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Camilo-Ramos A, Korzhnev DM, Pinheiro-Aguiar R, Almeida FCL. Backbone 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of the FF1 domain from P190A RhoGAP in 5 and 8 M urea. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2024; 18:257-262. [PMID: 39402262 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-024-10197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/27/2024]
Abstract
The Rho GTPase (Ras homolog GTPases) system is a crucial signal transducer that regulates various cellular processes, including cell cycle and migration, genetic transcription, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the unfolded state of the first FF domain (FF1) of P190A RhoGAP, which features four tandem FF domains. For signal transduction, FF1 is phosphorylated at tyrosine 308 (Y308), which is buried in the hydrophobic core and is inaccessible to kinases in the folded domain. It was proposed, therefore, that the phosphorylation occurs in a transiently populated unfolded state of FF1. To probe the folding pathway of the RhoGAP FF1 domain, here we have performed a nearly complete backbone resonance assignments of a putative partially unfolded state of FF1 in 5 M urea and its fully unfolded state in 8 M urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarão Camilo-Ramos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM), National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dmitry M Korzhnev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ramon Pinheiro-Aguiar
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM), National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM), National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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2
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Wang X, Nie X, Wang H, Ren Z. Roles of small GTPases in cardiac hypertrophy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:208. [PMID: 39301654 PMCID: PMC11425065 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy results from the heart reacting and adapting to various pathological stimuli and its persistent development is a major contributing factor to heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy remain unclear. Small GTPases in the Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf and Ran subfamilies exhibit GTPase activity and play crucial roles in regulating various cellular responses. Previous studies have shown that Ras, Rho and Rab are closely linked to cardiac hypertrophy and that their overexpression can induce cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we review the functions of small GTPases in cardiac hypertrophy and provide additional insights and references for the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Xinwen Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhong Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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3
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Palacios D, Majhi RK, Szabo EK, Clement D, Lachota M, Netskar H, Penna L, Krokeide SZ, Vincenti M, Kveberg L, Malmberg KJ. The G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR56 Is an Inhibitory Checkpoint for NK Cell Migration. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:1349-1357. [PMID: 39320215 PMCID: PMC11491499 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of surface receptors and are responsible for key physiological functions, including cell growth, neurotransmission, hormone release, and cell migration. The GPCR 56 (GPR56), encoded by ADGRG1, is an adhesion GPCR found on diverse cell types, including neural progenitor cells, melanoma cells, and lymphocytes, such as effector memory T cells, γδ T cells, and NK cells. Using RNA-sequencing and high-resolution flow cytometry, we found that GPR56 mRNA and protein expression increased with NK cell differentiation, reaching its peak in adaptive NK cells. Small interfering RNA silencing of GPR56 led to increased spontaneous and chemokine-induced migration, suggesting that GPR56 functions as an upstream checkpoint for migration of highly differentiated NK cells. Increased NK cell migration could also be induced by agonistic stimulation of GPR56 leading to rapid internalization and deactivation of the receptor. Mechanistically, GPR56 ligation and downregulation were associated with transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif translocation to the nucleus and increased actin polymerization. Together, these data provide insights into the role of GPR56 in the migratory behavior of human NK cell subsets and may open possibilities to improve NK cell infiltration into cancer tissues by releasing a migratory checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Palacios
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rakesh Kumar Majhi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center of Excellence in Cancer, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, IIT Kanpur, India
| | - Edina K. Szabo
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis Clement
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Laboratory of Cellular and Genetic Therapies, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Herman Netskar
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leena Penna
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silje Z. Krokeide
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianna Vincenti
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Kveberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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4
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de Castro Sampaio SS, Ramalho MCC, de Souza CS, de Almeida Rodrigues B, de Mendonça GRS, Lazarini M. RHO subfamily of small GTPases in the development and function of hematopoietic cells. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31469. [PMID: 39434451 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
RHOA, RHOB, and RHOC comprise a subfamily of RHO GTPase proteins famed for controlling cytoskeletal dynamics. RHO proteins operate downstream of multiple signals emerging from the microenvironment, leading to diverse cell responses, such as proliferation, adhesion, and migration. Therefore, RHO signaling has been centrally placed in the regulation of blood cells. Despite their high homology, unique roles of RHOA, RHOB, and RHOC have been described in hematopoietic cells. In this article, we overview the contribution of RHO proteins in the development and function of each blood cell lineage. Additionally, we highlight the aberrations of the RHO signaling pathways found in hematological malignancies, providing clues for the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Santos de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Lazarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nussinov R, Jang H, Cheng F. Ras, RhoA, and vascular pharmacology in neurodevelopment and aging. Neurochem Int 2024; 181:105883. [PMID: 39427854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Small GTPases Ras, Rac, and RhoA are crucial regulators of cellular functions. They also act in dysregulated cell proliferation and transformation. Multiple publications have focused on illuminating their roles and mechanisms, including in immune system pathologies. Their functions in neurology-related diseases, neurodegeneration and neurodevelopment, are also emerging, as well as their potential as pharmacological targets in both pathologies. Observations increasingly suggest that these pathologies may relate to activation (or suppression) of signaling by members of the Ras superfamily, especially Ras, Rho, and Rac isoforms, and components of their signaling pathways. Germline (or embryonic) mutations that they harbor are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as RASopathies, autism spectrum disorder, and dilated cardiomyopathy. In aging, they promote neurodegenerative diseases, with Rho GTPase featuring in their pharmacology, as in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Significantly, drugs with observed anti-AD activity, particularly those involved in cardiovascular systems, are associated with the RhoA signaling, as well as cerebral vasculature in brain development and aging. This leads us to suggest that anti-AD drugs could inform neurodevelopmental disorders, including pediatric low-grade gliomas pharmacology. Neurodevelopmental disorders associated with RhoA, like autism, are also connected with vascular systems, thus could be targets of vascular system-connected drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Genome Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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6
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Setayesh T, Hu Y, Vaziri F, Wei D, Wan YJY. The spatial impact of a Western diet in enriching Galectin-1-regulated Rho, ECM, and SASP signaling in a novel MASH-HCC mouse model. Biomark Res 2024; 12:122. [PMID: 39402682 PMCID: PMC11476289 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) presents a significant clinical challenge, particularly given the prevalence of the Western diet (WD). The influence of diet on the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a biomarker for HCC and has a crucial role in liver carcinogenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that silencing Gal-1 effectively treats mouse HCC. However, the impacts of a WD on Gal-1 signaling on MASH to HCC progression are unknown, and this study addresses these knowledge gaps. METHODS We developed a novel MASH-HCC mouse model. Using spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC), we studied the effects of a WD on the liver and tumor microenvironment. By modulating Gal-1 expression through silencing and overexpression, we explored the location-specific impacts of WD on Gal-1 signaling. RESULTS Pathways such as Rho signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) were prominently activated in WD-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and MASH-HCC, compared to healthy livers controls. Furthermore, Rho GTPase effectors, ECM remodeling, neutrophil degranulation, cellular stress, and cell cycle pathways were consistently enriched in human and mouse MASH-HCC. Spatially, these pathways were enriched in the tumor and tumor margins of mouse MASH-HCC. Additionally, there was a notable increase in CD11c and PD-L1-positive cells from non-tumor tissues to the tumor margin and inside the tumor of MASH-HCC, suggesting compromised immune surveillance due to WD intake. Moreover, MASH-HCC exhibited significant Gal-1 induction in N-Cadherin-positive cells, indicating enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Modulating Gal-1 expression in MASH-HCC further established its specific roles in regulating Rho signaling and SASP in the tumor margin and non-tumor tissues in MASH-HCC. CONCLUSION WD intake significantly influences vital cellular processes involved in Gal-1-mediated signaling, including Rho signaling and ECM remodeling, in the tumor microenvironment, thereby contributing to the development of MASH-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Dongguang Wei
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Room 3400B, Research Building III, 4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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7
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Ning Y, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Jiao Y, Wang J, Zhang S. RhoA-ROCK2 signaling possesses complex pathophysiological functions in cancer progression and shows promising therapeutic potential. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:339. [PMID: 39402585 PMCID: PMC11475559 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase signaling pathway is responsible for cell-specific processes, including actin cytoskeleton organization, cell motility, cell division, and the transcription of specific genes. The implications of RhoA and the downstream effector ROCK2 in cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and therapy resistance associated with stem cells highlight the potential of targeting RhoA/ROCK2 signaling in therapy. Tumor relapse can occur due to cancer cells that do not fully respond to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Rho signaling-mediated mitotic defects and cytokinesis failure lead to asymmetric cell division, allowing cells to form polyploids to escape cytotoxicity and promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this review, we elucidate the significance of RhoA/ROCK2 in the mechanisms of cancer progression and summarize their inhibitors that may improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Ning
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P.R. China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Jiao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Jiangping Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, P.R. China.
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8
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Zhu X, Sun S, Yao Y, Jiang F, Yang F, Zhao H, Xue Z, Dai S, Yu T, Xiao X. Preliminary identification of somatic mutations profile in ACL injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22847. [PMID: 39354002 PMCID: PMC11445548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common orthopedic disease with a high incidence, long recovery time, and often requiring surgical treatment. However, the susceptibility factors for ACL injury are currently unclear, and there is a lack of analysis on the differences in the ligament itself. Previous studies have focused on germline mutations, with less research on somatic mutations. To determine the role of somatic mutations in ACL injuries, we recruited seven patients between the ages of 20 and 39 years diagnosed with ACL injuries, collected their peripheral blood, injured ligament ends, and healthy ligament ends tissues, and performed exome sequencing with gene function enrichment analysis. We detected multiple gene mutations and gene deletions, which were only present in some of the samples. Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine whether these somatic mutations are related to ligament structure or function, or are involved in ACL injury. However, this study provides valuable clues for future in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesai Zhu
- The Second School of Clinical Medical College of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264100, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shenjie Sun
- Department of Emergency, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yizhi Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fenghua Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zichao Xue
- Department of Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiyou Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China.
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9
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Li Y, Zhang H, Yang F, Zhu D, Chen S, Wang Z, Wei Z, Yang Z, Jia J, Zhang Y, Wang D, Ma M, Kang X. Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of disulphidptosis in cancer. Cell Prolif 2024:e13752. [PMID: 39354653 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
SLC7A11 plays a pivotal role in tumour development by facilitating cystine import to enhance glutathione synthesis and counteract oxidative stress. Disulphidptosis, an emerging form of cell death observed in cells with high expression of SLC7A11 under glucose deprivation, is regulated through reduction-oxidation reactions and disulphide bond formation. This process leads to contraction and collapse of the F-actin cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane, ultimately resulting in cellular demise. Compared to other forms of cell death, disulphidptosis exhibits distinctive characteristics and regulatory mechanisms. This mechanism provides novel insights and innovative strategies for cancer treatment while also inspiring potential therapeutic approaches for other diseases. Our review focuses on elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying disulphidptosis and its connection with the actin cytoskeleton, identifying alternative metabolic forms of cell death, as well as offering insights into disulphidptosis-based cancer therapy. A comprehensive understanding of disulphidptosis will contribute to our knowledge about fundamental cellular homeostasis and facilitate the development of groundbreaking therapies for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
- The Second People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Fengguang Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Ziyan Wei
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jingwen Jia
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongxin Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Mingdong Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, PR China
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10
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Popov IK, Tao J, Chang C. The RhoGEF protein Plekhg5 self-associates via its PH domain to regulate apical cell constriction. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar134. [PMID: 39196644 PMCID: PMC11481697 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
RhoGEFs are critical activators of Rho family small GTPases and regulate diverse biological processes, such as cell division and tissue morphogenesis. We reported previously that the RhoGEF gene plekhg5 controls apical constriction of bottle cells at the blastopore lip during Xenopus gastrulation, but the detailed mechanism of plekhg5 action is not understood in depth. In this study, we show that localization of Plekhg5 in the apical cortex depends on its N-terminal sequences and intact guanine nucleotide exchange activity, whereas the C-terminal sequences prevent ectopic localization of the protein to the basolateral compartment. We also reveal that Plekhg5 self-associates via its PH domain, and this interaction leads to functional rescue of two mutants that lack the N-terminal region and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity, respectively, in trans. A point mutation in the PH domain corresponding to a variant associated with human disease leads to loss of self-association and failure of the mutant to induce apical constriction. Taken together, our results suggest that PH-mediated self-association and N-terminal domain-mediated subcellular localization are both crucial for the function of Plekhg5 in inducing apical constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K. Popov
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jiahui Tao
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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11
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Shen J, Su X, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhong C, Huang Y, Duan S. RhoJ: an emerging biomarker and target in cancer research and treatment. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1454-1464. [PMID: 38858534 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
RhoJ is a Rho GTPase that belongs to the Cdc42 subfamily and has a molecular weight of approximately 21 kDa. It can activate the p21-activated kinase family either directly or indirectly, influencing the activity of various downstream effectors and playing a role in regulating the cytoskeleton, cell movement, and cell cycle. RhoJ's expression and activity are controlled by multiple upstream factors at different levels, including expression, subcellular localization, and activation. High RhoJ expression is generally associated with a poor prognosis for cancer patients and is mainly due to an increased number of tumor blood vessels and abnormal expression in malignant cells. RhoJ promotes tumor progression through several pathways, particularly in tumor angiogenesis and drug resistance. Clinical data also indicates that high RhoJ expression is closely linked to the pathological features of tumor malignancy. There are various cancer treatment methods that target RhoJ signaling, such as direct binding to inhibit the RhoJ effector pocket, inhibiting RhoJ expression, blocking RhoJ upstream and downstream signals, and indirectly inhibiting RhoJ's effect. RhoJ is an emerging cancer biomarker and a significant target for future cancer clinical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinming Su
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shana Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenming Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Bou Malhab LJ, Schmidt S, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Pion E, Gadea G, Roux P, Fagotto F, Debant A, Xirodimas DP. An Anti-Invasive Role for Mdmx through the RhoA GTPase under the Control of the NEDD8 Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1625. [PMID: 39404389 PMCID: PMC11475522 DOI: 10.3390/cells13191625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mdmx (Mdm4) is established as an oncogene mainly through repression of the p53 tumour suppressor. On the other hand, anti-oncogenic functions for Mdmx have also been proposed, but the underlying regulatory pathways remain unknown. Investigations into the effect of inhibitors for the NEDD8 pathway in p53 activation, human cell morphology, and in cell motility during gastrulation in Xenopus embryos revealed an anti-invasive function of Mdmx. Through stabilisation and activation of the RhoA GTPase, Mdmx is required for the anti-invasive effects of NEDDylation inhibitors. Mechanistically, through its Zn finger domain, Mdmx preferentially interacts with the inactive GDP-form of RhoA. This protects RhoA from degradation and allows for RhoA targeting to the plasma membrane for its subsequent activation. The effect is transient, as prolonged NEDDylation inhibition targets Mdmx for degradation, which subsequently leads to RhoA destabilisation. Surprisingly, Mdmx degradation requires non-NEDDylated (inactive) Culin4A and the Mdm2 E3-ligase. This study reveals that Mdmx can control cell invasion through RhoA stabilisation/activation, which is potentially linked to the reported anti-oncogenic functions of Mdmx. As inhibitors of the NEDD8 pathway are in clinical trials, the status of Mdmx may be a critical determinant for the anti-tumour effects of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara J. Bou Malhab
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Christine Fagotto-Kaufmann
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Emmanuelle Pion
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Gilles Gadea
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Pierre Roux
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Francois Fagotto
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Anne Debant
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
| | - Dimitris P. Xirodimas
- CRBM, Cell Biology Research Centre of Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France; (S.S.); (C.F.-K.); (E.P.); (G.G.); (P.R.); (F.F.)
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13
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Liu C, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Wang H, Wang Q, Lan X. Mechanisms of Rho GTPases in regulating tumor proliferation, migration and invasion. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024:S1359-6101(24)00075-3. [PMID: 39317522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of most cancers is due to the clonal proliferation of tumor cells, immune evasion, and the ability to spread to other body parts. Rho GTPases, a family of small GTPases, are key regulators of cytoskeleton reorganization and cell polarity. Additionally, Rho GTPases are key proteins that induce the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. This review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of Rho GTPases, exploring their critical role in promoting tumor cell proliferation and dissemination. Regarding tumor cell proliferation, attention is given to the role of Rho GTPases in regulating the cell cycle and mitosis. In terms of tumor cell dissemination, the focus is on the role of Rho GTPases in regulating cell migration and invasion. Overall, this review elucidates the mechanisms of Rho GTPases members in the development of tumor cells, aiming to provide theoretical references for the treatment of mammalian tumor diseases and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- College Of Animal, Science And Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shutao Chen
- College Of Animal, Science And Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College Of Animal, Science And Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- College Of Animal, Science And Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Chongqing Academy Of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Qigui Wang
- Chongqing Academy Of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Xi Lan
- College Of Animal, Science And Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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14
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Pisklova M, Osmak G. Unveiling MiRNA-124 as a biomarker in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An innovative approach using machine learning and intelligent data analysis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 410:132220. [PMID: 38815672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a widespread hereditary cardiac pathology characterized by thickened heart walls and rearrangement of cardiomyocytes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms underlying HCM development remain poorly understood, impeding the development of effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Recent studies have suggested a polygenic nature of HCM development alongside monogenic forms. Transcriptomic profiling is a valuable tool for investigating such diseases. In this study, we propose a novel approach to study regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in the context of HCM, utilizing state-of-the-art data analysis tools. METHODS AND RESULTS Our method involves applying the Monte Carlo simulation and machine learning algorithm to transcriptomic data to generate high-capacity classifiers for HCM. From these classifiers, we extract key genes crucial for their performance, resulting in the identification of 16 key genes. Subsequently, we narrow down the pool of miRNAs by selecting those that may target the greatest number of key genes within the best models. We particularly focused on miR-124-3p, which we validated to have an association with HCM on an independent dataset. Subsequent investigation of its function revealed involvement of miR-124-3p in the RhoA signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In this study we propose a new approach to analyze transcriptomic data to search for microRNAs associated with a disease. Using this approach for transcriptomic profiling data of patients with HCM, we identified miR-124-3p as a potential regulator of the RhoA signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pisklova
- E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Academician Chazov st. 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov st. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - German Osmak
- E.I. Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Academician Chazov st. 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov st. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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15
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Jones GD, Ellisdon AM. Understanding P-Rex regulation: structural breakthroughs and emerging perspectives. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1849-1860. [PMID: 39023851 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are a family of highly conserved G proteins that regulate numerous cellular processes, including cytoskeleton organisation, migration, and proliferation. The 20 canonical Rho GTPases are regulated by ∼85 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), with the largest family being the 71 Diffuse B-cell Lymphoma (Dbl) GEFs. Dbl GEFs promote GTPase activity through the highly conserved Dbl homology domain. The specificity of GEF activity, and consequently GTPase activity, lies in the regulation and structures of the GEFs themselves. Dbl GEFs contain various accessory domains that regulate GEF activity by controlling subcellular localisation, protein interactions, and often autoinhibition. This review focuses on the two phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3)-dependent Rac exchangers (P-Rex), particularly the structural basis of P-Rex1 autoinhibition and synergistic activation. First, we discuss structures that highlight the conservation of P-Rex catalytic and phosphoinositide binding activities. We then explore recent breakthroughs in uncovering the structural basis for P-Rex1 autoinhibition and detail the proposed minimal two-step model of how PI(3,4,5)P3 and Gβγ synergistically activate P-Rex1 at the membrane. Additionally, we discuss the further layers of P-Rex regulation provided by phosphorylation and P-Rex2-PTEN coinhibitory complex formation, although these mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Finally, we leverage the available data to infer how cancer-associated mutations in P-Rex2 destabilise autoinhibition and evade PTEN coinhibitory complex formation, leading to increased P-Rex2 GEF activity and driving cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Jones
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew M Ellisdon
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Kocher F, Applegate V, Reiners J, Port A, Spona D, Hänsch S, Mirzaiebadizi A, Ahmadian MR, Smits SHJ, Hegemann JH, Mölleken K. The Chlamydia pneumoniae effector SemD exploits its host's endocytic machinery by structural and functional mimicry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7294. [PMID: 39181890 PMCID: PMC11344771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To enter epithelial cells, the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia pneumoniae secretes early effector proteins, which bind to and modulate the host-cell's plasma membrane and recruit several pivotal endocytic host proteins. Here, we present the high-resolution structure of an entry-related chlamydial effector protein, SemD. Co-crystallisation of SemD with its host binding partners demonstrates that SemD co-opts the Cdc42 binding site to activate the actin cytoskeleton regulator N-WASP, making active, GTP-bound Cdc42 superfluous. While SemD binds N-WASP much more strongly than Cdc42 does, it does not bind the Cdc42 effector protein FMNL2, indicating effector protein specificity. Furthermore, by identifying flexible and structured domains, we show that SemD can simultaneously interact with the membrane, the endocytic protein SNX9, and N-WASP. Here, we show at the structural level how a single effector protein can hijack central components of the host's endocytic system for efficient internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Kocher
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Violetta Applegate
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Structural Studies, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Reiners
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Structural Studies, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Astrid Port
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Structural Studies, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dominik Spona
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Advanced Imaging, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Mirzaiebadizi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Center for Structural Studies, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes H Hegemann
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Katja Mölleken
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Functional Microbial Genomics, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Calì F, Vinci M, Treccarichi S, Papa C, Gloria A, Musumeci A, Federico C, Vitello GA, Nicotera AG, Di Rosa G, Vetri L, Saccone S, Elia M. PLEKHG1: New Potential Candidate Gene for Periventricular White Matter Abnormalities. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1096. [PMID: 39202455 PMCID: PMC11353482 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage presents a significant neurological challenge, often manifesting during the perinatal period. Specifically, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is emerging as a notable contributor to cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. It compromises cerebral microcirculation, resulting in insufficient oxygen or blood flow to the periventricular region of the brain. As widely documented, these pathological conditions can be caused by several factors encompassing preterm birth (4-5% of the total cases), as well single cotwin abortion and genetic variants such as those associated with GTPase pathways. Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis identified a de novo causative variant within the pleckstrin homology domain-containing family G member 1 (PLEKHG1) gene in a patient presenting with PVL. The PLEKHG1 gene is ubiquitously expressed, showing high expression patterns in brain tissues. PLEKHG1 is part of a family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and the protein is essential for cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) activation in the GTPase pathway. CDC42 is a key small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, regulating various cellular functions such as cell morphology, migration, endocytosis, and cell cycle progression. The molecular mechanism involving PLEKHG1 and CDC42 has an intriguing role in the reorientation of cells in the vascular endothelium, thus suggesting that disruption responses to mechanical stress in endothelial cells may be involved in the formation of white matter lesions. Significantly, CDC42 association with white matter abnormalities is underscored by its MIM phenotype number. In contrast, although PLEKHG1 has been recently associated with patients showing white matter hyperintensities, it currently lacks a MIM phenotype number. Additionally, in silico analyses classified the identified variant as pathogenic. Although the patient was born prematurely and subsequently to dichorionic gestation, during which its cotwin died, we suggest that the variant described can strongly contribute to PVL. The aim of the current study is to establish a plausible association between the PLEKHG1 gene and PVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calì
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Mirella Vinci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Simone Treccarichi
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Carla Papa
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Angelo Gloria
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Antonino Musumeci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Concetta Federico
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Girolamo Aurelio Vitello
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, “Gaetano Barresi” University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.N.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age, “Gaetano Barresi” University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy; (A.G.N.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Luigi Vetri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Elia
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (M.V.); (S.T.); (C.P.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.V.); (L.V.); (M.E.)
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18
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Hossen F, Sun GY, Lee JC. Oligomeric Tau-induced oxidative damage and functional alterations in cerebral endothelial cells: Role of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:261-272. [PMID: 38815773 PMCID: PMC11184584 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite of yet unknown mechanism, microvascular deposition of oligomeric Tau (oTau) has been implicated in alteration of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. In this study, we employed an in vitro BBB model using primary mouse cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of oTau on BBB function. We found that exposing CECs to oTau induced oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase, increased oxidative damage to proteins, decreased proteasome activity, and expressions of tight junction (TJ) proteins including occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5. These effects were suppressed by the pretreatment with Fasudil, a RhoA/ROCK signaling inhibitor. Consistent with the biochemical alterations, we found that exposing the basolateral side of CECs to oTau in the BBB model disrupted the integrity of the BBB, as indicated by an increase in FITC-dextran transport across the model, and a decrease in trans endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). oTau also increased the transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the BBB model. These functional alterations in the BBB induced by oTau were also suppressed by Fasudil. Taken together, our findings suggest that targeting the RhoA/ROCK pathway can be a potential therapeutic strategy to maintain BBB function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Hossen
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - James C Lee
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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19
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Ma M, Xue Z, Li C, Zhang X, Gao J, Deng T, Gao C, Wang N. Inhibition of pseudo-allergic reactions by vitamin K3 directly targeting GAB1 in mast cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112490. [PMID: 38897121 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K3 (VK3), a fat-soluble synthetic analog of the vitamin K family, has coagulant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Pseudo allergy is a IgE-independent immune response associated with mast cells. This study investigated the role of VK3 in IgE-independent mast cell activation. METHODS Substance P (SP) was used to induce LAD2-cell activation in order to analyze the effects of VK3 in vitro. Cutaneous allergy and systemic allergy mouse models were used to analyze the anti-pseudo-allergic effects of VK3. Proteome microarray assays were used to analyze VK3-binding protein. Biolayer interferometry and immunoprecipitation were used to verify interaction between VK3 and its key targets. RNA interference was used to determine the role of GAB1 in LAD2cell activation. RESULTS VK3 inhibited SP-induced LAD2-cell activation, and resulted in the release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine and cytokines; VK3 inhibited SP-induced pseudo allergic reactions in mice, and serum histamine and TNF-α levels decreased. Degranulation of skin mast cells was reduced; GAB1 in mast cells was stably bound to VK3. GAB1 participated in SP-induced LAD2-cell activation. GAB1 knockdown in LAD2 cells prevented SP-induced β-hexosaminidase release, calcium mobilization and cell skeletal remodeling. VK3 directly binds to GAB1 and reduces its expression to inhibited SP-induced LAD2 cell activation. CONCLUSION The anti-pseudo-allergic activity of VK3 was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. VK3 can inhibit SP-induced mast cell activation by directly targeting GAB1. This study provides new insights on the activity of VK3 and the mechanism of pseudoallergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuoyin Xue
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenjia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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20
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Hladyshau S, Guan K, Nivedita N, Errede B, Tsygankov D, Elston TC. Multiscale Modeling of Bistability in the Yeast Polarity Circuit. Cells 2024; 13:1358. [PMID: 39195248 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of proteins and other molecules along a specified axis within a cell. Polarity establishment is the first step in many cellular processes. For example, directed growth or migration requires the formation of a cell front and back. In many cases, polarity occurs in the absence of spatial cues. That is, the cell undergoes symmetry breaking. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow cells to break symmetry and polarize requires computational models that span multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we apply a multiscale modeling approach to examine the polarity circuit of yeast. In addition to symmetry breaking, experiments revealed two key features of the yeast polarity circuit: bistability and rapid dismantling of the polarity site following a loss of signal. We used modeling based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to investigate mechanisms that generate these behaviors. Our analysis revealed that a model involving positive and negative feedback acting on different time scales captured both features. We then extend our ODE model into a coarse-grained reaction-diffusion equation (RDE) model to capture the spatial profiles of polarity factors. After establishing that the coarse-grained RDE model qualitatively captures key features of the polarity circuit, we expand it to more accurately capture the biochemical reactions involved in the system. We convert the expanded model to a particle-based model that resolves individual molecules and captures fluctuations that arise from the stochastic nature of biochemical reactions. Our models assume that negative regulation results from negative feedback. However, experimental observations do not rule out the possibility that negative regulation occurs through an incoherent feedforward loop. Therefore, we conclude by using our RDE model to suggest how negative feedback might be distinguished from incoherent feedforward regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei Hladyshau
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kaiyun Guan
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nivedita Nivedita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beverly Errede
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Timothy C Elston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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21
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Miyamoto S. Untangling the role of RhoA in the heart: protective effect and mechanism. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:579. [PMID: 39122698 PMCID: PMC11315981 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
RhoA (ras homolog family member A) is a small G-protein that transduces intracellular signaling to regulate a broad range of cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, migration, and survival. RhoA serves as a proximal downstream effector of numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is also responsive to various stresses in the heart. Upon its activation, RhoA engages multiple downstream signaling pathways. Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) is the first discovered and best characterized effector or RhoA, playing a major role in cytoskeletal arrangement. Many other RhoA effectors have been identified, including myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), Yes-associated Protein (YAP) and phospholipase Cε (PLCε) to regulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. The role of RhoA signaling in the heart has been increasingly studied in last decades. It was initially suggested that RhoA signaling pathway is maladaptive in the heart, but more recent studies using cardiac-specific expression or deletion of RhoA have revealed that RhoA activation provides cardioprotection against stress through various mechanisms including the novel role of RhoA in mitochondrial quality control. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of RhoA in the heart and its signaling pathways to prevent progression of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA.
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22
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Venugopal S, Dan Q, Sri Theivakadadcham VS, Wu B, Kofler M, Layne MD, Connelly KA, Rzepka MF, Friedberg MK, Kapus A, Szászi K. Regulation of the RhoA exchange factor GEF-H1 by profibrotic stimuli through a positive feedback loop involving RhoA, MRTF, and Sp1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C387-C402. [PMID: 38912734 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
RhoA and its effectors, the transcriptional coactivators myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and serum response factor (SRF), control epithelial phenotype and are indispensable for profibrotic epithelial reprogramming during fibrogenesis. Context-dependent control of RhoA and fibrosis-associated changes in its regulators, however, remain incompletely characterized. We previously identified the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 as a central mediator of RhoA activation in renal tubular cells exposed to inflammatory or fibrotic stimuli. Here we found that GEF-H1 expression and phosphorylation were strongly elevated in two animal models of fibrosis. In the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction mouse kidney fibrosis model, GEF-H1 was upregulated predominantly in the tubular compartment. GEF-H1 was also elevated and phosphorylated in a rat pulmonary artery banding (PAB) model of right ventricular fibrosis. Prolonged stimulation of LLC-PK1 tubular cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 increased GEF-H1 expression and activated a luciferase-coupled GEF-H1 promoter. Knockdown and overexpression studies revealed that these effects were mediated by RhoA, cytoskeleton remodeling, and MRTF, indicative of a positive feedback cycle. Indeed, silencing endogenous GEF-H1 attenuated activation of the GEF-H1 promoter. Of importance, inhibition of MRTF using CCG-1423 prevented GEF-H1 upregulation in both animal models. MRTF-dependent increase in GEF-H1 was prevented by inhibition of the transcription factor Sp1, and mutating putative Sp1 binding sites in the GEF-H1 promoter eliminated its MRTF-dependent activation. As the GEF-H1/RhoA axis is key for fibrogenesis, this novel MRTF/Sp1-dependent regulation of GEF-H1 abundance represents a potential target for reducing renal and cardiac fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that expression of the RhoA regulator GEF-H1 is upregulated in tubular cells exposed to fibrogenic cytokines and in animal models of kidney and heart fibrosis. We identify a pathway wherein GEF-H1/RhoA-dependent MRTF activation through its noncanonical partner Sp1 upregulates GEF-H1. Our data reveal the existence of a positive feedback cycle that enhances Rho signaling through control of both GEF-H1 activation and expression. This feedback loop may play an important role in organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Venugopal
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veroni S Sri Theivakadadcham
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Wu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kofler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark F Rzepka
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Center Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Gao C, Shang J, Sun Z, Xia M, Gao D, Sun R, Li W, Wang F, Zhang J. Presenilin2 D439A Mutation Induces Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Fusion/Fission Dynamics and Abnormal Regulation of GTPase Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5047-5070. [PMID: 38159198 PMCID: PMC11249618 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease, and approximately 10% of AD cases are early-onset familial AD (EOFAD), which is mainly linked to point mutations in genes encoding presenilins (PS1 and PS2). Mutations in PS2 are extremely rare and have not received enough attention. Recently, studies have found that Rho GTPase activity is closely related to the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we used transcriptome sequencing in PS2 siRNA-transfected SH-SY5Y cells and found a group of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the regulation of GTPase activity. Among those DEGs, the most significantly downregulated was Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5 (ARHGEF5). GTPase activity in PS2 siRNA-transfected cells was significantly decreased. Then, we found that the expression of ARHGEF5 and the GTPase activity of Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 (Miro2) in PS2 D439A mutant SH-SY5Y cells were significantly decreased. We found for the first time that PS2 can bind to Miro2, and the PS2 D439A mutation reduced the binding between PS2 and Miro2, reduced the expression of Miro2, and resulted in an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics. In conclusion, PS2 gene knockdown may participate in the pathogenesis of AD through the regulation of GTPase activity. The imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics mediated by the PS2 D439A mutation through regulation of the expression and GTPase activity of Miro2 may be a potential pathogenic mechanism of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Junkui Shang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhengyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Mingrong Xia
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ruihua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
- Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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24
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Qiu R, Cai Y, Su Y, Fan K, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Emerging insights into Lipocalin-2: Unraveling its role in Parkinson's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116947. [PMID: 38901198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, marked by a complex pathogenesis. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) emerges as a crucial factor during the progression of PD. Belonging to the lipocalin family, LCN2 is integral to several biological functions, including glial cell activation, iron homeostasis regulation, immune response, inflammatory reactions, and oxidative stress mitigation. Substantial research has highlighted marked increases in LCN2 expression within the substantia nigra (SN), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood of individuals with PD. This review focuses on the pathological roles of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, aging, neuronal damage, and iron dysregulation in PD. It aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of LCN2 in the disease and potential therapeutic targets that could inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yana Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangli Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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25
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Yu Z, Yuan J, Yu Y. Heraclenin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells by activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:1065-1077. [PMID: 38258549 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a devastating skeletal disease, the pathogenesis of which is related to abnormal bone metabolism, featured by the imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. Stem cell-based therapies have been demonstrated to improve osteoporosis treatment. Previously, the linear furanocoumarin heraclenin was reported to enhance osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), suggesting its potential for osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Our study was designed to confirm the promotive role of heraclenin on osteogenic differentiation of human bone MSCs (BMSCs) and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human BMSCs were treated for 24, 48, and 72h with heraclenin (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μM), and cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. To further evaluate the cytotoxicity of heraclenin, cell suspension obtained from BMSCs treated with heraclenin (5, 10, and 20 μM) for 72h was subjected to a MUSE™ cell analyzer for cell viability and count assay. BMSCs were incubated in osteogenic induction medium for 7 days. Then, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of BMSCs were assessed through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S staining. The expression of osteogenesis markers including ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was detected via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The effects of heraclenin on the RhoA/ROCK pathway were estimated through western blotting. Y-27632, the ROCK inhibitor, was used to confirm the role of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in heraclenin-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RESULTS Heraclenin (5-80 μM) was non-toxic on human BMSCs. Heraclenin treatment (5-20 μM) dose-dependently enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition. Furthermore, heraclenin promoted ALP, OCN, OSX, and RUNX2 mRNA and protein expression. Mechanically, heraclenin treatment increased RhoA and ROCK1 mRNA expression, stimulated the translocation of ROCK from the cytosolic to the membrane fraction, and elevated the protein levels of phosphorylated cofilin (p-cofilin) and active RhoA. Additionally, treatment with Y-27632 overturned the promotion of heraclenin on ALP activity, calcium deposition, the expression of osteogenesis markers, and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Heraclenin facilitates the osteogenic differentiation of human BMSCs through the activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics 3, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
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26
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Wilson ZS, Raya-Sandino A, Miranda J, Fan S, Brazil JC, Quiros M, Garcia-Hernandez V, Liu Q, Kim CH, Hankenson KD, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Critical role of thrombospondin-1 in promoting intestinal mucosal wound repair. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e180608. [PMID: 39078701 PMCID: PMC11385097 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.180608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a matricellular protein associated with the regulation of cell migration through direct binding interactions with integrin proteins and by associating with other receptors known to regulate integrin function, including CD47 and CD36. We previously demonstrated that deletion of an epithelial TSP1 receptor, CD47, attenuates epithelial wound repair following intestinal mucosal injury. However, the mechanisms by which TSP1 contributes to intestinal mucosal repair remain poorly understood. Our results show upregulated TSP1 expression in colonic mucosal wounds and impaired intestinal mucosal wound healing in vivo upon intestinal epithelium-specific loss of TSP1 (VillinCre/+ Thbs1fl/fl or Thbs1ΔIEC mice). We report that exposure to exogenous TSP1 enhanced migration of intestinal epithelial cells in a CD47- and TGF-β1-dependent manner and that deficiency of TSP1 in primary murine colonic epithelial cells resulted in impaired wound healing. Mechanistically, TSP1 modulated epithelial actin cytoskeletal dynamics through suppression of RhoA activity, activation of Rho family small GTPase (Rac1), and changes in filamentous-actin bundling. Overall, TSP1 was found to regulate intestinal mucosal wound healing via CD47 and TGF-β1, coordinate integrin-containing cell-matrix adhesion dynamics, and remodel the actin cytoskeleton in migrating epithelial cells to enhance cell motility and promote wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, and
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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27
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Hong Q, Hu H, Liu D, Hu X, Wang Z, Zhou D. Bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes in lung cancer bone metastasis and their implications for disease progression in lung cancer patients. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:4666-4677. [PMID: 39144363 PMCID: PMC11320291 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-24-1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Moreover, it is highly susceptible to distant metastasis, which is the main cause of pain in advanced lung cancer, and frequently occurs in the bone. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to metastatic bone disease in lung cancer using bioinformatics methods and to analyze the risk factors influencing the incidence of secondary bone metastasis in lung cancer. Methods Gene expression profiles from the GSE175601 and GSE10799 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed to screen for the DEGs associated with lung cancer bone metastasis. The STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the MCODE plugin was used to identify the key genes. The expression of these important genes in lung tumor tissues and their correlation with prognosis were validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. An examination of clinical data from patients diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma treated at the Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital was conducted. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of key genes in lung cancer tumor tissues. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the interactions in the expression of critical genes associated with bone metastasis in lung carcinoma patients. Results In total, 59 DEGs were identified in the GSE175601 and GSE10799 datasets through Venn diagram construction. The PPI network analysis revealed two significant modules and eight candidate genes (LAPTM5, LCP2, CD53, ARHGAP25, C1QA, DES, MYH11, and VIM). According to TCGA database analysis, in carcinogenic tissues of the lung, the expression of these eight critical genes is downregulated. Further, only the lung cancer patients who had high expressions of ARHGAP25 had an improved progress-free interval (PFI) (P<0.05), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). Of the 49 with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma patients included in the study, 27 (55.10%) developed bone metastasis. The immunohistochemical (IHC) results indicated that the expression score of ARHGAP25 was significantly lower in the group with bone metastasis (3.93±2.95) than the group without bone metastasis (6.64±3.62) (P=0.006). The proportion of patients with low ARHGAP25 expression was significantly higher in the group with bone metastasis (70.37%, 19/27) than the group without bone metastasis (31.82%, 7/22) (P=0.007). The binary logistic regression analysis identified serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ARHGAP25 expression levels as independent risk factors for the occurrence of secondary bone metastatic disease in lung carcinoma patients. Conclusions The key gene ARHGAP25 identified through bioinformatics for lung cancer bone metastasis was significantly downregulated. Its low expression constitutes an independent risk factor for secondary bone metastatic disease in patients with lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Hong
- Department of Oncology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhanggui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Daoping Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
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28
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Caragli V, Genovese E, Parretta S, Pellegrino M, Ciorba A. Auditory and Language Abilities in Children with Takenouchi-Kosaki Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:974. [PMID: 39202334 PMCID: PMC11353408 DOI: 10.3390/genes15080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Takenouchi-Kosaki syndrome (TKS) is a rare congenital disease caused by a de novo mutation in the Cell Division Cycle 42 (CDC42) gene. Patients with TKS present facial and body dysmorphisms, hematologic and immune dysregulation, intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental delay and hearing loss. The aim of this study is to review the literature, focusing on hearing and language abilities in children with TKS. A systematic search on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed, including twelve studies for a total of 13 patients. Hearing loss (HL) occurs in a great percentage of patients (84.6%); nonetheless, auditory threshold, severity of HL and language abilities were reported in a few cases. In two studies, auditory rehabilitation strategies were described. Although several studies have investigated the hematological features of TKS, still only a few authors have focused on the audiological and language abilities of these children. Given the fact that HL has a significant impact on behaviors, communications skills, and quality of life, it is important to adequately assess and rehabilitate patients early with this syndrome. Further studies are needed to improve the knowledge about this topic and improve the quality of life of patients with TKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caragli
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Genovese
- Audiology Program, Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Parretta
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciorba
- ENT & Audiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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29
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Bu L, Wang M, Liu X, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liang F, Huang B, Huang J, Wu S, Tang X, Wang X, Zhang L. Emu oil alleviates atopic dermatitis-like responses by inhibiting Cdc42 signaling of keratinocyte. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112706. [PMID: 39032473 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Emu oil is the oil extracted from the body fat of the Australian bird emu. Although previous studies have reported that emu oil has anti-inflammatory effects, the effect and mechanism of emu oil on the treatment of atopic dermatitis have not been reported. Here, 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene was used to induce atopic dermatitis-like appearance on the back skin of C57BL/6 mice. And then, the effect of emu oil in the atopic dermatitis treatment was evaluated. We found that emu oil reduced the transdermal water loss in the atopic dermatitis model. Additionally, the epidermal thickness treated with emu oil was significantly thinner. The number of mast cells and inflammatory cells were significantly decreased. The thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is secreted by keratinocyte, was decreased significantly after treatment. Moreover, the serum levels of cytokines TSLP, interleukin-4, interleukin-13, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E were decreased after emu oil treatment. Surprisingly, we found that the high level of Cdc42 expression in the atopic dermatitis, which was decreased after emu oil treatment. To detect the role of Cdc42 in atopic dermatitis, we constructed atopic dermatitis model in mice with sustained activation of Cdc42 signaling. Furthermore, we have confirmed that emu oil demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in atopic dermatitis by inhibiting the expression of Cdc42 signaling in keratinocytes. In conclusion, we discovered a new role of Cdc42 in the development of atopic dermatitis, which mediated the therapeutic effect of emu oil on atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Bu
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Guangzhou Dublin International College of Life Sciences and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yarui Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengting Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingli Huang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyuan Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenhua Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Tang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueer Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Changji Branch Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Changji, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GDMPA Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Graham K, Lienau P, Bader B, Prechtl S, Naujoks J, Lesche R, Weiske J, Kuehnlenz J, Brzezinka K, Potze L, Zanconato F, Nicke B, Montebaur A, Bone W, Golfier S, Kaulfuss S, Kopitz C, Pilari S, Steuber H, Hayat S, Kamburov A, Steffen A, Schlicker A, Buchgraber P, Braeuer N, Font NA, Heinrich T, Kuhnke L, Nowak-Reppel K, Stresemann C, Steigemann P, Walter AO, Blotta S, Ocker M, Lakner A, von Nussbaum F, Mumberg D, Eis K, Piccolo S, Lange M. Discovery of YAP1/TAZ pathway inhibitors through phenotypic screening with potent anti-tumor activity via blockade of Rho-GTPase signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1247-1263.e16. [PMID: 38537632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
This study describes the identification and target deconvolution of small molecule inhibitors of oncogenic Yes-associated protein (YAP1)/TAZ activity with potent anti-tumor activity in vivo. A high-throughput screen (HTS) of 3.8 million compounds was conducted using a cellular YAP1/TAZ reporter assay. Target deconvolution studies identified the geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I) complex as the direct target of YAP1/TAZ pathway inhibitors. The small molecule inhibitors block the activation of Rho-GTPases, leading to subsequent inactivation of YAP1/TAZ and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Multi-parameter optimization resulted in BAY-593, an in vivo probe with favorable PK properties, which demonstrated anti-tumor activity and blockade of YAP1/TAZ signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Graham
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Prechtl
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Naujoks
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Weiske
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kuehnlenz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Brzezinka
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisette Potze
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Zanconato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Nicke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Montebaur
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bone
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Golfier
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaulfuss
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kopitz
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Pilari
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Steuber
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Atanas Kamburov
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlicker
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Buchgraber
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Braeuer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nuria Aiguabella Font
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Heinrich
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Kuhnke
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Nowak-Reppel
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo Stresemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Steigemann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette O Walter
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simona Blotta
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashley Lakner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz von Nussbaum
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Eis
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy; IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Lange
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Nuvisan ICB GmbH, Muellerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Khalil NN, Rexius-Hall ML, Gupta D, McCarthy L, Verma R, Kellogg AC, Takamoto K, Xu M, Nejatpoor T, Parker SJ, McCain ML. Hypoxic-Normoxic Crosstalk Activates Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myocytes in a Post-Infarct Myocardium on a Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401478. [PMID: 39001626 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions locally deprive myocardium of oxygenated blood and cause immediate cardiac myocyte necrosis. Irreparable myocardium is then replaced with a scar through a dynamic repair process that is an interplay between hypoxic cells of the infarct zone and normoxic cells of adjacent healthy myocardium. In many cases, unresolved inflammation or fibrosis occurs for reasons that are incompletely understood, increasing the risk of heart failure. Crosstalk between hypoxic and normoxic cardiac cells is hypothesized to regulate mechanisms of repair after a myocardial infarction. To test this hypothesis, microfluidic devices are fabricated on 3D printed templates for co-culturing hypoxic and normoxic cardiac cells. This system demonstrates that hypoxia drives human cardiac fibroblasts toward glycolysis and a pro-fibrotic phenotype, similar to the anti-inflammatory phase of wound healing. Co-culture with normoxic fibroblasts uniquely upregulates pro-inflammatory signaling in hypoxic fibroblasts, including increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In co-culture with hypoxic fibroblasts, normoxic human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac myocytes also increase pro-inflammatory signaling, including upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) family signaling pathway and increased expression of IL-6 receptor. Together, these data suggest that crosstalk between hypoxic fibroblasts and normoxic cardiac cells uniquely activates phenotypes that resemble the initial pro-inflammatory phase of post-infarct wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie N Khalil
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Megan L Rexius-Hall
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Liam McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Riya Verma
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Austin C Kellogg
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Kaelyn Takamoto
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Maryann Xu
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tiana Nejatpoor
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sarah J Parker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Müller L, Keil R, Glaß M, Hatzfeld M. Plakophilin 4 controls the spatio-temporal activity of RhoA at adherens junctions to promote cortical actin ring formation and tissue tension. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:291. [PMID: 38970683 PMCID: PMC11335210 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plakophilin 4 (PKP4) is a component of cell-cell junctions that regulates intercellular adhesion and Rho-signaling during cytokinesis with an unknown function during epidermal differentiation. Here we show that keratinocytes lacking PKP4 fail to develop a cortical actin ring, preventing adherens junction maturation and generation of tissue tension. Instead, PKP4-depleted cells display increased stress fibers. PKP4-dependent RhoA localization at AJs was required to activate a RhoA-ROCK2-MLCK-MLC2 axis and organize actin into a cortical ring. AJ-associated PKP4 provided a scaffold for the Rho activator ARHGEF2 and the RhoA effectors MLCK and MLC2, facilitating the spatio-temporal activation of RhoA signaling at cell junctions to allow cortical ring formation and actomyosin contraction. In contrast, association of PKP4 with the Rho suppressor ARHGAP23 reduced ARHGAP23 binding to RhoA which prevented RhoA activation in the cytoplasm and stress fiber formation. These data identify PKP4 as an AJ component that transduces mechanical signals into cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
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Wang W, Xia H, Feng P, Dai B. Identification and characterization of RAC1-related immune and prognostic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3719. [PMID: 38979878 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with significant variability in prognosis among patients. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is a key focus in the area of cancer research. However, the molecular mechanisms of RAC1 in HCC remain incompletely elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, bioinformatics analysis was used, and public databases were used to obtain information about HCC cases. The samples were categorized into two groups of high and low expression based on the expression level of RAC1 gene. The limma package was used to calculate the differentially expressed genes between the two groups, and univariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen the prognostic related factors. Consensus clustering analysis was performed using the ConsensusClusterPlus package to identify molecular subtypes of HCC patients. Immune cell infiltration and ESTIMATE scores were assessed using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis and ESTIMATE algorithms. The sensitivity of different isoforms to chemotherapeutic agents was predicted by the oncoPredict package. Finally, we also performed cell function experiments to validate the biological role of RAC1 in vitro. Initially, we classified patients into high and low expression groups based on RAC1 gene expression levels and identified 195 up-regulated genes and 107 down-regulated genes. Through univariate Cox regression analysis, we screened out 169 prognosis-related factors. Furthermore, HCC patients were categorized into two subtypes. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that there was a significant difference in prognosis between the two molecular subtypes. Further analysis indicated substantial differences in gene expression levels and TIDE scores between two molecular subtypes. Moreover, these two subtypes exhibited varying sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, as evidenced by differences in IC50 values. In addition, we found that the silence of RAC1 could effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the molecular intricacies of RAC1 in HCC and identifies patient populations that may benefit from immunotherapeutic interventions, with potential implications for tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Wong Z, Ong EBB. Unravelling bacterial virulence factors in yeast: From identification to the elucidation of their mechanisms of action. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:303. [PMID: 38878203 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria employ virulence factors (VF) to establish infection and cause disease in their host. Yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pombe, are useful model organisms to study the functions of bacterial VFs and their interaction with targeted cellular processes because yeast processes and organelle structures are highly conserved and similar to higher eukaryotes. In this review, we describe the principles and applications of the yeast model for the identification and functional characterisation of bacterial VFs to investigate bacterial pathogenesis. The growth inhibition phenotype caused by the heterologous expression of bacterial VFs in yeast is commonly used to identify candidate VFs. Then, subcellular localisation patterns of bacterial VFs can provide further clues about their target molecules and functions during infection. Yeast knockout and overexpression libraries are also used to investigate VF interactions with conserved eukaryotic cell structures (e.g., cytoskeleton and plasma membrane), and cellular processes (e.g., vesicle trafficking, signalling pathways, and programmed cell death). In addition, the yeast growth inhibition phenotype is also useful for screening new drug leads that target and inhibit bacterial VFs. This review provides an updated overview of new tools, principles and applications to study bacterial VFs in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenPei Wong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia
| | - Eugene Boon Beng Ong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia.
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Zheng S, Zhao N, Feng C, Ma J. Cell division cycle 42 attenuates high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammation, but activates the PAK1/AKT pathway. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:513-521. [PMID: 38416339 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) modulates metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis to engage in the pathology of diabetic complications. This study intended to further investigate the influence of CDC42 on viability, apoptosis, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis in high glucose (HG)-treated renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS HK-2 cells were exposed to HG medium (30 mM) to establish the diabetic nephropathy (DN) cellular model, then the cells were transfected with scramble overexpression control (oeNC) or CDC42 overexpression (oeCDC42) vectors. RESULTS Both the level of CDC42 mRNA and protein were decreased in HG-treated HK-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Then HG-treated HK-2 cells were proposed for the following experiments. It was found that CDC42 increased CCK-8 detected viability and EdU positive cells. On the contrary, CDC42 reduced cell apoptosis, which was reflected by decreased TUNEL positive rate, increased BCL2, and reduced BAX. Interestingly, CDC42 inhibited fibrosis, which was reflected by increased E-Cadherin, as well as decreased Vimentin, TGF-β1, Collagen1, and α-SMA. Apart from these, CDC42 also attenuated proinflammatory cytokine production, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, CDC42 activated the PAK1/AKT pathway, which was reflected by increased p-PAK1 and p-AKT. However, CDC42 did not affect p-ERK. CONCLUSION CDC42 may retard DN progression via its regulation of renal tubular epithelial cell functions, which may be due to its stimulation of the PAK1/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zheng
- Clinical Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 26 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chuwen Feng
- Teaching and Research Department of Western Medicine Internal Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 26 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Fei H, Shi X, Sun D, Yang H, Wang D, Li K, Si X, Hu W. Integrated analysis identified the role of three family members of ARHGAP in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11790. [PMID: 38783033 PMCID: PMC11116390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase activating protein family (ARHGAPs) is expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) but its function is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role and potential clinical value of ARHGAPs in PAAD. Using TCGA and GEO databases to analyze expression of ARHGAPs in PAAD and normal tissues. Survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier. ARHGAPs were integrated analyzed by GEPIA2, TIMER, UCLCAN, cBioPortal and R language. Protein level and prognostic value were evaluated via IHC staining or survival analysis. We totally identify 18 differentially expressed (DE) ARHGAPs in PAAD. Among the 18 DE genes, 8 were positively correlated with tumor grade; abnorrmal expression of 5 was positively correlated with copy number variation; expression of 4 was positively correlated with promoter hypomethylation. Multivariate Cox regression identified ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 as independent prognostic factors of PAAD. The function of ARHGAPs was mainly related to GTPase activity and signaling, axon guidance, proteoglycans in cancer and focal adhesion. Expression of 7 ARHGAPs was strongly correlated with immune infiltration. Immunohistochemistry showed increased protein levels of ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 in PAAD tissues. Survival analysis confirmed a negative correlation between ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 expression and patient prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression proved ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 could serve as independent prognostic indicators for PAAD. Finally, this study verified ARHGAP5, ARHGAP11A, and ARHGAP12 as independent prognostic factors in PAAD, suggesting their significance for the diagnosis and treatment of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Fei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Haishen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dali Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China.
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Gathings A, Zaman V, Banik NL, Haque A. Insights into Calpain Activation and Rho-ROCK Signaling in Parkinson's Disease and Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1074. [PMID: 38791036 PMCID: PMC11117523 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, has no cure, and current therapies are not effective at halting disease progression. The disease affects mid-brain dopaminergic neurons and, subsequently, the spinal cord, contributing to many debilitating symptoms associated with PD. The GTP-binding protein, Rho, plays a significant role in the cellular pathology of PD. The downstream effector of Rho, Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), plays multiple functions, including microglial activation and induction of inflammatory responses. Activated microglia have been implicated in the pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, that initiate inflammatory responses, leading to neuron death. Calpain expression and activity is increased following glial activation, which triggers the Rho-ROCK pathway and induces inflammatory T cell activation and migration as well as mediates toxic α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation and neuron death, indicating a pivotal role for calpain in the inflammatory and degenerative processes in PD. Increased calpain activity and Rho-ROCK activation may represent a new mechanism for increased oxidative damage in aging. This review will summarize calpain activation and the role of the Rho-ROCK pathway in oxidative stress and α-syn aggregation, their influence on the neurodegenerative process in PD and aging, and possible strategies and research directions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gathings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Vandana Zaman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Narendra L. Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (A.G.); (N.L.B.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Dietze R, Szymanski W, Ojasalu K, Finkernagel F, Nist A, Stiewe T, Graumann J, Müller R. Phosphoproteomics Reveals Selective Regulation of Signaling Pathways by Lysophosphatidic Acid Species in Macrophages. Cells 2024; 13:810. [PMID: 38786034 PMCID: PMC11119170 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species, prevalent in the tumor microenvironment (TME), adversely impact various cancers. In ovarian cancer, the 18:0 and 20:4 LPA species are selectively associated with shorter relapse-free survival, indicating distinct effects on cellular signaling networks. Macrophages represent a cell type of high relevance in the TME, but the impact of LPA on these cells remains obscure. Here, we uncovered distinct LPA-species-specific responses in human monocyte-derived macrophages through unbiased phosphoproteomics, with 87 and 161 phosphosites upregulated by 20:4 and 18:0 LPA, respectively, and only 24 shared sites. Specificity was even more pronounced for downregulated phosphosites (163 versus 5 sites). Considering the high levels 20:4 LPA in the TME and its selective association with poor survival, this finding may hold significant implications. Pathway analysis pinpointed RHO/RAC1 GTPase signaling as the predominantly impacted target, including AHRGEF and DOCK guanine exchange factors, ARHGAP GTPase activating proteins, and regulatory protein kinases. Consistent with these findings, exposure to 20:4 resulted in strong alterations to the actin filament network and a consequent enhancement of macrophage migration. Moreover, 20:4 LPA induced p38 phosphorylation, a response not mirrored by 18:0 LPA, whereas the pattern for AKT was reversed. Furthermore, RNA profiling identified genes involved in cholesterol/lipid metabolism as selective targets of 20:4 LPA. These findings imply that the two LPA species cooperatively regulate different pathways to support functions essential for pro-tumorigenic macrophages within the TME. These include cellular survival via AKT activation and migration through RHO/RAC1 and p38 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Dietze
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (R.D.); (K.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Witold Szymanski
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kaire Ojasalu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (R.D.); (K.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (R.D.); (K.O.); (F.F.)
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (R.D.); (K.O.); (F.F.)
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Chen XY, Cheng AY, Wang ZY, Jin JM, Lin JY, Wang B, Guan YY, Zhang H, Jiang YX, Luan X, Zhang LJ. Dbl family RhoGEFs in cancer: different roles and targeting strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116141. [PMID: 38499108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Small Ras homologous guanosine triphosphatase (Rho GTPase) family proteins are highly associated with tumorigenesis and development. As intrinsic exchange activity regulators of Rho GTPases, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) have been demonstrated to be closely involved in tumor development and received increasing attention. They mainly contain two families: the diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) family and the dedicator of cytokinesis (Dock) family. More and more emphasis has been paid to the Dbl family members for their abnormally high expression in various cancers and their correlation to poor prognosis. In this review, the common and distinctive structures of Dbl family members are discussed, and their roles in cancer are summarized with a focus on Ect2, Tiam1/2, P-Rex1/2, Vav1/2/3, Trio, KALRN, and LARG. Significantly, the strategies targeting Dbl family RhoGEFs are highlighted as novel therapeutic opportunities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ao-Yu Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science&Technology, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jin-Mei Jin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Yi Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Xin Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Wu S, Tan Y, Li F, Han Y, Zhang S, Lin X. CD44: a cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target in leukemia treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354992. [PMID: 38736891 PMCID: PMC11082360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a ubiquitous leukocyte adhesion molecule involved in cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion, migration, homing and differentiation. CD44 can mediate the interaction between leukemic stem cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix, thereby inducing a cascade of signaling pathways to regulate their various behaviors. In this review, we focus on the impact of CD44s/CD44v as biomarkers in leukemia development and discuss the current research and prospects for CD44-related interventions in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yicheng Tan
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Han
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Key laboratory of Hematology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gadal S, Boyer JA, Roy SF, Outmezguine NA, Sharma M, Li H, Fan N, Chan E, Romin Y, Barlas A, Chang Q, Pancholi P, Timaul NM, Overholtzer M, Yaeger R, Manova-Todorova K, de Stanchina E, Bosenberg M, Rosen N. Tumorigenesis driven by the BRAF V600E oncoprotein requires secondary mutations that overcome its feedback inhibition of migration and invasion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.21.568071. [PMID: 38659913 PMCID: PMC11042182 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BRAFV600E mutation occurs in 46% of melanomas and drives high levels of ERK activity and ERK-dependent proliferation. However, BRAFV600E is insufficient to drive melanoma in GEMM models, and 82% of human benign nevi harbor BRAFV600E mutations. We show here that BRAFV600E inhibits mesenchymal migration by causing feedback inhibition of RAC1 activity. ERK pathway inhibition induces RAC1 activation and restores migration and invasion. In cells with BRAFV600E, mutant RAC1, overexpression of PREX1, PREX2, or PTEN inactivation restore RAC1 activity and cell motility. Together, these lesions occur in 48% of BRAFV600E melanomas. Thus, although BRAFV600E activation of ERK deregulates cell proliferation, it prevents full malignant transformation by causing feedback inhibition of cell migration. Secondary mutations are, therefore, required for tumorigenesis. One mechanism underlying tumor evolution may be the selection of lesions that rescue the deleterious effects of oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyana Gadal
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacob A. Boyer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Simon F. Roy
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Noah A. Outmezguine
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Malvika Sharma
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hongyan Li
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ning Fan
- Molecular Cytology Core, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric Chan
- Molecular Cytology Core, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Afsar Barlas
- Molecular Cytology Core, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Priya Pancholi
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neilawattie. Merna Timaul
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Lead Contact
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Pinoșanu EA, Pîrșcoveanu D, Albu CV, Burada E, Pîrvu A, Surugiu R, Sandu RE, Serb AF. Rhoa/ROCK, mTOR and Secretome-Based Treatments for Ischemic Stroke: New Perspectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3484-3501. [PMID: 38666949 PMCID: PMC11049286 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke triggers a complex cascade of cellular and molecular events leading to neuronal damage and tissue injury. This review explores the potential therapeutic avenues targeting cellular signaling pathways implicated in stroke pathophysiology. Specifically, it focuses on the articles that highlight the roles of RhoA/ROCK and mTOR signaling pathways in ischemic brain injury and their therapeutic implications. The RhoA/ROCK pathway modulates various cellular processes, including cytoskeletal dynamics and inflammation, while mTOR signaling regulates cell growth, proliferation, and autophagy. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of targeting these pathways in stroke models, offering insights into potential treatment strategies. However, challenges such as off-target effects and the need for tissue-specific targeting remain. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of MSC secretome in stroke treatment, highlighting the importance of exploring alternative approaches. Future research directions include elucidating the precise mechanisms of action, optimizing treatment protocols, and translating preclinical findings into clinical practice for improved stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anca Pinoșanu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania
| | - Denisa Pîrșcoveanu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Emilia Burada
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Andrei Pîrvu
- Dolj County Regional Centre of Medical Genetics, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Craiova, St. Tabaci, No. 1, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Raluca Elena Sandu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania; (E.A.P.); (D.P.); (C.V.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, St. Petru Rares, No. 2-4, 200433 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Alina Florina Serb
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Biochemistry Discipline, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Ren L, Li J, Lin W, Lou L, Wang M, Li C, Jiang Y. Proteomic analysis of DEN and CCl 4-induced hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8013. [PMID: 38580754 PMCID: PMC10997670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously threatens human health, mostly developed from liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Since diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HCC mouse model almost recapitulates the characteristic of HCC with fibrosis and inflammation, it is taken as an essential tool to investigate the pathogenesis of HCC. However, a comprehensive understanding of the protein expression profile of this model is little. In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of this model to elucidate its proteomic characteristics. Compared with normal liver tissues, 432 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in tumor tissues, among which 365 were up-regulated and 67 were down-regulated. Through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis and Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis of DEPs, we identified two distinguishing features of DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model in protein expression, the upregulation of actin cytoskeleton and branched-chain amino acids metabolic reprogramming. In addition, matching DEPs from the mouse model to homologous proteins in the human HCC cohort revealed that the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model was relatively similar to the subtype of HCC with poor prognosis. Finally, combining clinical information from the HCC cohort, we screened seven proteins with prognostic significance, SMAD2, PTPN1, PCNA, MTHFD1L, MBOAT7, FABP5, and AGRN. Overall, we provided proteomic data of the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model and highlighted the important proteins and pathways in it, contributing to the rational application of this model in HCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liangliang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Junqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lijuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Monteiro MM, Gomes CC, Cruz MC, Horliana ACRT, Hamassaki DE, Lima CR, Santos MF. High glucose impairs human periodontal ligament cells migration through lowered microRNAs 221 and 222. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:336-345. [PMID: 38041212 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of miR-221 and miR-222 and high glucose on human periodontal ligament (PL) cells morphology, cytoskeleton, adhesion, and migration. BACKGROUND Chronic hyperglycemia is common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and plays a central role in long-term DM complications, such as impaired periodontal healing. We have previously shown that high glucose increases apoptosis of human PL cells by inhibiting miR-221 and miR-222 and consequently augmenting their target caspase-3. However, other effects of miR-221/222 downregulation on PL cells are still unknown. METHODS Cells from young humans' premolar teeth were cultured for 7 days under 5 or 30 mM glucose. Directional and spontaneous migration on fibronectin were studied using transwell and time-lapse assays, respectively. F-actin staining was employed to study cell morphology and the actin cytoskeleton. MiR-221 and miR-222 were inhibited using antagomiRs, and their expressions were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS High glucose inhibited PL cells early adhesion, spreading, and migration on fibronectin. Cells exposed to high glucose showed reduced polarization, velocity, and directionality. They formed several simultaneous unstable and short-lived protrusions, suggesting impairment of adhesion maturation. MiR-221 and miR-222 inhibition also reduced migration, decreasing cell directionality but not significantly cell velocity. After miR-221 and miR-222 downregulation cells showed morphological resemblance with cells exposed to high glucose. CONCLUSION High glucose impairs human PL cells migration potentially through a mechanism involving reduction of microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 expression. These effects may contribute to the impairment of periodontal healing, especially after surgery and during guided regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Marin Monteiro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cibele Crastequini Gomes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Costa Cruz
- Center of Facilities for Research Support (CEFAP-USP), Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dânia Emi Hamassaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cilene Rebouças Lima
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinilce F Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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45
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Moody JC, Qadota H, Benian GM. The RhoGAP RRC-1 is required for the assembly or stability of integrin adhesion complexes and is a member of the PIX pathway in muscle. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar58. [PMID: 38446619 PMCID: PMC11064667 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
GTPases cycle between active GTP bound and inactive GDP bound forms. Exchange of GDP for GTP is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) accelerate GTP hydrolysis, to promote the GDP bound form. We reported that the RacGEF, PIX-1, is required for assembly of integrin adhesion complexes (IAC) in striated muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans. In C. elegans, IACs are found at the muscle cell boundaries (MCBs), and bases of sarcomeric M-lines and dense bodies (Z-disks). Screening C. elegans mutants in proteins containing RhoGAP domains revealed that loss of function of rrc-1 results in loss of IAC components at MCBs, disorganization of M-lines and dense bodies, and reduced whole animal locomotion. RRC-1 localizes to MCBs, like PIX-1. The localization of RRC-1 at MCBs requires PIX-1, and the localization of PIX-1 requires RRC-1. Loss of function of CED-10 (Rac) shows lack of PIX-1 and RRC-1 at MCBs. RRC-1 exists in a complex with PIX-1. Transgenic rescue of rrc-1 was achieved with wild type RRC-1 but not RRC-1 with a missense mutation in a highly conserved residue of the RhoGAP domain. Our results are consistent with RRC-1 being a RhoGAP for the PIX pathway in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Qadota
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Guy M. Benian
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Bailly C, Degand C, Laine W, Sauzeau V, Kluza J. Implication of Rac1 GTPase in molecular and cellular mitochondrial functions. Life Sci 2024; 342:122510. [PMID: 38387701 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Rac1 is a member of the Rho GTPase family which plays major roles in cell mobility, polarity and migration, as a fundamental regulator of actin cytoskeleton. Signal transduction by Rac1 occurs through interaction with multiple effector proteins, and its activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The small protein is mainly anchored to the inner side of the plasma membrane but it can be found in endocellular compartments, notably endosomes and cell nuclei. The protein localizes also into mitochondria where it contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, including both mitobiogenesis and mitophagy, in addition to signaling processes via different protein partners, such as the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and chaperone sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R). The mitochondrial form of Rac1 (mtRac1) has been understudied thus far, but it is as essential as the nuclear or plasma membrane forms, via its implication in regulation of oxidative stress and DNA damages. Rac1 is subject to diverse post-translational modifications, notably to a geranylgeranylation which contributes importantly to its mitochondrial import and its anchorage to mitochondrial membranes. In addition, Rac1 contributes to the mitochondrial translocation of other proteins, such as p53. The mitochondrial localization and functions of Rac1 are discussed here, notably in the context of human diseases such as cancers. Inhibitors of Rac1 have been identified (NSC-23766, EHT-1864) and some are being developed for the treatment of cancer (MBQ-167) or central nervous system diseases (JK-50561). Their effects on mtRac1 warrant further investigations. An overview of mtRac1 is provided here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France; OncoWitan, Consulting Scientific Office, Lille (Wasquehal) 59290, France.
| | - Claire Degand
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - William Laine
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Kluza
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
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Shi Q, Zhao R, Chen L, Liu T, Di T, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Wang F, Han Z, Sun J, Liu S. Newcastle disease virus activates diverse signaling pathways via Src to facilitate virus entry into host macrophages. J Virol 2024; 98:e0191523. [PMID: 38334327 PMCID: PMC10949470 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01915-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As an intrinsic cellular mechanism responsible for the internalization of extracellular ligands and membrane components, caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) is also exploited by certain pathogens for endocytic entry [e.g., Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of paramyxovirus]. However, the molecular mechanisms of NDV-induced CavME remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that sialic acid-containing gangliosides, rather than glycoproteins, were utilized by NDV as receptors to initiate the endocytic entry of NDV into HD11 cells. The binding of NDV to gangliosides induced the activation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, leading to the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 (Cav1) and dynamin-2 (Dyn2), which contributed to the endocytic entry of NDV. Moreover, an inoculation of cells with NDV-induced actin cytoskeletal rearrangement through Src to facilitate NDV entry via endocytosis and direct fusion with the plasma membrane. Subsequently, unique members of the Rho GTPases family, RhoA and Cdc42, were activated by NDV in a Src-dependent manner. Further analyses revealed that RhoA and Cdc42 regulated the activities of specific effectors, cofilin and myosin regulatory light chain 2, responsible for actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, through diverse intracellular signaling cascades. Taken together, our results suggest that an inoculation of NDV-induced Src-mediated cellular activation by binding to ganglioside receptors. This process orchestrated NDV endocytic entry by modulating the activities of caveolae-associated Cav1 and Dyn2, as well as specific Rho GTPases and downstream effectors. IMPORTANCE In general, it is known that the paramyxovirus gains access to host cells through direct penetration at the plasma membrane; however, emerging evidence suggests more complex entry mechanisms for paramyxoviruses. The endocytic entry of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a representative member of the paramyxovirus family, into multiple types of cells has been recently reported. Herein, we demonstrate the binding of NDV to induce ganglioside-activated Src signaling, which is responsible for the endocytic entry of NDV through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. This process involved Src-dependent activation of the caveolae-associated Cav1 and Dyn2, as well as specific Rho GTPase and downstream effectors, thereby orchestrating the endocytic entry process of NDV. Our findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism of endocytic entry of NDV into host cells and provide novel insight into paramyxovirus mechanisms of entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankai Shi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Linna Chen
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Di
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunwei Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Liu W. Serum cell division control 42 reflects treatment response and survival profiles in recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma patients who receive programmed death-1 inhibitors. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111547. [PMID: 38290205 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cell division control 42 (CDC42) facilitates tumor growth, migration, and immune escape to accelerate the pathogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study intended to explore the optimal cut-value of serum CDC42 for predicting treatment response to programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and survival in recurrent or metastatic (R/M) OSCC patients. METHODS CDC42 was detected from serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 45 R/M OSCC patients before initiating PD-1 inhibitors with or without chemotherapy. Different cutoff values (500, 600, 700, and 800 pg/mL) of CDC42 were selected for further analyses. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) value of CDC42 was 604.0 (477.5-867.5) pg/mL in R/M OSCC patients. Generally, objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.8 % and 62.2 %. Additionally, ORR (P = 0.030) and DCR (P = 0.004) were decreased in patients with CDC42 ≥ 700 pg/mL versus those with CDC42 < 700 pg/mL; meanwhile, DCR was also reduced in patients with CDC42 ≥ 800 pg/mL versus those with CDC42 < 800 pg/mL (P = 0.014). Interestingly, CDC42 ≥ 600 (P = 0.023), 700 (P = 0.007), and 800 (P = 0.039) pg/mL were related to shorter progression-free survival (PFS). While only CDC42 ≥ 700 (P = 0.004) and 800 (P = 0.046) pg/mL were correlated with worse overall survival (OS). After adjustment, only CDC42 ≥ 700 pg/mL (yes vs. no) independently estimated poor PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.637, P = 0.005) and OS (HR = 5.824, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CDC42 ≥ 700 pg/mL exerts the optimal prognostic ability to reflect poor treatment response and survival profiles in R/M OSCC patients who receive PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongge Chen
- Department of Oncology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan 056001, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Weixian Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Wang X, Feng J, Luan S, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Su H, Wang Z. Linkage of CDC42 and T-helper cell ratio with anxiety, depression and quality of life in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Biomark Med 2024; 18:157-168. [PMID: 38440868 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlations between CDC42 and T-cell subsets concerning anxiety, depression and quality of life in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Sera from 156 participants were analyzed for CDC42 levels and Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. Results: CDC42 correlated with reduced Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios, lower anxiety and depression, and higher EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) score. The Th17/Treg ratio correlated with elevated anxiety, depression, EuroQol-5 dimensions score and decreased EQ-VAS score. The Th1/Th2 ratio was positively related to the EQ-VAS score. Conclusion: CDC42 correlates with reduced Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios, reduced anxiety and depression, and improved quality of life in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Junjie Feng
- Department of Psychology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Shaohua Luan
- Department of Cardiology Ward 3, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry Ward 9, Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Shipan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Hongling Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, 056002, China
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Yao H, Li J, Zhou D, Pan X, Chu Y, Yin J. FOXM1 transcriptional regulation of RacGAP1 activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:333-344. [PMID: 38172354 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common gynecological tumor disease in women, which occurs at the junction of cervical squamous columnar epithelium. We investigated the effect and mechanism of transcription factor FOXM1 synergizing RacGAP1 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells. METHODS Here, we analyzed the correlation between FOXM1 and RacGAP1 and the clinicopathological features of 68 CC patients. RT-qPCR was used to assess FOXM1 and RacGAP1 mRNA expression in CC tissues and cells. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 and EDU assays. Transwell assay was applied to test migration and invasion. Cell apoptosis was evaluated utilizing flow cytometry. ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the interaction of FOXM1 and RacGAP1. Protein levels of FOXM1 and RacGAP1, as well as PI3K/AKT, were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS FOXM1 expression was correlated with FIGO stage and histological grade, and RacGAP1 expression was correlated with histological grade. FOXM1 and RacGAP1 levels were increased in CC tissues, and higher expressed in human CC cell lines than that in an immortalized HPV-negative skin keratinocyte line (HaCaT). Depleted RacGAP1 suppressed CC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. RacGAP1 was a target gene of FOXM1, and FOXM1 positively regulated RacGAP1 expression. FOXM1 had a synergistic effect with RacGAP1 to exert oncogenic function in CC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling. CONCLUSION FOXM1 cooperates with RacGAP1 to induce CC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibit apoptosis, and regulate PI3K/AKT signaling to promote CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Yao
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Ninghai City, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315600, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Pan
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaying Chu
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiashan County, No. 20, Luoxing Road, Luoxing Street, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314100, People's Republic of China.
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