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Zheng Y, Xing Y, Li G, Gao J, Li R, Liu Q, Yue T. A comprehensive review of deactivation and modification of selective catalytic reaction catalysts installed in cement kilns. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:451-467. [PMID: 39095179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
After the ultralow emission transformation of coal-fired power plants, cement production became China's leading industrial emission source of nitrogen oxides. Flue gas dust contents at the outlet of cement kiln preheaters were as high as 80-100 g/m3, and the calcium oxide content in the dust exceeded 60%. Commercial V2O5(-WO3)/TiO2 catalysts suitable for coal-fired flue gas suffer from alkaline earth metal Ca poisoning of cement kiln flue gas. Recent studies have also identified the poisoning of cement kiln selective catalytic reaction (SCR) catalysts by the heavy metals lead and thallium. Investigation of the poisoning process is the primary basis for analyzing the catalytic lifetime. This review summarizes and analyzes the SCR catalytic mechanism and chronicles the research progress concerning this poisoning mechanism. Based on the catalytic and toxification mechanisms, it can be inferred that improving the anti-poisoning performance of a catalyst enhances its acidity, surface redox performance-active catalytic sites, and shell layer protection. The data provide support in guiding engineering practice and reducing operating costs of SCR plants. Finally, future research directions for SCR denitrification catalysts in the cement industry are discussed. This study provides critical support for the development and optimization of poisoning-resistant SCR denitrification catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China
| | - Tao Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing China.
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Chang C, Yan Z, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jiang M, Ruan L, Xiao M, Yu Y, He H. Design of Ca-type todorokite catalysts with highly active for the selective reduction of NO x by NH 3 at low temperatures. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:697-708. [PMID: 38135432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca-type todorokite catalysts were designed and prepared by a simple redox method and applied to the selective reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3-SCR) for the first time. Compared with the Na-type manjiroite prepared by the same method, the todorokite catalysts with different Mn/Ca ratios showed greatly improved catalytic activity for NOx reduction. Among them, Mn8Ca4 catalyst exhibited the best NH3-SCR performance, achieving 90% NOx conversion within temperature range of 70-275°C and having a high sulphur resistance. Compared to the Na-type manjiroite sample, Ca-type todorokite catalysts possessed an increased size of tunnel, resulting in a larger specific surface area. As increased the amounts of Ca doping, the Na content in Ca-type todorokite catalysts significantly decreased, providing larger amounts of Brønsted acid sites for NH3 adsorption to produce NH4+. The NH4+ species were highly active for reaction with NO + O2, playing a determining role in NH3-SCR process at low temperatures. Meanwhile, larger amounts of surface adsorbed oxygen contained over the Ca-doping samples than that over Na-type manjiroite, promoting the oxidation of NO and fast SCR processes. Over the Ca-type todorokite catalysts, furthermore, nitrates produced during the flow of NO + O2, were more active for reaction with NH3 than that over Na-type manjiroite, benefiting the occurrence of NH3-SCR process. This study provides novel insights into the design of NH3-SCR catalysts with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Chang
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zidi Yan
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhang
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Luna Ruan
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Hong He
- School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Chen S, Xie R, Liu Z, Ma L, Yan N. Efficient NO x Reduction against Alkali Poisoning over a Self-Protection Armor by Fabricating Surface Ce 2(SO 4) 3 Species: Comparison to Commercial Vanadia Catalysts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2949-2957. [PMID: 36751011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resolving severe deactivation by alkali metals for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) is challenging. Herein, surface Ce2(SO4)3 species as a self-protection armor originally exhibited antipoisoning of potassium over ceria-based catalysts. The self-protection armor was also effective for other alkali (Na), alkali-earth (Ca), and heavy (Pb) metals, considerably resolving the deactivation of ceria-based SCR catalysts in practical applications. The catalytic activity tests indicated that the presence of ∼0.8 wt % potassium did not deactivate sulfated CeO2 catalysts, yet commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts almost lost the NOx conversions. Potassium preferably bonded with surface sulfates to form K2SO4 accompanied with the majority of surface Ce2(SO4)3 over sulfated CeO2 catalysts, but preferably coupled with active vanadia to generate inactive KVO3 species over V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts. Such an active Ce2(SO4)3 species facilitated the adsorption and reactivity of NH3 and NOx, enabling ceria catalysts to maintain high catalytic efficiency in the presence of potassium. Conversely, the introduction of potassium into V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts caused a considerable loss of surface acidity, hindering catalyst reactivity during the SCR reaction. The self-protection armor of Ce2(SO4)3 species may open a promising pathway to develop efficient ceria-based SCR catalysts with strong antipoisoning ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Renyi Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhisong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Naiqiang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Qian X, Ao W, Ding H, Wang X, Sun S. A Review on Resource Utilization of Spent V-W-Ti Based Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7984. [PMID: 36431471 PMCID: PMC9692313 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To address the environmental pollution caused by nitrogen oxides, V2O5-WO3/TiO2 is widely used as a catalyst based on selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology. However, spent SCR catalysts pose a potential hazard to the environment due to the presence of heavy metals. This problem continues to plague countries with predominantly thermal power generation, and landfills as the dominant disposal method wastes significant metal resources. Previous research into the recovery of these metal resources has received considerable attention. Here, we summarise the methods of recovery and find that research trends are beginning to move towards improving the added value of recovered products. One very promising application is photocatalysts; however, the atomic efficiency of current methods is not satisfactory. Therefore, this review first focuses on the regeneration of spent SCR catalysts and the processes used for elemental extraction to clarify what forms of V, W and Ti can be obtained from existing processes. This is followed by providing directions for the conversion of spent SCR catalysts into photocatalysts with improvements based on such processes. From a different perspective, this also provides a new resource for photocatalysts and is expected to significantly reduce the cost of photocatalyst production.
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Xie X, Peng J, Zhao S, Wang L, Ge R, Wu S, Mai Y, Zeng K, Sun Z. DeNO x Characteristics of Commercial SCR Catalyst Regenerated On-Line by Dry Ice Blasting in a Coal-Fired Power Plant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Xie
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Junlin Peng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shilin Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Linwei Wang
- Huaibei Shenwan Power Generation Co., Ltd., Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Runqi Ge
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yu Mai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Kehui Zeng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Feng S, Li Z, Shen B, Yuan P, Ma J, Wang Z, Kong W. An overview of the deactivation mechanism and modification methods of the SCR catalysts for denitration from marine engine exhaust. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115457. [PMID: 35751261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is currently the most effective deNOx technology and has broad application prospects. Moreover, there is a large NOx content in marine engine exhaust. However, the marine engine SCR catalyst will be affected by heavy metals, SO2, H2O(g), hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust, which will hinder the removal of NOx via SCR. Furthermore, due to the high loading operation of the marine engine and the regeneration of the diesel particulate filter (DPF), the exhaust temperature of the engine may exceed 600 °C, which leads to sintering of the SCR catalysts. Therefore, the development of new catalysts with good tolerances to the above emissions and process parameters is of great significance for further reducing NOx from marine engines. In this work, we first elaborate on the mechanism of the SCR catalyst poisoning caused by marine engine emissions, as well as the working mechanism of SCR catalysts affected by the engine exhaust temperature. Second, we also summarize the current technologies for improving the properties of SCR catalysts with the aim of enhancing the resistance and stability under complex working conditions. Finally, the challenges and perspectives associated with the performance optimization and technology popularization of marine SCR systems are discussed and proposed further. Consequently, this review may provide a valuable reference and inspiration for the development of catalysts and improvement in the denitration ability of SCR systems matched with marine engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Feng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Peng Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
| | - Jiao Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Lin D, Zhang L, Liu Z, Wang B, Han Y. Progress of selective catalytic reduction denitrification catalysts at wide temperature in carbon neutralization. Front Chem 2022; 10:946133. [PMID: 36059869 PMCID: PMC9428681 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.946133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the looming goal of carbon neutrality and increasingly stringent environmental protection policies, gas purification in coal-fired power plants is becoming more and more intense. To achieve the NOx emission standard when coal-fired power plants are operating at full load, wide-temperature denitrification catalysts that can operate for a long time in the range of 260–420°C are worthy of study. This review focuses on the research progress and deactivation mechanism of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration catalysts applied to a wide temperature range. With the increasing application of SCR catalysts, it also means that a large amount of spent catalysts is generated every year due to deactivation. Therefore, it is necessary to recycle the wide temperature SCR denitration catalyst. The challenges faced by wide-temperature SCR denitration catalysts are summarized by comparing their regeneration processes. Finally, its future development is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehai Lin
- National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy, Beijing, China
- College of Chemical Esngineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Dehai Lin,
| | - Longhui Zhang
- National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Liu
- National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Han
- College of Chemical Esngineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Feature Papers to Celebrate “Environmental Catalysis”—Trends & Outlook. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue collects three reviews, eight articles, and two communications related to the design of catalysts for environmental applications, such as the transformation of several pollutants into harmless or valuable products [...]
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Alkali poisoning of Fe-Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Superior resistance to alkali metal potassium of vanadium-based NH3-SCR catalyst promoted by the solid superacid SO42--TiO2. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guo RT, Qin B, Wei LG, Yin TY, Zhou J, Pan WG. Recent progress of low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over manganese oxide-based catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6363-6382. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05557g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction with NH3 (NH3−SCR) was the most efficient approach to mitigate the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Although the conventional manganese oxide-based catalyst had gradually become a kind...
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Gao E, Feng W, Huang B, Zhu J, Wang W, Li J, He Y. The enhanced resistance to Na+-poisoning of MnCoCrOx SCR catalyst by acidity regulation: The mechanism of sulfuric acid pretreatment. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhao J, Wei Q, Wang S, Ren X. Progress of ship exhaust gas control technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149437. [PMID: 34375870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ship emissions problems caused by the rapid development of maritime trade can't be ignored. The NOX, SOX, CO2, PM and other toxic substances contained in the exhaust gas are extremely harmful to the environment and human health. In order to cope with the adverse effects of ship emissions and the increasingly stringent emission regulations formulated by the IMO and governments, the shipping industry needs to adopt new clean energy and high-efficiency exhaust control technologies to reduce ship emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review, including: (1) The impact of pollutants such as NOX, SOX, CO2 and PM emitted by ships on the environment and human health; (2) New regulations about ship exhaust emissions; (3) Application of clean energy such as LNG, biodiesel, methanol, hydrogen and ammonia on ships; (4) After-treatment technology of ship exhaust gas such as SCR and EGR. And focusing on the principles, uses, characteristics, implementation obstacles and prospects of different energy and technologies, with a view to provide some help for the research on ship exhaust emissions control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Institute of Shipping Oil Residue and Oily Sewage Clean Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Qifeng Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Institute of Shipping Oil Residue and Oily Sewage Clean Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Institute of Shipping Oil Residue and Oily Sewage Clean Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiulian Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China; Shandong Institute of Shipbuilding Technology, Institute of Shipping Oil Residue and Oily Sewage Clean Technology, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China.
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