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Carbone A, Chadburn A, Gloghini A, Vaccher E, Bower M. Immune deficiency/dysregulation -associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Revised classification and management. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101167. [PMID: 38195294 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Significant advances in the field of lymphoma have resulted in two recent classification proposals, the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 5th edition WHO. A few entities are categorized differently in the ICC compared to the WHO. Nowhere is this more apparent than the immunodeficiency lymphoproliferative disorders. The three previous versions of the WHO classification (3rd, 4th and revised 4th editions) and the ICC focused on four clinical settings in which these lesions arise for primary categorization. In contrast the 2023 WHO 5th edition includes pathologic characteristics including morphology and viral status, in addition to clinical setting, as important information for lesion classification. In addition, the 2023 WHO recognizes a broader number of clinical scenarios in which these lesions arise, including not only traditional types of immune deficiency but also immune dysregulation. With this classification it is hoped that new treatment strategies will be developed leading to better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Advanced Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Vaccher
- Infectious Diseases and Tumors Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Mark Bower
- Department of Oncology and National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London SW109NH, UK.
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Chen L, Ding L, Wang X, Huang Y, Gao SJ. Activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling inhibits KSHV-induced inflammation and tumorigenesis. mBio 2024; 15:e0301123. [PMID: 38117084 PMCID: PMC10790708 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03011-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common cancer in HIV-infected patients caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Hyperinflammation is the hallmark of KS. In this study, we have shown that KSHV mediates hyperinflammation by inducing IL-1α and suppressing IL-1Ra. Mechanistically, KSHV miRNAs and vFLIP induce hyperinflammation by activating the NF-κB pathway. A common anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone blocks KSHV-induced hyperinflammation and tumorigenesis by activating glucocorticoid receptor signaling to suppress IL-1α and induce IL-1Ra. This work has identified IL-1-mediated inflammation as a potential therapeutic target and dexamethasone as a potential therapeutic agent for KSHV-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Chen
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Ding
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen L, Ding L, Wang X, Huang Y, Gao SJ. Activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling inhibits KSHV-induced inflammation and tumorigenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.566578. [PMID: 38014281 PMCID: PMC10680621 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperinflammation is the hallmark of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common cancer in AIDS patients caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. However, the role and mechanism of induction of inflammation in KS remain unclear. In a screening for inhibitors of KSHV-induced oncogenesis, over half of the identified candidates were anti-inflammatory agents including dexamethasone functions by activating glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. Here, we examined the mechanism mediating KSHV-induced inflammation. We found that numerous inflammatory pathways were activated in KSHV-transformed cells. Particularly, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) from the IL-1 family were the most induced and suppressed cytokines, respectively. We found that KSHV miRNAs mediated IL-1α induction while both miRNAs and vFLIP mediated IL-1Ra suppression. Furthermore, GR signaling was inhibited in KSHV-transformed cells, which was mediated by vFLIP and vCyclin. Dexamethasone treatment activated GR signaling, and inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar of KSHV-transformed cells but had a minimal effect on matched primary cells. Consequently, dexamethasone suppressed the initiation and growth of KSHV-induced tumors in mice. Mechanistically, dexamethasone suppressed IL-1α but induced IL-1Ra expression. Treatment with recombinant IL-1α protein rescued the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone while overexpression of IL-1Ra caused a weak growth inhibition of KSHV-transformed cells. Furthermore, dexamethasone induced IκBα expression resulting in inhibition of NF-κB pathway and IL-1α expression. These results reveal an important role of IL-1 pathway in KSHV-induced inflammation and oncogenesis, which can be inhibited by dexamethasone-activated GR signaling, and identify IL-1-mediated inflammation as a potential therapeutic target for KSHV-induced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Chen
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Ding
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xian Wang
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Savoia P, Azzimonti B, Rolla R, Zavattaro E. Role of the Microbiota in Skin Neoplasms: New Therapeutic Horizons. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2386. [PMID: 37894044 PMCID: PMC10608979 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin and the gut are regularly colonized by a variety of microorganisms capable of interacting with the immune system through their metabolites and influencing the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Alterations in the composition and diversity of the skin microbiota have been described in various cutaneous diseases, including skin cancer, and the actual function of the human microbiota in skin carcinogenesis, such as in progression and metastasis, is currently an active area of research. The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is well consolidated, especially in chronically immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, an imbalance between Staphylococcus spp., such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus, has been found to be strongly related to the progression from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma and differently associated with various stages of the diseases in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients. Also, in melanoma patients, differences in microbiota have been related to dissimilar disease course and prognosis and may affect the effectiveness and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which currently represent one of the best chances of a cure. From this point of view, acting on microbiota can be considered a possible therapeutic option for patients with advanced skin cancers, even if several issues are still open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (B.A.); (R.R.); (E.Z.)
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Silver S, Schmelz M. The AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR): HIV malignancy specimens and data available at no cost. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:61. [PMID: 37641153 PMCID: PMC10464020 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) is to play a major role in the advancement of HIV/AIDS cancer-related research/treatment by providing richly annotated biospecimens and data to researchers at no cost. The ACSR acquires, stores, and equitably distributes these samples and associated clinical data to investigators conducting HIV/AIDS-related research, at no costs. Currently, it is the only biorepository of human biospecimens from people with HIV and cancer available to eligible researchers globally who are studying HIV associated malignancies.This review describes the history and organizational structure of the ACSR, its types of specimens in its inventory, and the process of requesting specimens. In addition, the review provides an overview of research that was performed over the last 5 years with its support and gives a summary of important new findings acquired by this research into the development of cancers in people with HIV, including both Aids-related and non-Aids-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Silver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Monika Schmelz
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Sánchez‐Ponce Y, Fuentes‐Pananá EM. Molecular and immune interactions between β‐ and γ‐herpesviruses in the immunocompromised host. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:79-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr1221-452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Sánchez‐Ponce
- Research Unit in Virology and Cancer Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez Mexico City Mexico
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Science National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico
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