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Ewuzie RN, Genza JR, Abdullah AZ. Review of the application of bimetallic catalysts coupled with internal hydrogen donor for catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenolic fine chemicals. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131084. [PMID: 38521312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass contains lignin, an aromatic and oxygenated substance and a potential method for lignin utilization is achieved through catalytic conversion into useful phenolic and aromatic monomers. The application of monometallic catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis reaction remains one of the major reasons for the underutilization of lignin to produce valuable chemicals. Monometallic catalysts have many limitations such as limited catalytic sites for interacting with different lignin linkages, poor catalytic activity, low lignin conversion, and low product selectivity. It is due to lack of synergy with other metallic catalysts that can enhance the catalytic activity, stability, selectivity, and overall catalytic performance. To overcome these limitations, works on the application of bimetallic catalysts that can offer higher activity, selectivity, and stability have been initiated. In this review, cutting-edge insights into the catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin, focusing on the production of phenolic and aromatic monomers using bimetallic catalysts within an internal hydrogen donor solvent are discussed. The contribution of this work lies in a critical discussion of recent reported findings, in-depth analyses of reaction mechanisms, optimal conditions, and emerging trends in lignin catalytic hydrogenolysis. The specific effects of catalytic active components on the reaction outcomes are also explored. Additionally, this review extends beyond current knowledge, offering forward-looking suggestions for utilizing lignin as a raw material in the production of valuable products across various industrial processes. This work not only consolidates existing knowledge but also introduces novel perspectives, paving the way for future advancements in lignin utilization and catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackson Robinson Genza
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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2
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Ortiz-Hernández M, Salazar-Pereda V, Mendoza-Espinosa D, Gomez-Bonilla MA, Cristobal C, Ortega-Alfaro MC, Suárez A, Sandoval-Chavez CI. CH bond activation in aromatic ketones mediated by iridium-tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37997796 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02849f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of complex [TpMe2Ir(η4-CH2C(Me)C(Me)C2)] (1) with a series of aromatic ketones at 130 °C renders, by means of a selective ortho-CH activation, Ir(III)-metallacycles 2-5, which display an Ir-H bond. When [TpMe2Ir(C6H5)2N2] (6) is treated with 2-(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone and 2-fluoroacetophenone at 80 °C, the formation of dimeric (7) and trimeric architectures (8) is achieved through the meta- and para-CH activation of the aromatic ketone, respectively. The generation of complexes 2-5 is proposed to occur by the initial formation of Ir(III) η1-ketone adducts as key intermediates, followed by aromatic CH activations and the release of a butadiene ligand. The formation of complexes 7 and 8 involves an assisted process in which a metal center activation of the less sterically hindered C-H bond of the aromatic ketone takes place (releasing a benzene molecule), followed by the coordination of the carbonyl group, which generates the respective dimeric and trimeric structures. Complexes 7 and 8 are efficient catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes using isopropanol as the hydrogen source. All complexes have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, elemental analysis and, in the cases of 7 and 8, X-ray crystallography. Details of the reaction conditions, isolation of the products, and proposals for the pathways of formation of complexes 2-5 and 7-8 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ortiz-Hernández
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42090, Mexico.
| | - V Salazar-Pereda
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42090, Mexico.
| | - D Mendoza-Espinosa
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42090, Mexico.
| | - M A Gomez-Bonilla
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42090, Mexico.
| | - C Cristobal
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Noria Alta, Guanajuato, 36050, Mexico
| | - M C Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cuidad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico
| | - A Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - C I Sandoval-Chavez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cuidad Universitaria, Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico
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Ti/Zr/O Mixed Oxides for the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural to GVL in a Liquid-Phase Continuous-Flow Reactor. CHEMENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to develop an efficient catalyst for the cascade reaction from furfural to γ-valerolactone in a liquid-phase continuous reactor. This process requires both Lewis and Brønsted acidity; hence, a bifunctional catalyst is necessary to complete the one-pot reaction. Ti/Zr/O mixed oxide-based catalysts were chosen to this end as balancing metal oxide composition allows the acidity characteristics of the overall material to be modulated. Oxides with different compositions were then synthesized using the co-precipitation method. After characterization via porosimetry and NH3-TPD, the catalyst with equimolar quantities of the two components was demonstrated to be the best one in terms of superficial area (279 m2/g) and acid site density (0.67 mmol/g). The synthesized materials were then tested using a plug flow reactor at 180 °C, with a 10 min contact time. Ti/Zr/O (1:1) was demonstrated to be the most promising catalyst during the recycling tests as it allowed obtaining the highest selectivities in the desired products (about 45% in furfuryl isopropyl ether and 20% in γ-valerolactone) contemporaneously with 100% furfural conversion.
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4
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Li X, Wang GW, Liu LX, Yu CB, Zhou YG. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Triflates for Construction of Axially Chiral Biaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301337. [PMID: 36802127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the first palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenolysis of readily available aryl triflates via desymmetrization and kinetic resolution for facile construction of axially chiral biaryl scaffolds with excellent enantioselectivities and s selectivity factors. The axially chiral monophosphine ligands could be prepared from these chiral biaryl compounds and were further applied to palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation with excellent ee values and high branched and linear ratio, which demonstrated the potential utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, P. R. China
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5
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Guo H, Zhao Y, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Inhibitor formation and detoxification during lignocellulose biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127666. [PMID: 35878776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For lignocellulose biorefinery, pretreatment is needed to maximize the cellulose accessibility, frequently generating excess inhibitory substances to decline the efficiency of the subsequent fermentation processes. This mini-review updates the current research efforts to detoxify the adverse impacts of generated inhibitors on the performance of biomass biorefinery. The lignocellulose pretreatment processes are first reviewed. The generation of inhibitors, furans, furfural, phenols, formic acid, and acetic acid, from the lignocellulose, with their action mechanisms, are listed. Then the detoxification processes are reviewed, from which the biological detoxification processes are noted as promising and worth further study. The challenges and prospects for applying biological detoxification in lignocellulose biorefinery are outlined. Integrated studies considering the entire biorefinery should be performed on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li 32003, Taiwan.
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CuAl2O4–CuO–Al2O3 catalysts prepared by flame-spray pyrolysis for glycerol hydrogenolysis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Panyadee R, Saengsrichan A, Posoknistakul P, Laosiripojana N, Ratchahat S, Matsagar BM, Wu KCW, Sakdaronnarong C. Lignin-Derived Syringol and Acetosyringone from Palm Bunch Using Heterogeneous Oxidative Depolymerization over Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts under Microwave Heating. Molecules 2021; 26:7444. [PMID: 34946525 PMCID: PMC8707958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass valorization to building block chemicals in food and pharmaceutical industries has tremendously gained attention. To produce monophenolic compounds from palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), EFB was subjected to alkaline hydrothermal extraction using NaOH or K2CO3 as a promotor. Subsequently, EFB-derived lignin was subjected to an oxidative depolymerization using Cu(II) and Fe(III) mixed metal oxides catalyst supported on γ-Al2O3 or SiO2 as the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The highest percentage of total phenolic compounds of 63.87 wt% was obtained from microwave-induced oxidative degradation of K2CO3 extracted lignin catalyzed by Cu-Fe/SiO2 catalyst. Main products from the aforementioned condition included 27.29 wt% of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 19.21 wt% of syringol, 9.36 wt% of acetosyringone, 3.69 wt% of acetovanillone, 2.16 wt% of syringaldehyde, and 2.16 wt% of vanillin. Although the total phenolic compound from Cu-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst was lower (49.52 wt%) compared with that from Cu-Fe/SiO2 catalyst (63.87 wt%), Cu-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst provided the greater selectivity of main two value-added products, syringol and acetosyrigone, at 54.64% and 23.65%, respectively (78.29% total selectivity of two products) from the NaOH extracted lignin. The findings suggested a promising method for syringol and acetosyringone production from the oxidative heterogeneous lignin depolymerization under low power intensity microwave heating within a short reaction time of 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangsalid Panyadee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 999 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (R.P.); (A.S.); (P.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Aphinan Saengsrichan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 999 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (R.P.); (A.S.); (P.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Pattaraporn Posoknistakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 999 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (R.P.); (A.S.); (P.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mot, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;
| | - Sakhon Ratchahat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 999 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (R.P.); (A.S.); (P.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Babasaheb M. Matsagar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (B.M.M.); (K.C.-W.W.)
| | - Kevin C.-W. Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (B.M.M.); (K.C.-W.W.)
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chularat Sakdaronnarong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 999 Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (R.P.); (A.S.); (P.P.); (S.R.)
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8
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Banwell MG, Pollard B, Liu X, Connal LA. Exploiting Nature's Most Abundant Polymers: Developing New Pathways for the Conversion of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Chitin into Platform Molecules (and Beyond). Chem Asian J 2021; 16:604-620. [PMID: 33463003 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The four most prominent forms of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and chitin. In efforts to develop sustainable sources of platform molecules there has been an increasing focus on examining how these biopolymers could be exploited as feedstocks that support the chemical supply chain, including in the production of fine chemicals. Many different approaches are possible and some of the ones being developed in the authors' laboratories are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou/Zhuhai, 510632/519070, P. R. China.,Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brett Pollard
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Luke A Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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9
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Xu C, Paone E, Rodríguez-Padrón D, Luque R, Mauriello F. Recent catalytic routes for the preparation and the upgrading of biomass derived furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 49:4273-4306. [PMID: 32453311 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Furans represent one of the most important classes of intermediates in the conversion of non-edible lignocellulosic biomass into bio-based chemicals and fuels. At present, bio-furan derivatives are generally obtained from cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of biomass via the acid-catalyzed dehydration of their relative C6-C5 sugars and then converted into a wide range of products. Furfural (FUR) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are surely the most used furan-based feedstocks since their chemical structure allows the preparation of various high-value-added chemicals. Among several well-established catalytic approaches, hydrogenation and oxygenation processes have been efficiently adopted for upgrading furans; however, harsh reaction conditions are generally required. In this review, we aim to discuss the conversion of biomass derived FUR and HMF through unconventional (transfer hydrogenation, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic) catalytic processes promoted by heterogeneous catalytic systems. The reaction conditions adopted, the chemical nature and the physico-chemical properties of the most employed heterogeneous systems in enhancing the catalytic activity and in driving the selectivity to desired products are presented and compared. At the same time, the latest results in the production of FUR and HMF through novel environmental friendly processes starting from lignocellulose as well as from wastes and by-products obtained in the processing of biomass are also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road 5, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - E Paone
- Dipartimento DICEAM, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy. and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - D Rodríguez-Padrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - R Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain. and Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - F Mauriello
- Dipartimento DICEAM, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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10
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Abstract
Catalytic hydrotreatment (HT) is one of the most important refining steps in the actual petroleum-based refineries for the production of fuels and chemicals, and it will play also a crucial role for the development of biomass-based refineries. In fact, the utilization of HT processes for the upgrading of biomass and/or lignocellulosic residues aimed to the production of synthetic fuels and chemical intermediates represents a reliable strategy to reduce both carbon dioxide emissions and fossil fuels dependence. At this regard, the catalytic hydrotreatment of oils obtained from either thermochemical (e.g., pyrolysis) or physical (e.g., vegetable seeds pressing) processes allows to convert biomass-derived oils into a biofuel with properties very similar to conventional ones (so-called drop-in biofuels). Similarly, catalytic hydro-processing also may have a key role in the valorization of other biorefinery streams, such as lignocellulose, for the production of high-added value chemicals. This review is focused on recent hydrotreatment developments aimed to stabilizing the pyrolytic oil from biomasses. A particular emphasis is devoted on the catalyst formulation, reaction pathways, and technologies.
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11
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Hot Research Topics in the Biomass Catalysis Section of the Catalysts Journal in 2018 and 2019. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers have contributed to the “Biomass Catalysis” section of the journal Catalysts (MDPI) [...]
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12
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Zheng Y, Zhang R, Zhang L, Gu Q, Qiao Z. A Resol‐Assisted Cationic Coordinative Co‐assembly Approach to Mesoporous ABO
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Perovskite Oxides with Rich Oxygen Vacancy for Enhanced Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4774-4781. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuenan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron ANSTO 800 Blackburn Rd Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Zhen‐An Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
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13
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Zheng Y, Zhang R, Zhang L, Gu Q, Qiao Z. A Resol‐Assisted Cationic Coordinative Co‐assembly Approach to Mesoporous ABO
3
Perovskite Oxides with Rich Oxygen Vacancy for Enhanced Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuenan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Qinfen Gu
- Australian Synchrotron ANSTO 800 Blackburn Rd Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Zhen‐An Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
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15
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Shivhare A, Kumar A, Srivastava R. An Account of the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Carbohydrate‐Derived Renewable Platform Chemicals over Non‐Precious Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atal Shivhare
- Catalysis Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry IIT Ropar Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Catalysis Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry IIT Ropar Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
| | - Rajendra Srivastava
- Catalysis Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry IIT Ropar Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India
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16
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Mauriello F, Ariga-Miwa H, Paone E, Pietropaolo R, Takakusagi S, Asakura K. Transfer hydrogenolysis of aromatic ethers promoted by the bimetallic Pd/Co catalyst. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Kumaniaev I, Subbotina E, Galkin MV, Srifa P, Monti S, Mongkolpichayarak I, Tungasmita DN, Samec JSM. A combination of experimental and computational methods to study the reactions during a Lignin-First approach. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Current pulping technologies only valorize the cellulosic fiber giving total yields from biomass below 50 %. Catalytic fractionation enables valorization of both cellulose, lignin, and, optionally, also the hemicellulose. The process consists of two operations occurring in one pot: (1) solvolysis to separate lignin and hemicellulose from cellulose, and (2) transition metal catalyzed reactions to depolymerize lignin and to stabilized monophenolic products. In this article, new insights into the roles of the solvolysis step as well as the operation of the transition metal catalyst are given. By separating the solvolysis and transition metal catalyzed hydrogen transfer reactions in space and time by applying a flow-through set-up, we have been able to study the solvolysis and transition metal catalyzed reactions separately. Interestingly, the solvolysis generates a high amount of monophenolic compounds by pealing off the end groups from the lignin polymer and the main role of the transition metal catalyst is to stabilize these monomers by transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions. The experimental data from the transition metal catalyzed transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions was supported by molecular dynamics simulations using ReaXFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kumaniaev
- Stockholm University , Organic Chemistry , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Elena Subbotina
- Stockholm University , Organic Chemistry , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Maxim V. Galkin
- Stockholm University , Organic Chemistry , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Pemikar Srifa
- Stockholm University , Organic Chemistry , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Susanna Monti
- University of Pisa , Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematical Physics , Pisa, Toscana , Italy
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18
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Zhao C, Huang C, Chen Q, Ingram IDV, Zeng X, Ren T, Xie H. Sustainable Aromatic Aliphatic Polyesters and Polyurethanes Prepared from Vanillin-Derived Diols via Green Catalysis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E586. [PMID: 32150892 PMCID: PMC7182816 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and preparation of polymers by using biobased chemicals is regarded as an important strategy towards a sustainable polymer chemistry. Herein, two aromatic diols, 4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenol and 2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy)ethanol, have been prepared in good yields through the direct reduction of vanillin and hydroxyethylated vanillin (4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) using NaBH4, respectively. The diols were submitted to traditional polycondensation and polyaddition with acyl chlorides and diisocyanatos, and serials of new polyesters and polyurethanes were prepared in high yields with moderate molecular weight ranging from 17,000 to 40,000 g mol-1. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FTIR, and their thermal properties were studied by TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), indicating that the as-prepared polyesters and polyurethanes have Tg in the range of 16.2 to 81.2 °C and 11.6 to 80.4 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Zhao
- Department of Polymer Materials &Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China (Q.C.)
| | - Caijuan Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials &Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China (Q.C.)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials &Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China (Q.C.)
| | - Ian D. V. Ingram
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5DG, UK;
| | - Xiankui Zeng
- Department of Polymer Materials &Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China (Q.C.)
| | - Tianhua Ren
- Department of Polymer Materials &Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China (Q.C.)
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Polymer Materials &Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, West Campus, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China (Q.C.)
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19
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Synthesis of Furfuryl Alcohol from Furfural: A Comparison between Batch and Continuous Flow Reactors. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Furfural is a platform molecule obtained from hemicellulose. Among the products that can be produced from furfural, furfuryl alcohol is one of the most extensively studied. It is synthesized at an industrial scale in the presence of CuCr catalyst, but this process suffers from an environmental negative impact. Here, we demonstrate that a non-noble metal catalyst (Co/SiO2) was active (100% conversion of furfural) and selective (100% selectivity to furfuryl alcohol) in the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol at 150 °C under 20 bar of hydrogen. This catalyst was recyclable up to 3 cycles, and then the activity decreased. Thus, a comparison between batch and continuous flow reactors shows that changing the reactor type helps to increase the stability of the catalyst and the space-time yield. This study shows that using a continuous flow reactor can be a solution to the catalyst suffering from a lack of stability in the batch process.
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20
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Wong SS, Shu R, Zhang J, Liu H, Yan N. Downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5510-5560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides critical analysis on various downstream processes to convert lignin derived feedstock into fuels, chemicals and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sie Shing Wong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| | - Riyang Shu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter
- School of Materials and Energy
| | - Jiaguang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane
- Lincoln
- UK
| | - Haichao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - Ning Yan
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University
- International Campus of Tianjin University
- Fuzhou 350207
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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21
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Pd/Fe3O4 Nanofibers for the Catalytic Conversion of Lignin-Derived Benzyl Phenyl Ether under Transfer Hydrogenolysis Conditions. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel magnetite-supported palladium catalysts, in the form of nanofiber materials, were prepared by using the electrospinning process. Two different synthetic techniques were used to add palladium to the nanofibers: (i) the wet impregnation of palladium on the Fe3O4 electrospun support forming the Pd/Fe3O4[wnf] catalyst or (ii) the direct co-electrospinning of a solution containing both metal precursor specimens leading to a Pd/Fe3O4[cnf] sample. The obtained Pd-based Fe3O4 nanofibers were tested in the transfer hydrogenolysis of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE), one of the simplest lignin-derived aromatic ethers, by using 2-propanol as H-donor/solvent, and their performances were compared with the analogous impregnated Pd/Fe3O4 catalyst and a commercial Pd/C. A morphological and structural characterization of the investigated catalysts was performed by means of SEM-EDX, TGA-DSC, XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, and N2 isotherm at 77 K analysis. Pd/Fe3O4[wnf] was found to be the best catalytic system allowing a complete BPE conversion after 360 min at 240 °C and a good reusability in up to six consecutive recycling tests.
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22
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A Short Overview on the Hydrogen Production Via Aqueous Phase Reforming (APR) of Cellulose, C6-C5 Sugars and Polyols. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lignocellulosic biomasses for the production of renewable hydrogen is surely among the hot-topic research tasks. In this review, we report on the recent advances in the catalytic conversion of cellulose and its derived C6-C5 sugars (glucose, fructose, and xylose) and polyols (sorbitol and xylitol) into hydrogen via aqueous phase reforming (APR) reactions. The APR processes are considered to be new sustainable catalytic routes for converting the carbohydrate fraction of biomasses into hydrogen at milder reaction conditions if compared with the traditional reforming reactions. Particular emphasis is given to the development of new and active catalysts and to the optimization of reaction conditions that aimed to maximize hydrogen production with a low concentration of CO avoiding, at the same time, the formation of alkanes.
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23
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Highly Active CuFeAl-containing Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CuFe-containing catalysts with different copper oxide content were prepared by fusion of metal salts. The obtained catalyst showed high activity in the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (FA) in the batch reactor in the presence of isopropanol as a solvent at a temperature of 100 °C and a hydrogen pressure of 6.0 MPa. The yield of FA and furfural conversion are 97% and 98%, respectively. In the solvent-free reaction in the flow-type reactor; the most active catalyst Cu20Fe66Al14 leads to the 96% formation of FA with 100% conversion of furfural at liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) = 1 h−1; 160 °C and a hydrogen pressure of 5.0 MPa during 30 h. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, the active component of the spent and fresh Cu20Fe66Al14 catalyst is the same and is represented by metallic copper and Fe3O4-type spinel. Using different methods, the formation of active sites was investigated.
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24
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C-O Bond Hydrogenolysis of Aqueous Mixtures of Sugar Polyols and Sugars over ReOx-Rh/ZrO2 Catalyst: Application to an Hemicelluloses Extracted Liquor. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery and upgrade of hemicelluloses, a family of heteropolysaccharides in wood, is a key step to making lignocellulosic biomass conversion a cost-effective sustainable process in biorefinery. The comparative selective catalytic C-O bond hydrogenolysis of C5-C6 polyols, sugars, and their mixtures for the production of valuable C6 and C5 deoxygenated products was studied at 200 °C under 80 bar H2 over ReOx-Rh/ZrO2 catalysts. The sugars were rapidly converted to the polyols or converted into their hydrogenolysis products. Regardless of the reactants, C-O bond cleavage occurred significantly via multiple consecutive deoxygenation steps and led to the formation of linear deoxygenated C6 or C5 polyols. The distribution of products depended on the nature of the substrate and C-C bond scission was more important from monosaccharides. In addition, we demonstrated effective hydrogenolysis of a hemicellulose-extracted liquor from delignified maritime pine containing monosaccharides and low MW oligomers. Compared with the sugar-derived polyols, the mono- and oligosaccharides in the liquor were more rapidly converted to hexanediols or pentanediols. C-O bond scission was significant, giving a yield of desired deoxygenated products as high as 65%, higher than in the reaction of the synthetic mixture of glucose/xylose of the same C6/C5 sugar ratio (yield of 30%).
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25
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Abstract
Industrial chemistry is changing its fossil distinctiveness into a new green identity by using renewable resources [...]
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26
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Sawama Y, Ban K, Akutsu-Suyama K, Nakata H, Mori M, Yamada T, Kawajiri T, Yasukawa N, Park K, Monguchi Y, Takagi Y, Yoshimura M, Sajiki H. Birch-Type Reduction of Arenes in 2-Propanol Catalyzed by Zero-Valent Iron and Platinum on Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11522-11531. [PMID: 31460258 PMCID: PMC6682079 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic arene reduction was effectively realized by heating in 2-propanol/water in the presence of Pt on carbon (Pt/C) and metallic Fe. 2-Propanol acted as a hydrogen source, obviating the need for flammable (and hence, dangerous and hard-to-handle) hydrogen gas, while metallic Fe acted as an essential co-catalyst to promote reduction. The chemical states of Pt and Fe in the reaction mixture were determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis, and the obtained results were used to suggest a plausible reaction mechanism, implying that catalytic reduction involved Pt- and Fe-mediated single-electron transfer and the dehydrogenation of 2-propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ban
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Akutsu-Suyama
- Neutron
Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive
Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai-Mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Misato Mori
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamada
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawajiri
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Naoki Yasukawa
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kwihwan Park
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yasunari Monguchi
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yukio Takagi
- Catalyst
Development Center, N. E. Chemcat Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshimura
- Catalyst
Development Center, N. E. Chemcat Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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27
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Hu J, Zhang S, Xiao R, Jiang X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Lu P. Catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin into monophenols over platinum-rhenium supported on titanium dioxide using isopropanol as in situ hydrogen source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 279:228-233. [PMID: 30735932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using isopropanol as an in situ hydrogen donor, catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin into monomeric phenols was studied at mild conditions. The performance of catalysts and the effects of H2, temperature, and time on depolymerization of acid extracted birch lignin (ABL) were extensively examined. Platinum-rhenium supported on titanium dioxide (PtRe/TiO2) exhibited much higher activity on disrupting CO bonds than Pd/C, HZSM-5, Pt/TiO2, and Re/TiO2. 18.71 wt% monophenols was achieved for depolymerization of ABL over PtRe/TiO2 at 240 °C for 12 h with He. 4-Propylsyringol had the highest yield of 7.48 wt%. 2D HSQC NMR analysis reveals that β-O-4 bonds have been fully disrupted during depolymerization. Addition of H2 led to less monophenols, likely due to the competitive adsorption of active sites on catalysts. Structure-reactivity analysis based on six representative lignins shows that the total yields of monophenols were highly linearly correlated with the β-O-4 contents (R2 = 0.97).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yahui Sun
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Engineering Laboratory for Energy System Process Conversion & Emission Control Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210042, China
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28
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Tuning Catalytic Properties of Supported Bimetallic Pd/Ir Systems in the Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde by Using the “Water-in-Oil” Microemulsion Method. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4314975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported Pd/Ir bimetallic catalysts were synthesized by the “water-in-oil” microemulsion method at different precursor concentrations and characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and cyclic voltammetry. Depending on the preparation conditions, formation of bimetallic catalysts with different metal segregation and surface composition can be easily obtained, thus tuning the bimetallic structure of catalysts as well as their relative catalytic properties. Bimetallic Pd/Ir systems were efficiently tested in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde showing a better performance than analogous monometallic catalysts.
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29
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Gumina B, Espro C, Galvagno S, Pietropaolo R, Mauriello F. Bioethanol Production from Unpretreated Cellulose under Neutral Selfsustainable Hydrolysis/Hydrogenolysis Conditions Promoted by the Heterogeneous Pd/Fe 3O 4 Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:352-357. [PMID: 31459334 PMCID: PMC6648557 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of untreated microcrystalline cellulose into C2-C3 alcohols, through a one-pot process promoted by the heterogeneous bimetallic Pd/Fe3O4 catalyst, is presented. The process is selfsustainable without the addition of external molecular hydrogen or acid/basic promoters and is mainly selective toward ethanol. At 240 °C, a complete cellulose conversion was reached after 12 h with an ethanol molar selectivity of 51% among liquid products. The synergistic effect played by water (which aids in the chemical pretreatment means of cellulose through the hydrolysis process) and the Pd/Fe3O4 catalyst (which catalyzes the hydrogenolysis reaction driving the pattern of obtained products) is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Gumina
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contr. di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Espro
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contr. di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Signorino Galvagno
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contr. di Dio, Vill. S. Agata, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosario Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento
DICEAM, Università Mediterranea di
Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mauriello
- Dipartimento
DICEAM, Università Mediterranea di
Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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30
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Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis Reactions for Lignin Valorization to Fuels and Chemicals. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant renewable source of chemicals and fuels. Lignin, one of biomass main structural components being widely available as by-product in the pulp and paper industry and in the process of second generation bioethanol, can provide phenolic and aromatic compounds that can be utilized for the manufacture of a wide variety of polymers, fuels, and other high added value products. The effective depolymerisation of lignin into its primary building blocks remains a challenge with regard to conversion degree and monomers selectivity and stability. This review article focuses on the state of the art in the liquid phase reductive depolymerisation of lignin under relatively mild conditions via catalytic hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation reactions, discussing the effect of lignin type/origin, hydrogen donor solvents, and related transfer hydrogenation or reforming pathways, catalysts, and reaction conditions.
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31
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Catalytic Processes from Biomass-Derived Hexoses and Pentoses: A Recent Literature Overview. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass is a plentiful renewable source of energy, food, feed and chemicals. It fixes about 1–2% of the solar energy received by the Earth through photosynthesis in both terrestrial and aquatic plants like macro- and microalgae. As fossil resources deplete, biomass appears a good complement and eventually a good substitute feedstock, but still needs the development of relatively new catalytic processes. For this purpose, catalytic transformations, whether alone or combined with thermal ones and separation operations, have been under study in recent years. Catalytic biorefineries are based on dehydration-hydrations, hydrogenations, oxidations, epimerizations, isomerizations, aldol condensations and other reactions to obtain a plethora of chemicals, including alcohols, ketones, furans and acids, as well as materials such as polycarbonates. Nevertheless, there is still a need for higher selectivity, stability, and regenerability of catalysts and of process intensification by a wise combination of operations, either in-series or combined (one-pot), to reach economic feasibility. Here we present a literature survey of the latest developments for obtaining value-added products using hexoses and pentoses derived from lignocellulosic material, as well as algae as a source of carbohydrates for subsequent transformations.
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