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Perera CJ, Hosen SZ, Khan T, Fang H, Mekapogu AR, Xu Z, Falasca M, Chari ST, Wilson JS, Pirola R, Greening DW, Apte MV. Proteomic profiling of small extracellular vesicles derived from mouse pancreatic cancer and stellate cells: Role in pancreatic cancer. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300067. [PMID: 38570832 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived vesicles evolving as important elements involved in all stages of cancers. sEVs bear unique protein signatures that may serve as biomarkers. Pancreatic cancer (PC) records a very poor survival rate owing to its late diagnosis and several cancer cell-derived proteins have been reported as candidate biomarkers. However, given the pivotal role played by stellate cells (PSCs, which produce the collagenous stroma in PC), it is essential to also assess PSC-sEV cargo in biomarker discovery. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and characterise sEVs from mouse PC cells and PSCs cultured alone or as co-cultures and performed proteomic profiling and pathway analysis. Proteomics confirmed the enrichment of specific markers in the sEVs compared to their cells of origin as well as the proteins that are known to express in each of the culture types. Most importantly, for the first time it was revealed that PSC-sEVs are enriched in proteins (including G6PI, PGAM1, ENO1, ENO3, and LDHA) that mediate pathways related to development of diabetes, such as glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis revealing a potential role of PSCs in pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD). PCRD is now considered a harbinger of PC and further research will enable to identify the role of these components in PCRD and may develop as novel candidate biomarkers of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Sm Zahid Hosen
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanzila Khan
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alpha Raj Mekapogu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Medical School Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Suresh T Chari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, M. D Anderson Cancer Centre, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Ron Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Zhang W, Song M, Fang Z, Chen F, Yuan H, Gao X, Liu K. Role of extracellular vesicles in insulin resistance: Signaling pathways, bioactive substances, miRNAs, and therapeutic potential. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4013. [PMID: 38639198 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small lipid bilayer particles that resemble the structure of cells and range in size from 30 to 1000 nm. They transport a variety of physiologically active molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and miRNAs. Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological disease in which insulin-responsive organs or components become less sensitive to insulin's physiological effects, resulting in decreased glucose metabolism in target organs such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Extracellular vesicles have received a lot of attention as essential intercellular communication mediators in the setting of IR. This review looks at extracellular vesicles' role in IR from three angles: signaling pathways, bioactive compounds, and miRNAs. Relevant publications are gathered to investigate the induction, inhibition, and bidirectional regulation of extracellular vesicles in IR, as well as their role in insulin-related illnesses. Furthermore, considering the critical function of extracellular vesicles in regulating IR, the study analyzes the practicality of employing extracellular vesicles for medication delivery and the promise of combination therapy for IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, China
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Apte M. A journey to and with the stars: The pancreatic stellate cell story. Pancreatology 2023; 23:893-899. [PMID: 37973449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The George E Palade Prize is the highest honour awarded by the International Association of Pancreatology, that recognises an individual who has made outstanding contributions to the understanding of the pancreas and pancreatic diseases. The 2023 Palade Prize was awarded to Professor Minoti Apte, University of New South Wales Sydney on September 16, 2023 during the Joint Meeting of the International Association of Pancreatology and the Indian Pancreas Club, held in Delhi, India. This paper summarises her Palade lecture wherein she reflects on her journey as a medical graduate, an academic and a researcher, with a particular focus on her team's pioneering work on pancreatic stellate cell biology and the role of these cells in health and disease. While there has been much progress in this field with the efforts of researchers worldwide, there is much still to be learned; thus it is a topic with ample scope for innovative research with the potential to translate into better outcomes for patients with pancreatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia.
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Park MN. Therapeutic Strategies for Pancreatic-Cancer-Related Type 2 Diabetes Centered around Natural Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15906. [PMID: 37958889 PMCID: PMC10648679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly malignant neoplasm, is classified as one of the most severe and devastating types of cancer. PDAC is a notable malignancy that exhibits a discouraging prognosis and a rising occurrence. The interplay between diabetes and pancreatic cancer exhibits a reciprocal causation. The identified metabolic disorder has been observed to possess noteworthy consequences on health outcomes, resulting in elevated rates of morbidity. The principal mechanisms involve the suppression of the immune system, the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), and the onset of systemic metabolic disease caused by dysfunction of the islets. From this point forward, it is important to recognize that pancreatic-cancer-related diabetes (PCRD) has the ability to increase the likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer. This highlights the complex relationship that exists between these two physiological states. Therefore, we investigated into the complex domain of PSCs, elucidating their intricate signaling pathways and the profound influence of chemokines on their behavior and final outcome. In order to surmount the obstacle of drug resistance and eliminate PDAC, researchers have undertaken extensive efforts to explore and cultivate novel natural compounds of the next generation. Additional investigation is necessary in order to comprehensively comprehend the effect of PCRD-mediated apoptosis on the progression and onset of PDAC through the utilization of natural compounds. This study aims to examine the potential anticancer properties of natural compounds in individuals with diabetes who are undergoing chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. It is anticipated that these compounds will exhibit increased potency and possess enhanced pharmacological benefits. According to our research findings, it is indicated that naturally derived chemical compounds hold potential in the development of PDAC therapies that are both safe and efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
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Kim YG, Park J, Park EY, Kim SM, Lee SY. Analysis of MicroRNA Signature Differentially Expressed in Pancreatic Islet Cells Treated with Pancreatic Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14301. [PMID: 37762604 PMCID: PMC10532014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the majority of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) develop insulin resistance and/or diabetes mellitus (DM) prior to PC diagnosis, PC-induced diabetes mellitus (PC-DM) has been a focus for a potential platform for PC detection. In previous studies, the PC-derived exosomes were shown to contain the mediators of PC-DM. In the present study, the response of normal pancreatic islet cells to the PC-derived exosomes was investigated to determine the potential biomarkers for PC-DM, and consequently, for PC. Specifically, changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression were evaluated. The miRNA specimens were prepared from the untreated islet cells as well as the islet cells treated with the PC-derived exosomes (from 50 patients) and the healthy-derived exosomes (from 50 individuals). The specimens were subjected to next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to determine the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) only in the specimens treated with the PC-derived exosomes. Consequently, 24 candidate miRNA markers, including IRS1-modulating miRNAs such as hsa-miR-144-5p, hsa-miR-3148, and hsa-miR-3133, were proposed. The proposed miRNAs showed relevance to DM and/or insulin resistance in a literature review and pathway analysis, indicating a potential association with PC-DM. Due to the novel approach used in this study, additional evidence from future studies could corroborate the value of the miRNA markers discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-gon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.-g.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Jisook Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Eun Young Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Sang-Mi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.-g.K.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (Y.-g.K.); (S.-M.K.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Binang HB, Perera CJ, Apte MV. Role of Pancreatic Tumour-Derived Exosomes and Their Cargo in Pancreatic Cancer-Related Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10203. [PMID: 37373351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common and deadly types of pancreatic cancer (PC) is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with most patients succumbing to the disease within one year of diagnosis. Current detection strategies do not address asymptomatic PC; therefore, patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when curative treatment is often no longer possible. In order to detect PC in asymptomatic patients earlier, the risk factors that could serve as reliable markers need to be examined. Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for this malignancy and can be both a cause and consequence of PC. Typically, DM caused by PC is known as new-onset, pancreatogenic, pancreoprivic, or pancreatic cancer-related diabetes (PCRD). Although PCRD is quite distinct from type 2 DM (T2DM), there are currently no biomarkers that differentiate PCRD from T2DM. To identify such biomarkers, a better understanding of the mechanisms mediating PCRD is essential. To this end, there has been a growing research interest in recent years to elucidate the role of tumour-derived exosomes and their cargo in the pathogenesis of PCRD. Exosomes derived from tumours can be recognized for their specificity because they reflect the characteristics of their parent cells and are important in intercellular communication. Their cargo consists of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can be transferred to and alter the behaviour of recipient cells. This review provides a concise overview of current knowledge regarding tumour-derived exosomes and their cargo in PCRD and discusses the potential areas worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Binang
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia
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Balaban DV, Coman L, Balaban M, Zoican A, Pușcașu DA, Ayatollahi S, Mihălțeanu E, Costache RS, Ioniță-Radu F, Jinga M. Glycemic Abnormalities in Pancreatic Cystic Lesions—A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2023; 14:191-203. [DOI: doi.org/10.3390/gastroent14020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Glucose metabolism alterations are very common in solid pancreatic lesions, particularly in pancreatic cancer. Similarly, diabetes and especially new-onset diabetes (NOD) have been associated with the malignant transformation of pancreatic cysts. We aimed to assess the prevalence and relevant associations of glycemic abnormalities in pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) in a retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively recruited all patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound for a PCL over a period of 36 months (January 2018 to December 2021). Final diagnosis was set by means of tissue acquisition, surgery, follow-up, or board decision. Demographic and clinical data, laboratory workup, and imaging features were extracted from the patients’ charts according to a predefined protocol. We considered fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c values and stratified the patients as nondiabetic (FBG ≤ 99 mg/dL, HbA1c ≤ 5.6%, no history of glycemic abnormalities), prediabetic (FBG 100–125 mg/dL, HbA1c 5.7–6.4%), or diabetic (long-lasting diabetes or NOD). Results: Altogether, 81 patients were included, with a median age of 66 years, and 54.3% of them were male. The overall prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia was 54.3%, comprising 34.6% prediabetes and 22.2% diabetes, of which 16.7% had NOD. The mean FBG and HbA1c levels were higher in malignant and premalignant PCLs (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), cystadenocarcinoma, and cystic neuroendocrine tumor) compared to the benign lesions (pseudocysts, walled-off necrosis, and serous cystadenoma): 117.0 mg/dL vs. 108.3 mg/dL and 6.1% vs. 5.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia and diabetes are common in PCLs, with a high prevalence in premalignant and malignant cysts. Screening and follow-up for glycemic abnormalities should be routinely conducted for PCLs, as they can contribute to a tailored risk assessment of cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vasile Balaban
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Coman
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marina Balaban
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Zoican
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Danusia Adriana Pușcașu
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simin Ayatollahi
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuela Mihălțeanu
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florentina Ioniță-Radu
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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Rai B, Pande A, Tiwari S. TRAIL and EGFR Pathways Targeting microRNAs are Predominantly Regulated in Human Diabetic Nephropathy. Microrna 2023; 12:143-155. [PMID: 37098997 DOI: 10.2174/2211536612666230407093841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbiased microRNA profiling of renal tissue and urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) from diabetic nephropathy (DN) subjects may unravel novel targets with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Here we used the miRNA profile of uEVs and renal biopsies from DN subjects available on the GEO database. METHODS The miR expression profiles of kidney tissue (GSE51674) and urinary exosomes (GSE48318) from DN and control subjects were obtained by GEO2R tools from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differentially expressed miRNAs in DN samples, relative to controls, were identified using a bioinformatic pipeline. Targets of miRs commonly regulated in both sample types were predicted by miRWalk, followed by functional gene enrichment analysis. Gene targets were identified by MiRTarBase, TargetScan and MiRDB. RESULTS Eight miRs, including let-7c, miR-10a, miR-10b and miR-181c, were significantly regulated in kidney tissue and uEVs in DN subjects versus controls. The top 10 significant pathways targeted by these miRs included TRAIL, EGFR, Proteoglycan syndecan, VEGF and Integrin Pathway. Gene target analysis by miRwalk upon validation using ShinyGO 70 targets with significant miRNA-mRNA interaction. CONCLUSION In silico analysis showed that miRs targeting TRAIL and EGFR signaling are predominately regulated in uEVs and renal tissue of DN subjects. After wet-lab validation, the identified miRstarget pairs may be explored for their diagnostic and/or therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvnesh Rai
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Akshara Pande
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Badowska-Kozakiewicz A, Fudalej M, Kwaśniewska D, Durlik M, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Mormul A, Włoszek E, Czerw A, Banaś T, Deptała A. Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-Prevalence, Clinicopathological Variables, and Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122840. [PMID: 35740504 PMCID: PMC9221523 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), analyse the association between the occurrence of DM and clinicopathological factors, and detect variables influencing overall survival. Diabetes mellitus is prevalent among patients with pancreatic cancer. In our study, patients with diabetes mellitus receiving palliative chemotherapy had significantly higher median OS than those without. Among variables influencing survival, TNM stage, nodal involvement, tumour site, levels of CEA and CRP were confirmed. Abstract Background: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths with increasing incidence and link to the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of DM among patients with the diagnosis of PDAC, analyse the association between the occurrence of DM and clinicopathological factors, and detect variables influencing overall survival. Methods: a retrospective analysis of medical records was performed. The patients were divided into non-DM (n = 101) and DM (n = 74) groups. Statistical analysis with the usage of appropriate tests was conducted. Results: Patients in the groups of DM and NODM had significantly longer median OS than the non-DM group. Nodal involvement, tumour location, level of CEA, CRP and CRP/lymphocytes ratio were significantly associated with OS among patients with any type of DM. Neutropenia was less frequently observed in the DM group. Conclusions: DM is prevalent among patients with pancreatic cancer. In our study, patients with DM receiving palliative chemotherapy had significantly higher median OS than those without DM. The increased comprehension of the mechanisms of the relationship between DM and pancreatic cancer needs further research, which might provide avenues for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.F.)
| | - Marta Fudalej
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Daria Kwaśniewska
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Durlik
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantation, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer
- Department of Pathology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agata Mormul
- Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.W.)
| | - Emilia Włoszek
- Students’ Scientific Organization of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (E.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Czerw
- Department of Health Economics and Medical Law, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Economic and System Analyses, National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banaś
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute–Oncology Centre, 31-115 Cracow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Deptała
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.F.)
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-5720702
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10
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Channon LM, Tyma VM, Xu Z, Greening DW, Wilson JS, Perera CJ, Apte MV. Small extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and their cargo in pancreatic cancer: Key roles in the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188728. [PMID: 35385773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a devastating disease, offering poor mortality rates for patients. The current challenge being faced is the inability to diagnose patients in a timely manner, where potentially curative resection provides the best chance of survival. Recently, small/nanosized extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including exosomes, have gained significant preclinical and clinical attention due to their emerging roles in cancer progression and diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype of recipient cells. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs, their subtypes and their oncogenic cargo (as characterised by targeted studies as well as agnostic '-omics' analyses) in the pathobiology of pancreatic cancer. The discussion covers the progress of 'omics technology' that has enabled elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the role of EVs and their cargo in pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Channon
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Victoria M Tyma
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia, Victoria 3800, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Chamini J Perera
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical Campus, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney 2170, Australia.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Kumar AP, Aref AR, Zarrabi A, Mostafavi E. Exosomes as Promising Nanostructures in Diabetes Mellitus: From Insulin Sensitivity to Ameliorating Diabetic Complications. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1229-1253. [PMID: 35340823 PMCID: PMC8943613 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s350250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the chronic metabolic disorders that its incidence rate has shown an increase in developed and wealthy countries due to lifestyle and obesity. The treatment of DM has always been of interest, and significant effort has been made in this field. Exosomes belong to extracellular vesicles with nanosized features (30-150 nm) that are involved in cell-to-cell communication and preserving homeostasis. The function of exosomes is different based on their cargo, and they may contain lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The present review focuses on the application of exosomes in the treatment of DM; both glucose and lipid levels are significantly affected by exosomes, and these nanostructures enhance lipid metabolism and decrease its deposition. Furthermore, exosomes promote glucose metabolism and affect the level of glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters in DM. Type I DM results from the destruction of β cells in the pancreas, and exosomes can be employed to ameliorate apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in these cells. The exosomes have dual functions in mediating insulin resistance/sensitivity, and M1 macrophage-derived exosomes inhibit insulin secretion. The exosomes may contain miRNAs, and by transferring among cells, they can regulate various molecular pathways such as AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and β-catenin to affect DM progression. Noteworthy, exosomes are present in different body fluids such as blood circulation, and they can be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic patients. Future studies should focus on engineering exosomes derived from sources such as mesenchymal stem cells to treat DM as a novel strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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