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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Antignac JP, Figiel S, Pinault M, Blanchet P, Bruyère F, Mathieu R, Lebdai S, Fournier G, Rigaud J, Mahéo K, Marchand P, Guiffard I, Bichon E, le Bizec B, Multigner L, Fromont G. Persistent organochlorine pesticides in periprostatic adipose tissue from men with prostate cancer: Ethno-geographic variations, association with disease aggressiveness. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114809. [PMID: 36403647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have examined the relationship between organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk, no data are available concerning the association between OCPs concentrations in periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which reflects cumulative exposure, and PCa aggressiveness. Moreover, no previous study has compared OCPs exposure in two distinct ethno-geographical populations. The objectives were to analyze OCPs in PPAT of PCa patients from either Mainland France or French West Indies in correlation with features of tumor aggressiveness, after adjusting for potential confounders such age, BMI, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of PPAT. PPAT was analyzed in 160 patients (110 Caucasians and 50 African-Caribbeans), 80 with an indolent tumor (ISUP group 1 + pT2), and 80 with an aggressive tumor (ISUP group more than 3 + pT3). The concentrations of 29 OCPs were measured in PPAT concomitantly with the characterization of PUFA content. Exposure patterns of OCPs differed according to the ethno-geographical origin. Most OCPs were found at higher concentration in Caucasian patients, whereas pp'-DDE content was twice as high in African-Caribbeans. Chlordecone was only detected in PPAT from African-Caribbean patients. Most OCP concentrations were positively correlated with age, and some with BMI. After adjusting for age, BMI, and PUFA composition of PPAT, no significant association was found between OCPs content and risk of aggressive disease, except of mirex which appeared inversely associated with aggressive features of PCa in Caucasian patients. These results highlight a significant ethno-geographic variation in internal exposure to OCPs, which likely reflects differences in consumption patterns. The inverse relationship observed between mirex concentration and markers of PCa aggressiveness need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Figiel
- Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Faculté de Médecine, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Michèle Pinault
- Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Faculté de Médecine, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU Pointe à Pitre, Department of Urology, France; Inserm UMR1085 - IRSET Rennes, France
| | - Franck Bruyère
- CHRU Bretonneau, Departments of Pathology and Urology, Tours, France
| | - Romain Mathieu
- Inserm UMR1085 - IRSET Rennes, France; CHU Rennes, Departments of Pathology and Urology, France
| | | | | | - Jerome Rigaud
- CHU Nantes, Departments of Pathology and Urology, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Faculté de Médecine, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université François Rabelais, Faculté de Médecine, 10 bd Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France; CHRU Bretonneau, Departments of Pathology and Urology, Tours, France.
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Kumar V, Yadav CS, Banerjee BD. Xeno-Estrogenic Pesticides and the Risk of Related Human Cancers. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:344-355. [PMID: 36412768 PMCID: PMC9680220 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, "environmental xenobiotic-mediated endocrine disruption", especially by xeno-estrogens, has gained a lot of interest from toxicologists and environmental researchers. These estrogen-mimicking chemicals are known to cause various human disorders. Pesticides are the most heavily used harmful xenobiotic chemicals around the world. The estrogen-mimicking potential of the most widely used organochlorine pesticides is well established. However, their effect is not as clearly understood among the plethora of effects these persistent xenobiotics are known to pose on our physiological system. Estrogens are one of the principal risk modifiers of various disorders, including cancer, not only in women but in men as well. Despite the ban on these xenobiotics in some parts of the world, humans are still at apparent risk of exposure to these harmful chemicals as they are still widely persistent and likely to stay in our environment for a long time owing to their high chemical stability. The present work intends to understand how these harmful chemicals may affect the risk of the development of estrogen-mediated human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Yadav
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382010, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence:
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