy. In summary, FDX1 may serve as a potential immunotherapy target and prognostic marker for Glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingchang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiyin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Casili G, Lanza M, Filippone A, Caffo M, Paterniti I, Campolo M, Colarossi L, Sciacca D, Lombardo SP, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Overview on Common Genes Involved in the Onset of Glioma and on the Role of Migraine as Risk Factor: Predictive Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121969. [PMID: 36556190 PMCID: PMC9786313 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are relatively rare but fatal cancers, and there has been insufficient research to specifically evaluate the role of headache as a risk factor. Nowadays, gliomas are difficult to cure due to the infiltrative nature and the absence of specific adjuvant therapies. Until now, mutations in hundreds of genes have been identified in gliomas and most relevant discoveries showed specific genes alterations related to migraine as potential risk factors for brain tumor onset. Prognostic biomarkers are required at the time of diagnosis to better adapt therapies for cancer patients. In this review, we aimed to highlight the significant modulation of CLOCK, BMLA1 and NOTCH genes in glioma onset and development, praising these genes to be good as potentially attractive therapeutic markers for brain tumors. A improved knowledge regarding the role of these genes in triggering or modulating glioma maybe the key to early diagnosing brain tumor onset in patients affected by a simple headache. In addition, investigating on these genes we can suggest potential therapeutic targets for treating brain tumors. These considerations open up the possibility of personalized treatments that can target each brain tumor's specific genetic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Caffo
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Dorotea Sciacca
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Pilotto Heming C, Muriithi W, Wanjiku Macharia L, Niemeyer Filho P, Moura-Neto V, Aran V. P-glycoprotein and cancer: what do we currently know? Heliyon 2022; 8:e11171. [PMID: 36325145 PMCID: PMC9618987 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance during cancer treatment is unfortunately a frequent event. There are several reasons for this, including the ability of the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), which are integral membrane proteins, to export chemotherapeutic molecules from the interior of the tumor cells. One important member of this family is the protein known as Permeability Glycoprotein (P-Glycoprotein, P-gp or ABCB1). Its clinical relevance relies mainly on the fact that the inhibition of P-gp and other ABC transporters could result in the reversal of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in some patients. Recently, other roles apart from being a key player in MDR, have emerged for P-gp. Therefore, this review discusses the relationship between P-gp and MDR, in addition to the possible role of this protein as a biomarker in cancer.
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Silver A, Feier D, Ghosh T, Rahman M, Huang J, Sarkisian MR, Deleyrolle LP. Heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells in the context of the immune microenvironment and geospatial organization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022716. [PMID: 36338705 PMCID: PMC9628999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor with a 10-year survival of just 0.71%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to seed GBM's inevitable recurrence by evading standard of care treatment, which combines surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, contributing to this grim prognosis. Effective targeting of CSCs could result in insights into GBM treatment resistance and development of novel treatment paradigms. There is a major ongoing effort to characterize CSCs, understand their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and identify ways to eliminate them. This review discusses the diversity of CSC lineages present in GBM and how this glioma stem cell (GSC) mosaicism drives global intratumoral heterogeneity constituted by complex and spatially distinct local microenvironments. We review how a tumor's diverse CSC populations orchestrate and interact with the environment, especially the immune landscape. We also discuss how to map this intricate GBM ecosystem through the lens of metabolism and immunology to find vulnerabilities and new ways to disrupt the equilibrium of the system to achieve improved disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Silver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diana Feier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tanya Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Loic P. Deleyrolle,
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van der Pan K, Kassem S, Khatri I, de Ru AH, Janssen GMC, Tjokrodirijo RTN, al Makindji F, Stavrakaki E, de Jager AL, Naber BAE, de Laat IF, Louis A, van den Bossche WBL, Vogelezang LB, Balvers RK, Lamfers MLM, van Veelen PA, Orfao A, van Dongen JJM, Teodosio C, Díez P. Quantitative proteomics of small numbers of closely-related cells: Selection of the optimal method for a clinical setting. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:997305. [PMID: 36237552 PMCID: PMC9553008 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.997305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics profiling has undoubtedly increased the knowledge about cellular processes and functions. However, its applicability for paucicellular sample analyses is currently limited. Although new approaches have been developed for single-cell studies, most of them have not (yet) been standardized and/or require highly specific (often home-built) devices, thereby limiting their broad implementation, particularly in non-specialized settings. To select an optimal MS-oriented proteomics approach applicable in translational research and clinical settings, we assessed 10 different sample preparation procedures in paucicellular samples of closely-related cell types. Particularly, five cell lysis protocols using different chemistries and mechanical forces were combined with two sample clean-up techniques (C18 filter- and SP3-based), followed by tandem mass tag (TMT)-based protein quantification. The evaluation was structured in three phases: first, cell lines from hematopoietic (THP-1) and non-hematopoietic (HT-29) origins were used to test the approaches showing the combination of a urea-based lysis buffer with the SP3 bead-based clean-up system as the best performer. Parameters such as reproducibility, accessibility, spatial distribution, ease of use, processing time and cost were considered. In the second phase, the performance of the method was tested on maturation-related cell populations: three different monocyte subsets from peripheral blood and, for the first time, macrophages/microglia (MAC) from glioblastoma samples, together with T cells from both tissues. The analysis of 50,000 cells down to only 2,500 cells revealed different protein expression profiles associated with the distinct cell populations. Accordingly, a closer relationship was observed between non-classical monocytes and MAC, with the latter showing the co-expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers, although pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory proteins were more represented. In the third phase, the results were validated by high-end spectral flow cytometry on paired monocyte/MAC samples to further determine the sensitivity of the MS approach selected. Finally, the feasibility of the method was proven in 194 additional samples corresponding to 38 different cell types, including cells from different tissue origins, cellular lineages, maturation stages and stimuli. In summary, we selected a reproducible, easy-to-implement sample preparation method for MS-based proteomic characterization of paucicellular samples, also applicable in the setting of functionally closely-related cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra van der Pan
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sara Kassem
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Indu Khatri
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Fadi al Makindji
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Anniek L. de Jager
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A. E. Naber
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inge F. de Laat
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alesha Louis
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jacques J. M. van Dongen
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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Shi W, Ding W, Zhao Z, Wang R, Wang F, Tang Y, Zhu J, Su C, Zhao X, Liu L. Peroxidase is a novel potential marker in glioblastoma through bioinformatics method and experimental validation. Front Genet 2022; 13:990344. [PMID: 36118855 PMCID: PMC9471987 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.990344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidase (PXDN), a specific extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated protein, has been determined as a tumor indicator and therapeutic target in various tumors. However, the effects of PXDN in prognostic performance and clinical implications in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains unknown. Here, we assessed PXDN expression pattern and its performance on prognosis among GBM cases from TCGA and CGGA databases. PXDN was up-regulated within GBM samples in comparison with normal control. High PXDN expression was a dismal prognostic indicator in GBM. Single cell RNA analysis was conducted to detect the cell localization of PXDN. We also set up a PPI network to explore the interacting protein associated with PXDN, including TSKU, COL4A1 and COL5A1. Consistently, functional enrichment analysis revealed that several cancer hallmarks were enriched in the GBM cases with high PXDN expression, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis, hypoxia, inflammatory response, and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Next, this study analyzed the association of PXDN expression and immunocyte infiltration. PXDN expression was in direct proportion to the infiltrating degrees of NK cells resting, T cells regulatory, M0 macrophage, monocytes and eosinophils. The roles of PXDN on immunity were further estimated by PXDN-associated immunomodulators. In addition, four prognosis-related lncRNAs co-expressed with PXDN were identified. Finally, we observed that PXDN depletion inhibits GBM cell proliferation and migration by in vitro experiments. Our data suggested that PXDN has the potential to be a powerful prognostic biomarker, which might offer a basis for developing therapeutic targets for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shi
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjie Ding
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fengxu Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanfen Tang
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengcheng Su
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Liu, , Xinyuan Zhao,
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Liu, , Xinyuan Zhao,
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Liu J, Zhu X, Gao L, Geng R, Tao X, Xu H, Chen Z. Expression and Prognostic Role of Glia Maturation Factor-γ in Gliomas. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:906762. [PMID: 35845613 PMCID: PMC9277395 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.906762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glia maturation factor-γ (GMFG) regulates actin cytoskeletal organization and promotes the invasion of cancer cells. However, its expression pattern and molecular function in gliomas have not been clearly defined. Methods In this study, public datasets comprising 2,518 gliomas samples were used to explore GMFG expression and its correlation with malignancy in gliomas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to determine the expression of GMFG in gliomas using an in-house cohort that contained 120 gliomas samples. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was conducted using the DAVID tool. The correlation between GMFG expression and immune cell infiltration was evaluated using TIMER, Tumor Immune Single-Cell Hub (TISCH) database, and IHC staining assays. The Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to determine the prognostic role of GMFG and its association with temozolomide (TMZ) response in gliomas. Results The GMFG expression was higher in gliomas compared with non-tumor brain tissues both in public datasets and in-house cohort. High expression of GMFG was significantly associated with WHO grade IV, IDH 1/2 wild-type, and mesenchymal (ME) subtypes. Bioinformatic prediction and IHC analysis revealed that GMFG expression obviously correlated with the macrophage marker CD163 in gliomas. Moreover, both lower grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients with high GMFG expression had shorter overall survival than those with low GMFG expression. These results indicate that GMFG may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of such patients. Patients with low GMFG expression who received chemotherapy had a longer survival time than those with high GMFG expression. For patients who received ion radiotherapy (IR) only, the GMFG expression level had no effect on the overall survival neither in CGGA and TCGA datasets. Conclusion The GMFG is a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with both LGG and GBM. Increased GMFG expression is associated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and with a bad response to TMZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Haitao Xu,
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Zhibiao Chen,
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Ren Y, He J, Zhao W, Ma Y. The Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Verbascoside on Ovarian Cancer via Facilitating CCN1-AKT/NF-κB Pathway-Mediated M1 Macrophage Polarization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:901922. [PMID: 35785168 PMCID: PMC9249354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.901922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality. Verbascoside (VB) is a phenylpropanoid glycoside from Chinese herbs, with anti-tumour activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanism of VB on OC. Methods OC cell lines SKOV3 and A2780 were used in this study. Cell viability, proliferation, and migration were measured using CCK-8, clonogenic, and transwell assays, respectively. Apoptosis and M1/M2 macrophages were detected using flow cytometry. The interaction between VB and CCN1 was predicted by molecular docking. The mRNA expression of CCN1 was detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of CCN1, AKT, p-AKT, p65, and p-p65 were determined by western blotting. A xenograft mice model was established for in vivo validation. Results VB inhibited OC cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner, and promoted apoptosis and M1 macrophage polarization. VB downregulated CCN1 and inhibited the AKT/NF-κB pathway. LY294002, an AKT inhibitor, potentiated the anti-tumour effects of VB. CCN1 overexpression weakened the anti-tumour effects of VB and VB + LY294002. In vivo experiments verified that VB inhibited tumour growth and promoted M1 polarization, which is regulated by the CCN1-mediated AKT/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion VB triggers the CCN1-AKT/NF-κB pathway-mediated M1 macrophage polarization for protecting against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Scientific Research Department, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinying He
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuzhen Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Yuzhen Ma,
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Liu X, Liu Y, Qi Y, Huang Y, Hu F, Dong F, Shu K, Lei T. Signal Pathways Involved in the Interaction Between Tumor-Associated Macrophages/TAMs and Glioblastoma Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:822085. [PMID: 35600367 PMCID: PMC9114701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.822085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly recognized, that glioblastoma is a large complex composed of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Tumor-associated macrophages account for the majority of tumor bulk and play pivotal roles in tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. There are sophisticated interactions between malignant cells and tumor associated-macrophages. Tumor cells release a variety of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors that subsequently lead to the recruitment of TAMs, which in return released a plethora of factors to construct an immunosuppressive and tumor-supportive microenvironment. In this article, we have reviewed the biological characteristics of glioblastoma-associated macrophages and microglia, highlighting the emerging molecular targets and related signal pathways involved in the interaction between TAMs and glioblastoma cells, as well as the potential TAMs-associated therapeutic targets for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Qi
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Huang
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyong Dong
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bianconi A, Aruta G, Rizzo F, Salvati LF, Zeppa P, Garbossa D, Cofano F. Systematic Review on Tumor Microenvironment in Glial Neoplasm: From Understanding Pathogenesis to Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4166. [PMID: 35456984 PMCID: PMC9029619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the multidisciplinary management in the treatment of glioblastomas, the average survival of GBM patients is still 15 months. In recent years, molecular biomarkers have gained more and more importance both in the diagnosis and therapy of glial tumors. At the same time, it has become clear that non neoplastic cells, which constitute about 30% of glioma mass, dramatically influence tumor growth, spread, and recurrence. This is the main reason why, in recent years, scientific research has been focused on understanding the function and the composition of tumor microenvironment and its role in gliomagenesis and recurrence. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent discovery about resident microglia, tumor-associated macrophages, lymphocytes, and the role of extracellular vesicles and their bijective interaction with glioma cells. Moreover, we reported the most recent updates about new therapeutic strategies targeting immune system receptors and soluble factors. Understanding how glioma cells interact with non-neoplastic cells in tumor microenvironment is an essential step to comprehend mechanisms at the base of disease progression and to find new therapeutic strategies for GBM patients. However, no significant results have yet been obtained in studies targeting single molecules/pathways; considering the complex microenvironment, it is likely that only by using multiple therapeutic agents acting on multiple molecular targets can significant results be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianconi
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.A.); (F.R.); (P.Z.); (D.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Gelsomina Aruta
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.A.); (F.R.); (P.Z.); (D.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.A.); (F.R.); (P.Z.); (D.G.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Pietro Zeppa
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.A.); (F.R.); (P.Z.); (D.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.A.); (F.R.); (P.Z.); (D.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.A.); (F.R.); (P.Z.); (D.G.); (F.C.)
- Spine Surgery Unit, Humanitas Gradeningo, 10100 Turin, Italy
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Codrici E, Popescu ID, Tanase C, Enciu AM. Friends with Benefits: Chemokines, Glioblastoma-Associated Microglia/Macrophages, and Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052509. [PMID: 35269652 PMCID: PMC8910233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor and has the greatest prevalence of all brain tumors. Treatment resistance and tumor recurrence in GBM are mostly explained by considerable alterations within the tumor microenvironment, as well as extraordinary cellular and molecular heterogeneity. Soluble factors, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cell types, resident or newly recruited immune cells together make up the GBM microenvironment. Regardless of many immune cells, a profound state of tumor immunosuppression is supported and developed, posing a considerable hurdle to cancer cells' immune-mediated destruction. Several studies have suggested that various GBM subtypes present different modifications in their microenvironment, although the importance of the microenvironment in treatment response has yet to be determined. Understanding the microenvironment and how it changes after therapies is critical because it can influence the remaining invasive GSCs and lead to recurrence. This review article sheds light on the various components of the GBM microenvironment and their roles in tumoral development, as well as immune-related biological processes that support the interconnection/interrelationship between different cell types. Also, we summarize the current understanding of the modulation of soluble factors and highlight the dysregulated inflammatory chemokine/specific receptors cascades/networks and their significance in tumorigenesis, cancer-related inflammation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Codrici
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.-D.P.); (A.-M.E.)
| | - Ionela-Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.-D.P.); (A.-M.E.)
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (I.-D.P.); (A.-M.E.)
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Bausart M, Préat V, Malfanti A. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: the promise of combination strategies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:35. [PMID: 35078492 PMCID: PMC8787896 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment has remained almost unchanged for more than 20 years. The current standard of care involves surgical resection (if possible) followed by concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy strategies have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers, increasing the hope for GBM therapy. However, mostly due to the high, multifactorial immunosuppression occurring in the microenvironment, the poor knowledge of the neuroimmune system and the presence of the blood-brain barrier, the efficacy of immunotherapy in GBM is still low. Recently, new strategies for GBM treatments have employed immunotherapy combinations and have provided encouraging results in both preclinical and clinical studies. The lessons learned from clinical trials highlight the importance of tackling different arms of immunity. In this review, we aim to summarize the preclinical evidence regarding combination immunotherapy in terms of immune and survival benefits for GBM management. The outcomes of recent studies assessing the combination of different classes of immunotherapeutic agents (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade and vaccines) will be discussed. Finally, future strategies to ameliorate the efficacy of immunotherapy and facilitate clinical translation will be provided to address the unmet medical needs of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bausart
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions in Tackling Glioblastoma Resistance to Small Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030600. [PMID: 35158868 PMCID: PMC8833415 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drug resistance is a major issue in brain tumor therapy. Despite novel promising therapeutic approaches, glioblastoma (GBM) remains refractory in showing beneficial responses to anticancer agents, as demonstrated by the failure in clinical trials of small kinase inhibitors. One of the reasons may lie in the development of different types of drug resistance mechanisms derived from the intrinsic heterogeneous nature of GBM. Obtaining insights into these mechanisms could improve the management of the clinical intervention and monitoring. Such insights could be achieved with the improvement of preclinical in vitro models for studying drug resistance. Abstract Despite clinical intervention, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the deadliest brain tumor in adults. Its incurability is partly related to the establishment of drug resistance, both to standard and novel treatments. In fact, even though small kinase inhibitors have changed the standard clinical practice for several solid cancers, in GBM, they did not fulfill this promise. Drug resistance is thought to arise from the heterogeneity of GBM, which leads the development of several different mechanisms. A better understanding of the evolution and characteristics of drug resistance is of utmost importance to improve the current clinical practice. Therefore, the development of clinically relevant preclinical in vitro models which allow careful dissection of these processes is crucial to gain insights that can be translated to improved therapeutic approaches. In this review, we first discuss the heterogeneity of GBM, which is reflected in the development of several resistance mechanisms. In particular, we address the potential role of drug resistance mechanisms in the failure of small kinase inhibitors in clinical trials. Finally, we discuss strategies to overcome therapy resistance, particularly focusing on the importance of developing in vitro models, and the possible approaches that could be applied to the clinic to manage drug resistance.
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Fougner V, Hasselbalch B, Lassen U, Weischenfeldt J, Poulsen HS, Urup T. Implementing targeted therapies in the treatment of glioblastoma: Previous shortcomings, future promises, and a multimodal strategy recommendation. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac157. [PMID: 36325372 PMCID: PMC9616055 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of targeted therapies to the field of oncology has prolonged the survival of several tumor types. Despite extensive research and numerous trials, similar outcomes have unfortunately not been realized for glioblastoma. For more than 15 years, the standard treatment of glioblastoma has been unchanged. This review walks through the elements that have challenged the success of previous trials and highlight some future promises. Concurrently, this review describes how institutions, through a multimodal and comprehensive strategy with 4 essential components, may increase the probability of finding a meaningful role for targeted therapies in the treatment of glioblastoma. These components are (1) prudent trial designs, (2) considered drug and target selection, (3) harnessed real-world clinical and molecular evidence, and (4) incorporation of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fougner
- Department for Cancer Treatment, DCCC—Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capitol Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Benedikte Hasselbalch
- Department for Cancer Treatment, DCCC—Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capitol Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department for Cancer Treatment, DCCC—Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capitol Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Skovgaard Poulsen
- Department for Cancer Treatment, DCCC—Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capitol Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Thomas Urup
- Department for Cancer Treatment, DCCC—Brain Tumor Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Capitol Region of Denmark, Denmark
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Glioblastomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010104. [PMID: 35008268 PMCID: PMC8744915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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