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Mukkavilli V, Ramakrishnan G, Gujjula KR, S B, Chamarthy S, Mekala JR. Molecular Understanding and Pharmacological Potency of Plant-Derived Compounds in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): A Critical Analysis and Future Perspectives. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01370-1. [PMID: 38965179 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the main driver of fatality and the 3rd most often determined malignancy. Despite advances in detection and therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) endures as the largest driver of cancer-related morbidity, and mortality. Modern habits and dietary negligence might be one of the reasons that have enhanced cancer prevalence. Thus, changes in Dietary habits will have a better impact, and help in finding a better cure for CRC. Initially, CRC was explored as a genetic event and currently, the research is focused on the epigenetic modifications of chromatin and microRNA (miRNA) in CRC cells. Natural products such as Curcumin, Resveratrol, Flavonoids, and Ellagitannins are been explored as compounds from the perspective of genetic, epigenetic, and miRNA modifications which will have future therapeutic aspects. Also, the extracts of these key players and their analogs will intervene the signaling pathway activation that involves in cancer propagation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and epigenetic and miRNA modifications. Modulations of these miRNAs, and modification globally might have impact on CRC progression, and cancer tumor cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaagdevi Mukkavilli
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Green Fields, 522502, Vaddeswram, AP, India
| | - Gnanasekaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Green Fields, 522502, Vaddeswram, AP, India.
| | - Koteswara Reddy Gujjula
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Green Fields, 522502, Vaddeswram, AP, India
| | - Balachandran S
- Dept of Chemical Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Saveetha Nagar Thandalam, 602105, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Green Fields, 522502, Vaddeswram, AP, India
| | - Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University), Green Fields, 522502, Vaddeswram, AP, India.
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Smorodin E, Chuzmarov V, Veidebaum T. The Potential of Integrative Cancer Treatment Using Melatonin and the Challenge of Heterogeneity in Population-Based Studies: A Case Report of Colon Cancer and a Literature Review. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1994-2023. [PMID: 38668052 PMCID: PMC11049198 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone regulator that maintains homeostasis through circadian rhythms, and desynchronization of these rhythms can lead to gastrointestinal disorders and increase the risk of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies have shown that exogenous melatonin alleviates the harmful effects of anticancer therapy and improves quality of life, but the results are still inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of the studies. A personalized approach to testing clinical parameters and response to integrative treatment with nontoxic and bioavailable melatonin in patient-centered N-of-1 studies deserves greater attention. This clinical case of colon cancer analyzes and discusses the tumor pathology, the adverse effects of chemotherapy, and the dynamics of markers of inflammation (NLR, LMR, and PLR ratios), tumors (CEA, CA 19-9, and PSA), and hemostasis (D-dimer and activated partial thromboplastin time). The patient took melatonin during and after chemotherapy, nutrients (zinc, selenium, vitamin D, green tea, and taxifolin), and aspirin after chemotherapy. The patient's PSA levels decreased during CT combined with melatonin (19 mg/day), and melatonin normalized inflammatory markers and alleviated symptoms of polyneuropathy but did not help with thrombocytopenia. The results are analyzed and discussed in the context of the literature on oncostatic and systemic effects, alleviating therapy-mediated adverse effects, association with survival, and N-of-1 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniy Smorodin
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Paldiski mnt 80, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Valentin Chuzmarov
- 2nd Surgery Department, General Surgery and Oncology Surgery Centre, North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste Str. 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Paldiski mnt 80, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
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de Oliveira Silva N, de Lima LVA, de Oliveira LM, da Silva MF, de Aguiar AP, Semprebon SC, Favaron PO, Lepri SR, Felicidade I, Mantovani MS. Cellular and molecular antiproliferative effects in 2D monolayer and 3D-cultivated HT-29 cells treated with zerumbone. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1561-1573. [PMID: 37672080 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Zerumbone (ZER) is a phytochemical isolated from plants of the Zingiberaceae family. Numerous studies have demonstrated its diverse pharmacological properties, particularly its potent antitumorigenic activity. This study aimed to assess the antiproliferative effects of ZER on HT-29 cells cultivated in both two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture systems. The evaluation of growth (size), cell death, and cell cycle arrest in 3D spheroid HT-29 cells was correlated with mRNA expression data. Treatment of 2D cells revealed that ZER exhibited cytotoxicity at concentrations above 30 µM, and an IC50 of 83.54 µM (24-h post-ZER treatment) effectively suppressed cell migration. In the 3D model, ZER induced an increase in spheroid volume over a 72-h period attributed to disaggregation and reconfiguration of characteristic zones. Analysis of cell death demonstrated a significant rise in apoptotic cells after 24 h of ZER treatment, along with cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Furthermore, ZER treatment resulted in alterations in mRNA expression, affecting key signaling pathways involved in cell death (BCL2 and BBC3), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERN1), DNA damage (GADD45A), cell cycle regulation (CDKN1A, NFKB1, MYC, and TP53), and autophagy (BECN1 and SQSTM1). These findings suggested that ZER holds promise as a potential candidate for the development of novel anticancer agents that can modulate crucial cell signaling pathways. Additionally, the use of the 3D culture system proved to be a valuable tool in our investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayane de Oliveira Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luan Vitor Alves de Lima
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Liana Martins de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amanda Passuello de Aguiar
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristine Semprebon
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Lepri
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Felicidade
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Mantovani
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Kurzava Kendall L, Ma Y, Yang T, Lubecka K, Stefanska B. Epigenetic Effects of Resveratrol on Oncogenic Signaling in Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2024; 16:699. [PMID: 38474826 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between oncogenic signaling pathways plays a crucial role in driving cancer development. We previously demonstrated that dietary polyphenols, specifically resveratrol (RSV) and other stilbenoids, epigenetically target oncogenes for silencing via DNA hypermethylation in breast cancer. In the present study, we identify signal transduction regulators among RSV-hypermethylated targets and investigate the functional role of RSV-mediated DNA hypermethylation in the regulation of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling. Non-invasive ER-positive MCF-7 and highly invasive triple-negative MCF10CA1a human breast cancer cell lines were used as experimental models. Upon 9-day exposure to 15 µM RSV, pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR were performed to assess DNA methylation and expression of GLI2 and WNT4, which are upstream regulators of the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways, respectively. Our results showed that RSV led to a DNA methylation increase within GLI2 and WNT4 enhancers, which was accompanied by decreases in gene expression. Consistently, we observed the downregulation of genes downstream of the Hedgehog and Wnt signaling, including common targets shared by both pathways, CCND1 and CYR61. Further analysis using chromatin immunoprecipitation identified increased H3K27 trimethylation and decreased H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation, along with abolishing OCT1 transcription factor binding. Those changes indicate a transcriptionally silent chromatin state at GLI2 and WNT4 enhancers. The inhibition of the Wnt signal transduction was confirmed using a phospho-antibody array that demonstrated suppression of positive and stimulation of negative Wnt regulators. In conclusion, our results provide scientific evidence for dietary polyphenols as epigenetics-modulating agents that act to re-methylate and silence oncogenes, reducing the oncogenic signal transduction. Targeting such an action could be an effective strategy in breast cancer prevention and/or adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuexi Ma
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tony Yang
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Lubecka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Stefanska
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Jung EJ, Kim HJ, Shin SC, Kim GS, Jung JM, Hong SC, Kim CW, Lee WS. Artemisia annua L. Polyphenols Enhance the Anticancer Effect of β-Lapachone in Oxaliplatin-Resistant HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17505. [PMID: 38139333 PMCID: PMC10743427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the anticancer activity of β-lapachone (β-Lap) could be improved by different types of bioactive phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to elucidate how the anticancer effect of β-Lap is regulated by polyphenols extracted from Korean Artemisia annua L. (pKAL) in parental HCT116 and oxaliplatin-resistant (OxPt-R) HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Here, we show that the anticancer effect of β-Lap is more enhanced by pKAL in HCT116-OxPt-R cells than in HCT116 cells via a CCK-8 assay, Western blot, and phase-contrast microscopy analysis of hematoxylin-stained cells. This phenomenon was associated with the suppression of OxPt-R-related upregulated proteins including p53 and β-catenin, the downregulation of cell survival proteins including TERT, CD44, and EGFR, and the upregulation of cleaved HSP90, γ-H2AX, and LC3B-I/II. A bioinformatics analysis of 21 proteins regulated by combined treatment of pKAL and β-Lap in HCT116-OxPt-R cells showed that the enhanced anticancer effect of β-Lap by pKAL was related to the inhibition of negative regulation of apoptotic process and the induction of DNA damage through TERT, CD44, and EGFR-mediated multiple signaling networks. Our results suggest that the combination of pKAL and β-Lap could be used as a new therapy with low toxicity to overcome the OxPt-R that occurred in various OxPt-containing cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
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Delgado-Gonzalez P, Garza-Treviño EN, de la Garza Kalife DA, Quiroz Reyes A, Hernández-Tobías EA. Bioactive Compounds of Dietary Origin and Their Influence on Colorectal Cancer as Chemoprevention. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1977. [PMID: 37895359 PMCID: PMC10608661 DOI: 10.3390/life13101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death and the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide. The tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells participate in colorectal tumor progression and can dictate malignancy. Nutrition status affects treatment response and the progression or recurrence of the tumor. This review summarizes the main bioactive compounds against the molecular pathways related to colorectal carcinogenesis. Moreover, we focus on the compounds with chemopreventive properties, mainly polyphenols and carotenoids, which are highly studied dietary bioactive compounds present in major types of food, like vegetables, fruits, and seeds. Their proprieties are antioxidant and gut microbiota modulation, important in the intestine because they decrease reactive oxygen species and inflammation, both principal causes of cancer. These compounds can promote apoptosis and inhibit cell growth, proliferation, and migration. Combined with oncologic treatment, a sensitization to first-line colorectal chemotherapy schemes, such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, is observed, making them an attractive and natural support in the oncologic treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - David A. de la Garza Kalife
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - Adriana Quiroz Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
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7
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Jia W, Zhou L, Li L, Zhou P, Shen Z. Nano-Based Drug Delivery of Polyphenolic Compounds for Cancer Treatment: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010101. [PMID: 36678599 PMCID: PMC9865384 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols and their derivates, a kind of natural product distributed in herb plants, vegetables, and fruits, are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet and have been found to display cancer-preventative effects in several epidemiological studies. The scientific community has also validated the anti-cancer bioactivities and low toxicities of polyphenolic compounds, including flavones, tannins, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the low stability, weak targeting ability, poor solubility, and low bioavailability of pure polyphenolic agents have significantly impaired their treatment efficacy. Nowadays, nano-based technology has been applied to surmount these restrictions and maximize the treatment efficacy of polyphenols. In this review, we summarize the advantages and related mechanisms of polyphenols in cancer treatment. Moreover, aiming at the poor solubility and low bioavailability of pure polyphenols in vivo, the advantages of nano-based delivery systems and recent research developments are highlighted. Herein, particular emphasis is mainly placed on the most widely used nanomaterials in the delivery of natural products, including liposomes, micelles, and nanogels. Finally, we present an overview and the challenges of future implementations of nano-based delivery systems of polyphenolic compounds in the cancer therapeutic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.S.)
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Highlights on the Role of Galectin-3 in Colorectal Cancer and the Preventive/Therapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010052. [PMID: 36612048 PMCID: PMC9817985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in surgical and therapeutic management, tumor metastases and resistance to therapy still represent major hurdles. CRC risk is highly modifiable by lifestyle factors, including diet, which strongly influences both cancer incidence and related mortality. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifaceted protein involved in multiple pathophysiological pathways underlying chronic inflammation and cancer. Its versatility is given by the ability to participate in a wide range of tumor-promoting processes, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, cell growth regulation and apoptosis, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review provides an updated summary of preclinical and observational human studies investigating the pathogenetic role of Gal-3 in intestinal inflammation and CRC, as well as the potential of Gal-3 activity inhibition by plant-source food-derived bioactive compounds to control CRC onset/growth. These studies highlight both direct and immuno-mediated effects of Gal-3 on tumor growth and invasiveness and its potential role as a CRC prognostic biomarker. Substantial evidence indicates natural food-derived Gal-3 inhibitors as promising candidates for CRC prevention and therapy. However, critical issues, such as their bioavailability and efficacy, in controlled human studies need to be addressed to translate research progress into clinical applications.
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The Chemo-Sensitizing Effect of Doxorubicin of Apple Extract-Enriched Triterpenic Complex on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma and Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122593. [PMID: 36559087 PMCID: PMC9781225 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells' resistance to anticancer drugs represents a major clinical problem and the most important failure of treatment. Combination chemotherapy is more effective than monotherapy due to additive or synergistic effects. The aim of our research was to assess the effects of the combinations of apple extract's triterpenic compounds, individual triterpenic acids, and doxorubicin (DOX) on human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and human glioblastoma (U-87) cell lines in 2D and 3D cultures. The effect of the combination of apple extracts, the triterpenic standards, and DOX against HT-29 and U-87 cell viability was tested by the MTT and spheroid growth assays. Cell line HT-29 was more sensitive to DOX when incubated with all tested apple extracts than DOX alone. Cell line HT-29 was the most strongly sensitive to DOX when it was treated with 5 µM oleanolic acid (change of EC50 = -64.6% ± 4.4%) and with 5 µM ursolic acid (change of EC50 = -61.9% ± 8.8%) in 2D culture. Meanwhile, cell line U-87 was the most strongly sensitive to DOX when treated with 2 µM betulinic acid (change of EC50 = -45.1% ± 4.5%) in 2D culture. The combination of apple extract (E3) and DOX reduced the viability of HT-29 spheroids the most (spheroid viability reduced from -19.9% to -10.9%, compared to spheroids treated with DOX alone). Our study in 2D and 3D cultures showed that combining apple extract's triterpenic complexes or individual triterpenic acids with DOX may sensitize chemotherapeutic drugs and increase the cytotoxicity effects in HT-29 and U-87 cell lines.
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Pinus mugo Essential Oil Impairs STAT3 Activation through Oxidative Stress and Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154834. [PMID: 35956786 PMCID: PMC9369512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and their components have been reported to possess anticancer properties and to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. The aim of this work was to select EOs able to downregulate STAT3 signaling using Western blot and RT-PCR analyses. The molecular mechanism of anti-STAT3 activity was evaluated through spectrophotometric and fluorometric analyses, and the biological effect of STAT3 inhibition was analyzed by flow cytometry and wound healing assay. Herein, Pinus mugo EO (PMEO) is identified as an inhibitor of constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in human prostate cancer cells, DU145. The down-modulation of the STAT3 signaling cascade decreased the expression of anti-proliferative as well as anti-apoptotic genes and proteins, leading to the inhibition of cell migration and apoptotic cell death. PMEO treatment induced a rapid drop in glutathione (GSH) levels and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration, resulting in mild oxidative stress. Pretreatment of cells with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a cell-permeable ROS scavenger, reverted the inhibitory action of PMEO on STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, combination therapy revealed that PMEO treatment displayed synergism with cisplatin in inducing the cytotoxic effect. Overall, our data highlight the importance of STAT3 signaling in PMEO cytotoxic activity, as well as the possibility of developing adjuvant therapy or sensitizing cancer cells to conventional chemotherapy.
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Pentagalloyl Glucose and Cisplatin Combination Treatment Exhibits a Synergistic Anticancer Effect in 2D and 3D Models of Head and Neck Carcinoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070830. [PMID: 35890129 PMCID: PMC9317773 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapy drug for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), its therapeutic efficacy is limited owing to serious side effects and acquired drug resistance. This study determined whether combining pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) and cisplatin enhanced their anti-tumor activities on HNSCC cell lines. We investigated the anticancer effect of PGG combined with cisplatin in 2D and 3D multicellular spheroid cell culture. The results revealed that PGG combined with cisplatin inhibited cell viability and produced synergistic effects. PGG potentiates the anticancer effect of cisplatin by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell migration. The western blot and molecular docking analysis revealed that the synergistic effect of the combination treatment may be related to the PGG-mediated reduced expression of phosphorylated STAT3 and phosphorylated Akt. Furthermore, we found that the combined treatment of PGG and cisplatin’s effect on 3D multicellular spheroid size was more potent than the monotherapies. Our findings indicated that the combination therapy of PGG and cisplatin synergistically inhibited HNSCC cancer cell viability and induced apoptosis in 2D and 3D models. The present results suggested that PGG may be a promising adjunct drug used with cisplatin for a practical therapeutic approach to head and neck cancer.
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Zhang D, Yu Z, Zhao W, Liu J. Assessment of the anti-tumor activity of cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside from apple against APN, JAK, and EZH2 target proteins. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bai X, Liu X, Li S, An H, Kang X, Guo S. Nuciferine Inhibits TMEM16A in Dietary Adjuvant Therapy for Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3687-3696. [PMID: 35298888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Food therapy is a common adjuvant treatment for lung cancer due to its safety and painlessness. Developing new functional food and exploring novel drug targets is important for lung cancer adjuvant therapy. This study confirmed that the active ingredient nuciferine of the lotus leaf was a novel TMEM16A inhibitor by whole-cell patch clamp experiments and site-directed mutagenesis experiments. CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and Annexin-V assay were combined to prove that nuciferine inhibited the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells and promoted cancer cell apoptosis by targeting TMEM16A. Moreover, the combination of nuciferine and cisplatin significantly enhanced the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin. In addition, the signal transduction pathway of nuciferine regulating LA795 cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis was confirmed by western blot experiments. In vivo experiments showed that nuciferine was a safe and effective natural anti-cancer product for lung cancer. Tissue section pathological detection and pharmacokinetic experiments verified that intragastric administration of nuciferine significantly enhanced the cancer therapy effect of cisplatin and counteracted the toxicity of high concentrations of cisplatin. Therefore, nuciferine is an ideal functional food for adjuvant lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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