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Burg A, Yadav KK, Meyerstein D, Kornweitz H, Shamir D, Albo Y. Effect of Sol-Gel Silica Matrices on the Chemical Properties of Adsorbed/Entrapped Compounds. Gels 2024; 10:441. [PMID: 39057464 PMCID: PMC11276444 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The sol-gel process enables the preparation of silica-based matrices with tailored composition and properties that can be used in a variety of applications, including catalysis, controlled release, sensors, separation, etc. Commonly, it is assumed that silica matrices prepared via the sol-gel synthesis route are "inert" and, therefore, do not affect the properties of the substrate or the catalyst. This short review points out that porous silica affects the properties of adsorbed/entrapped species and, in some cases, takes an active part in the reactions. The charged matrix affects the diffusion of ions, thus affecting catalytic and adsorption processes. Furthermore, recent results point out that ≡Si-O. radicals are long-lived and participate in redox processes. Thus, clearly, porous silica is not an inert matrix as commonly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Burg
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel; (A.B.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Krishna K. Yadav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel; (A.B.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Department and The Radical Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Chemical Sciences Department and The Radical Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Dror Shamir
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva 9001, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Department and The Radical Research Center, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Tang W, Liu Y, Jin Y, Wang Y, Shi W, Ma P, Niu J, Wang J. Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline by an Intriguing {Ru(C 6H 6)}-Based Heteropolytungstate. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6260-6267. [PMID: 38517738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we have successfully synthesized a structurally novel heteropolytungstate via coordination of four {Ru(C6H6)} and trivacant {TeW9O33} clusters, formulated as Cs4Na2H2[Te2W20O72(H2O){(C6H6)Ru}4]·12H2O (1). Compound 1 inherited the strong absorption of [Ru(C6H6)Cl2]2 in the visible region and {TeW9O33} in the UV region, providing a good basis for photocatalysis. As expected, compound 1 showed good photocatalytic activity in the visible-light-driven reduction of nitrobenzene using N2H4·H2O as a reductant with a yield of 99.8%, a high turnover number (TON = 330), and a high turnover frequency (TOF = 24 h-1). The cyclic experiment of nitrobenzene reduction indicated that compound 1 was an effective and stable heterogeneous catalyst. Finally, the nitrobenzene reduction pathway was affirmed using condensation with azobenzene as a reaction intermediate based on control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Puyang Institute of Technology, Henan University, Puyang, Henan 457000, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Weixia Shi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pengtao Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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Cohen N, Shamir D, Kornweitz H, Albo Y, Burg A. Dual Role of Silicon-based Matrices in Electron Exchange Matrices for Waste Treatment. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300130. [PMID: 37497826 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Para chloro aniline (PCA) is a common toxic pollutant found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Our study suggests a novel PCA treatment method based on a heterogeneous advanced oxidation process (AOP) that proceeds in an electron exchange matrix (EEM) prepared by the incorporation of redox-active specie in silica matrices using the sol-gel synthesis route. The results, which are supported by DFT calculations, show that the silicon skeleton of the EEM has two important roles, both as a porous matrix that hosts the redox species and as an oxidant species involved in the AOP. The calculations indicate that the formation of a radical on the nitrogen is favored. The suggested mechanism could shed light on the AOP, which proceeds in a heterogenous system, and on its application inside the understudied EEMs that, until now, have been a virtual black box. A better understanding of the mechanism could lead to improved control over the heterogeneous processes that can play a critical role in industries with the need to treat small amounts of toxic compounds at low concentrations, such as in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Shamir
- Analytical Chemistry Department, NRCN, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haya Kornweitz
- Chemical Sciences Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yael Albo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ariela Burg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Ciriminna R, Pagliaro M. Shape and Stability Matter: Enhanced Catalytic Reactions via Sol-gel-Entrapped Catalysts. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:5. [PMID: 36542195 PMCID: PMC9768397 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to tune the solid catalyst morphology and the unique chemical and physical stability of organosilica-entrapped sol-gel catalysts allow the application of these catalysts to the synthesis of a wide variety of valued molecules, including polymers, manufactured by the fine-chemical industry. Referring to selected independent research achievements, we provide a practice oriented insight on these materials that will hopefully be useful in new, unified catalysis education aimed to foster the uptake of heterogeneous catalysis in the fine and specialty chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto Per Lo Studio Dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto Per Lo Studio Dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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Jiao J, Sun H, Si C, Xu J, Zhang T, Han Q. Photocatalytic Multielectron Reduction of Nitroarenes to Anilines by Utilizing an Electron-Storable Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Framework. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16386-16393. [PMID: 35352554 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A powerful approach to generate photocatalysts for the highly selective reduction of nitrobenzene using light as the driving force is a combination of photosensitizers and electron-storable components in a cooperative photocatalysis fashion. Herein, a new precious metal-free photocatalyst, {ZnW-TPT}, was prepared by incorporating a Zn-substituted monovacant Keggin polyanion [SiZnW11O39]6- and a photoactive organic bridging link 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) into a framework. In this structure, the direct coordination bond between [SiZnW11O39]6- and the TPT ligand and the π-π interactions between TPT molecules help separate and migrate photogenerated carriers, which improves the photocatalytic activity of {ZnW-TPT}. The photoelectrochemical properties of {ZnW-TPT} were well studied by solid UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, transient photocurrent response, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. {ZnW-TPT} efficiently converts using hydrazine hydrate with 99% conversion and 99% selectivity for anilines under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Jiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Institute of Technology, Henan Kaifeng College of Science Technology and Communication, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chen Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Crystal Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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Antibacterial Activity of Rose Bengal Entrapped in Organically Modified Silica Matrices. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073716. [PMID: 35409076 PMCID: PMC8998763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) are known as powerful antibacterial agents that are activated by direct exposure to visible light. PSs can be noncovalently entrapped into the silica gel network for their controlled release into a contaminated area. The immobilization of PS-containing gel matrices on a polymer support expands their possible applications, such as antibacterial surfaces and coatings, which can be used for the disinfection of liquids. In the current study, we report the use of Rose Bengal (RB) incorporated into organically modified silica matrices (RB@ORMOSIL matrices) by the sol-gel technique. The RB matrices exhibit high activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under illumination by white light. The amount and timing of solidifier addition to the matrix affected the interaction of the latter with the RB, which in turn could affect the antibacterial activity of RB. The most active specimen against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells was the RB6@ORMOSIL matrix immobilized on a linear low-density polyethylene surface, which was prepared by an easy, cost-effective, and simple thermal adhesion method. This specimen, RB6@OR@LLDPE, showed the low release of RB in an aqueous environment, and exhibited high long-term antibacterial activity in at least 14 rounds of recycled use against S. aureus and in 11 rounds against E. coli.
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