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Zhou Q, Xiang J, Qiu N, Wang Y, Piao Y, Shao S, Tang J, Zhou Z, Shen Y. Tumor Abnormality-Oriented Nanomedicine Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10920-10989. [PMID: 37713432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines responsive to the pathological abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are expected to overcome the biological limitations of conventional nanomedicines, enhance the therapeutic efficacies, and further reduce the side effects. This Review aims to quantitate the various pathological abnormalities in the TME, which may serve as unique endogenous stimuli for the design of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines, and to provide a broad and objective perspective on the current understanding of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We dissect the typical transport process and barriers of cancer drug delivery, highlight the key design principles of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines designed to tackle the series of barriers in the typical drug delivery process, and discuss the "all-into-one" and "one-for-all" strategies for integrating the needed properties for nanomedicines. Ultimately, we provide insight into the challenges and future perspectives toward the clinical translation of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nasha Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yechun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Shi H, Wang K, Tang S, Zhai S, Shi J, Su C, Liu L. Large Range Atomic Force Microscopy with High Aspect Ratio Micropipette Probe for Deep Trench Imaging. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201401. [PMID: 36811166 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been adopted in both industry and academia for high-fidelity, full-profile topographic characterization. Typically, the tiny tip of the cantilever and the limited traveling range of the scanner restrict AFM measurement to relatively flat samples (recommend 1 µm). The primary objective of this work is to address these limitations using a large-range AFM (measuring height >10 µm) system consisting of a novel repairable high aspect ratio probe (HARP) with a nested-proportional-integral-derivative (nested-PID) AFM system. The HARP is fabricated using a reliable, cost-efficient bench-top process. The tip is then fused by pulling the end of the micropipette cantilever with a length up to hundreds of micrometers and a tip diameter of 30 nm. The design, simulation, fabrication, and performance of the HARP are described herein. This instrument is then tested using polymer trenches which reveals superior image fidelity compared to standard silicon tips. Finally, a nested-PID system is developed and employed to facilitate 3D characterization of 50-µm-step samples. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed bench-top technique for the fabrication of low-cost, simple HAR AFM probes that facilitate the imaging of samples with deep trenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Si Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Chanmin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110169, Shenyang, P. R. China
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Pavlov MV, Bavrina AP, Plekhanov VI, Golubyatnikov GY, Orlova AG, Subochev PV, Davydova DA, Turchin IV, Maslennikova AV. Changes in the tumor oxygenation but not in the tumor volume and tumor vascularization reflect early response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:12. [PMID: 36717842 PMCID: PMC9887770 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) allows for assessing tumor sensitivity to systemic treatment, planning adjuvant treatment and follow-up. However, a sufficiently large number of patients fail to achieve the desired level of pathological tumor response while optimal early response assessment methods have not been established now. In our study, we simultaneously assessed the early chemotherapy-induced changes in the tumor volume by ultrasound (US), the tumor oxygenation by diffuse optical spectroscopy imaging (DOSI), and the state of the tumor vascular bed by Doppler US to elaborate the predictive criteria of breast tumor response to treatment. METHODS A total of 133 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of invasive breast cancer stage II to III admitted to NACT following definitive breast surgery were enrolled, of those 103 were included in the final analysis. Tumor oxygenation by DOSI, tumor volume by US, and tumor vascularization by Doppler US were determined before the first and second cycle of NACT. After NACT completion, patients underwent surgery followed by pathological examination and assessment of the pathological tumor response. On the basis of these, data regression predictive models were created. RESULTS We observed changes in all three parameters 3 weeks after the start of the treatment. However, a high predictive potential for early assessment of tumor sensitivity to NACT demonstrated only the level of oxygenation, ΔStO2, (ρ = 0.802, p ≤ 0.01). The regression model predicts the tumor response with a high probability of a correct conclusion (89.3%). The "Tumor volume" model and the "Vascularization index" model did not accurately predict the absence of a pathological tumor response to treatment (60.9% and 58.7%, respectively), while predicting a positive response to treatment was relatively better (78.9% and 75.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Diffuse optical spectroscopy imaging appeared to be a robust tool for early predicting breast cancer response to chemotherapy. It may help identify patients who need additional molecular genetic study of the tumor in order to find the source of resistance to treatment, as well as to correct the treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Pavlov
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603126
| | - Anna P. Bavrina
- grid.416347.30000 0004 0386 1631Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square, 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Vladimir I. Plekhanov
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - German Yu. Golubyatnikov
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Anna G. Orlova
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Pavel V. Subochev
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Diana A. Davydova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Delovaya St., 11/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603126
| | - Ilya V. Turchin
- grid.410472.40000 0004 0638 0147Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Ul’yanov Street, 46, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950
| | - Anna V. Maslennikova
- grid.416347.30000 0004 0386 1631Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minina Square, 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603950 ,grid.28171.3d0000 0001 0344 908XNational Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Ave., 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 603022
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Li L, Ding L, Zhang X, Wen D, Zhang M, Liu W, Wang H, Wang B, Yan L, Guo L, Diao H. A nitroreductase-responsive near-infrared phototheranostic probe for in vivo imaging of tiny tumor and photodynamic therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120579. [PMID: 34776373 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxia-activated and nitroreductase-responsive phototheranostic probe has been developed by incorporating a nitro group into a hemicyanine fluorophore. The probe displays extremely sensitive and selective near-infrared fluorescence enhancement to nitroreductase with the detection limit of 2.10 ng/mL. The detection mechanism relies on the nitroreductase-catalyzed reduction of the nitro group to an amino group, along with the generation of the fluorophore. The availability of the probe in fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy was demonstrated at cellular level and in vivo. The probe can image endogenous nitroreductase and the hypoxia status of living cells. The probe also exhibits significant phototoxicity to hypoxia tumor cells under the 660 nm laser irradiation. More importantly, the probe has been successfully utilized in imaging tiny tumor (about 6 mm3) and tumor photodynamic therapy in vivo. The proposed probe integrates accurate near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy into the same molecule, which probably become a promising agent in the early diagnosis and therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Danning Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Haojiang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Lili Yan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Lixia Guo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Haipeng Diao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, PR China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
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Combination Therapies with PRRT. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101005. [PMID: 34681229 PMCID: PMC8538931 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a successful targeted radionuclide therapy in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, complete responses remain elusive. Combined treatments anticipate synergistic effects and thus better responses by combining ionizing radiation with other anti-tumor treatments. Furthermore, multimodal therapies often have a balanced toxicity profile. To date, few studies have evaluated the effect of combination therapies with PRRT, some of them phase I/II trials. This review will focus on several clinically tested, tailored approaches to improving the effects of PRRT. The aim is to help clinicians in the treatment planning of NETs to choose the most effective and safe treatment for each patient in the sense of personalized medicine. Current promising combination partners of PRRT are somatostatin analogues (SSAs), chemotherapy, molecular targeted treatment, liver radioembolization, and dual radionuclide PRRT (Lutetium-177-PRRT combined with Yttrium-90-PRRT).
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Filimonova M, Saburova A, Makarchuk V, Shevchenko L, Surinova V, Yuzhakov V, Yakovleva N, Sevankaeva L, Saburov V, Koryakin S, Shegay P, Kaprin A, Ivanov S, Filimonov A. The Ability of the Nitric Oxide Synthases Inhibitor T1023 to Selectively Protect the Non-Malignant Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9340. [PMID: 34502247 PMCID: PMC8431509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, compound T1023, induces transient hypoxia and prevents acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in mice. Significant efficacy (according to various tests, dose modifying factor (DMF)-1.6-1.9 against H-ARS/G-ARS) and safety in radioprotective doses (1/5-1/4 LD10) became the reason for testing its ability to prevent complications of tumor radiation therapy (RT). Research methods included studying T1023 effects on skin acute radiation reactions (RSR) in rats and mice without tumors and in tumor-bearing animals. The effects were evaluated using clinical, morphological and histological techniques as well as RTOG classification. T1023 administration prior to irradiation significantly limited the severity of acute RSR. This was due to a decrease in radiation alteration of the skin and underlying tissues, and the preservation of the functional activity of cell populations that are critical in the pathogenesis of radiation burn. The DMF values for T1023 for skin protection were 1.4-1.7. Moreover, its radioprotective effect was fully selective to normal tissues in RT models of solid tumors-T1023 reduced the severity of acute RSR and did not modify the antitumor effects of γ-radiation. The results indicate that T1023 can selectively protect the non-malignant tissues against γ-radiation due to hypoxic mechanism of action and potentiate opportunities of NOS inhibitors in RT complications prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Filimonova
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alina Saburova
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Victoria Makarchuk
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Ljudmila Shevchenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Valentina Surinova
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Vadim Yuzhakov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Nina Yakovleva
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Sevankaeva
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Saburov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Koryakin
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Petr Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Filimonov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
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Esteves M, Monteiro MP, Duarte JA. The Effects of Physical Exercise on Tumor Vasculature: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1237-1249. [PMID: 34341974 DOI: 10.1055/a-1533-1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence supports an association between physical exercise, decreased tumor growth rate, and reduced risk of cancer mortality. In this context, the tumor vascular microenvironment may play a key role in modulating tumor biologic behavior. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of physical exercise on tumor vasculature in pre-clinical studies. We performed a computerized research on the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases to identify pre-clinical studies that evaluated the effect of physical exercise on tumor vascular outcomes. Mean differences were calculated through a random effects model. The present systematic review included 13 studies involving 373 animals. From these, 11 studies evaluated chronic intratumoral vascular adaptations and 2 studies assessed the acute intratumoral vascular adaptations to physical exercise. The chronic intratumoral vascular adaptations resulted in higher tumor microvessel density in 4 studies, increased tumor perfusion in 2 studies, and reduced intratumoral hypoxia in 3 studies. Quantitatively, regular physical exercise induced an increased tumor vascularization of 2.13 [1.07, 3.20] (p<0.0001). The acute intratumoral vascular adaptations included increased vascular conductance and reduced vascular resistance, which improved tumor perfusion and attenuated intratumoral hypoxia. In pre-clinical studies, physical exercise seems to improve tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Esteves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Morphology, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Teaching Hospital of the Fernando Pessoa University, Gondomar, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Universidade do Porto Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Alberto Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Morphology, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
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Rashid M, Zadeh LR, Baradaran B, Molavi O, Ghesmati Z, Sabzichi M, Ramezani F. Up-down regulation of HIF-1α in cancer progression. Gene 2021; 798:145796. [PMID: 34175393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of Oxygen. In an oxygen-immersed environment, HIF-1α completely deactivated and destroyed by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). In contrast, in the oxygen-free environment, it escapes destruction and enters to the nucleus of cells then upregulates many genes involved in cancer progression. Overexpressed HIF-1α and downstream genes support cancer progression through various mechanisms including angiogenesis, proliferation and survival of cells, metabolism reprogramming, invasion and metastasis, cancer stem cell maintenance, induction of genetic instability, and treatment resistance. HIF-1α can be provoked by signaling pathways unrelated to hypoxia during cancer progression. Therefore, cancer development and progression can be modulated by targeting HIF-1α and its downstream signaling molecules. In this regard, HIF-1α inhibitors which are categorized into the agents that regulate HIF-1α in gene, mRNA and protein levels used as an efficient way in cancer treatment. Also, HIF-1α expression can be negatively affected by the agents suppressing the activation of mTOR, PI3k/Akt and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Rostami Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghesmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sabzichi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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9
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Xia H, Hu F, Pan L, Xu C, Huang H, Chen S, Ma H. FAM196B promotes proliferation and migration via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:39-46. [PMID: 33749638 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EC (esophageal cancer) is a common cancer among people in the world. The molecular mechanism of FAM196B (family with sequence similarity 196 member B) in EC is still unclear. This article aimed to clarify the role of FAM196B in EC. METHODS The expression of FAM196B in EC tissues was detected using qRT-PCR. The prognosis of FAM196B in EC patients was determined by log-rank kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, shRNA was used to knockdown the expression of FAM196B in EC cell lines. MTT, wound healing assays and western blot were used to determine the role of FAM196B in EC cells. RESULTS In our research, we found that the expression of FAM196B was up-regulated in EC tissues. The increased expression of FAM196B was significantly correlated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis, stage, and poor survival. The proliferation and migration of EC cells were inhibited after FAM196B-shRNA transfection in vitro and vivo. The western blot result showed that FAM196B could regulate EMT. CONCLUSION These results suggested that FAM196B severs as an oncogene and promotes cell proliferation and migration in EC. In addition, FAM196B may be a potential therapeutic target for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Suzhou Dushuhu Public Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceutical Limited, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangbin Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaomu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kaplan AR, Glazer PM. Impact of hypoxia on DNA repair and genome integrity. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:61-68. [PMID: 31282537 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumour microenvironment with profound effects on tumour biology, influencing cancer progression, the development of metastasis and patient outcome. Hypoxia also contributes to genomic instability and mutation frequency by inhibiting DNA repair pathways. This review summarises the diverse mechanisms by which hypoxia affects DNA repair, including suppression of homology-directed repair, mismatch repair and base excision repair. We also discuss the effects of hypoxia mimetics and agents that induce hypoxia on DNA repair, and we highlight areas of potential clinical relevance as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna R Kaplan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Experimental Pathology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Esteves M, Monteiro MP, Duarte JA. The effects of vascularization on tumor development: A systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 159:103245. [PMID: 33508446 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to systematize and quantify the existing evidence about the effect of tumor vascularization on its growth, in preclinical studies. METHODOLOGY A computerized research on databases PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO was performed to identify studies that evaluate both the vascularization parameters and the development of the tumors in animal models and the mean differences were calculated through a random effects model. RESULTS Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review, of which, 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Besides tumor vascular density that all studies evaluated, 3 studies analysed the tumor perfusion, 2 studies the tumor hypoxia and 3 studies assessed the grade of vessel maturation. Most of the studies (11) related decreased tumor vascularization and a concomitant inhibition of tumor growth or metastasis development. Quantitatively, the decrease in tumor vascularization contributed to a significant decrease in the tumor growing rate of 5.23 (-9.20, -1.26). CONCLUSION A reduced level of tumor vascularization seems to be able to inhibit tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Esteves
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital-Escola, Fernando Pessoa University, Avenida Fernando Pessoa 150, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Morphology, CIAFEL, R. Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, R. Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, R. Central da Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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12
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Dotson RJ, McClenahan E, Pias SC. Updated Evaluation of Cholesterol's Influence on Membrane Oxygen Permeability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1269:23-30. [PMID: 33966190 PMCID: PMC10317081 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48238-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a surprising gap in knowledge regarding the mechanism of oxygen (O2) diffusional delivery at the level of tissues and cells. Yet, the effectiveness of tumor radiotherapy, the success of tissue engineering, and healthy metabolism all require ample intracellular oxygen. Tissue-level diffusion takes place in a complex and crowded macromolecular environment. Cholesterol-rich cellular membranes have been thought to reduce oxygen flux. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to update prior estimates of bilayer permeability and related parameters for 1-palmitoyl,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and POPC/cholesterol bilayers, using a modified O2 model with improved membrane-water partitioning behavior. This work estimates an oxygen permeability coefficient of 15 ± 1 cm/s for POPC and 11.5 ± 0.4 cm/s for POPC/cholesterol (1:1 molecular ratio) at 37 °C. The permeability of POPC is found to be ~1/3 that of a water layer of similar thickness, and the permeability of POPC/cholesterol is estimated to be 20-30% below that of POPC. Void pathway visualization and free energy data support channeling of oxygen toward the center of cholesterol-incorporating membranes, while partition coefficient data suggest reduced membrane solubility of oxygen due to cholesterol. Further study is needed to understand whether diffusion pathway changes due to cholesterol and other molecular compositional factors influence oxygen availability within tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Dotson
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA
| | - Emily McClenahan
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA
| | - Sally C Pias
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA.
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13
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Jin ZH, Tsuji AB, Degardin M, Sugyo A, Obara S, Wakizaka H, Nagatsu K, Hu K, Zhang MR, Dumy P, Boturyn D, Higashi T. Radiotheranostic Agent 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-) 4 for Management of Peritoneal Metastasis in Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6230-6241. [PMID: 32933998 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases (OCPMs) are a pathophysiologically heterogeneous group of tumors that are rarely curable. αVβ3 integrin (αVβ3) is overexpressed on tumoral neovessels and frequently on ovarian cancer cells. Here, using two clinically relevant αVβ3-positive OCPM mouse models, we studied the theranostic potential of an αVβ3-specific radiopeptide, 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 (64Cu-RaftRGD), and its intra- and intertumoral distribution in relation to the tumor microenvironment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN αVβ3-expressing peritoneal and subcutaneous models of ovarian carcinoma (IGR-OV1 and NIH:OVCAR-3) were established in nude mice. 64Cu-RaftRGD was administered either intravenously or intraperitoneally. We performed intratumoral distribution (ITD) studies, PET/CT imaging and quantification, biodistribution assay and radiation dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy and toxicity studies. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration was an efficient route for targeting 64Cu-RaftRGD to OCPMs with excellent tumor penetration. Using the fluorescence surrogate, Cy5.5-RaftRGD, in our unique high-resolution multifluorescence analysis, we found that the ITD of 64Cu-RaftRGD was spatially distinct from, but complementary to, that of hypoxia. 64Cu-RaftRGD-based PET enabled clear visualization of multiple OCPM deposits and ascites and biodistribution analysis demonstrated an inverse correlation between tumor uptake and tumor size (1.2-17.2 mm). 64Cu-RaftRGD at a radiotherapeutic dose (148 MBq/0.357 nmol) showed antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, with negligible toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate the all-in-one potential of 64Cu-RaftRGD for imaging guided radiotherapy of OCPM by targeting both tumoral neovessels and cancerous cells. On the basis of the ITD finding, we propose that pairing αVβ3- and hypoxia-targeted radiotherapies could improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming the heterogeneity of ITD encountered with single-agent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Jin
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | - Aya Sugyo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obara
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kuan Hu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Tatsuya Higashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Cho HD, Lee KW, Won YS, Kim JH, Seo KI. Cultivated Orostachys japonicus extract inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis via regulation of VEGFR2 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 256:112664. [PMID: 32045685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (O. japonicus), so-called Wa-song in Korea, a traditional food and medicine that grows on mountain rocks and roof tiles. Wa-song containing various phenolic compounds have been reported as a medicinal plant for prevention of fibrosis, cancer, inflammation, and oxidative damage. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to examine the anti-angiogenic effects of cultivated Orostachys japonicus 70% ethanol extract (CE) in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS CE was prepared with 70% ethanol. HUVECs, rat aortic rings, and matrigel plug in mice were treated with CE (10-20 μg/mL) and VEGF (20-50 ng/mL), and the anti-angiogenic activities of CE were analyzed by SRB, wound healing, trans-well invasion, capillary-like tubule formation, rat aortas, Western blot, and matrigel plug assay. Phenolic compounds in CE were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-PDA system. RESULTS Treatment of CE (10-20 μg/mL) markedly suppressed proliferation of HUVECs in the presence (from 136.5% to 112.2%) or absence of VEGF (from 100.0% to 92.1%). The proliferation inhibitory effect of CE was caused by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and the decrease of CDK-2, CDK-4, Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1. Furthermore, CE treatment showed significant angiogenesis inhibitory effects on motility, invasion and micro-vessel formation of HUVECs, rat aortic rings and subcutaneous matrigels under VEGF-stimulation condition. In HUVECs, CE-induced anti-angiogenic effect was regulated by inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/p38, MAPK/ERK, FAK-Src, and VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CE might be used as a potential natural substance, multi-targeted angiogenesis inhibitor, functional food material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Cho
- Industry-Academy Cooperation, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Seon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Il Seo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Logozzi M, Spugnini E, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Fais S. Extracellular acidity and increased exosome release as key phenotypes of malignant tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:93-101. [PMID: 30715644 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor milieu is characteristically acidic as a consequence of the fermentative metabolism of glucose that results in massive accumulation of lactic acid within the cytoplasm. Tumor cells get rid of excessive protons through exchangers that are responsible for the extracellular acidification that selects cellular clones that are more apt at surviving in this challenging and culling environment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles with diameters ranging from nm to μm that are released from the cells to deliver nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to adjacent or distant cells. EVs are involved in a plethora of biological events that promote tumor progression including unrestricted proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, local invasion, preparation of the metastatic niche, metastasis, downregulation or hijacking of the immune system, and drug resistance. There is evidence that the release of specific exosomes is increased many folds in cancer patients, as shown by many techniques aimed at evaluating "liquid biopsies". The quality of the exosomal contents has been shown to vary at the different moments of tumor life such as local invasion or metastasis. In vitro studies have recently pointed out that cancer acidity is a major determinant in inducing increased exosome release by human cancer cells, by showing that exosomal release was increased as the pH moved from 7.4 pH to the typical pH of cancer that is 6.5. In this review, we emphasize the recent evidence that tumor acidity and exosomes levels are strictly related and strongly contribute to the malignant tumor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Spugnini
- SAFU Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 51, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is a natural and vital phenomenon of neovascularization that occurs from pre-existing vasculature, being present in many physiological processes, namely in development, reproduction and regeneration. Being a highly dynamic and tightly regulated process, its abnormal expression can be on the basis of several pathologies. For that reason, angiogenesis has been a subject of major interest among the scientific community, being transverse to different areas and founding particular attention in tissue engineering and cancer research fields. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful tool for modelling this phenomenon, thereby surpassing the limitations associated to conventional angiogenic models. Holding a tremendous flexibility in terms of experimental design towards a specific goal, microfluidic systems can offer an unlimited number of opportunities for investigating angiogenesis in many relevant scenarios, namely from its fundamental comprehension in normal physiological processes to the identification and testing of new therapeutic targets involved on pathological angiogenesis. Additionally, microvascular 3D in vitro models are now opening up new prospects in different fields, being used for investigating and establishing guidelines for the development of next generation of 3D functional vascularized grafts. The promising applications of this emerging technology in angiogenesis studies are herein overviewed, encompassing fundamental and applied research.
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Pias SC. Pathways of Oxygen Diffusion in Cells and Tissues : Hydrophobic Channeling via Networked Lipids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:183-190. [PMID: 31893409 PMCID: PMC7302104 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen delivery to tissue mitochondria relies on simple diffusion in the target cells and tissues. As such, intracellular availability of O2 in tissue depends on its solubility and diffusivity in complex and heterogeneous macromolecular environments. The path of oxygen diffusion is key to its rate of transfer, especially where pathways of differing favorability are present. Most commonly, aqueous media, such as interstitial fluid and cytoplasm, are assumed to provide the dominant diffusion path. Here, the 'hydrophobic channeling' hypothesis is revisited, and several lines of evidence pointing toward lipid-accelerated oxygen diffusion pathways are discussed. The implications of hydrophobic channeling are considered in light of extended membrane networks in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C Pias
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), Socorro, NM, USA.
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18
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Interprofessional and interdisciplinary collaboration for early phase oncological clinical trials in academia-Myo-inositoltrispyrophophate as model. Pharmacol Res 2019; 154:104238. [PMID: 31009662 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mikalsen SG, Jeppesen Edin N, Sandvik JA, Pettersen EO. Separation of two sub-groups with different DNA content after treatment of T-47D breast cancer cells with low dose-rate irradiation and intermittent hypoxia. Acta Radiol 2018; 59:26-33. [PMID: 28350256 DOI: 10.1177/0284185117699999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that combined treatment with internal ultra-low dose-rate irradiation selectively inactivated hypoxic T-47D breast cancer cells after three to five weeks of treatment. However, 2-3% of the hypoxic cells were found to survive and restart proliferation upon re-oxygenation. Purpose To investigate the metastatic potential and characteristics of radiosensitivity of these surviving cells, named T - 47 DS. Material and Methods The T - 47 DS cells were grown in ambient air without irradiation. A cloning experiment identified two sub-groups with different DNA content ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Furthermore, radiosensitivity and presence of hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) was measured by Co-60 challenge irradiation and relative migration was determined by scratch assays. Results The two subpopulations of T - 47 DS had different DNA content; one had abnormally high DNA content ([Formula: see text]) and one had DNA content similar to wild-type T-47D cells ([Formula: see text]). HRS was surprisingly present in cells of the cloned population [Formula: see text], but was absent in cells of both [Formula: see text] and T - 47 DS. The radio response of T - 47 DS, [Formula: see text] at higher radiation doses were similar to that of T-47D cells, and neither subpopulation showed increased migration compared with wild-type T-47D. Conclusion No increase in the risk of metastasis was found and only slight changes in radiosensitivity in response to conventional clinical doses was observed. Thus, the data suggest that if ultra-low dose-rate irradiation is used for targeting the hypoxic tumor fraction, conventional high dose-rate irradiation can be used to eradicate eventual surviving cells as well as cells in the well oxygenated areas of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Gyland Mikalsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Paolicchi E, Gemignani F, Krstic-Demonacos M, Dedhar S, Mutti L, Landi S. Targeting hypoxic response for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13464-78. [PMID: 26859576 PMCID: PMC4924654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumor microenvironment (HTM) is considered to promote metabolic changes, oncogene activation and epithelial mesenchymal transition, and resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy, all of which are hallmarks of aggressive tumor behavior. Cancer cells within the HTM acquire phenotypic properties that allow them to overcome the lack of energy and nutrients supply within this niche. These phenotypic properties include activation of genes regulating glycolysis, glucose transport, acidosis regulators, angiogenesis, all of which are orchestrated through the activation of the transcription factor, HIF1A, which is an independent marker of poor prognosis. Moreover, during the adaptation to a HTM cancer cells undergo deep changes in mitochondrial functions such as “Warburg effect” and the “reverse Warburg effect”. This review aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of the HTM, with particular focus on novel therapeutic strategies currently in clinical trials, targeting the adaptive response to hypoxia of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Paolicchi
- Genetics-Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marija Krstic-Demonacos
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luciano Mutti
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Stefano Landi
- Genetics-Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role not only in the growth and regeneration of tissues in humans but also in pathological conditions such as inflammation, degenerative disease and the formation of tumors. Angiogenesis is also vital in thick engineered tissues and constructs, such as those for the heart and bone, as these can face difficulties in successful implantation if they are insufficiently vascularized or unable to connect to the host vasculature. Considerable research has been carried out on angiogenic processes using a variety of approaches. Pathological angiogenesis has been analyzed at the cellular level through investigation of cell migration and interactions, modeling tissue level interactions between engineered blood vessels and whole organs, and elucidating signaling pathways involved in different angiogenic stimuli. Approaches to regenerative angiogenesis in ischemic tissues or wound repair focus on the vascularization of tissues, which can be broadly classified into two categories: scaffolds to direct and facilitate tissue growth and targeted delivery of genes, cells, growth factors or drugs that promote the regeneration. With technological advancement, models have been designed and fabricated to recapitulate the innate microenvironment. Moreover, engineered constructs provide not only a scaffold for tissue ingrowth but a reservoir of agents that can be controllably released for therapeutic purposes. This review summarizes the current approaches for modeling pathological and regenerative angiogenesis in the context of micro-/nanotechnology and seeks to bridge these two seemingly distant aspects of angiogenesis. The ultimate aim is to provide insights and advances from various models in the realm of angiogenesis studies that can be applied to clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiun Chen
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effects of enhanced intracellular oxygen contents on the metastatic potential of colon cancer. BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the commonest gastrointestinal carcinoma. Distant metastases occur in half of patients and are responsible for most cancer-related deaths. Tumor hypoxia is central to the pathogenesis of metastases. Myo-Inositoltrispyrophosphate (ITPP), a nontoxic, antihypoxic compound, has recently shown significant benefits in experimental cancer, particularly when combined with standard chemotherapy. Whether ITPP protects from distant metastases in primary colon cancer is unknown. METHODS ITPP alone or combined with FOLFOX was tested in a mouse model with cecal implantation of green fluorescent protein-labeled syngeneic colorectal cancer cells. Tumor development was monitored through longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging-based morphometric analysis and survival. Established serum markers of tumor spread were measured serially and circulating tumor cells were detected via fluorescence measurements. RESULTS ITPP significantly reduced the occurrence of metastases as well as other indicators of tumor aggressiveness. Less circulating tumor cells along with reduction in malignant serum markers (osteopontin, Cxcl12) were noted. The ITPP benefits also affected the primary cancer site. Importantly, animals treated with ITPP had a significant survival benefit compared with respective controls, while a combination of FOLFOX with ITPP conferred the maximum benefits, including dramatic improvements in survival (mean 86 vs 188 d). CONCLUSIONS Restoring oxygen in metastatic colon cancer through ITPP inhibits tumor spread and markedly improves animal survival; an effect that is enhanced through the application of subsequent chemotherapy. These promising novel findings call for a clinical trial on ITPP in patients with colorectal cancer, which is under way.
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Pan L, Yu G, Chen X, Li X. Nicotinic acid inhibits angiogenesis likely through cytoskeleton remodeling. Organogenesis 2017; 13:183-191. [PMID: 28933636 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2017.1364829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a physiological procedure during which the new blood vessels develop from the pre-existing vessels. Uncontrolled angiogenesis is related to various diseases including cancers. Clinical inhibition of undesired angiogenesis is still under investigation. We utilized nicotinic acid, a family member of the B-vitamin niacin (vitamin B3) that has been used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis or other lipid-metabolic disorders, to treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and investigated its influence on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We found that nicotinic acid could obviously inhibit HUVEC proliferation induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. Both the in vitro and in vivo assays showed that nicotinic acid could significantly inhibit the process of angiogenesis. To further investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of nicotinic acid on angiogenesis, we found that it might function via regulating the cytoskeleton arrangements, especially the rearranging the structures of F-actin and paxillin. In summary, we discovered that nicotinic acid could obviously inhibit the process of angiogenesis by changing the angiogenesis factor expression levels and inducing the cytoskeleton rearrangement of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemen Pan
- a Department of Vascular Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.,b Department of Vascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , P.R. China
| | - Guanfeng Yu
- b Department of Vascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , P.R. China
| | - Xiangjian Chen
- b Department of Vascular Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou , Zhejiang Province , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- a Department of Vascular Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University , Suzhou , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
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Abu-Jamous B, Buffa FM, Harris AL, Nandi AK. In vitro downregulated hypoxia transcriptome is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:105. [PMID: 28619028 PMCID: PMC5472949 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a characteristic of breast tumours indicating poor prognosis. Based on the assumption that those genes which are up-regulated under hypoxia in cell-lines are expected to be predictors of poor prognosis in clinical data, many signatures of poor prognosis were identified. However, it was observed that cell line data do not always concur with clinical data, and therefore conclusions from cell line analysis should be considered with caution. As many transcriptomic cell-line datasets from hypoxia related contexts are available, integrative approaches which investigate these datasets collectively, while not ignoring clinical data, are required. RESULTS We analyse sixteen heterogeneous breast cancer cell-line transcriptomic datasets in hypoxia-related conditions collectively by employing the unique capabilities of the method, UNCLES, which integrates clustering results from multiple datasets and can address questions that cannot be answered by existing methods. This has been demonstrated by comparison with the state-of-the-art iCluster method. From this collection of genome-wide datasets include 15,588 genes, UNCLES identified a relatively high number of genes (>1000 overall) which are consistently co-regulated over all of the datasets, and some of which are still poorly understood and represent new potential HIF targets, such as RSBN1 and KIAA0195. Two main, anti-correlated, clusters were identified; the first is enriched with MYC targets participating in growth and proliferation, while the other is enriched with HIF targets directly participating in the hypoxia response. Surprisingly, in six clinical datasets, some sub-clusters of growth genes are found consistently positively correlated with hypoxia response genes, unlike the observation in cell lines. Moreover, the ability to predict bad prognosis by a combined signature of one sub-cluster of growth genes and one sub-cluster of hypoxia-induced genes appears to be comparable and perhaps greater than that of known hypoxia signatures. CONCLUSIONS We present a clustering approach suitable to integrate data from diverse experimental set-ups. Its application to breast cancer cell line datasets reveals new hypoxia-regulated signatures of genes which behave differently when in vitro (cell-line) data is compared with in vivo (clinical) data, and are of a prognostic value comparable or exceeding the state-of-the-art hypoxia signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Abu-Jamous
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB UK
| | - Francesca M. Buffa
- Cancer Research UK, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Cancer Research UK, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
| | - Asoke K. Nandi
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH UK
- The Key Laboratory of Embedded Systems and Service Computing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, Peoples, Republic of China
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Leek R, Grimes DR, Harris AL, McIntyre A. Methods: Using Three-Dimensional Culture (Spheroids) as an In Vitro Model of Tumour Hypoxia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 899:167-96. [PMID: 27325267 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26666-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regions of hypoxia in tumours can be modelled in vitro in 2D cell cultures with a hypoxic chamber or incubator in which oxygen levels can be regulated. Although this system is useful in many respects, it disregards the additional physiological gradients of the hypoxic microenvironment, which result in reduced nutrients and more acidic pH. Another approach to hypoxia modelling is to use three-dimensional spheroid cultures. In spheroids, the physiological gradients of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment can be inexpensively modelled and explored. In addition, spheroids offer the advantage of more representative modelling of tumour therapy responses compared with 2D culture. Here, we review the use of spheroids in hypoxia tumour biology research and highlight the different methodologies for spheroid formation and how to obtain uniformity. We explore the challenge of spheroid analyses and how to determine the effect on the hypoxic versus normoxic components of spheroids. We discuss the use of high-throughput analyses in hypoxia screening of spheroids. Furthermore, we examine the use of mathematical modelling of spheroids to understand more fully the hypoxic tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Leek
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Robert Grimes
- Gray Laboratory, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, QMC, D Floor, West Block, W/D/1374, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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26
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Nijhuis A, Thompson H, Adam J, Parker A, Gammon L, Lewis A, Bundy JG, Soga T, Jalaly A, Propper D, Jeffery R, Suraweera N, McDonald S, Thaha MA, Feakins R, Lowe R, Bishop CL, Silver A. Remodelling of microRNAs in colorectal cancer by hypoxia alters metabolism profiles and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1552-1564. [PMID: 28207045 PMCID: PMC5393147 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours have oxygen gradients and areas of near and almost total anoxia. Hypoxia reduces sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are hypoxia sensors and were altered consistently in six CRC cell lines (colon cancer: DLD-1, HCT116 and HT29; rectal cancer: HT55, SW837 and VACO4S) maintained in hypoxia (1 and 0.2% oxygen) compared with normoxia (20.9%). CRC cell lines also showed altered amino acid metabolism in hypoxia and hypoxia-responsive miRNAs were predicted to target genes in four metabolism pathways: beta-alanine; valine, leucine, iso-leucine; aminoacyl-tRNA; and alanine, aspartate, glutamate. MiR-210 was increased in hypoxic areas of CRC tissues and hypoxia-responsive miR-21 and miR-30d, but not miR-210, were significantly increased in 5-FU resistant CRCs. Treatment with miR-21 and miR-30d antagonists sensitized hypoxic CRC cells to 5-FU. Our data highlight the complexity and tumour heterogeneity caused by hypoxia. MiR-210 as a hypoxic biomarker, and the targeting of miR-21 and miR-30d and/or the amino acid metabolism pathways may offer translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Nijhuis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Hannah Thompson
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Luke Gammon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Amy Lewis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jacob G Bundy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Aisha Jalaly
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - David Propper
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Gloucester House, Little Britain, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Rosemary Jeffery
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Nirosha Suraweera
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sarah McDonald
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mohamed A Thaha
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK.,Academic Surgical Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Roger Feakins
- Department of Histopathology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Robert Lowe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Cleo L Bishop
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
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Klutzny S, Lesche R, Keck M, Kaulfuss S, Schlicker A, Christian S, Sperl C, Neuhaus R, Mowat J, Steckel M, Riefke B, Prechtl S, Parczyk K, Steigemann P. Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by Fluphenazine triggers hypoxia-specific tumor cell death. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2709. [PMID: 28358364 PMCID: PMC5386533 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to lagging or insufficient neo-angiogenesis, hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumors. Hypoxic tumor regions contribute to resistance against antiproliferative chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Targeting cells in hypoxic tumor areas is therefore an important strategy for cancer treatment. Most approaches for targeting hypoxic cells focus on the inhibition of hypoxia adaption pathways but only a limited number of compounds with the potential to specifically target hypoxic tumor regions have been identified. By using tumor spheroids in hypoxic conditions as screening system, we identified a set of compounds, including the phenothiazine antipsychotic Fluphenazine, as hits with novel mode of action. Fluphenazine functionally inhibits acid sphingomyelinase and causes cellular sphingomyelin accumulation, which induces cancer cell death specifically in hypoxic tumor spheroids. Moreover, we found that functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase leads to overactivation of hypoxia stress-response pathways and that hypoxia-specific cell death is mediated by the stress-responsive transcription factor ATF4. Taken together, the here presented data suggest a novel, yet unexplored mechanism in which induction of sphingolipid stress leads to the overactivation of hypoxia stress-response pathways and thereby promotes their pro-apoptotic tumor-suppressor functions to specifically kill cells in hypoxic tumor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Klutzny
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Berlin 13353, Germany.,Department of Bioanalytics, Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Berlin 13353, Germany
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Saxena S, Jha S. Role of NOD- like Receptors in Glioma Angiogenesis: Insights into future therapeutic interventions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 34:15-26. [PMID: 28233643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common solid tumors among central nervous system tumors. Most glioma patients succumb to their disease within two years of the initial diagnosis. The median survival of gliomas is only 14.6 months, even after aggressive therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Gliomas are heavily infiltrated with myeloid- derived cells and endothelial cells. Increasing evidence suggests that these myeloid- derived cells interact with tumor cells promoting their growth and migration. NLRs (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-containing protein like receptors) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that are critical to sensing pathogen and danger associated molecular patterns. Mutations in some NLRs lead to autoinflammatory diseases in humans. Moreover, dysregulated NLR signaling is central to the pathogenesis of several cancers, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Our review explores the role of angiogenic factors that contribute to upstream or downstream signaling pathways leading to NLRs. Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of variety of tumors including gliomas. Though NLRs have been detected in several cancers including gliomas and NLR signaling contributes to angiogenesis, the exact role and mechanism of involvement of NLRs in glioma angiogenesis remain largely unexplored. We discuss cellular, molecular and genetic studies of NLR signaling and convergence of NLR signaling pathways with angiogenesis signaling in gliomas. This may lead to re-appropriation of existing anti-angiogenic therapies or development of future strategies for targeted therapeutics in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanjali Saxena
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342011, India.
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29
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Zhang YC, Li XM, Yu Z, Shi XL, Li Y, Wang WL. Efficacy of pEgr-1-endostatin combined with ionizing radiation on hypoxic conditions in nude mice bearing SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1101-1108. [PMID: 28454220 PMCID: PMC5403319 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia occurs in a wide range of solid tumors, and is strongly associated with radio-resistance of malignant tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endostatin combined with ionizing radiation (IR) on hypoxic conditions. A total of 24 mice bearing SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma were divided into three groups. Following injection with pEgr-1-endostatin plasmid for 12 h, the mice in the endostatin-IR-treated group were exposed to 300 cGy/min X-ray for 48 h, and the IR-treated group was exposed to the same condition. Then, the expression of endostatin, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. In addition, the tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined by immunohistochemistry analysis of cluster of differentiation 31-positive cells. The results revealed that pEgr-1-endostatin was successfully induced by IR. The level of endostatin messenger RNA in the endostatin-IR-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control and IR-treated groups (F=380.078, P<0.001). Statistical differences were also examined at the protein level by western blotting and ELISA. An obvious increase in MVD was observed in the IR-treated group compared with that in the control group (t=7.040, P<0.001), and a significant decrease in MVD was observed in the endostatin-IR-treated group compared with that in the control group (t=18.153, P<0.001). By comparing the morphology of the tumor vasculature in the three groups, it was noticed that the microvessels in the endostatin-IR-treated group were more regularly distributed and had fewer giant branches than those in the IR-treated group. Further investigation revealed that the expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in the endostatin-IR-treated group were lower compared with those in the control (t=5.339, P=0.001; and t=13.880, P<0.001, respectively) and the IR-treated groups (t=12.930, P<0.001; and t=14.050, P<0.001, respectively). Our findings suggested that endostatin decreased the number of microvessels via the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway, and that pEgr-1-endostatin combined with IR may improve hypoxic conditions and may be a novel approach for treating solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Shi
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Lin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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30
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The reduced concentration of citrate in cancer cells: An indicator of cancer aggressiveness and a possible therapeutic target. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:47-53. [PMID: 27912843 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proliferating cells reduce their oxidative metabolism and rely more on glycolysis, even in the presence of O2 (Warburg effect). This shift in metabolism reduces citrate biosynthesis and diminishes intracellular acidity, both of which promote glycolysis sustaining tumor growth. Because citrate is the donor of acetyl-CoA, its reduced production favors a deacetylation state of proteins favoring resistance to apoptosis and epigenetic changes, both processes contributing to tumor aggressiveness. Citrate levels could be monitored as an indicator of cancer aggressiveness (as already shown in human prostate cancer) and/or could serve as a biomarker for response to therapy. Strategies aiming to increase cytosolic citrate should be developed and tested in humans, knowing that experimental studies have shown that administration of citrate and/or inhibition of ACLY arrest tumor growth, inhibit the expression of the key anti-apoptotic factor Mcl-1, reverse cell dedifferentiation and increase sensibility to cisplatin.
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31
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Diaz JA, Murillo MF, Mendoza JA, Barreto AM, Poveda LS, Sanchez LK, Poveda LC, Mora KT. Human somatic cells acquire the plasticity to generate embryoid-like metamorphosis via the actin cytoskeleton in injured tissues. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS 2016; 5:53-73. [PMID: 27725917 PMCID: PMC5043097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Emergent biological responses develop via unknown processes dependent on physical collision. In hypoxia, when the tissue architecture collapses but the geometric core is stable, actin cytoskeleton filament components emerge, revealing a hidden internal order that identifies how each molecule is reassembled into the original mold, using one common connection, i.e., a fractal self-similarity that guides the system from the beginning in reverse metamorphosis, with spontaneous self-assembly of past forms that mimics an embryoid phenotype. We captured this hidden collective filamentous assemblage in progress: Hypoxic deformed cells enter into intercellular collisions, generate migratory ejected filaments, and produce self-assembly of triangular chiral hexagon complexes; this dynamic geometry guides the microenvironment scaffold in which this biological process is incubated, recapitulating embryonic morphogenesis. In all injured tissues, especially in damaged skeletal (striated) muscle cells, visibly hypertrophic intercalated actin-myosin filaments are organized in zebra stripe pattern along the anterior-posterior axis in the interior of the cell, generating cephalic-caudal polarity segmentation, with a high selective level of immunopositivity for Actin, Alpha Skeletal Muscle antibody and for Neuron-Specific Enolase expression of ectodermal differentiation. The function of actin filaments in emergent responses to tissue injury is to reconstitute, reactivate and orchestrate cellular metamorphosis, involving the re-expression of fetal genes, providing evidence of the reverse flow of genetic information within a biological system. The resultant embryoid phenotype emerges as a microscopic fractal template copy of the organization of the whole body, likely allowing the modification and reprogramming of the phenotype of the tumor in which these structures develop, as well as establishing a reverse primordial microscopic mold to collectively re-form cellular building blocks to regenerate injured tissues. Tumorigenesis mimics a self-organizing process of early embryo development. All malignant tumors produce fetal proteins, we now know from which these proteins proceed. Embryoid-like metamorphosis phenomena would represent the anatomical and functional entity of the injury stem cell niche. The sufficiently fast identification, isolation, culture, and expansion of these self-organized structures or genetically derived products could, in our opinion, be used to develop new therapeutic strategies against cancer and in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo A Diaz
- Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Departmental of VillavicencioVillavicencio, Colombia
- Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Departmental of GranadaMeta, Colombia
- Pathology Laboratory, Liga Colombiana Contra el CáncerVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of ColombiaVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Mauricio F Murillo
- Pathology Laboratory, Hospital Departmental of GranadaMeta, Colombia
- Pathology Laboratory, Liga Colombiana Contra el CáncerVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Jhonan A Mendoza
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of ColombiaVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Ana M Barreto
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of ColombiaVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Lina S Poveda
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of ColombiaVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Lina K Sanchez
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of ColombiaVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Laura C Poveda
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of ColombiaVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Katherine T Mora
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Cooperative of ColombiaVillavicencio, Meta, Colombia
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Zhang H, Lu C, Fang M, Yan W, Chen M, Ji Y, He S, Liu T, Chen T, Xiao J. HIF-1α activates hypoxia-induced PFKFB4 expression in human bladder cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:146-52. [PMID: 27181362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PFKFB4 is reported to regulate glycolysis by synthesizing fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) and has proved to be associated with most malignancies. However, the underlying mechanism for increased PFKFB4 expression in bladder cancer remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that PFKFB4 was overexpressed in bladder cancer tissues. In addition, the expression of PFKFB4 elevated in bladder cancer cells in the hypoxic condition, while in nomoxic condition, the expression of PFKFB4 still very low. Furthermore, we identified the hypoxia-responsive elements (HRE)-D from five putative HREs in the promoter region of PFKFB4 and demonstrated that the HRE-D was transactivated by the HIF-1α in bladder cancer cells. By using the Double-immunofluorescence co-localization assay, we revealed that the HIF-1α expression was associated with PFKFB4 expression in human bladder cancer specimens. Altogether, our study for the first time identified the pivotal role of HIF-1α in the connection between PFKFB4 and hypoxia in bladder cancer, which may prove to be a potential target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzheng Ji
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohui He
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tianrui Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Xu J, Chen A, Xiao J, Jiang Z, Tian Y, Tang Q, Cao P, Dai Y, Krainik A, Shen J. Evaluation of tumour vascular distribution and function using immunohistochemistry and BOLD fMRI with carbogen inhalation. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:1255-1262. [PMID: 27170218 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate oxygenation changes in rat subcutaneous C6 gliomas using blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with non-haemodynamic response function (non-HRF) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS BOLD fMRI were performed during carbogen inhalation in 20 Wistar rats bearing gliomas. Statistical maps of spatial oxygenation changes were computed by a dedicated non-HRF analysis algorithm. Three types of regions of interest (ROIs) were defined: (1) maximum re-oxygenation zone (ROImax), (2) re-oxygenation zones that were less than the maximum re-oxygenation (ROInon-max), and (3) zones without significant re-oxygenation (ROInone). The values of percent BOLD signal change (PSC), percent enhancement (ΔSI), and significant re-oxygenation (T) were extracted from each ROI. Tumours were sectioned for histology using the fMRI scan orientation and were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and CD105. The number of microvessels (MVN) in each ROI was counted. Differences and correlations among the values for T, PSC, ΔSI, and MVN were determined. RESULTS After carbogen inhalation, the PSC significantly increased in the ROImax areas (p<0.01) located in the tumour parenchyma. No changes occurred in any of the ROInone areas (20/20). Some changes occurred in a minority of the ROInon-max areas (3/60) corresponding to tumour necrosis. MVN and PSC (R=0.59, p=0.01) were significantly correlated in the ROImax areas. In the ROInon-max areas, MVN was significantly correlated with PSC (R=0.55, p=0.00) and ΔSI (R=0.37, p=0.00). CONCLUSIONS Statistical maps obtained via BOLD fMRI with non-HRF analysis can assess the re-oxygenation of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - A Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - J Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Y Tian
- Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory for Radiation Oncology, Suzhou, China
| | - Q Tang
- Department of Radiology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - P Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y Dai
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute for Biomedical Research, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - A Krainik
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI, CHU Grenoble-IFR1, Grenoble, France
| | - J Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of the non-coding genome in regions of hypoxia in tumours. Such regions are frequently found in solid tumours, and are associated with worse patient survival and therapy resistance. Hypoxia stabilises the transcription factors, hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α) which coordinate transcriptomic changes that occur in hypoxia. The changes in gene expression induced by HIF1α and HIF2α contribute to many of the hallmarks of cancer phenotypes and enable tumour growth, survival and invasion in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate mRNA stability and translation, and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have diverse functions including chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, are also important in enabling the key hypoxia regulated processes. They have roles in the regulation of metabolism, angiogenesis, autophagy, invasion and metastasis in the hypoxic microenvironment. Furthermore, HIF1α and HIF2α expression and stabilisation are also regulated by both miRNAs and lncRNAs. Here we review the recent developments in the expression, regulation and functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs and other non-coding RNA classes in tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Shukla HD, Mahmood J, Vujaskovic Z. Integrated proteo-genomic approach for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sukhatme V, Bouche G, Meheus L, Sukhatme VP, Pantziarka P. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-nitroglycerin as an anti-cancer agent. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:568. [PMID: 26435741 PMCID: PMC4583240 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG), a drug that has been in clinical use for more than a century, has a range of actions which make it of particular interest in an oncological setting. It is generally accepted that the main mechanism of action of NTG is via the production of nitric oxide (NO), which improves cardiac oxygenation via multiple mechanisms including improved blood flow (vasodilation), decreased platelet aggregation, increased erythrocyte O2 release and decreased mitochondrial utilization of oxygen. Its vasoactive properties mean that it has the potential to exploit more fully the enhanced permeability and retention effect in delivering anti-cancer drugs to tumour tissues. Moreover NTG can reduce HIF-1α levels in hypoxic tumour tissues and this may have anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and anti-efflux effects. Additionally NTG may enhance anti-tumour immunity. Pre-clinical and clinical data on these anti-cancer properties of NTG are summarised and discussed. While there is evidence of a positive action as a monotherapy in prostate cancer, there are mixed results in NSCLC where initially positive results have yet to be fully replicated. Based on the evidence presented, a case is made that further exploration of the clinical benefits that may accrue to cancer patients is warranted. Additionally, it is proposed that NTG may synergise with a number of other drugs, including other repurposed drugs, and these are discussed in the supplementary material appended to this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc, Newton MA 02459, USA
- Corresponding authors
- Lead authors
| | | | - Lydie Meheus
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Vikas P Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc, Newton MA 02459, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
- Corresponding authors
- Lead authors
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37
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Interplay between receptor tyrosine kinases and hypoxia signaling in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:101-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Scanlon SE, Glazer PM. Multifaceted control of DNA repair pathways by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 32:180-189. [PMID: 25956861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, as a pervasive feature in the microenvironment of solid tumors, plays a significant role in cancer progression, metastasis, and ultimately clinical outcome. One key cellular consequence of hypoxic stress is the regulation of DNA repair pathways, which contributes to the genomic instability and mutator phenotype observed in human cancers. Tumor hypoxia can vary in severity and duration, ranging from acute fluctuating hypoxia arising from temporary blockages in the immature microvasculature, to chronic moderate hypoxia due to sparse vasculature, to complete anoxia at distances more than 150 μM from the nearest blood vessel. Paralleling the intra-tumor heterogeneity of hypoxia, the effects of hypoxia on DNA repair occur through diverse mechanisms. Acutely, hypoxia activates DNA damage signaling pathways, primarily via post-translational modifications. On a longer timescale, hypoxia leads to transcriptional and/or translational downregulation of most DNA repair pathways including DNA double-strand break repair, mismatch repair, and nucleotide excision repair. Furthermore, extended hypoxia can lead to long-term persistent silencing of certain DNA repair genes, including BRCA1 and MLH1, revealing a mechanism by which tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated. The discoveries of the hypoxic modulation of DNA repair pathways have highlighted many potential ways to target susceptibilities of hypoxic cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted hypoxic control of DNA repair at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels, and we will offer perspective on the future of its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Scanlon
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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McIntyre A, Harris AL. Metabolic and hypoxic adaptation to anti-angiogenic therapy: a target for induced essentiality. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 7:368-79. [PMID: 25700172 PMCID: PMC4403040 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy has increased the progression-free survival of many cancer patients but has had little effect on overall survival, even in colon cancer (average 6-8 weeks) due to resistance. The current licensed targeted therapies all inhibit VEGF signalling (Table 1). Many mechanisms of resistance to anti-VEGF therapy have been identified that enable cancers to bypass the angiogenic blockade. In addition, over the last decade, there has been increasing evidence for the role that the hypoxic and metabolic responses play in tumour adaptation to anti-angiogenic therapy. The hypoxic tumour response, through the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), induces major gene expression, metabolic and phenotypic changes, including increased invasion and metastasis. Pre-clinical studies combining anti-angiogenics with inhibitors of tumour hypoxic and metabolic adaptation have shown great promise, and combination clinical trials have been instigated. Understanding individual patient response and the response timing, given the opposing effects of vascular normalisation versus reduced perfusion seen with anti-angiogenics, provides a further hurdle in the paradigm of personalised therapeutic intervention. Additional approaches for targeting the hypoxic tumour microenvironment are being investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies that have potential for producing synthetic lethality in combination with anti-angiogenic therapy as a future therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McIntyre
- Hypoxia and angiogenesis Group, Department of Oncology Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Hypoxia and angiogenesis Group, Department of Oncology Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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