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Alotaibi B, A El-Masry T, Elekhnawy E, Mokhtar FA, El-Seadawy HM, A Negm W. Studying the effects of secondary metabolites isolated from Cycas thouarsii R.Br. leaves on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:103-113. [PMID: 38279824 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The various therapeutic drugs that are currently utilized for the management of cancer, especially breast cancer, are greatly challenged by the augmented resistance that is either acquired or de novo by the cancer cells owing to the long treatment periods. So, this study aimed at elucidating the possible anticancer potential of four compounds 7, 4', 7'', 4'''-tetra-O-methyl amentoflavone, hesperidin, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid that are isolated from Cycas thouarsii leaves n-butanol fraction for the first time. The MTT assay evaluated the cytotoxic action of four isolated compounds against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and oral epithelial cells. Interestingly, ferulic acid revealed the lowest IC50 of 12.52 µg/mL against MDA-MB-231 cells and a high IC50 of 80.2 µg/mL against oral epithelial cells. Also, using an inverted microscope, the influence of ferulic acid was studied on the MDA-MB-231, which revealed the appearance of apoptosis characteristics like shrinkage of the cells and blebbing of the cell membrane. In addition, the flow cytometric analysis showed that the MDA-MB-231 cells stained with Annexin V/PI had a rise in the count of the cells in the early and late apoptosis stages. Moreover, gel electrophoresis detected DNA fragmentation in the ferulic acid-treated cells. Finally, the effect of the compound was tested at the molecular level by qRT-PCR. An upregulation of the pro-apoptotic genes (BAX and P53) and a downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene (BCL-2) were observed. Consequently, our study demonstrated that these isolated compounds, especially ferulic acid, may be vital anticancer agents, particularly for breast cancer, through its induction of apoptosis through the P53-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | | | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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2
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Hijazi A, Mohanna M, Sabbagh S, Herrán M, Dominguez B, Sarna K, Nahleh Z. Clinico-pathologic factors and survival of patients with breast cancer diagnosed with de novo brain metastasis: a national cancer database analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 206:527-541. [PMID: 38683296 PMCID: PMC11208224 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with Breast Cancer (BC) with Brain Metastasis (BCBM) have poor survival outcomes. We aimed to explore the clinico-pathologic and therapeutic factors predicting the survival in patients with de novo BCBM using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). PATIENTS AND METHODS The NCDB was queried for patients with BC between 2010 and 2020. Survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank tests were used to find median overall survival (OS) in months (95% CI) across the different variables. A multivariate cox regression model was computed to identify significant predictors of survival. RESULTS Out of n = 2,610,598 patients, n = 9005 (0.34%) had de novo BCBM. A trend of decreasing OS was observed with increasing age, Charlson-Deyo score (CDS), and number of extracranial metastatic sites. The highest median OS was observed in the Triple Positive and the lowest OS in the Triple Negative subgroup. Based on treatment regimen, combination of systemic therapy and local therapy achieved the highest OS. A positive trend in OS was observed in the BC subgroup analysis with targeted therapy demonstrating a survival benefit when added to systemic therapy. The multivariate cox regression model showed that age, race, ethnicity, insurance, median income, facility type, CDS, BC subtype, metastatic location sites, and treatment combinations received were significantly associated with risk of death. Receiving only local treatment for BM without systemic therapy more than doubled the risk of death compared to combining it with systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that treatment of systemic disease is the major factor influencing survival in patients with BCBM. Moreover, targeted therapy with anti-HER2 increased survival when added to systemic therapy explaining the highest median OS noted in the Triple Positive subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hijazi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA.
| | - Mohamed Mohanna
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - Saad Sabbagh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - María Herrán
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - Barbara Dominguez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - Kaylee Sarna
- Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
| | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, 33331, USA
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Panis C, Lemos B. Pesticide exposure and increased breast cancer risk in women population studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:172988. [PMID: 38710391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is emerging as a risk factor for various human diseases. Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease with known genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Most BC cases are attibutable to non-genetic risk factors, with a history of adverse environmental exposures playing a significant role. Pesticide exposure can occur at higher levels in female populations participating in rural activities such as spraying of pesticides in the field, unprotected handling of pesticides at home, and washing of contaminated clothes. Exposure can also be significant in the drinking water of certain populations. Here, we reviewed the literature on women's exposure to pesticides and the risk of BC. We summarize the main links between pesticide exposure and BC and discuss the role of dose and exposure context, as well as potential mechanisms of toxicity. Overall, reports reviewed here have documented stronger associations between higher levels of exposure and BC risk, including documenting direct and acute pesticide exposure in certain female populations. However, discrepancies among studies regarding dose and mode of exposure may result in misunderstandings about the risks posed by pesticide exposure. Plausible mechanisms linking pesticides to breast cancer risk include their impacts as endocrine disruptors, as well as their roles as genotoxic agents, and modulators of the epigenome. Besides establishing links between pesticide exposure and breast cancer, the literature also highlights the critical need to understand the routes and doses of women's exposure to pesticides and the specific associations and mechanisms that are determinants of disease etiology and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Panis
- R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- R Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Coit Center for Longevity and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Wetzl M, Heilingbrunner T, Heindl F, Wenkel E, Uder M, Ohlmeyer S. Detectability of Breast Cancer in Dedicated Breast CT Compared With Mammography Dependent on Breast Density. Invest Radiol 2024:00004424-990000000-00229. [PMID: 38949016 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the detectability of non-contrast-enhanced and contrast-enhanced spiral breast computed tomography ([non]-CE-SBCT) compared with mammography. Secondary objectives are to determine detectability depending on breast density and to evaluate appearance of breast malignancies according to BI-RADS descriptors. METHODS This retrospective institutional review board-approved study included 90 women with 105 biopsy-proven malignant breast lesions. Breast density, BI-RADS descriptors, and detectability were evaluated by 2 independent readers. Diagnostic confidence was rated on a 4-point Likert scale. RESULTS For readers 1 and 2, detectability was 83.8% and 80.0% for mammography, 99.1% and 99.1% for CE-SBCT ( P < 0.05), and 66.7% and 61.9% for non-CE-SBCT ( P < 0.05). With both readers, detectability in CE-SBCT was high for density A/B/C/D (both 100%/100%/100%/87.5%). Detectability of readers declined with increasing density for mammography (density A = 100%, B = 89.1% and 95.1%, C = 73.1%, D = 50.0% and 71.4%; P < 0.05) and for non-CE-SBCT (density A = 87.5% and 90.7%, B = 65.5% and 69.1%, C = 54.8% and 60.0%, D = 37.5%; P < 0.05). Mass lesions were detected with CT as often as with mammography, whereas architectural distortions and microcalcifications were detected less often with SBCT. Diagnostic confidence was very high or high in 97.2% for CE-SBCT, in 74.1% for non-CE-SBCT, and in 81.4% for mammography. CONCLUSIONS Detectability and diagnostic confidence were very high in CE-SBCT, regardless of breast density. The detectability of non-CE-SBCT was lower than that of mammography and declined with increasing breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wetzl
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (M.W., T.H., E.W., M.U., S.O.); Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.H.); and Radiologie München GbR, Munich, Germany (E.W.)
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Huang XY, Shen JY, Huang K, Wang L, Sethi G, Ma Z. Cuproptosis in cancers: Function and implications from bench to bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116874. [PMID: 38850661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper, an indispensable micronutrient, is implicated in numerous vital biological processes and is essential for all physiological activities. Recently, the discovery of a novel type of copper-dependent cell death, known as cuproptosis, has shed light on its role in cancer development. Extensive research is currently underway to unravel the mechanisms underlying cuproptosis and its correlation with various cancer types. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of cuproptosis in various cancer types, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and cutaneous melanoma. Furthermore, the effects of copper-related agents such as copper chelators and copper ionophores on cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumor immunity, and chemotherapy resistance have been explored in cancer preclinical and clinical trials. These insights provide promising avenues for the development of prospective anticancer drugs aimed at inducing cuproptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Jia-Yang Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Ke Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, 117599 Singapore.
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, 1 Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China.
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Ma S, Liu Y, Gao P, Ma R. Independent Validation of the BRENDA-Score Breast Cancer Prognosis Prediction Tool In Chinese Patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:e389-e395. [PMID: 38538518 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BRENDA-Score was developed and used to predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC). This study was performed to validate the use of this tool in Chinese patients with primary invasive BC patients. METHODS Patients underwent surgery for BC from January 2009 to December 2016. Discrimination was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Calibrations were assessed by comparing predicted and observed 5-year and 10-year metastasis-free survival (MFS) in the overall cohort and patient subgroups. RESULTS A total of 2029 BC patients were enrolled. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant differences in MFS risk groups (log-rank test P < .01). ROC analysis showed good accuracy for 5-year MFS (AUC 0.779) and fair accuracy for 10-year MFS (AUC 0.728). The BRENDA-Score accurately predicted 5-year and 10-year MFS in the entire cohort and in all other predefined subgroups, except for the 5-year MFS in the subgroup aged<40 years, which was overestimated (differences between the predicted and observed MFS were 6.7%, P < .05). The 5-year MFS rates of ER- positive and ER-negative patients were 90.9% and 80.6%, respectively (P < .05). The 10-year MFS rates of ER-positive and ER-negative patients were 78.0% and 73.7%, respectively (P = .25). CONCLUSIONS The BRENDA-Score accurately predicted 5-year and 10-year MFS. The results showed good validity, transportability, and potential clinical value. However, the results for 5-years MFS should be interpreted carefully in patients aged <40 years. After 10 years the value of the ER as a prognostic factor was less important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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7
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Snijesh VP, Nimbalkar VP, Patil S, Rajarajan S, Anupama CE, Mahalakshmi S, Alexander A, Soundharya R, Ramesh R, Srinath BS, Jolly MK, Prabhu JS. Differential role of glucocorticoid receptor based on its cell type specific expression on tumor cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101957. [PMID: 38643748 PMCID: PMC11039344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is frequently expressed in breast cancer (BC), and its prognostic implications are contingent on estrogen receptor (ER) status. To address conflicting reports and explore therapeutic potential, a GR signature (GRsig) independent of ER status was developed. We also investigated cell type-specific GR protein expression in BC tumor epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. METHODS GRsig was derived from Dexamethasone treated cell lines through a bioinformatic pipeline. Immunohistochemistry assessed GR protein expression. Associations between GRsig and tumor phenotypes (proliferation, cytolytic activity (CYT), immune cell distribution, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were explored in public datasets. Single-cell RNA sequencing data evaluated context-dependent GR roles, and a cell type-specific prognostic role was assessed in an independent BC cohort. RESULTS High GRsig levels were associated with a favorable prognosis across BC subtypes. Tumor-specific high GRsig correlated with lower proliferation, increased CYT, and anti-tumorigenic immune cells. Single-cell data analysis revealed higher GRsig expression in immune cells, negatively correlating with EMT while a positive correlation was observed with EMT primarily in tumor and stromal cells. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated the robust and independent predictive capability of GRsig for favorable prognosis. GR protein expression on immune cells in triple-negative tumors indicated a favorable prognosis. CONCLUSION This study underscores the cell type-specific role of GR, where its expression on tumor cells is associated with aggressive features like EMT, while in infiltrating lymphocytes, it predicts a better prognosis, particularly within TNBC tumors. The GRsig emerges as a promising independent prognostic indicator across diverse BC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Snijesh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya P Nimbalkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharada Patil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha Rajarajan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - C E Anupama
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Mahalakshmi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Annie Alexander
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramu Soundharya
- IISc Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Rakesh Ramesh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Srinath
- Department of Surgery, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Vellan CJ, Islam T, De Silva S, Mohd Taib NA, Prasanna G, Jayapalan JJ. Exploring novel protein-based biomarkers for advancing breast cancer diagnosis: A review. Clin Biochem 2024; 129:110776. [PMID: 38823558 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a contemporary examination of the evolving landscape of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, focusing on the pivotal role of novel protein-based biomarkers. The overview begins by elucidating the multifaceted nature of BC, exploring its prevalence, subtypes, and clinical complexities. A critical emphasis is placed on the transformative impact of proteomics, dissecting the proteome to unravel the molecular intricacies of BC. Navigating through various sources of samples crucial for biomarker investigations, the review underscores the significance of robust sample processing methods and their validation in ensuring reliable outcomes. The central theme of the review revolves around the identification and evaluation of novel protein-based biomarkers. Cutting-edge discoveries are summarised, shedding light on emerging biomarkers poised for clinical application. Nevertheless, the review candidly addresses the challenges inherent in biomarker discovery, including issues of standardisation, reproducibility, and the complex heterogeneity of BC. The future direction section envisions innovative strategies and technologies to overcome existing challenges. In conclusion, the review summarises the current state of BC biomarker research, offering insights into the intricacies of proteomic investigations. As precision medicine gains momentum, the integration of novel protein-based biomarkers emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of BC diagnosis. This review serves as a compass for researchers and clinicians navigating the evolving landscape of BC biomarker discovery, guiding them toward transformative advancements in diagnostic precision and personalised patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jane Vellan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tania Islam
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumadee De Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Galhena Prasanna
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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9
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Hwang Y, Kim Y, Min J, Jung J. Identification of novel membrane markers in circulating tumor cells of mesenchymal state in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101652. [PMID: 38375422 PMCID: PMC10875194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The ability to detect and monitor circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offers a promising approach to early detection and management of metastasis. Although studies on epithelial markers for CTC detection are actively underway, the discovery of mesenchymal markers has not been studied sufficiently. In this study, we developed a new pipeline to identify membrane markers in CTCs of mesenchymal state in breast cancer based on expression profiles of the 310 CTC samples. From the total CTC samples, only CTC samples in the mesenchymal state were collected by employing hierarchical clustering. In samples belonging to the mesenchymal state, we calculated the correlation coefficients between 1995 membrane genes and ZEB2, which was determined as the key mesenchymal signature, allowing the 84 positively correlated genes. Furthermore, to ensure clinical significance, Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed on the 124 breast cancer patients, resulting in the 14 genes predicting prognosis. By exploring genes commonly identified in the both analyses, F11R and PTGIR were characterized as membrane markers in CTCs of mesenchymal state in breast cancer, which were evaluated by enriched terms, literature evidence, and relevant molecular pathways. We expect that the results will be helpful to more effective strategies for metastasis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdeuk Hwang
- Division of Data Science, College of Information and Communication Technology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Kim
- Division of Data Science, College of Information and Communication Technology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Min
- Division of Data Science, College of Information and Communication Technology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyung Jung
- Division of Data Science, College of Information and Communication Technology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Republic of Korea
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10
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Posani SH, Gillis NE, Lange CA. Glucocorticoid Receptors Orchestrate a Convergence of Host and Cellular Stress Signals in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024:106575. [PMID: 38950871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of the nuclear steroid receptors that bind estrogens (ER) and progestogens (PRs) and does not exhibit HER2 (Human epidermal growth factor 2) receptor overexpression. Even in the face of initially effective chemotherapies, TNBC patients often relapse. One primary cause for therapy-resistant tumor progression is the activation of cellular stress signaling pathways. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a corticosteroid-activated transcription factor most closely related to PR, is a mediator of both endocrine/host stress and local tumor microenvironment (TME)-derived and cellular stress responses. Interestingly, GR expression is associated with a good prognosis in ER+ breast cancer but predicts poor prognosis in TNBC. Classically, GR's transcriptional activity is regulated by circulating glucocorticoids. Additionally, GR is regulated by ligand-independent signaling events. Notably, the stress-activated protein kinase, p38 MAP kinase, phosphorylates GR at serine 134 (Ser134) in response to TME-derived growth factors and cytokines, including HGF and TGFβ1. Phospho-Ser134-GR (p-Ser134-GR) associates with cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling molecules, including 14-3-3ζ, aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR), and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Phospho-GR/HIF-containing transcriptional complexes upregulate gene sets whose protein products include the components of inducible oncogenic signaling pathways (PTK6) that further promote cancer cell survival, chemoresistance, altered metabolism, and migratory/invasive behavior in TNBC. Recent studies have implicated liganded p-Ser134-GR (p-GR) in dexamethasone-mediated upregulation of genes related to TNBC cell motility and dysregulated metabolism. Herein, we review the tumor-promoting roles of GR and discuss how both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent/stress signaling-driven inputs to p-GR converge to orchestrate metastatic TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Harshita Posani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455
| | - Noelle E Gillis
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455; Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455.
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11
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Scafuri L, Buonerba C, Di Lauro V, Tortora V, Cascella M, Liguori L, Sciarra A, Sabbatino F, Diana A, Marra A, Tarantino P, Trapani D, Giuliano M, Arpino G, Curigliano G, Di Lorenzo G. Exploring a Novel Approach to Spare Classic Chemotherapy in HER2-Low, ER-Positive Breast Cancer Based on Trastuzumab Deruxtecan Combined with Endocrine Therapy. Oncol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40487-024-00286-3. [PMID: 38941050 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer presents diverse molecular subtypes affecting treatment strategies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low, hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer poses a challenge due to limited targeted therapies. Current neoadjuvant treatment primarily utilizes chemotherapy, with conflicting results regarding efficacy in patients with HER2-low breast cancer. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) shows promise in HER2-low metastatic disease, and preliminary evidence suggests synergy with endocrine therapy. OBJECTIVE This editorial explores the hypothesis that neoadjuvant T-DXd with or without endocrine therapy offers efficacy in the clinical management of HR+/HER2-low breast cancer. METHODS We propose a phase II study with two treatment arms: T-DXd + letrozole and T-DXd alone. The primary endpoint is the radiological complete response rate. Secondary endpoints include pathological complete response rate, safety, event-free survival, and overall survival. Exploratory analyses will compare the arms to identify potential for optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects. CONCLUSIONS This study design allows for initial assessment of T-DXd with or without endocrine therapy in the treatment of HER2-low breast cancer. The findings may pave the way for personalized treatment strategies and inform future research, potentially leading to a chemotherapy-sparing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scafuri
- Oncology Unit, "Andrea Tortora" Hospital, ASL Salerno, Pagani, Italy.
- Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Oncology Unit, "Andrea Tortora" Hospital, ASL Salerno, Pagani, Italy
- Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lauro
- Department of Breast & Thoracic Oncology, Division of Breast Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cascella
- Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Luigi Liguori
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, NA, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Diana
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Tarantino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Oncology Unit, "Andrea Tortora" Hospital, ASL Salerno, Pagani, Italy
- Associazione O.R.A. ETS-Oncology Research Assistance, Salerno, Italy
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12
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Akbari A, Nemati M, Lighvan ZM, Khanamiri FN, Rezaie J, Rasmi Y. Synthesis of metformin-derived fluorescent quantum dots: uptake, cytotoxicity, and inhibition in human breast cancer cells through autophagy pathway. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:38. [PMID: 38915025 PMCID: PMC11197241 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer remains a challenge for physicians. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, show promising anticancer properties against cancers. An emerging quantum dot (QD) material improves therapeutic agents' anticancer and imaging properties. QD are nano-sized particles with extreme application in nanotechnology captured by cells and accumulated inside cells, suggesting bioimaging and effective anticancer outcomes. In this study, a simple one-pot hydrothermal method was used to synthesize fluorescent metformin-derived carbon dots (M-CDs) and then investigated the cytotoxic effects and imaging features on two human breast cancer cell lines including, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS Results showed that M-CDs profoundly decreased the viability of both cancer cells. IC50 values showed that M-CDs were more cytotoxic than metformin either 24-48 h post-treatment. Cancer cells uptake M-CDs successfully, which causes morphological changes in cells and increased levels of intracellular ROS. The number of Oil Red O-positive cells and the expression of caspase-3 protein were increased in M-CDs treated cells. Authophagic factors including, AMPK, mTOR, and P62 were down-regulated, while p-AMPK, Becline-1, LC3 I, and LC3 II were up-regulated in M-CDs treated cells. Finally, M-CDs caused a decrease in the wound healing rate of cells. CONCLUSIONS For the first, M-CDs were synthesized by simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment without further purification. M-CDs inhibited both breast cancer cells through modulating autophagy signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BoX: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, Urmia, 57147, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mehri Lighvan
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nazari Khanamiri
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BoX: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, Urmia, 57147, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BoX: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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13
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Nahle AA, Hamdar H, Awada R, Kaddour Z, Rammal Z, Abbas R, Jalloul SI, Ismail NH. Assessing quality of life and depression in non-metastatic breast cancer patients following surgical treatment: A cross-sectional study in Lebanon. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38588. [PMID: 38905381 PMCID: PMC11191868 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a global health concern that significantly impacts the quality of life (QOL) of individuals. This study aims to comprehensively examine the interplay between QOL and depression among nonmetastatic breast cancer patients in Lebanon, a region with limited research in this context. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hammoud Hospital-University Medical Center from January 2018 to January 2023. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed as Google Forms via WhatsApp. A total of 193 patients had non-metastatic breast cancer. Out of these, 81 valid responses were obtained. The Patient Health Questionnaire and Quality of Life Scale were used to assess depression and QOL, respectively. A total of 81 patients were included with mean age 54.4 years. Results revealed that 77.8% of patients experienced provisional depression, with 35.8% meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. Financial status and chronic diseases were associated with the likelihood of developing major depressive disorder. The mean QOL score was 81.14, lower than the average for healthy individuals. Educational level and presence of chronic diseases were significant factors influencing QOL. Postsurgical depression prevalence is substantial, underscoring the importance of integrating mental health care. Economic status and comorbidities are influential factors, necessitating targeted interventions. Breast cancer's impact on QOL is profound, falling below that of other chronic conditions. Education empowers coping, while comorbidities impact QOL. Our findings emphasize the multidimensional nature of breast cancer care, advocating for holistic support and addressing emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hussein Hamdar
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rim Awada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri University Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Kaddour
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Rammal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri University Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Rim Abbas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri University Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Ibrahim Jalloul
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Mohamed AH, Ahmed AT, Al Abdulmonem W, Bokov DO, Shafie A, Al-Hetty HRAK, Hsu CY, Alissa M, Nazir S, Jamali MC, Mudhafar M. Interleukin-6 serves as a critical factor in various cancer progression and therapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:182. [PMID: 38900329 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in host immune defense and acute stress responses. Moreover, it modulates various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and differentiation. These effects are facilitated by various signaling pathways, particularly the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). However, excessive IL-6 production and dysregulated signaling are associated with various cancers, promoting tumorigenesis by influencing all cancer hallmarks, such as apoptosis, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, and notably, metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that selective inhibition of the IL-6 signaling pathway yields therapeutic benefits across diverse malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, prostate, colorectal, renal, ovarian, and lung cancers. Targeting key components of IL-6 signaling, such as IL-6Rs, gp130, STAT3, and JAK via monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or small molecules, is a heavily researched approach in preclinical cancer studies. The purpose of this study is to offer an overview of the role of IL-6 and its signaling pathway in various cancer types. Furthermore, we discussed current preclinical and clinical studies focusing on targeting IL-6 signaling as a therapeutic strategy for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma'a H Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Hilla, 51001, Iraq
| | - Abdulrahman T Ahmed
- Department of Nursing, Al-Maarif University College, Ramadi, AL-Anbar Governorate, Iraq.
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, Russian Federation, 109240
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University Tempe Campus, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Nazir
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Chand Jamali
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Liwa College, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Mudhafar
- Department of Medical Physics, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques and Intensive Care, Al-Taff University College, Kerbala, 56001, Iraq
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15
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Amaro-da-Cruz A, Rubio-Tomás T, Álvarez-Mercado AI. Specific microbiome patterns and their association with breast cancer: the intestinal microbiota as a potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03554-w. [PMID: 38890244 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in women. Based on histological characteristics, they are classified as non-invasive, or in situ (tumors located within the milk ducts or milk lobules) and invasive. BC may develop from in situ carcinomas over time. Determining prognosis and predicting response to treatment are essential tools to manage this disease and reduce its incidence and mortality, as well as to promote personalized therapy for patients. However, over half of the cases are not associated with known risk factors. In addition, some patients develop resistance to treatment and relapse. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new biomarkers and treatment strategies that improve existing therapies. In this regard, the role of the microbiome is being researched as it could play a role in carcinogenesis and the efficacy of BC therapies. This review aims to describe specific microbiome patterns associated with BC. For this, a literature search was carried out in PubMed database using the MeSH terms "Breast Neoplasms" and "Gastrointestinal Microbiome", including 29 publications. Most of the studies have focused on characterizing the gut or breast tissue microbiome of the patients. Likewise, studies in animal models and in vitro that investigated the impact of gut microbiota (GM) on BC treatments and the effects of the microbiome on tumor cells were included. Based on the results of the included articles, BC could be associated with an imbalance in the GM. This imbalance varied depending on molecular type, stage and grade of cancer, menopause, menarche, body mass index, and physical activity. However, a specific microbial profile could not be identified as a biomarker. On the other hand, some studies suggest that the GM may influence the efficacy of BC therapies. In addition, some microorganisms and bacterial metabolites could improve the effects of therapies or influence tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Amaro-da-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ana I Álvarez-Mercado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016, Armilla, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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16
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Aquino-Acevedo AN, Orengo-Orengo JA, Cruz-Robles ME, Saavedra HI. Mitotic kinases are emerging therapeutic targets against metastatic breast cancer. Cell Div 2024; 19:21. [PMID: 38886738 PMCID: PMC11184769 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to outline mitotic kinase inhibitors' roles as potential therapeutic targets and assess their suitability as a stand-alone clinical therapy or in combination with standard treatments for advanced-stage solid tumors, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Breast cancer poses a significant global health risk, with TNBC standing out as the most aggressive subtype. Comprehending the role of mitosis is crucial for understanding how TNBC advances from a solid tumor to metastasis. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment used to treat TNBC. Some types of chemotherapeutic agents target cells in mitosis, thus highlighting the need to comprehend the molecular mechanisms governing mitosis in cancer. This understanding is essential for devising targeted therapies to disrupt these mitotic processes, prevent or treat metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. Mitotic kinases like Aurora kinase A, Aurora Kinase B, never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 2, Threonine-Tyrosine kinase, and Polo-kinase 1 significantly impact cell cycle progression by contributing to chromosome separation and centrosome homeostasis. When these kinases go awry, they can trigger chromosome instability, increase cell proliferation, and activate different molecular pathways that culminate in a transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cells. Ongoing clinical trials investigate various mitotic kinase inhibitors as potential biological treatments against advanced solid tumors. While clinical trials against mitotic kinases have shown some promise in the clinic, more investigation is necessary, since they induce severe adverse effects, particularly affecting the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Aquino-Acevedo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA
| | - Joel A Orengo-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA
| | - Melanie E Cruz-Robles
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA.
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17
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Wahab MRA, Palaniyandi T, Thamada S, Viswanathan S, Baskar G, Surendran H, Baraneedharan P, Kannan J, Ravi M, Rajinikanth S, El-Tayeb MA, Syed S. Assessment of genome mutation analysis for tumor-informed detection of circulating tumor DNA in patients with breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119818. [PMID: 38879066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer, one of the most aggressive types of cancer, poses significant challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Emerging as a promising biomarker, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be used to identify and monitor disease risk. This study sought to examine the impact of mutations in various genes on the progression of breast cancer. Genetic variants associated with breast cancer have been examined in individuals diagnosed with the disease worldwide. METHODS Fifty female participants underwent breast cancer testing. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze peripheral blood DNA from these individuals to detect disease-causing mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, TP53, and ATM genes. Genetic alterations linked to breast cancer were screened and the findings were compared with those of tumor genes. RESULTS The development of hereditary/early onset breast cancer in this study was significantly associated with mutations in ATM, PTEN, TP53, and BRCA1/BRCA2, according to the analysis of sequencing data. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing ctDNA in patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing palliative treatment using an SS-based technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai-602105, India.
| | - Swarnakala Thamada
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Zoological Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair 744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Sandhiya Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai-600095, India
| | - P Baraneedharan
- Centre for Photonics and Nanotechnology Research, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, India
| | - J Kannan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Madras Medical College, R. G. G. G. H., Chennai-600003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai- 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suba Rajinikanth
- Department of Paediatrics, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Chennai-600095, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaban Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Schroeder J, Polemi KM, Tapaswi A, Svoboda LK, Sexton JZ, Colacino JA. Investigating phenotypic plasticity due to toxicants with exposure disparities in primary human breast cells in vitro. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1411295. [PMID: 38915368 PMCID: PMC11194339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1411295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer, as well as the primary cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Of the different breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly aggressive and is associated with poor prognosis. Black women are two to three times more likely to be diagnosed with TNBCs than white women. Recent experimental evidence suggests that basal-like TNBCs may derive from luminal cells which acquire basal characteristics through phenotypic plasticity, a newly recognized hallmark of cancer. Whether chemical exposures can promote phenotypic plasticity in breast cells is poorly understood. Methods To investigate further, we developed a high-content immunocytochemistry assay using normal human breast cells to test whether chemical exposures can impact luminal/basal plasticity by unbiased quantification of keratin 14 (KRT14), a basal-myoepithelial marker; keratin 8 (KRT8), a luminal-epithelial marker; and Hoechst 33342, a DNA marker. Six cell lines established from healthy tissue from donors to the Susan G. Komen Normal Tissue Bank were exposed for 48 hours to three different concentrations (0.1μM, 1μM, and 10μM) of eight ubiquitous chemicals (arsenic, BPA, BPS, cadmium, copper, DDE, lead, and PFNA), with documented exposure disparities in US Black women, in triplicate. Automated fluorescence image quantification was performed using Cell Profiler software, and a random-forest classifier was trained to classify individual cells as KRT8 positive, KRT14 positive, or hybrid (both KRT8 and KRT14 positive) using Cell Profiler Analyst. Results and discussion Results demonstrated significant concentration-dependent increases in hybrid populations in response to BPA, BPS, DDE, and PFNA. The increase in hybrid populations expressing both KRT14 and KRT8 is indicative of a phenotypically plastic progenitor-like population in line with known theories of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, BPA, BPS, DDE, and copper produced significant increases in cell proliferation, which could be indicative of a more malignant phenotype. These results further elucidate the relationship between chemical exposure and breast phenotypic plasticity and highlight potential environmental factors that may impact TNBC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Schroeder
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katelyn M. Polemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anagha Tapaswi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Laurie K. Svoboda
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Lee J, Bao X. Comparative Review on Cancer Pathology from Aberrant Histone Chaperone Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6403. [PMID: 38928110 PMCID: PMC11203986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone chaperones are integral to chromatin dynamics, facilitating the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes, thereby playing a crucial role in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. Moreover, they prevent aberrant histone interactions prior to chromatin assembly. Disruption in histone chaperone function may result in genomic instability, which is implicated in pathogenesis. This review aims to elucidate the role of histone chaperones in cancer pathologies and explore their potential as therapeutic targets. Histone chaperones have been found to be dysregulated in various cancers, with alterations in expression levels, mutations, or aberrant interactions leading to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In addition, this review intends to highlight the molecular mechanisms of interactions between histone chaperones and oncogenic factors, underscoring their roles in cancer cell survival and proliferation. The dysregulation of histone chaperones is significantly correlated with cancer development, establishing them as active contributors to cancer pathology and viable targets for therapeutic intervention. This review advocates for continued research into histone chaperone-targeted therapies, which hold potential for precision medicine in oncology. Future advancements in understanding chaperone functions and interactions are anticipated to lead to novel cancer treatments, enhancing patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiucong Bao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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Chaudhry Z, Boyadzhyan A, Sasaninia K, Rai V. Targeting Neoantigens in Cancer: Possibilities and Opportunities in Breast Cancer. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:46. [PMID: 38920970 PMCID: PMC11200483 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide, breast cancer has garnered significant attention within the clinical research setting. While traditional treatment employs a multidisciplinary approach including a variety of therapies such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and even surgery, researchers have since directed their attention to the budding role of neoantigens. Neoantigens are defined as tumor-specific antigens that result from a multitude of genetic alterations, the most prevalent of which is the single nucleotide variant. As a result of their foreign nature, neoantigens elicit immune responses upon presentation by Major Histocompatibility Complexes I and II followed by recognition by T cell receptors. Previously, researchers have been able to utilize these immunogenic properties and manufacture neoantigen-specific T-cells and neoantigen vaccines. Within the context of breast cancer, biomarkers such as tumor protein 53 (TP53), Survivin, Partner and Localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2), and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor T (PTPRT) display exceeding potential to serve as neoantigens. However, despite their seemingly limitless potential, neoantigens must overcome various obstacles if they are to be fairly distributed to patients. For instance, a prolonged period between the identification of a neoantigen and the dispersal of treatment poses a serious risk within the context of breast cancer. Regardless of these current obstacles, it appears highly promising that future research into neoantigens will make an everlasting impact on the health outcomes within the realm of breast cancer. The purpose of this literature review is to comprehensively discuss the etiology of various forms of breast cancer and current treatment modalities followed by the significance of neoantigens in cancer therapeutics and their application to breast cancer. Further, we have discussed the limitations, future directions, and the role of transcriptomics in neoantigen identification and personalized medicine. The concepts discussed in the original and review articles were included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (Z.C.); (A.B.); (K.S.)
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Malandrini F, Meregaglia M, Di Maio M, Pinto C, De Lorenzo F, Ciani O. The development of an archive of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in oncology: The Italian PRO4All project. Eur J Cancer 2024; 207:114161. [PMID: 38870746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing the most adequate measure of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for a specific medical condition is not straightforward. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive archive of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), observer-reported outcome measures (ObsROMs) and caregiver-reported outcome measures (CROMs) in oncology and identify their main characteristics and target outcome domains. MATERIALS AND METHODS As part of the Italian PRO4All Project, we retrieved questionnaires through an extensive search of online databases. We developed a data extraction form to collect information on cancer type, questionnaire variant(s), recall period, and scoring system. We performed a content analysis of the questionnaires to assign each item a specific outcome domain according to a predefined 38-item taxonomy. RESULTS A total of 386 PROMs (n = 356), ObsROMs (n = 13) and CROMs (n = 17) were identified and described; of these, 358 were also analyzed in their content. 47.3 % of the instruments were cancer type-specific, 45.1 % were generic for cancer and 7.9 % were developed for the general population but also recommended in oncology. The great majority (92.2 %) were patient-reported. In 50.3 % the recall period was "last week". The mean number of items per questionnaire was 22.0 (range: 1-130). 7794 items were assigned an outcome domain, the most frequent being emotional functioning/wellbeing (22 %), physical functioning (15.7 %), general outcomes (10.1 %) and delivery of care (8.9 %). CONCLUSIONS There are a variety of patient and caregiver-reported measures in oncology. This archive can guide researchers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable measures and fostering a patient-centered approach in clinical trials, clinical practice, and regulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Malandrini
- Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Meregaglia
- Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy; Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italy
| | - Carmine Pinto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Federation of Italian Cooperative Oncology Groups (FICOG), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Ciani
- Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy.
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Kalsoom A, Altaf A, Sattar H, Maqbool T, Sajjad M, Jilani MI, Shabbir G, Aftab S. Gene expression and anticancer evaluation of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Extracts using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303134. [PMID: 38837975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a cancer research trend has shifted towards identifying novel therapeutic compounds from natural assets for the management of cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the cytotoxic activity of Kigelia Africana (KA) extracts on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and noncancerous kidney cells (HEK-293T) to develop an efficient anticancer medication. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS to analyze the constituents of EKA and HKA extracts meanwhile the crystal violet and the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assays were used to examine the possible cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on our cancer cell lines along with non-cancerous control. The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was run on cell samples to evaluate the differential expression of cell proliferative markers of cancer (BCL-2 and TP53). These phytochemicals have been reported to have binding affinity for some other growth factors and receptors as well which was evaluated by the in-silico molecular docking against Bcl2, EGFR, HER2, and TP53. Our Morphological observation showed a significant difference in the cell morphology and proliferation potential which was decreased under the effect of plant extracts treatment as compared to the control samples. The ethanol extract exhibited a marked antiproliferative activity towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 = 20 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR gene expression investigation revealed that the IC50 concentration of ethanolic extract regulated the levels of mRNA expression of apoptotic genes. With the target and active binding site amino acids discovered in the molecular docking investigation, TP53/Propanoic acid, 3-(2, 3, 6-trimethyl-1, 4-dioxaspiro [4.4] non-7-yl)-, methyl ester (-7.1 kcal/mol) is the best-docked ligand. The use of this plant in folk remedies justifies its high in vitro anti-cancer capabilities. This work highlights the role of phytochemicals in the inhibition of cancer proliferation. Based on all these findings, it can be concluded that EKA extract has promising anti-proliferative effect on cancerous cells but more study is required in future to further narrow down the active ingredients of total crude extract with specific targets in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasia Kalsoom
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Awais Altaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- School of Biological Sciences, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Shabbir
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Aftab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chavarría Piudo N, Blancas I, González Flores E, Henao Carrasco F, López Álvarez P, Morales Pancorbo D, Gámez Casado S, Lomas Garrido MDLC, Rodríguez García JM, Martínez Guisado A, Sánchez Vega A, Ruíz Borrego M. Retrospective registry of patients with locally advanced/metastatic HR +/HER2 - breast cancer treated in clinical practice in Andalusia. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03510-8. [PMID: 38831191 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available regarding the real-world effectiveness and safety of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) (palbociclib/ribociclib) just as a first-line treatment for patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR + /HER2‒) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). OBJECTIVE To assess whether clinical or demographic characteristics limit access to first-line CDK4/6i treatment in clinical practice in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia (Spain) between November 2017 and April 2020. In addition, effectiveness will be described in an exploratory analysis. METHODS Physicians from 12 centers participated in selecting demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome data from women with HR + /HER2- MBC treated with or without CDK4/6i in addition to hormonal in the first-line setting, in a 3:1 proportion. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated progression-free rates (PFRs) and survival rates (SRs). RESULTS A total of 212 patients were included, of whom 175 (82.5%) were in the CDK4/6i treatment group and 37 (17.5%) were in the non-CDK4/6i treatment group (control group). Patients in the CDK 4/6i treatment group were younger (p = 0.0011), the biopsies of the metastatic site at the moment of the relapse were most commonly performed (p = 0.0454), and had multiple metastatic sites (p = 0.0025). The clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 82.3% in the CDK4/6i group and 67.8% in the control group. Median time to a progression event or death (PFS) was 20.4 months (95%CI 15.6-28) in the CDK4/6i group and 12.1 months (95%CI 7.9-not reached) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Younger patients, biopsies of metastatic disease and with multiple metastatic sites were more frequently treated with CDK4/6i in our daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chavarría Piudo
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación E Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Institute for Biomedica Research and Innovation, Hospital Universitario de Jerez de La Frontera, Jerez, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Isabel Blancas
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.Granada) and Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada University, Granada, Spain
| | - Encarna González Flores
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Henao Carrasco
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Fundacion Para La Gestión de La Investigacion en Salud de Sevilla (FISEVI), Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar López Álvarez
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Salvador Gámez Casado
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación E Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA), Institute for Biomedica Research and Innovation, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Adrián Sánchez Vega
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de Puerto Real, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBiCA) [Institute for Biomedica Research and Innovation], Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruíz Borrego
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Fundacion para la Gestión de la Investigacion en Salud de Sevilla (FISEVI), Sevilla, Spain
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Serpico L, Zhu Y, Maia RF, Sumedha S, Shahbazi MA, Santos HA. Lipid nanoparticles-based RNA therapies for breast cancer treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01638-2. [PMID: 38831199 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prevails as a major burden on global healthcare, being the most prevalent form of cancer among women. BC is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and current therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, frequently fall short in providing effective solutions. These treatments fail to mitigate the risk of cancer recurrence and cause severe side effects that, in turn, compromise therapeutic responses in patients. Over the last decade, several strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations. Among them, RNA-based technologies have demonstrated their potential across various clinical applications, notably in cancer therapy. However, RNA therapies are still limited by a series of critical issues like off-target effect and poor stability in circulation. Thus, novel approaches have been investigated to improve the targeting and bioavailability of RNA-based formulations to achieve an appropriate therapeutic outcome. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been largely proven to be an advantageous carrier for nucleic acids and RNA. This perspective explores the most recent advances on RNA-based technology with an emphasis on LNPs' utilization as effective nanocarriers in BC therapy and most recent progresses in their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Serpico
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yuewen Zhu
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Faria Maia
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sumedha Sumedha
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Dhamija P, Mehata AK, Tamang R, Bonlawar J, Vaishali, Malik AK, Setia A, Kumar S, Challa RR, Koch B, Muthu MS. Redox-Sensitive Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles of Palbociclib: Development, Ultrasound/Photoacoustic Imaging, and Smart Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2713-2726. [PMID: 38706253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in women globally. The efficacy of breast cancer treatments, notably chemotherapy, is hampered by inadequate localized delivery of anticancer agents to the tumor site, resulting in compromised efficacy and increased systemic toxicity. In this study, we have developed redox-sensitive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for the smart delivery of palbociclib (PLB) to breast cancer. The particle size of formulated PLB@PLGA-NPs (nonredox-sensitive) and RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs (redox-sensitive) NPs were 187.1 ± 1.8 nm and 193.7 ± 1.5 nm, respectively. The zeta potentials of nonredox-sensitive and redox-sensitive NPs were +24.99 ± 2.67 mV and +9.095 ± 1.87 mV, respectively. The developed NPs were characterized for morphological and various physicochemical parameters such as SEM, TEM, XRD, DSC, TGA, XPS, etc. The % entrapment efficiency of PLB@PLGA-NPs and RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs was found to be 85.48 ± 1.29% and 87.72 ± 1.55%, respectively. RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs displayed a rapid drug release at acidic pH and a higher GSH concentration compared to PLB@PLGA-NPs. The cytotoxicity assay in MCF-7 cells suggested that PLB@PLGA-NPs and RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs were 5.24-fold and 14.53-fold higher cytotoxic compared to the free PLB, respectively. Further, the cellular uptake study demonstrated that redox-sensitive NPs had significantly higher cellular uptake compared to nonredox-sensitive NPs and free Coumarin 6 dye. Additionally, AO/EtBr assay and reactive oxygen species analysis confirmed the superior activity of RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs over PLB@PLGA-NPs and free PLB. In vivo anticancer activity in dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer rats depicted that RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs was highly effective in reducing the tumor size, hypoxic tumor, and tumor vascularity compared to PLB@PLGA-NPs and free PLB. Further, hemocompatibility study reveals that the developed NPs were nonhemolytic to human blood. Moreover, an in vivo histopathology study confirmed that both nanoparticles were safe and nontoxic to the vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Dhamija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rupen Tamang
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Bonlawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vaishali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Aseem Setia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar
- SATHI, Central Discovery Centre, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ranadheer Reddy Challa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, VIGNAN'S Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Genotoxicology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Spartiati A, Demetriou A, Scoutellas V, Christophi CA, Makris KC. Temporal trends of cancer incidence rates for the most frequent cancer sites in Cyprus (2004-2017). Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2000. [PMID: 38864727 PMCID: PMC11168067 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. Little information is available for the temporal trends of cancer in the Mediterranean region, including Cyprus. AIMS We aimed to analyze cancer incidence trends overall and by sex for the period 2004-2017 regarding the five most common cancer sites for the population of Cyprus. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were obtained from the nationwide cancer registry dataset that included 27 017 total cancer cases in Cyprus (2004-2017). We estimated the crude, sex-, and age-specific, as well as age-standardized (ASR) cancer incidence rates and we analyzed the time trends of ASR using the joinpoint regression program. For the general population (0-85+ years of age), the most common cancer sites in descending order, were breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, and thyroid cancer. During the study period, breast and thyroid cancer ASR presented a significant (p < .05) increasing temporal trend. Lung cancer ASRs seemed to stabilize (no increase or decrease) during the more recent years (2009 onwards) for both sexes; a similar pattern was observed for colorectal cancer in males. The ASRs of prostate cancer in men were in steady decline from 2012 onwards and the same was observed for the female ASRs of colorectal cancer from 2007 onwards. The colorectal cancer ASR temporal patterns overall, during the whole study period appeared unchanged. CONCLUSION This temporal analysis would feed into cancer surveillance and control programs that focus on prevention, early detection, and treatment, particularly for cancer sites of higher mortality rates or those with temporally increasing trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Spartiati
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health SciencesCyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
| | | | | | - Costas A. Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health SciencesCyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
| | - Konstantinos C. Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health SciencesCyprus University of TechnologyLimassolCyprus
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Mustafa M, Sarfraz S, Saleem G, Khan TA, Shahid D, Taj S, Amir N. Beyond Milk and Nurture: Breastfeeding's Powerful Impact on Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2024; 84:541-554. [PMID: 38884025 PMCID: PMC11175834 DOI: 10.1055/a-2313-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) stands as a global concern, given its high incidence and impact on women's mortality. This complex disease has roots in various risk factors, some modifiable and others not. Understanding and identifying these factors can be instrumental in both preventing BC and improving survival rates. Remarkably, women's reproductive behaviors have emerged as critical determinants of BC susceptibility. Numerous studies have shed light on how aspects including age of menarche, first pregnancy and menopause along with number of pregnancies, hormone replacement therapies, can influence one's risk of developing BC. Furthermore, the act of breastfeeding and its duration have shown an inverse relationship with BC risk. This review delves into the biological and molecular mechanisms associated with breastfeeding that contribute to BC protection. It highlights the role of endocrine processes triggered by suckling stimulation, the gradual onset of lactational amenorrhea, delayed weaning, reduced lifetime menstrual cycles, chromosomal repair mechanisms, and immunological events throughout the lactation cycle. These insights provide a potential explanation for the protective effects conferred by breastfeeding against breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mustafa
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Sarfraz
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gullelalah Saleem
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad Khan
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Damiya Shahid
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Taj
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Amir
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
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28
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Bhat AA, Gupta G, Dahiya R, Thapa R, Gahtori A, Shahwan M, Jakhmola V, Tiwari A, Kumar M, Dureja H, Singh SK, Dua K, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V. CircRNAs: Pivotal modulators of TGF-β signalling in cancer pathogenesis. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:277-287. [PMID: 38505309 PMCID: PMC10945146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate molecular landscape of cancer pathogenesis continues to captivate researchers worldwide, with Circular RNAs (circRNAs) emerging as pivotal players in the dynamic regulation of biological functions. The study investigates the elusive link between circRNAs and the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway, exploring their collective influence on cancer progression and metastasis. Our comprehensive investigation begins by profiling circRNA expression patterns in diverse cancer types, revealing a repertoire of circRNAs intricately linked to the TGF-β pathway. Through integrated bioinformatics analyses and functional experiments, we elucidate the specific circRNA-mRNA interactions that modulate TGF-β signalling, unveiling the regulatory controls governing this crucial pathway. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence of the impact of circRNA-mediated TGF-β modulation on key cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and cell proliferation. In addition to their mechanistic roles, circRNAs have shown promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential molecular targets for cancer therapy. Their ability to modulate critical pathways, such as the TGF-β signalling axis, underscores their significance in cancer biology and clinical applications. The intricate interplay between circRNAs and TGF-β is dissected, uncovering novel regulatory circuits that contribute to the complexity of cancer biology. This review unravels a previously unexplored dimension of carcinogenesis, emphasizing the crucial role of circRNAs in shaping the TGF-β signalling landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Archana Gahtori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vikas Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, (U.P.), 244102, India
| | - Mahish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Roshan MP, O'Connell R, Nazarally M, Rodriguez de la Vega P, Bhoite P, Bisschops J, Varella M. Bridging Gaps: Analyzing Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 0 Rates and Associated Risk Factors in Disproportionally Affected Communities. Cureus 2024; 16:e61495. [PMID: 38952599 PMCID: PMC11216108 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disparities in access to breast cancer screening led to the creation of the Linda Fenner 3D Mobile Mammography Center (LFMMC), successfully increasing screening for uninsured women in Miami-Dade. However, a higher-than-expected rate of inconclusive mammograms (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 0) was found, which could lead to unnecessary procedures, stress, costs, and radiation. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 3,044 uninsured women aged over 40 (younger if positive family history of breast cancer) from Miami-Dade without breast symptoms or breast cancer history. Women's demographic characteristics, primary language spoken, body mass index (BMI), use of hormone replacement therapy and birth control, history of benign biopsy, breast surgery, family breast cancer, and menopausal status were assessed as potential risk factors for an inconclusive (BI-RADS 0) screening mammogram result. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations. Results The average age of women was 51 years (SD = 9); 59% were White, and 30% were African American. The overall frequency of BI-RADS 0 was 35%. Higher odds of BI-RADS 0 were found for women who were younger, single, premenopausal, and with benign biopsy history. Conversely, obesity and breast implant history decreased the odds of BI-RADS 0. Conclusion We found a high frequency of BI-RADS 0 in the LFMMC sample. Potential reasons include a higher risk for breast cancer or a younger sample of women screened. Future research should explore radiologists' reasoning for assigning BI-RADS 0 results and testing alternative screening strategies for younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona P Roshan
- Radiology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Rebecca O'Connell
- Internal Medicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Maheen Nazarally
- Internal Medicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Pura Rodriguez de la Vega
- Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Prasad Bhoite
- Humanities, Health, and Society, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Julia Bisschops
- Family Medicine, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Marcia Varella
- Medical and Population Health Sciences Research, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA
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Yadav M, Vaishkiar I, Sharma A, Shukla A, Mohan A, Girdhar M, Kumar A, Malik T, Mohan A. Oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer and its embedded mechanism: breast cancer resistance to conventional drugs and related therapies, a review. Open Biol 2024; 14:230272. [PMID: 38889771 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional medication and alternative therapies have long been used to treat breast cancer. One of the main problems with current treatments is that there is an increase in drug resistance in the cancer cells owing to genetic differences such as mutational changes, epigenetic changes and miRNA (microRNA) alterations such as miR-1246, miR-298, miR-27b and miR-33a, along with epigenetic modifications, such as Histone3 acetylation and CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) hypermethylation for drug resistance in breast cancer cell lines. Certain forms of conventional drug resistance have been linked to genetic changes in genes such as ABCB1, AKT, S100A8/A9, TAGLN2 and NPM. This review aims to explore the current approaches to counter breast cancer, the action mechanism, along with novel therapeutic methods endowing potential drug resistance. The investigation of novel therapeutic approaches sheds light on the phenomenon of drug resistance including genetic variations that impact distinct forms of oestrogen receptor (ER) cancer, genetic changes, epigenetics-reported resistance and their identification in patients. Long-term effective therapy for breast cancer includes selective oestrogen receptor modulators, selective oestrogen receptor degraders and genetic variations, such as mutations in nuclear genes, epigenetic modifications and miRNA alterations in target proteins. Novel research addressing combinational therapies including maytansine, photodynamic therapy, guajadiol, talazoparib, COX2 inhibitors and miRNA 1246 inhibitors have been developed to improve patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Yadav
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute , Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishita Vaishkiar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB) University, Amity University Noida , Noida, India
| | - Ananya Sharma
- Department: Botany and Microbiology, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University , Srinagar, India
| | - Akanksha Shukla
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University , Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Aradhana Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Madhuri Girdhar
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University , Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University , Jimma, Oromia 378, Ethiopia
| | - Anand Mohan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University , Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Shirani N, Mahdi‐Esferizi R, Eshraghi Samani R, Tahmasebian S, Yaghoobi H. In silico identification and in vitro evaluation of MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 gene expression in breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2114. [PMID: 38886335 PMCID: PMC11182701 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play important roles in a variety of biological processes and cancer regulatory networks, including breast cancer. AIMS This study aimed to identify a novel upregulated lncRNA in breast cancer and its associated gene using bioinformatics analysis, and then evaluate their potential roles in breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Extensive in silico studies were performed using various bioinformatics databases and tools to identify a potential upregulated breast cancer-associated lncRNA and its co-expressed gene, and to predict their potential roles, functions, and interactions. The expression level of MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 was assessed in both BC tissues and cell lines using qRT-PCR technology. MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 were selected as target genes using bioinformatics analysis. We found that MRPS30-DT and MRPS30 were significantly overexpressed in BC tissues compared with normal tissues. Also, MRPS30 showed upregulation in all three BC cell lines compared with HDF. On the other hand, MRPS30-DT significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 compared with HDF. While the expression of MRPS30-DT was significantly dropped in the resistance cell line MCF/MX compared to HDF and MCF7. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis suggested that MRPS30-DT and MRPS30 may play a potential role in BC through their involvement in some cancer signaling pathways and processes, as well as through their interaction with TFs, genes, miRNAs, and proteins related to carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings showed the dysregulation of MRPS30-DT lncRNA and MRPS30 may provide clues for exploring new therapeutic targets or molecular biomarkers in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshafarin Shirani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Roohallah Mahdi‐Esferizi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Reza Eshraghi Samani
- Department of General SurgerySchool of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Shahram Tahmasebian
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Hajar Yaghoobi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
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Yao M, Peng P, Ding X, Sun Q, Chen L. Comparison of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Pump as Adjunct to Decongestive Lymphatic Therapy against Decongestive Therapy Alone for Upper Limb Lymphedema after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Breast Care (Basel) 2024; 19:155-164. [PMID: 38894955 PMCID: PMC11182636 DOI: 10.1159/000538940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies in women worldwide, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Upper limb lymphedema (ULL) is a common complication after breast cancer surgery that affects patients' daily activities and quality of life. Decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) therapy are 2 primary treatment methods for ULL. Objectives This study aimed to compare the efficacy of DLT with IPC versus DLT alone in the management of ULL following breast cancer surgery. Method PubMed Central, SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Trial Registry, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing DLT with IPC and DLT alone in patients with breast cancer-related ULL. The risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB 2 tool. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Results A total of 1,894 citations were identified by the systematic search. Of them, 9 RCTs were included in the analysis. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for percentage volume reduction was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to 1.50; I 2 = 90.9%), showing no significant difference between the DLT alone and DLT combined with IPC (p = 0.15). Pain and heaviness scores were also comparable between the groups. However, there was a significant difference in external rotation joint mobility (SMD = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.08-1.16; I 2 = 23.8%), favoring DLT with IPC. Conclusions Our findings suggest that DLT with IPC and DLT alone showed similar findings in managing ULL after breast cancer surgery, with DLT with IPC showing a greater impact on external rotation joint mobility. Healthcare providers should consider patient preferences and individual factors when selecting the most appropriate treatment modality for ULL management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Puchao Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Ding
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Qinfang Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, China
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Hassan AN, Mustafa MS. Breast Cancer High-Penetrance Genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations Using Next-Generation Sequencing Among Iraqi Kurdish Women. Cureus 2024; 16:e62160. [PMID: 38863777 PMCID: PMC11166091 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the main high-penetrance genes that are responsible for most cases of inherited breast cancer. The present study aimed to detect the frequencies of inherited breast cancer caused by BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among Kurdish breast cancer patients, including all the exome of these two genes, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methodology Seventy women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and registered at Nanakali Hospital in Erbil, Iraq, were included. Blood samples were collected for molecular testing (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) targeting all exomes of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. All exome regions are sequenced by NGS using the Miseq system (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Obtained data were visualized using Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV 2.3 Software, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA). Data were interpreted based on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Clinically Relevant Variation (ClinVar) archives, and other databases. Results Among 70 samples, more than forty-two variants have been detected, 20 on BRCA1 and 22 on BRCA2. Regarding clinical significance, six (14.28%) variants were pathogenic, four of them on the BRCA1 gene, which were: c.3607C>T, c.3544C>T, c.68_69del, and c.224_227delAAAG, and two pathogenic variants were on BRCA2 gene: c.100G>T, and c.1813delA. Also, two (4.76%) variants were conflict interpretations of pathogenicity, one (2.38%) was a variant of uncertain significant VUS, and the rest 29 (69%) variants were benign. In addition, four new variants (three in BRCA1 and one in BRCA2 gene), never previously reported, were identified. Conclusions In conclusion, analyzing the BRCA1/2 genes provide a better prediction for the risk of developing breast cancer in the future. Variant types and frequencies differ among different populations and ethnicities, the common mutations worldwide may not be prevalent in the Kurdish population. The current research findings will be useful for future screening studies of these two genes in the Kurdish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N Hassan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, IRQ
| | - Mustafa S Mustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, IRQ
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Zhang K, Li JY, Li K. Silencing PCMT1 enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel through the PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14559. [PMID: 38853025 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether silencing Protein L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase (PCMT1) expression can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel and its possible mechanism. Tumor tissues and adjacent histologically normal tissues were collected from patients with breast cancer admitted to our hospital. Human normal breast epithelial cells MCF10A, human breast cancer cells MCF-7, and paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells MCF-7/PR were purchased. MCF-7/PR cells were further grouped into negative control (NC) group, si-PCMT1 group (transfected with si-PCMT1), 740Y-P group (treated with 740Y-P, an activator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ v-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene (AKT) signaling pathway), and si-PCMT1 + 740Y-P group (transfected with si-PCMT1 and then treated with 740Y-P). The expression level of PCMT1 in tissues and cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression level of PCMT1 in tissues and cells as well as the protein level of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, and Stathmin1 (STMN1) in cells. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and colony formation assays were used to determine cell viability, scratch assay was used to assess the migration ability of cells, and Transwell assay was used to assess the invasion ability of cells. The expression of PCMT1 was remarkably up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and MCF-7/PR cells. Silencing PCMT1 expression significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7/PR cells, and alleviated the resistance of cancer cells to paclitaxel. Additionally, silencing PCMT1 expression also inhibited the activation of PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway in MCF-7/PR cells, while activating PI3K/Akt/STMN1 pathway significantly reversed the effect of silencing PCMT1 expression on MCF-7/PR cells. PCMT1 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and MCF-7/PR cells, and silencing PCMT1 expression can not only inhibit the development of breast cancer but also enhance paclitaxel sensitivity. Its mechanism of action may be achieved by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/STMN1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin-You Li
- Department of Thyroid Breast Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Soldado-Gordillo A, Álvarez-Mercado AI. Epigenetics, Microbiota, and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:705. [PMID: 38929688 PMCID: PMC11204553 DOI: 10.3390/life14060705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. According to recent studies, alterations in the microbiota and epigenetic modulations are risk factors for this disease. This systematic review aims to determine the possible associations between the intestinal and mammary microbial populations, epigenetic modifications, and breast cancer. To achieve this objective, we conducted a literature search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Although no results are yet available in humans, studies in mice suggest a protective effect of maternal dietary interventions with bioactive compounds on the development of breast tumors in offspring. These dietary interventions also modified the gut microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa and preventing mammary carcinogenesis. In addition, short-chain fatty acids produced by the microbiota act as epigenetic modulators. Furthermore, some authors indicate that stress alters the gut microbiota, promoting breast tumor growth through epigenetic and gene expression changes in the breast tumor microenvironment. Taken together, these findings show the ability of epigenetic modifications and alterations of the microbiota associated with environmental factors to modulate the development, aggressiveness, and progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Soldado-Gordillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Department Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Suárez-Alcázar MP, García-Roca ME, Collado-Boira EJ, Recacha-Ponce P, Temprado-Albalat MD, Baliño P, Muriach M, Flores-Buils R, Salas-Medina P, Hernando C, Folch-Ayora A. Exercise and Quality of Life (QoL) in Patients Undergoing Active Breast Cancer Treatment-Comparison of Three Modalities of a 24-Week Exercise Program-A Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1107. [PMID: 38891182 PMCID: PMC11172292 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is an accepted intervention to improve the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer patients. Exercise programs have been developed, and all have shown satisfactory results in improving the QoL. There is a lack of research comparing different prescription modalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise (in-person and home-based, compared to the exercise recommendation) on the QoL in breast cancer patients actively undergoing treatment. METHODS This is a randomized clinical trial with three groups (in-person: guided and supervised in-person exercise program; home-based exercise: guided and supervised exercise program with streaming monitoring both as a intervention groups; and recommendation: exercise recommendation as a control group). The QoL was measured using the EORTIC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. A baseline and 24-week analysis were investigated. RESULTS The total sample analyzed was n = 80. The QoL improved significantly at 24 weeks in the face-to-face and home-based exercise groups, but not in the control group. Exercise in all modalities improved fatigue, nausea, vomiting, appetite, and constipation. The QoL at 24 weeks depended on active chemotherapy, tumor type, and assigned exercise group (r2 = 0.503; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The QoL in breast cancer patients undergoing active treatment improved after a 24-week exercise program, especially in face-to-face and home-based exercise. Home-based exercise and streaming-based recommendation is a viable option for exercise recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Pilar Suárez-Alcázar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - M-Elena García-Roca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Eladio J. Collado-Boira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Paula Recacha-Ponce
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | | | - Pablo Baliño
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - María Muriach
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Raquel Flores-Buils
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Pablo Salas-Medina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
| | - Carlos Hernando
- Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Sport Service, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Ana Folch-Ayora
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaime I University, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain; (M.-P.S.-A.); (M.-E.G.-R.); (P.R.-P.); (P.B.); (M.M.); (R.F.-B.); (P.S.-M.); (A.F.-A.)
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Singh A, Singh K, Kaur K, Singh A, Sharma A, Kaur K, Kaur J, Kaur G, Kaur U, Kaur H, Singh P, Bedi PMS. Coumarin as an Elite Scaffold in Anti-Breast Cancer Drug Development: Design Strategies, Mechanistic Insights, and Structure-Activity Relationships. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1192. [PMID: 38927399 PMCID: PMC11200728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Currently, it poses a significant threat to the healthcare system due to the emerging resistance and toxicity of available drug candidates in clinical practice, thus generating an urgent need for the development of new potent and safer anti-breast cancer drug candidates. Coumarin (chromone-2-one) is an elite ring system widely distributed among natural products and possesses a broad range of pharmacological properties. The unique distribution and pharmacological efficacy of coumarins attract natural product hunters, resulting in the identification of numerous natural coumarins from different natural sources in the last three decades, especially those with anti-breast cancer properties. Inspired by this, numerous synthetic derivatives based on coumarins have been developed by medicinal chemists all around the globe, showing promising anti-breast cancer efficacy. This review is primarily focused on the development of coumarin-inspired anti-breast cancer agents in the last three decades, especially highlighting design strategies, mechanistic insights, and their structure-activity relationship. Natural coumarins having anti-breast cancer efficacy are also briefly highlighted. This review will act as a guideline for researchers and medicinal chemists in designing optimum coumarin-based potent and safer anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | | | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Jaskirat Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business Management, Chandigarh University, Gharuan 140413, Mohali, India;
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (H.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Prabhsimran Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (H.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Hamada M, Varkoly KS, Riyadh O, Beladi R, Munuswamy-Ramanujam G, Rawls A, Wilson-Rawls J, Chen H, McFadden G, Lucas AR. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) in Inflammation and Disease: A Unique Inflammatory Pathway Activator. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1167. [PMID: 38927374 PMCID: PMC11201033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a unique protease binding receptor, now recognized as a key regulator of inflammation. Initially, uPA/uPAR was considered thrombolytic (clot-dissolving); however, recent studies have demonstrated its predominant immunomodulatory functions in inflammation and cancer. The uPA/uPAR complex has a multifaceted central role in both normal physiological and also pathological responses. uPAR is expressed as a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked receptor interacting with vitronectin, integrins, G protein-coupled receptors, and growth factor receptors within a large lipid raft. Through protein-to-protein interactions, cell surface uPAR modulates intracellular signaling, altering cellular adhesion and migration. The uPA/uPAR also modifies extracellular activity, activating plasminogen to form plasmin, which breaks down fibrin, dissolving clots and activating matrix metalloproteinases that lyse connective tissue, allowing immune and cancer cell invasion and releasing growth factors. uPAR is now recognized as a biomarker for inflammatory diseases and cancer; uPAR and soluble uPAR fragments (suPAR) are increased in viral sepsis (COVID-19), inflammatory bowel disease, and metastasis. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, function, and current studies examining uPAR and suPAR as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Understanding uPAR is central to developing diagnostic markers and the ongoing development of antibody, small-molecule, nanogel, and virus-derived immune-modulating treatments that target uPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hamada
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; (M.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Kyle Steven Varkoly
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Macomb Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 1000 Harrington St., Mt Clemens, MI 48043, USA
| | - Omer Riyadh
- College of Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; (M.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Roxana Beladi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ascension Providence Hospital, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 16001 W Nine Mile Rd, Southfield, MI 48075, USA;
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam
- Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India;
| | - Alan Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.R.); (J.W.-R.)
| | - Jeanne Wilson-Rawls
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.R.); (J.W.-R.)
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E Tyler St., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
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Yin G, Song G, Xue S, Liu F. Adverse event signal mining and serious adverse event influencing factor analysis of fulvestrant based on FAERS database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11367. [PMID: 38762547 PMCID: PMC11102440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fulvestrant, as the first selective estrogen receptor degrader, is widely used in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer. However, in the real world, there is a lack of relevant reports on adverse reaction data mining for fulvestrant. To perform data mining on adverse events (AEs) associated with fulvestrant and explore the risk factors contributing to severe AEs, providing a reference for the rational use of fulvestrant in clinical practice. Retrieved adverse event report information associated with fulvestrant from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, covering the period from market introduction to September 30, 2023. Suspicious AEs were screened using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio methods based on disproportionality analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on severe AEs to explore the risk factors associated with fulvestrant-induced severe AEs. A total of 6947 reports related to AEs associated with fulvestrant were obtained, including 5924 reports of severe AEs and 1023 reports of non-severe AEs. Using the disproportionality analysis method, a total of 210 valid AEs were identified for fulvestrant, with 45 AEs (21.43%) not listed in the product labeling, involving 11 systems and organs. The AEs associated with fulvestrant were sorted by frequency of occurrence, with neutropenia (325 cases) having the highest number of reports. By signal strength, injection site pruritus showed the strongest signal (ROR = 658.43). The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that concurrent use of medications with extremely high protein binding (≥ 98%) is an independent risk factor for severe AEs associated with fulvestrant. Age served as a protective factor for fulvestrant-related AEs. The co-administration of fulvestrant with CYP3A4 enzyme inhibitors did not show statistically significant correlation with the occurrence of severe AEs. Co-administration of drugs with extremely high protein binding (≥ 98%) may increase the risk of severe adverse reactions of fulvestrant. Meanwhile, age (60-74 years) may reduce the risk of severe AEs of fulvestrant. However, further clinical research is still needed to explore and verify whether there is interaction between fulvestrant and drugs with high protein binding through more clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisen Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, YantaiShandong, 264000, China
| | - Guiling Song
- Department of Chemical Medicine, Yantai Center for Food and Drug Control, YantaiShandong, 264003, China
| | - Shuyi Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group), Qingdao, 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Krętowski R, Szynaka B, Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Cechowska-Pasko M. The Synergistic Effect of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Proteasome Inhibitor in the Induction of Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5436. [PMID: 38791473 PMCID: PMC11121306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132) are some of the most commonly used compounds in various biomedical applications. However, the mechanisms of rGO- and MG-132-induced cytotoxicity remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of rGO and MG-132 against ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated that rGO, MG-132 or a mix (rGO + MG-132) induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Apart from that, we found that treatment with rGO and MG-132 or the mix increased apoptosis, necrosis and induction of caspase-8 and caspase-9 activity in both breast cancer cell lines. Apoptosis and caspase activation were accompanied by changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria in ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with rGO. Additionally, in the analyzed cells, we observed the induction of oxidative stress, accompanied by increased apoptosis and cell necrosis. In conclusion, oxidative stress induces apoptosis in the tested cells. At the same time, both mitochondrial and receptor apoptosis pathways are activated. These studies provided new information on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in the ZR-75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Krętowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Szynaka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Center, 20-819 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marzanna Cechowska-Pasko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
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Eigenfeld M, Lupp KFM, Schwaminger SP. Role of Natural Binding Proteins in Therapy and Diagnostics. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:630. [PMID: 38792650 PMCID: PMC11122601 DOI: 10.3390/life14050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematically investigates the critical role of natural binding proteins (NBPs), encompassing DNA-, RNA-, carbohydrate-, fatty acid-, and chitin-binding proteins, in the realms of oncology and diagnostics. In an era where cancer continues to pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, the innovative exploration of NBPs offers a promising frontier for advancing both the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of cancer management strategies. This manuscript provides an in-depth examination of the unique mechanisms by which NBPs interact with specific molecular targets, highlighting their potential to revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy. Furthermore, it discusses the burgeoning research on aptamers, demonstrating their utility as 'nucleic acid antibodies' for targeted therapy and precision diagnostics. Despite the promising applications of NBPs and aptamers in enhancing early cancer detection and developing personalized treatment protocols, this review identifies a critical knowledge gap: the need for comprehensive studies to understand the diverse functionalities and therapeutic potentials of NBPs across different cancer types and diagnostic scenarios. By bridging this gap, this manuscript underscores the importance of NBPs and aptamers in paving the way for next-generation diagnostics and targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Eigenfeld
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kilian F. M. Lupp
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian P. Schwaminger
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Xiao J, Tan L, Pei Y, Yang R, Li J, Feng Y, Feng J. Association between red cell distribution width and all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer: A retrospective analysis using MIMIC-IV 2.0. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302414. [PMID: 38748743 PMCID: PMC11095716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigating the association between red cell distribution width (RDW) and all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer, to evaluate the potential clinical prognostic value of RDW. METHODS Based on the RDW index, patients with breast cancer in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database were categorized into quartiles. The primary outcomes included in-hospital mortality from all causes during the first six months, the first year, and the first three years. Cox hazards regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were developed to investigate the effects of RDW on primary outcomes. RESULTS The study included 939 patients (female). The 6-month, 1-year, and 3-year mortality rates were 14.0%, 21.4%, and 28.4%, respectively. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses demonstrated that RDW exhibited an autonomous association with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. After adjusting for confounders, higher RDW quartiles were significantly associated with 6-month mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 3.197; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.745-5.762; P < 0.001), 1-year mortality (adjusted HR, 2.978; 95% CI, 1.867-4.748; P < 0.001), and 3-year mortality (adjusted HR, 2.526; 95% CI, 1.701-3.750; P < 0.001). The RCS curves demonstrated that high RDW (> 14.6) was associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in the interactions between the subgroups. CONCLUSION The study revealed a highly pronounced relationship between RDW and overall mortality, indicating its potential as an autonomous prognostic factor for increased mortality among patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Libi Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Pei
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Feng
- General Surgery, Shiyan People’s Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Abidalkareem A, Ibrahim AK, Abd M, Rehman O, Zhuang H. Identification of Gene Expression in Different Stages of Breast Cancer with Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1864. [PMID: 38791943 PMCID: PMC11120052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the tumor origin in humans is vital in clinical applications of molecular diagnostics. Metastatic cancer is usually a very aggressive disease with limited diagnostic procedures, despite the fact that many protocols have been evaluated for their effectiveness in prognostication. Research has shown that dysregulation in miRNAs (a class of non-coding, regulatory RNAs) is remarkably involved in oncogenic conditions. This research paper aims to develop a machine learning model that processes an array of miRNAs in 1097 metastatic tissue samples from patients who suffered from various stages of breast cancer. The suggested machine learning model is fed with miRNA quantitative read count data taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas Data Repository. Two main feature-selection techniques have been used, mainly Neighborhood Component Analysis and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance, to identify the most discriminant and relevant miRNAs for their up-regulated and down-regulated states. These miRNAs are then validated as biological identifiers for each of the four cancer stages in breast tumors. Both machine learning algorithms yield performance scores that are significantly higher than the traditional fold-change approach, particularly in earlier stages of cancer, with Neighborhood Component Analysis and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance achieving accuracy scores of up to 0.983 and 0.931, respectively, compared to 0.920 for the FC method. This study underscores the potential of advanced feature-selection methods in enhancing the accuracy of cancer stage identification, paving the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abidalkareem
- EECS Department, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (A.A.); (O.R.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ali K. Ibrahim
- EECS Department, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (A.A.); (O.R.); (H.Z.)
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Moaed Abd
- Ocean and Mechanical Engineering Department, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Oneeb Rehman
- EECS Department, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (A.A.); (O.R.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hanqi Zhuang
- EECS Department, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (A.A.); (O.R.); (H.Z.)
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Muttiah B, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Intercellular Communication to Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:654. [PMID: 38794316 PMCID: PMC11125876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease, poses significant challenges in terms of understanding its intricate resistance mechanisms and devising effective therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate landscape of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of breast cancer, highlighting their diverse subtypes, biogenesis, and roles in intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment (TME). The discussion spans various aspects, from EVs and stromal cells in breast cancer to their influence on angiogenesis, immune response, and chemoresistance. The impact of EV production in different culture systems, including two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and organoid models, is explored. Furthermore, this review delves into the therapeutic potential of EVs in breast cancer, presenting emerging strategies such as engineered EVs for gene delivery, nanoplatforms for targeted chemotherapy, and disrupting tumour derived EVs as a treatment approach. Understanding these complex interactions of EV within the breast cancer milieu is crucial for identifying resistance mechanisms and developing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barathan Muttiah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
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Cronin M, Lowery A, Kerin M, Wijns W, Soliman O. Risk Prediction, Diagnosis and Management of a Breast Cancer Patient with Treatment-Related Cardiovascular Toxicity: An Essential Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1845. [PMID: 38791923 PMCID: PMC11120055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is amongst the most common invasive cancers in adults. There are established relationships between anti-cancer treatments for breast cancer and cardiovascular side effects. In recent years, novel anti-cancer treatments have been established, as well as the availability of multi-modal cardiac imaging and the sophistication of treatment for cardiac disease. This review provides an in-depth overview regarding the interface of breast cancer and cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity. Specifically, it reviews the pathophysiology of breast cancer, the method of action in therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity from anti-cancer treatment, the use of echocardiography, cardiac CT, MRI, or nuclear medicine as diagnostics, and the current evidence-based treatments available. It is intended to be an all-encompassing review for clinicians caring for patients in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cronin
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Lowery
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Kerin
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Osama Soliman
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
- Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- CURAM Centre for Medical Devices, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland
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Qin W, Li J, Gao N, Kong X, Guo L, Chen Y, Huang L, Chen X, Qi F. Multiomics-based molecular subtyping based on the commensal microbiome predicts molecular characteristics and the therapeutic response in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:99. [PMID: 38730464 PMCID: PMC11083817 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be correlated with the clinical phenotypes of diseases, including cancers. However, there are few studies on clinical subtyping based on the gut microbiota, especially in breast cancer (BC) patients. Here, using machine learning methods, we analysed the gut microbiota of BC, colorectal cancer (CRC), and gastric cancer (GC) patients to identify their shared metabolic pathways and the importance of these pathways in cancer development. Based on the gut microbiota-related metabolic pathways, human gene expression profile and patient prognosis, we established a novel BC subtyping system and identified a subtype called "challenging BC". Tumours with this subtype have more genetic mutations and a more complex immune environment than those of other subtypes. A score index was proposed for in-depth analysis and showed a significant negative correlation with patient prognosis. Notably, activation of the TPK1-FOXP3-mediated Hedgehog signalling pathway and TPK1-ITGAE-mediated mTOR signalling pathway was linked to poor prognosis in "challenging BC" patients with high scores, as validated in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Furthermore, our subtyping system and score index are effective predictors of the response to current neoadjuvant therapy regimens, with the score index significantly negatively correlated with both treatment efficacy and the number of immune cells. Therefore, our findings provide valuable insights into predicting molecular characteristics and treatment responses in "challenging BC" patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Xiuyan Kong
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Cancer Biomarker Discovery and Translation, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Liting Guo
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, No. 127, Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, PR China.
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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Hermawan A, Ikawati M, Putri DDP, Fatimah N, Prasetio HH. Nobiletin Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cell by Regulating the Cell Cycle: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Experiments. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:638-655. [PMID: 38721626 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2348217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Inhibiting breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) signaling pathways is a strategic method for successfully treating breast cancer. Nobiletin (NOB) is a compound widely found in orange peel that exhibits a toxic effect on various types of cancer cells, and inhibits the signaling pathways that regulate the properties of BCSCs; however, the effects of NOB on BCSCs remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the target genes of NOB for inhibiting BCSCs using in vitro three-dimensional breast cancer cell culture (mammospheres) and in silico approaches. We combined in vitro experiments to develop mammospheres and conducted cytotoxicity, next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses, such as gene ontology, the Reactome pathway enrichment, network topology, gene set enrichment analysis, hub genes selection, genetic alterations, prognostic value related to the mRNA expression, and mRNA and protein expression of potential NOB target genes that inhibit BCSCs. Here, we show that NOB inhibited BCSCs in mammospheres from MCF-7 cells. We also identified CDC6, CHEK1, BRCA1, UCHL5, TOP2A, MTMR4, and EXO1 as potential NOB targets inhibiting BCSCs. NOB decreased G0/G1, but increased the G2/M cell population. These findings showed that NOB is a potential therapeutic candidate for BCSCs treatment by regulating cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hermawan
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muthi Ikawati
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas Putri
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Fatimah
- Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Sciences. APSLC Building, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Himawan Prasetio
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada Sekip Utara II, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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48
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Forma A, Grunwald A, Zembala P, Januszewski J, Brachet A, Zembala R, Świątek K, Baj J. Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4968. [PMID: 38732186 PMCID: PMC11084730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of breast cancer and its possible influence on various therapeutic pathways. We researched meta-analyses, systemic and narrative reviews, retrospective studies, as well as original studies on human and animal models. The results of these studies indicate a possible correlation between the different levels of micronutrients and a decreased risk of breast cancer as well as a better survival rate. However, further studies are necessary to establish adequate doses of supplementation of the chosen micronutrients and the exact mechanisms of micronutrient impact on breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Grunwald
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Patryk Zembala
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jacek Januszewski
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (K.Ś.); (J.B.)
| | - Adam Brachet
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Roksana Zembala
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamila Świątek
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (K.Ś.); (J.B.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Chair of Fundamental Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (J.J.); (K.Ś.); (J.B.)
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49
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Zhang H, Li Y. Potential roles of PIWI-interacting RNAs in breast cancer, a new therapeutic strategy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155318. [PMID: 38688203 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has been the focus of numerous studies aimed at identifying novel biological markers for its early detection. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a subset of small non-coding RNAs, have emerged as potential markers due to their aberrant expression in various cancers. PiRNAs have recently gained attention due to their aberrant expression in various cancers, including BC. PiRNAs, exhibit diverse biological activities, such as epigenetic regulation of gene and protein expression and their association with cell proliferation and metastasis has been well-established. As the field of non-coding RNAs rapidly evolves, there is great anticipation that therapies targeting piRNAs will advance swiftly. This review will delve into the various biological functions of piRNAs, such as gene suppression, transposon silencing, and epigenetic regulation of genes. The review will also highlight the role of piRNAs as either progenitors or suppressors in cancers, with a particular focus on BC. Lastly, it will touch upon the potential of piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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50
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Laisné M, Rodgers B, Benlamara S, Wicinski J, Nicolas A, Djerroudi L, Gupta N, Ferry L, Kirsh O, Daher D, Philippe C, Okada Y, Charafe-Jauffret E, Cristofari G, Meseure D, Vincent-Salomon A, Ginestier C, Defossez PA. A novel bioinformatic approach reveals cooperation between Cancer/Testis genes in basal-like breast tumors. Oncogene 2024; 43:1369-1385. [PMID: 38467851 PMCID: PMC11065691 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in women worldwide. Within breast tumors, the basal-like subtype has the worst prognosis, prompting the need for new tools to understand, detect, and treat these tumors. Certain germline-restricted genes show aberrant expression in tumors and are known as Cancer/Testis genes; their misexpression has diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Here we designed a new bioinformatic approach to examine Cancer/Testis gene misexpression in breast tumors. We identify several new markers in Luminal and HER-2 positive tumors, some of which predict response to chemotherapy. We then use machine learning to identify the two Cancer/Testis genes most associated with basal-like breast tumors: HORMAD1 and CT83. We show that these genes are expressed by tumor cells and not by the microenvironment, and that they are not expressed by normal breast progenitors; in other words, their activation occurs de novo. We find these genes are epigenetically repressed by DNA methylation, and that their activation upon DNA demethylation is irreversible, providing a memory of past epigenetic disturbances. Simultaneous expression of both genes in breast cells in vitro has a synergistic effect that increases stemness and activates a transcriptional profile also observed in double-positive tumors. Therefore, we reveal a functional cooperation between Cancer/Testis genes in basal breast tumors; these findings have consequences for the understanding, diagnosis, and therapy of the breast tumors with the worst outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Laisné
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Brianna Rodgers
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Benlamara
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Julien Wicinski
- CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Platform of Experimental Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie-Hospital, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lounes Djerroudi
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Laure Ferry
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Kirsh
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Diana Daher
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Yuki Okada
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Meseure
- Platform of Experimental Pathology, Department of Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine, Institut Curie-Hospital, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Ginestier
- CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE Contre le Cancer, Marseille, France
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