1
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Tian Z, Jiang F, Zhu S. Quantitative determination of chondroitin sulfate with various molecular weights in raw materials by pre-column derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. Food Chem 2024; 440:138273. [PMID: 38154285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple and reliable HPLC method was developed for quantification of chondroitin sulfate (CS). The procedure is based on precolumn hydrolysis of CS to liberate galactosamine and subsequent derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate. Hydrolysis and derivatization conditions were optimized. A linear correlation coefficient of 0.9999 was calculated within the range of 10-1500 μg/mL from the standard curve. The method produces good precision and good accuracy (100.75 % recovery). An advantage over other common methods is its ability to quantify CS of all molecular weights and structures, as evidenced by the determination of CS fractions with narrow molecular weight distributions obtained through depolymerization by different methods, while enzymatic HPLC was proven to be infeasible. Extraction recoveries of CS from monosaccharide mixed samples were > 93 %. The reliability was also validated by a small difference (-1.95 % to 4.12 %) relative to enzymatic HPLC results in analysing representative CS samples of different animal origins and suppliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Tian
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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2
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Gaspar-Pintiliescu A, Stefan LM, Mihai E, Sanda C, Manoiu VS, Berger D, Craciunescu O. Antioxidant and antiproliferative effect of a glycosaminoglycan extract from Rapana venosa marine snail. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297803. [PMID: 38359063 PMCID: PMC10868805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine glycosaminoglycans (GAG) isolated from different invertebrates, such as molluscs, starfish or jellyfish, have been described as unique molecules with important pharmacological applications. Scarce information is available on GAG extract from Rapana venosa marine snail. The aim of this study was to isolate a GAG extract from R. venosa marine snail and to investigate its physicochemical, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties for further biomedical use. The morphology, chemical and elemental composition of the extract were established as well as the sulfate content and N- to O-sulfation ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that GAG extract presented similar structural characteristics to bovine heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. The pattern of extract migration in agarose gel electrophoresis and specific digestion with chondroitinase ABC and heparinase III indicated the presence of a mixture of chondroitin sulfate-type GAG, as main component, and heparan sulfate-type GAG. Free radical scavenging and ferric ion reducing assays showed that GAG extract had high antioxidant activity, which slightly decreased after enzymatic treatment. In vitro MTT and Live/Dead assays showed that GAG extract had the ability to inhibit cell proliferation in human Hep-2 cell cultures, at cytocompatible concentrations in normal NCTC clone L929 fibroblasts. This capacity decreased after enzymatic digestion, in accordance to the antioxidant activity of the products. Tumoral cell migration was also inhibited by GAG extract and its digestion products. Overall, GAG extract from R. venosa marine snail exhibited antioxidant and antiproliferative activities, suggesting its potential use as novel bioactive compound for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaspar-Pintiliescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura M. Stefan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Mihai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalina Sanda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile S. Manoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University "Politehnica" of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Antia IU, Hills FA, Shah AJ. Disaccharide compositional analysis of chondroitin sulphate using WAX HILIC-MS with pre-column procainamide labelling; application to the placenta in pre-eclampsia. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:566-575. [PMID: 38189556 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulphate (CS) and dermatan sulphate are negatively charged linear heteropolysaccharides. These glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are involved in cellular signalling via binding to growth factors. CS is expressed in a range of tissue and biological fluids and is highly expressed in the placenta. There is evidence that decorin; a CS proteoglycan is significantly decreased in pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. It is considered that GAG chain composition may influence cellular processes that are altered in pre-eclampsia. The goal of the present study was to develop an LC-MS method with precolumn procainamide labelling for the disaccharide compositional analysis of CS. The method was used to investigate whether the disaccharide composition of placenta-extracted CS is altered in pre-eclampsia. The study revealed differential disaccharide compositions of placental chondroitin sulphate between pre-eclampsia and other pregnancy conditions. This suggests that the method may have diagnostic potential for pregnancy disorders. Furthermore, the findings suggest that CS sulphation might play a significant role in maternal labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imeobong U Antia
- Glycan Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
| | - Frank A Hills
- Glycan Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
| | - Ajit J Shah
- Glycan Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
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4
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Suner SS, Sahiner M, Umut E, Ayyala RS, Sahiner N. Physically Crosslinked Chondroitin Sulfate (CS)-Metal Ion (M: Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) Particles for Versatile Applications and Their Biosafety. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040483. [PMID: 37111240 PMCID: PMC10144968 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a well-known glycosaminoglycan, was physically crosslinked with Fe(III), Gd(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) ions to obtain CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) polymeric particles for multipurpose biological applications. The CS-metal ion-containing particles in the micrometer to a few hundred nanometer size range are injectable materials for intravenous administration. The CS-metal ion-containing particles are safe biomaterials for biological applications because of their perfect blood compatibility and no significant cytotoxicity on L929 fibroblast cells up to a 10 mg/mL concentration. Furthermore, CS-Zn(II) and CS-Cu(II) particles show excellent antibacterial susceptibility, with 2.5-5.0 mg/mL minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the in vitro contrast enhancement abilities of aqueous CS-metal ion particle suspensions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were determined by obtaining T1- and T2-weighted MR images using a 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner and by calculating the water proton relaxivities. Therefore, these CS-Fe(III), CS-Gd(III), CS-Zn(II), and CS-Cu(II) particles have significant potential as antibacterial additive materials and MRI contrast enhancement agents with less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin S Suner
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Sahiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Evrim Umut
- Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, School of Healthcare, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
- Bioİzmir-Izmir Health Technologies Development and Accelerator Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ramesh S Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv, MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs B. Downs Blv, MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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5
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Abourehab MAS, Baisakhiya S, Aggarwal A, Singh A, Abdelgawad MA, Deepak A, Ansari MJ, Pramanik S. Chondroitin sulfate-based composites: a tour d'horizon of their biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9125-9178. [PMID: 36342328 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a natural anionic mucopolysaccharide, belonging to the glycosaminoglycan family, acts as the primary element of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of diverse organisms. It comprises repeating units of disaccharides possessing β-1,3-linked N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc), and β-1,4-linked D-glucuronic acid (GlcA), and exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombogenic activities. It is a naturally acquired bio-macromolecule with beneficial properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and immensely low toxicity, making it the center of attention in developing biomaterials for various biomedical applications. The authors have discussed the structure, unique properties, and extraction source of CS in the initial section of this review. Further, the current investigations on applications of CS-based composites in various biomedical fields, focusing on delivering active pharmaceutical compounds, tissue engineering, and wound healing, are discussed critically. In addition, the manuscript throws light on preclinical and clinical studies associated with CS composites. A short section on Chondroitinase ABC has also been canvassed. Finally, this review emphasizes the current challenges and prospects of CS in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 11566, Egypt
| | - Shreya Baisakhiya
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Sector 1, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anshul Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak-124021, India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Deepak
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600128, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Wang K, Qi L, Zhao L, Liu J, Guo Y, Zhang C. Degradation of chondroitin sulfate: Mechanism of degradation, influence factors, structure-bioactivity relationship and application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Restaino OF, Schiraldi C. Chondroitin sulfate: are the purity and the structural features well assessed? A review on the analytical challenges. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119690. [PMID: 35725214 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Animal origin chondroitin sulfate is employed as anti-inflammatory drug and food supplement against anti-osteoarthritis, but also as antioxidant, antitumor, anticoagulant, and immune-regulatory agent or as biomaterial in tissue engineering scaffolds and in drug-delivery systems. As its biological properties depend on the structural characteristics, multi-analytical approaches are necessary to correlate specific features of its heterogenic composition to the different bioactivities. This is of paramount importance to assess the efficacy of pharmaceuticals and food supplements, beyond safety quality control. This review would address the issue of chondroitin sulfate characterization according to the Pharmacopeia testing monograph point of view giving an update of the analytical novelties reported in the last ten years that might be employed for the product testing and releasing on the market. Not-instrumental (e.g. colorimetric assays) and instrumental techniques, most of them coupling diverse chromatographic separation methods with spectroscopic and spectrometry detection techniques, mono and bi-dimensional NMR approaches, are compared as tools to evaluate identity, titer, purity grade, monosaccharide and disaccharide composition, averaged molecular weight and viscosity, charge and sulfate content, impurities and related substances including the presence of other glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Francesca Restaino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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8
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Abidine Y, Liu L, Wallén O, Trybala E, Olofsson S, Bergström T, Bally M. Cellular Chondroitin Sulfate and the Mucin-like Domain of Viral Glycoprotein C Promote Diffusion of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 While Heparan Sulfate Restricts Mobility. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081836. [PMID: 36016458 PMCID: PMC9412521 DOI: 10.3390/v14081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of viruses at the cell membrane is essential to reach a suitable entry site and initiate subsequent internalization. Although many viruses take advantage of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) to bind to the cell surface, little is known about the dynamics of the virus–GAG interactions. Here, single-particle tracking of the initial interaction of individual herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) virions reveals a heterogeneous diffusive behavior, regulated by cell-surface GAGs with two main diffusion types: confined and normal free. This study reports that different GAGs can have competing influences in mediating diffusion on the cells used here: chondroitin sulfate (CS) enhances free diffusion but hinders virus attachment to cell surfaces, while heparan sulfate (HS) promotes virus confinement and increases entry efficiency. In addition, the role that the viral mucin-like domains (MLD) of the HSV-1 glycoprotein C plays in facilitating the diffusion of the virus and accelerating virus penetration into cells is demonstrated. Together, our results shed new light on the mechanisms of GAG-regulated virus diffusion at the cell surface for optimal internalization. These findings may be extendable to other GAG-binding viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Abidine
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oskar Wallén
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41346 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sigvard Olofsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41346 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41346 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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9
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Suner SS, Sahiner M, Ayyala RS, Sahiner N. Degradable and Non-Degradable Chondroitin Sulfate Particles with the Controlled Antibiotic Release for Bacterial Infections. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081739. [PMID: 36015365 PMCID: PMC9415033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-degradable, slightly degradable, and completely degradable micro/nanoparticles derived from chondroitin sulfate (CS) were synthesized through crosslinking reactions at 50%, 40%, and 20% mole ratios, respectively. The CS particles with a 20% crosslinking ratio show total degradation within 48 h, whereas 50% CS particles were highly stable for up to 240 h with only 7.0 ± 2.8% weight loss in physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Tobramycin and amikacin antibiotics were encapsulated into non-degradable CS particles with high loading at 250 g/mg for the treatment of corneal bacterial ulcers. The highest release capacity of 92 ± 2% was obtained for CS-Amikacin particles with sustainable and long-term release profiles. The antibacterial effects of CS particles loaded with 2.5 mg of antibiotic continued to render a prolonged release time of 240 h with 24 ± 2 mm inhibition zones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, as a carrier, CS particles significantly improved the compatibility of the antibiotics even at high particle concentrations of 1000 g/mL with a minimum of 71 ± 7% fibroblast cell viability. In summary, the sustainable delivery of antibiotics and long-term treatment of bacterial keratitis were shown to be afforded by the design of tunable degradation ability of CS particles with improved biocompatibility for the encapsulated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin S. Suner
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Sahiner
- Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Ramesh S. Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: or
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10
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Chondroitin Sulfate and Its Derivatives: A Review of Microbial and Other Production Methods. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is widely used across the world as a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical. Its high demand and potential limitations in current methods of extraction call for an alternative method of production. This review highlights glycosaminoglycan’s structure, its medical significance, animal extraction source, and the disadvantages of the extraction process. We cover alternative production strategies for CS and its precursor, chondroitin. We highlight chemical synthesis, chemoenzymatic synthesis, and extensively discuss how strains have been successfully metabolically engineered to synthesize chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate. We present microbial engineering as the best option for modern chondroitin and CS production. We also explore the biosynthetic pathway for chondroitin production in multiple microbes such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Lastly, we outline how the manipulation of pathway genes has led to the biosynthesis of chondroitin derivatives.
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11
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Bedi N, Srivastava DK, Srivastava A, Mahapatra S, Dkhar DS, Chandra P, Srivastava A. Marine Biological Macromolecules as Matrix Material for Biosensor fabrication. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2046-2063. [PMID: 35470439 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Ocean covers two-third of our planet and has great biological heterogeneity. Marine organisms like algae, vertebrates, invertebrates, and microbes are known to provide many natural products with biological activities as well as potent sources of biomaterials for therapeutic, biomedical, biosensors, and climate stabilization. Over the years, the field of biosensors have gained huge attention due to their extraordinary ability to provide early disease diagnosis, rapid detection of various molecules and substances along with long term monitoring. This review aims to focus on the properties and employment of various biomaterials (Carbohydrate polymers, proteins, polyacids etc) of marine origin such as Alginate, Chitin, Chitosan, Fucoidan, Carrageenan, Chondroitin Sulfate (CS), Hyaluronic acid (HA), Collagen, marine pigments, marine nanoparticles, Hydroxyapatite (HAp), Biosilica, lectins, and marine whole cell in the design and development of biosensors. Further, this review also covers the source of such marine biomaterials and their promising evolution in the fabrication of biosensors that are potent to be employed in the biomedical, environmental science and agricultural sciences domains. The use of such fabricated biosensors harness the system with excellent specificity, selectivity, biocompatibility, thermally stable and minimal cost advantages. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Bedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | | | - Arti Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Supratim Mahapatra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobiotechnology, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Daphika S Dkhar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobiotechnology, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobiotechnology, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India.,Amity Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
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12
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Cioni P, Gabellieri E, Campanini B, Bettati S, Raboni S. Use of Exogenous Enzymes in Human Therapy: Approved Drugs and Potential Applications. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:411-452. [PMID: 34259137 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210713094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and efficacious enzyme-based human therapies has increased greatly in the last decades, thanks to remarkable advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for different diseases, and the characterization of the catalytic activity of relevant exogenous enzymes that may play a remedial effect in the treatment of such pathologies. Several enzyme-based biotherapeutics have been approved by FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) and EMA (the European Medicines Agency) and many are undergoing clinical trials. Apart from enzyme replacement therapy in human genetic diseases, which is not discussed in this review, approved enzymes for human therapy find applications in several fields, from cancer therapy to thrombolysis and the treatment, e.g., of clotting disorders, cystic fibrosis, lactose intolerance and collagen-based disorders. The majority of therapeutic enzymes are of microbial origin, the most convenient source due to fast, simple and cost-effective production and manipulation. The use of microbial recombinant enzymes has broadened prospects for human therapy but some hurdles such as high immunogenicity, protein instability, short half-life and low substrate affinity, still need to be tackled. Alternative sources of enzymes, with reduced side effects and improved activity, as well as genetic modification of the enzymes and novel delivery systems are constantly searched. Chemical modification strategies, targeted- and/or nanocarrier-mediated delivery, directed evolution and site-specific mutagenesis, fusion proteins generated by genetic manipulation are the most explored tools to reduce toxicity and improve bioavailability and cellular targeting. This review provides a description of exogenous enzymes that are presently employed for the therapeutic management of human diseases with their current FDA/EMA-approved status, along with those already experimented at the clinical level and potential promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cioni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Edi Gabellieri
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma. Italy
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa. Italy
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13
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Mei X, Villamagna IJ, Nguyen T, Beier F, Appleton CT, Gillies ER. Polymer particles for the intra-articular delivery of drugs to treat osteoarthritis. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33711838 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abee62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic disability. It is a progressive disease, involving pathological changes to the entire joint, resulting in joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and loss of mobility. There is currently no disease-modifying pharmaceutical treatment for OA, and the treatments that do exist suffer from significant side effects. An increasing understanding of the molecular pathways involved in OA is leading to many potential drug targets. However, both current and new therapies can benefit from a targeted approach that delivers drugs selectively to joints at therapeutic concentrations, while limiting systemic exposure to the drugs. Delivery systems including hydrogels, liposomes, and various types of particles have been explored for intra-articular drug delivery. This review will describe progress over the past several years in the development of polymer-based particles for OA treatment, as well as their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluation. Systems based on biopolymers such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, as well as synthetic polyesters, poly(ester amide)s, thermoresponsive polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol), amphiphilic polymers, and dendrimers will be described. We will discuss the role of particle size, biodegradability, and mechanical properties in the behavior of the particles in the joint, and the challenges to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Ian J Villamagna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, CANADA
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
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14
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Ji Y, Zhang S, Qiao M, Jiao R, Li J, Song P, Zhang X, Huang H. Synthesis of structurally defined chondroitin sulfate: Paving the way to the structure-activity relationship studies. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 248:116796. [PMID: 32919534 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is one of the major and widespread glycosaminoglycans, a family of structurally complex, linear, anionic hetero-co-polysaccharides. CS plays a vital role in various normal physiological and pathological processes, thus, showing varieties of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis, and insignificant immunogenicity. However, the heterogeneity of the naturally occurring CS potentially leads to function unspecific and limits further structure-activity relationship studies. Therefore, the synthesis of CS with well-defined and uniform chain lengths is of major interest for the development of reliable drugs. In this review, we examine the remarkable progress that has been made in the chemical, enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of CS and its derivatives, providing a broad spectrum of options to access CS of well controlled chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoyu Jiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Pessentheiner AR, Ducasa GM, Gordts PLSM. Proteoglycans in Obesity-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction and Meta-Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:769. [PMID: 32508807 PMCID: PMC7248225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a specific subset of glycoproteins found at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, where they interact with a plethora of proteins involved in metabolic homeostasis and meta-inflammation. Over the last decade, new insights have emerged on the mechanism and biological significance of these interactions in the context of diet-induced disorders such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. Complications of energy metabolism drive most diet-induced metabolic disorders, which results in low-grade chronic inflammation, thereby affecting proper function of many vital organs involved in energy homeostasis, such as the brain, liver, kidney, heart and adipose tissue. Here, we discuss how heparan, chondroitin and keratan sulfate proteoglycans modulate obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and low-grade inflammation that impact the initiation and progression of obesity-associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane R. Pessentheiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - G. Michelle Ducasa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Philip L. S. M. Gordts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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16
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Abstract
Biocatalysis is the term used to describe the application of any type of biocatalyst (enzymes, as isolated preparations of wild-type or genetically modified variants, or whole cells, either as native cells or as recombinant expressed proteins inside host cells) in a given synthetic schedule [...]
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