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Zhang M, Li L, Zhang W, Li M, Yan G, Tang C. TG2 participates in pulmonary vascular remodelling by regulating the senescence of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111296. [PMID: 39009200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe cardiovascular disease characterised by pulmonary vascular remodelling. The pivotal role of cellular senescence in vascular remodelling has been acknowledged. Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), a calcium-dependent enzyme, is intricately linked to both cellular senescence and PH. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the involvement of TG2 in PH remain unclear. In this study, we explored the expression of TG2 and the cellular senescence marker p16INK4a in the pulmonary vasculature of mice with PH induced by hypoxia combined with SU5416. Our findings revealed upregulation of both TG2 and p16INK4a expression in the pulmonary vasculature of PH mice. Additionally, a notable increase in TG2 expression was observed in senescent pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). To delve deeper, we employed proteomic sequencing to reveal seven genes associated with cellular senescence, with a subsequent focus on MAPK14. Our investigation revealed that TG2 regulates senescence in PASMC by modulating the phosphorylation levels of MAPK14. Additionally, in the context of hypoxia combined with SU5416, our observations revealed a noteworthy reduction in both pulmonary vascular remodelling and senescent manifestations in smooth muscle-specific TG2 knockout mice compared with their wild-type counterparts. In summary, our findings indicate that TG2 deficiency lowers the senescence levels of PASMC by inhibiting the activity of MAPK14. This inhibition of senescence in the pulmonary vasculature of PH mice helps to decelerate the progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling and consequently hinders the onset and development of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Linqing Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wenkang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Mingkang Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Dell’Albani P, Carbone C, Sposito G, Spatuzza M, Chiacchio MA, Grasso R, Legnani L, Santonocito D, Puglia C, Parenti R, Puglisi G, Campisi A. Effect of Ferulic Acid Loaded in Nanoparticle on Tissue Transglutaminase Expression Levels in Human Glioblastoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8397. [PMID: 39125966 PMCID: PMC11312511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers, characterized by a decrease in antioxidant levels. Evidence has demonstrated that ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant particularly abundant in vegetables and fruits, could be a promising candidate for GBM treatment. Since FA shows a high instability that compromises its therapeutic application, it has been encapsulated into Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) to improve its bioavailability in the brain. It has been demonstrated that tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multi-functional protein implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. TG2 is also involved in GBM correlated with metastasis formation and drug resistance. Therefore, the evaluation of TG2 expression levels and its cellular localization are important to assess the anti-cancer effect of FA against GBM cancer. Our results have demonstrated that treatment with free FA and FA-NLCs in the U87-MG cancer cell line differently modified TG2 localization and expression levels. In the cells treated with free FA, TG2 appeared expressed both in the cytosol and in the nucleus, while the treatment with FA-NLCs showed that the protein is exclusively localized in the cytosol, exerting its pro-apoptotic effect. Therefore, our data suggest that FA loaded in NLCs could represent a promising natural agent for supplementing the current anti-cancer drugs used for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dell’Albani
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, CNR, Via P. Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (P.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- NANOMED, Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sposito
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Michela Spatuzza
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, CNR, Via P. Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (P.D.); (M.S.)
- Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Chiacchio
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Rosaria Grasso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Laura Legnani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Debora Santonocito
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- NANOMED, Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- NANOMED, Research Center on Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Agatina Campisi
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (C.C.); (G.S.); (M.A.C.); (D.S.); (C.P.); (G.P.)
- CERNUT, Research Centre for Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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3
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Ivashchenko SD, Shulga DA, Ivashchenko VD, Zinovev EV, Vlasov AV. In silico studies of the open form of human tissue transglutaminase. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15981. [PMID: 38987418 PMCID: PMC11236986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an intriguing multifunctional enzyme involved in various diseases, including celiac disease and neurological disorders. Although a number of tTG inhibitors have been developed, the molecular determinants governing ligand binding remain incomplete due to the lack of high-resolution structural data in the vicinity of its active site. In this study, we obtained the complete high-resolution model of tTG by in silico methods based on available PDB structures. We discovered significant differences in the active site architecture between our and known tTG models, revealing an additional loop which affects the ligand binding affinity. We assembled a library of new potential tTG inhibitors based on the obtained complete model of the enzyme. Our library substantially expands the spectrum of possible drug candidates targeting tTG and encompasses twelve molecular scaffolds, eleven of which are novel and exhibit higher binding affinity then already known ones, according to our in silico studies. The results of this study open new directions for structure-based drug design of tTG inhibitors, offering the complete protein model and suggesting a wide range of new compounds for further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ivashchenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701
- Laboratory of Microbiology, BIOTECH University, Moscow, Russia, 125080
| | - D A Shulga
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - V D Ivashchenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701
| | - E V Zinovev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701
| | - A V Vlasov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, BIOTECH University, Moscow, Russia, 125080.
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, 141980.
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Li Z, Yang J, Sun Y, Han S, Gong J, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Yao H, Shi P. Schisandra chinensis Bee Pollen Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells via Ferroptosis-, Wnt-, and Focal Adhesion-Signaling Pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2745-2760. [PMID: 38974120 PMCID: PMC11227337 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s461581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bee pollen possesses favorable anticancer activities. As a medicinal plant source, Schisandra chinensis bee pollen (SCBP) possesses potential pharmacological properties, such as reducing cisplatin-induced liver injury, but its anti-liver cancer effect is still rarely reported. This paper aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of SCBP extract (SCBPE) on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods The effect of SCBPE on cell proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells was evaluated based on MTT assay, morphology observation, or scratching assay. Furthermore, tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics was used to study the effect mechanisms. The mRNA expression levels of identified proteins were verified by RT-qPCR. Results Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics showed that 61 differentially expressed proteins were obtained in the SCBPE group compared with the negative-control group: 18 significantly downregulated and 43 significantly upregulated proteins. Bioinformatic analysis showed the significantly enriched KEGG pathways were predominantly ferroptosis-, Wnt-, and hepatocellular carcinoma-signaling ones. Protein-protein interaction network analysis and RT-qPCR validation revealed SCBPE also downregulated the focal adhesion-signaling pathway, which is abrogated by PF-562271, a well-known inhibitor of FAK. Conclusion This study confirmed SCBPE suppressed the cell proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, mainly through modulation of ferroptosis-, Wnt-, hepatocellular carcinoma-, and focal adhesion-signaling pathways, providing scientific data supporting adjuvant treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using SCBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiali Yang
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Han
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jietao Gong
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiying Shi
- College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People’s Republic of China
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Fuster-Martínez I, Calatayud S. The current landscape of antifibrotic therapy across different organs: A systematic approach. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107245. [PMID: 38821150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological process that can affect virtually all the organs, but there are hardly any effective therapeutic options. This has led to an intense search for antifibrotic therapies over the last decades, with a great number of clinical assays currently underway. We have systematically reviewed all current and recently finished clinical trials involved in the development of new antifibrotic drugs, and the preclinical studies analyzing the relevance of each of these pharmacological strategies in fibrotic processes affecting tissues beyond those being clinically studied. We analyze and discuss this information with the aim of determining the most promising options and the feasibility of extending their therapeutic value as antifibrotic agents to other fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fuster-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia 46020, Spain.
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain; CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Spain.
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Huang L, Bon H, Maamra M, Holmes T, Atkinson J, Cain K, Kennedy J, Kettleborough C, Matthews D, Twomey B, Ni J, Song Z, Watson PF, Johnson TS. The effect of TG2-inhibitory monoclonal antibody zampilimab on tissue fibrosis in human in vitro and primate in vivo models of chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298864. [PMID: 38753630 PMCID: PMC11098434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic remodeling is the primary driver of functional loss in chronic kidney disease, with no specific anti-fibrotic agent available for clinical use. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a wound response enzyme that irreversibly crosslinks extracellular matrix proteins causing dysregulation of extracellular matrix turnover, is a well-characterized anti-fibrotic target in the kidney. We describe the humanization and characterization of two anti-TG2 monoclonal antibodies (zampilimab [hDC1/UCB7858] and BB7) that inhibit crosslinking by TG2 in human in vitro and rabbit/cynomolgus monkey in vivo models of chronic kidney disease. Determination of zampilimab half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against recombinant human TG2 was undertaken using the KxD assay and determination of dissociation constant (Kd) by surface plasmon resonance. Efficacy in vitro was established using a primary human renal epithelial cell model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, to assess mature deposited extracellular matrix proteins. Proof of concept in vivo used a cynomolgus monkey unilateral ureteral obstruction model of chronic kidney disease. Zampilimab inhibited TG2 crosslinking transamidation activity with an IC50 of 0.25 nM and Kd of <50 pM. In cell culture, zampilimab inhibited extracellular TG2 activity (IC50 119 nM) and dramatically reduced transforming growth factor-β1-driven accumulation of multiple extracellular matrix proteins including collagens I, III, IV, V, and fibronectin. Intravenous administration of BB7 in rabbits resulted in a 68% reduction in fibrotic index at Day 25 post-unilateral ureteral obstruction. Weekly intravenous administration of zampilimab in cynomolgus monkeys with unilateral ureteral obstruction reduced fibrosis at 4 weeks by >50%, with no safety signals. Our data support the clinical investigation of zampilimab for the treatment of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Huang
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Helene Bon
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Mabrouka Maamra
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Holmes
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Atkinson
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Cain
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Kennedy
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Matthews
- Drug Discovery Biology, LifeArc, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Immunology and Ophthalmology, Mogrify Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Breda Twomey
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Ni
- Research and Development, Prisys Biotechnologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhan Song
- Research and Development, Prisys Biotechnologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Philip F. Watson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S. Johnson
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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7
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Buccarelli M, Castellani G, Fiorentino V, Pizzimenti C, Beninati S, Ricci-Vitiani L, Scattoni ML, Mischiati C, Facchiano F, Tabolacci C. Biological Implications and Functional Significance of Transglutaminase Type 2 in Nervous System Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:667. [PMID: 38667282 PMCID: PMC11048792 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction thanks to its GTP binding/hydrolyzing activity. In the nervous system, TG2 regulates multiple physiological processes, such as development, neuronal cell death and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Given its different enzymatic activities, aberrant expression or activity of TG2 can contribute to tumorigenesis, including in peripheral and central nervous system tumors. Indeed, TG2 dysregulation has been reported in meningiomas, medulloblastomas, neuroblastomas, glioblastomas, and other adult-type diffuse gliomas. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biological and functional relevance of TG2 in the pathogenesis of nervous system tumors, highlighting its involvement in survival, tumor inflammation, differentiation, and in the resistance to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Giorgia Castellani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Fiorentino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Cristina Pizzimenti
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Luisa Scattoni
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesco Facchiano
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.C.); (L.R.-V.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Lv S, Cao M, Luo J, Fu K, Yuan W. Search progress of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in organ fibrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:389. [PMID: 38446272 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by abnormal deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to organ structural remodeling and loss of function. The principal cellular effector in fibrosis is activated myofibroblasts, which serve as the main source of matrix proteins. Metabolic reprogramming, transitioning from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, is widely observed in rapidly dividing cells such as tumor cells and activated myofibroblasts and is increasingly recognized as a fundamental pathogenic basis in organ fibrosis. Targeting metabolism represents a promising strategy to mitigate fibrosis. PKM2, a key enzyme in glycolysis, plays a pivotal role in metabolic reprogramming through allosteric regulation, impacting both metabolic and non-metabolic pathways. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming induced by PKM2 activation is involved in the occurrence and development of fibrosis in various organs. A comprehensive understanding of the role of PKM2 in fibrotic diseases is crucial for seeking new anti-fibrotic therapeutic targets. In this context, we summarize PKM2's role in glycolysis, mediating the intricate mechanisms underlying fibrosis in multiple organs, and discuss the potential value of PKM2 inhibitors and allosteric activators in future clinical treatments, aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets for proliferative fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Mengfei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Kewei Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China.
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9
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Zaltron E, Vianello F, Ruzza A, Palazzo A, Brillo V, Celotti I, Scavezzon M, Rossin F, Leanza L, Severin F. The Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Cancer: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2797. [PMID: 38474044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed and well characterized member of the transglutaminase family. It is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme implicated in the regulation of several cellular pathways that support the survival, death, and general homeostasis of eukaryotic cells. Due to its multiple localizations both inside and outside the cell, TG2 participates in the regulation of many crucial intracellular signaling cascades in a tissue- and cell-specific manner, making this enzyme an important player in disease development and progression. Moreover, TG2 is capable of modulating the tumor microenvironment, a process of dynamic tissue remodeling and biomechanical events, resulting in changes which influence tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. Even if generally related to the Ca2+-dependent post-translational modification of proteins, a number of different biological functions have been ascribed to TG2, like those of a peptide isomerase, protein kinase, guanine nucleotide binder, and cytosolic-nuclear translocator. With respect to cancer, TG2's role is controversial and highly debated; it has been described both as an anti- and pro-apoptotic factor and is linked to all the processes of tumorigenesis. However, numerous pieces of evidence support a tissue-specific role of TG2 so that it can assume both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessia Ruzza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberta Palazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Celotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Severin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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10
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Liu J, Mouradian MM. Pathogenetic Contributions and Therapeutic Implications of Transglutaminase 2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2364. [PMID: 38397040 PMCID: PMC10888553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders that afflict millions of people worldwide. Characteristic protein aggregates are histopathological hallmark features of these disorders, including Amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-containing Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in nuclear inclusions in Huntington's disease. These various aggregates are found in specific brain regions that are impacted by neurodegeneration and associated with clinical manifestations. Transglutaminase (TG2) (also known as tissue transglutaminase) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family with protein crosslinking activity. To date, Aβ, tau, α-Syn, and mHTT have been determined to be substrates of TG2, leading to their aggregation and implicating the involvement of TG2 in several pathophysiological events in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry and physiologic functions of TG2 and describe recent advances in the pathogenetic role of TG2 in these diseases. We also review TG2 inhibitors tested in clinical trials and discuss recent TG2-targeting approaches, which offer new perspectives for the design of future highly potent and selective drugs with improved brain delivery as a disease-modifying treatment for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- RWJMS Institute for Neurological Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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Kim GR, Kang JH, Kim HJ, Im E, Bae J, Kwon WS, Rha SY, Chung HC, Cho EY, Kim SY, Kim YC. Discovery of novel 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4,7-dione based transglutaminase 2 inhibitors as p53 stabilizing anticancer agents in renal cell carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107061. [PMID: 38154386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2; TG2) has been implicated in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) through the inactivation of p53 by forming a protein complex. Because most p53 in RCC has no mutations, apoptosis can be increased by inhibiting the binding between TG2 and p53 to increase the stability of p53. In the present study, a novel TG2 inhibitor was discovered by investigating the structure of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-4,7-dione as a simpler chemotype based on the amino-1,4-benzoquinone moiety of streptonigrin, a previously reported inhibitor. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, compound 8j (MD102) was discovered as a potent TG2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.35 µM, p53 stabilization effect and anticancer effects in the ACHN and Caki-1 RCC cell lines with sulforhodamine B (SRB) GI50 values of 2.15 µM and 1.98 µM, respectively. The binding property of compound 8j (MD102) with TG2 was confirmed to be reversible in a competitive enzyme assay, and the binding interaction was expected to be formed at the β-sandwich domain, a p53 binding site, in the SPR binding assay with mutant proteins. The mode of binding of compound 8j (MD102) to the β-sandwich domain of TG2 was analyzed by molecular docking using the crystal structure of the active conformation of human TG2. Compound 8j (MD102) induced a decrease in the downstream signaling of p-AKT and p-mTOR through the stabilization of p53 by TG2 inhibition, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. In a xenograft animal model using ACHN cancer cells, oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of compound 8j (MD102) showed an inhibitory effect on tumor growth, confirming increased levels of p53 and decreased levels of Ki-67 in tumor tissues through immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue staining. These results indicated that the inhibition of TG2 by compound 8j (MD102) could enhance p53 stabilization, thereby ultimately showing anticancer effects in RCC. Compound 8j (MD102), a novel TG2 inhibitor, can be further applied for the development of an anticancer candidate drug targeting RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Ram Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kang
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Kim
- MDbiopharm Corp., 114 Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Im
- MDbiopharm Corp., 114 Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Bae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kwon
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Songdang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- MDbiopharm Corp., 114 Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yi Cho
- MDbiopharm Corp., 114 Beobwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05854, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Yao Z, Fan Y, Lin L, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Tissue transglutaminase: a multifunctional and multisite regulator in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:281-325. [PMID: 37712623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein involved in a broad range of cellular and metabolic functions carried out in a variety of cellular compartments. In addition to transamidation, TG2 also functions as a Gα signaling protein, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a protein kinase, and a scaffolding protein. In the nucleus, TG2 modifies histones and transcription factors. The PDI function catalyzes the trimerization and activation of heat shock factor-1 in the nucleus and regulates the oxidation state of several mitochondrial complexes. Cytosolic TG2 modifies proteins by the addition of serotonin or other primary amines and in this way affects cell signaling. Modification of protein-bound glutamines reduces ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. At the cell membrane, TG2 is associated with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), where it functions in transmembrane signaling. TG2 is also found in the extracellular space, where it functions in protein cross-linking and extracellular matrix stabilization. Of particular importance in transglutaminase research are recent findings concerning the role of TG2 in gene expression, protein homeostasis, cell signaling, autoimmunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. Thus, TG2 performs a multitude of functions in multiple cellular compartments, making it one of the most versatile cellular proteins. Additional evidence links TG2 with multiple human diseases including preeclampsia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, organ fibrosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and celiac disease. In conclusion, TG2 provides a multifunctional and multisite response to physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Yao
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Lin M, Huang Y, Orihara K, Chibana H, Kajiwara S, Chen X. A Putative NADPH Oxidase Gene in Unicellular Pathogenic Candida glabrata Is Required for Fungal ROS Production and Oxidative Stress Response. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 38248926 PMCID: PMC10817436 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Most previous studies on fungal NADPH oxidases (Nox) focused on multicellular fungi and highlighted the important roles of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular differentiation and signaling communication. However, there are few reports about Nox in unicellular fungi. A novel NOX ortholog, CAGL0K05863g (named CgNOX1), in Candida glabrata was investigated in this study. Deletion of CgNOX1 led to a decrease in both intracellular and extracellular ROS production. In addition, the Cgnox1∆ mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and menadione. Also, the wild-type strain showed higher levels of both CgNOX1 mRNA expression and ROS production under oxidative stress. Moreover, the absence of CgNOX1 resulted in impaired ferric reductase activity. Although there was no effect on in vitro biofilm formation, the CgNOX1 mutant did not produce hepatic apoptosis, which might be mediated by fungal Nox-derived ROS during co-incubation. Together, these results indicated that the novel NOX gene plays important roles in unicellular pathogenic C. glabrata and its interaction with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyi Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Kanami Orihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
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14
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Bingham M, Pesnot T, Scott AD. Biophysical screening and characterisation in medicinal chemistry. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2023; 62:61-104. [PMID: 37981351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades the use of biophysical assays and methods in medicinal chemistry has increased significantly, to meet the demands of the novel targets and modalities that drug discoverers are looking to tackle. The desire to obtain accurate affinities, kinetics, thermodynamics and structural data as early as possible in the drug discovery process has fuelled this innovation. This review introduces the principles underlying the techniques in common use and provides a perspective on the weaknesses and strengths of different methods. Case studies are used to further illustrate some of the applications in medicinal chemistry and a discussion of the emerging biophysical methods on the horizon is presented.
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15
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Muccioli S, Brillo V, Varanita T, Rossin F, Zaltron E, Velle A, Alessio G, Angi B, Severin F, Tosi A, D'Eletto M, Occhigrossi L, Falasca L, Checchetto V, Ciaccio R, Fascì A, Chieregato L, Rebelo AP, Giacomello M, Rosato A, Szabò I, Romualdi C, Piacentini M, Leanza L. Transglutaminase Type 2-MITF axis regulates phenotype switching in skin cutaneous melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:704. [PMID: 37898636 PMCID: PMC10613311 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer due to its high heterogeneity that drives tumor aggressiveness. Melanoma plasticity consists of two distinct phenotypic states that co-exist in the tumor niche, the proliferative and the invasive, respectively associated with a high and low expression of MITF, the master regulator of melanocyte lineage. However, despite efforts, melanoma research is still far from exhaustively dissecting this phenomenon. Here, we discovered a key function of Transglutaminase Type-2 (TG2) in regulating melanogenesis by modulating MITF transcription factor expression and its transcriptional activity. Importantly, we demonstrated that TG2 expression affects melanoma invasiveness, highlighting its positive value in SKCM. These results suggest that TG2 may have implications in the regulation of the phenotype switching by promoting melanoma differentiation and impairing its metastatic potential. Our findings offer potential perspectives to unravel melanoma vulnerabilities via tuning intra-tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muccioli
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Amelia Fascì
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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16
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Lee SJ, Shin JW, Kwon MA, Lee KB, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kang HS, Jun JK, Cho SY, Kim IG. Transglutaminase 2 Prevents Premature Senescence and Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through NRF2 Activation. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:8815888. [PMID: 37900967 PMCID: PMC10611545 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8815888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that exhibits transamidase, GTPase, kinase, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activities. Of these, transamidase-mediated modification of proteins regulates apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation, and fibrosis. TG2 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compared with differentiated cells, suggesting a role of TG2 specific for MSC characteristics. In this study, we report a new function of TG2 in the regulation of MSC redox homeostasis. During in vitro MSC expansion, TG2 is required for cell proliferation and self-renewal by preventing premature senescence but has no effect on the expression of surface antigens and oxidative stress-induced cell death. Moreover, induction of differentiation upregulates TG2 that promotes osteoblastic differentiation. Molecular analyses revealed that TG2 mediates tert-butylhydroquinone, but not sulforaphane, -induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation in a transamidase activity-independent manner. Differences in the mechanism of action between two NRF2 activators suggest that PDI activity of TG2 may be implicated in the stabilization of NRF2. The role of TG2 in the regulation of antioxidant response was further supported by transcriptomic analysis of MSC. These results indicate that TG2 is a critical enzyme in eliciting antioxidant response in MSC through NRF2 activation, providing a target for optimizing MSC manufacturing processes to prevent premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ae Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory for Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress, Cell2in, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heun-Soo Kang
- Laboratory for Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress, Cell2in, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Jun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Soltani F, Kaartinen MT. Transglutaminases in fibrosis-overview and recent advances. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C885-C894. [PMID: 37642242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a family of protein cross-linking enzymes that are capable of stiffening and insolubilizing proteins and creating protein networks, and thereby altering biological functions of proteins. Their role in fibrosis progression has been widely investigated with a focus on kidney, lung, liver, and heart where activity is triggered by various stimuli including hypoxia, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. TG2 has been considered one of the key enzymes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis mainly through transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling and matrix cross-linking mechanisms. Although TG2 has been most widely studied in this context, the involvement of other TGs, TG1 and Factor XIII-A (FXIII-A), is beginning to emerge. This mini-review highlights the major steps taken in the TG and fibrosis research and summarizes the most recent advances and contributions of TG2, TG1, and FXIII-A to the progression of fibrosis in various animal models. Also, their mechanisms of action as well as therapeutic prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soltani
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences (Biomedical Sciences), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Yang W, Zhang X, Qi L, Wang Z, Wu W, Feng W, Gu Y. Colon-targeted EMSCs conditional medium hydrogel for treatment of ulcerative colitis in mice. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065010. [PMID: 37722391 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfadb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Oral ecto-mesenchymal stem cells-conditional medium (EMSCs-CM) is a promising strategy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, this therapy is currently limited by the harsh gastrointestinal environment and poor colonic targeting ability. Herein, a glutamine transaminase 2 (TG2) crosslinked EMSCs-CM hydrogel (EMSCs-CM-Gel) was fabricated by combining EMSCs-CM with negatively chargedγ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel. Intestinal epithelial cell 6 (IEC-6) was applied to construct a cell model with lipopolysaccharide to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of EMSCs-CMin vitro. The crosslinked gel was orally administered to mice in liquid form to access the effects of EMSCs-CM-Gelin vivo. This study was based on the fact that the hydrogel containing EMSCs-CM has negative charges, which ensure it remains at the positively charged inflamed colon tissue. The EMSCs-CM could continuously be released in the damaged colon mucosa along with the degradation of theγ-PGA hydrogel. Immunofluorescence and western blot were performed to assess the effects of EMSCs-CM-Gel on mice. The resultsin vivoshowed that EMSCs-CM-Gel could significantly suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines, prevent the shortening of the length of the intestine and repair the intestinal barrier. Collectively, our findings provided a novel colon-targeted strategy, hoping to benefit UC patients a lot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyao Qi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiang Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahan Gu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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19
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Liu C, Gao X, Shi R, Wang Y, He X, Du H, Hu B, Jiao J, Liu C, Teng Z. Microglial transglutaminase 2 deficiency causes impaired synaptic remodelling and cognitive deficits in mice. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13439. [PMID: 36878712 PMCID: PMC10472527 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary source of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in the brain; however, the roles of microglial TGM2 in neural development and disease are still not well known. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role and mechanisms of microglial TGM2 in the brain. A mouse line with a specific knockout of Tgm2 in microglia was generated. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the expression levels of TGM2, PSD-95 and CD68. Confocal imaging, immunofluorescence staining and behavioural analyses were conducted to identify phenotypes of microglial TGM2 deficiency. Finally, RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR and co-culture of neurons and microglia were used to explore the potential mechanisms. Deletion of microglial Tgm2 causes impaired synaptic pruning, reduced anxiety and increased cognitive deficits in mice. At the molecular level, the phagocytic genes, such as Cq1a, C1qb and Tim4, are significantly down-regulated in TGM2-deficient microglia. This study elucidates a novel role of microglial TGM2 in regulating synaptic remodelling and cognitive function, indicating that microglia Tgm2 is essential for proper neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruo‐Xi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuan‐Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chang‐Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhao‐Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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20
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Lisetto M, Fattorini M, Lanza A, Gerdol M, Griffin M, Wang Z, Ferrara F, Sblattero D. Biochemical and Functional Characterization of the Three Zebrafish Transglutaminases 2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12041. [PMID: 37569416 PMCID: PMC10419279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein widely distributed in various tissues and involved in many physiological and pathological processes. However, its actual role in biological processes is often controversial as TG2 shows different effects in these processes depending on its localization, cell type, or experimental conditions. We characterized the enzymatic and functional properties of TG2 proteins expressed in Danio rerio (zebrafish) to provide the basis for using this established animal model as a reliable tool to characterize TG2 functions in vivo. We confirmed the existence of three genes orthologous to human TG2 (zTGs2) in the zebrafish genome and their expression and function during embryonic development. We produced and purified the zTGs2s as recombinant proteins and showed that, like the human enzyme, zTGs2 catalyzes a Ca2+ dependent transamidation reaction that can be inhibited with TG2-specific inhibitors. In a cell model of human fibroblasts, we also demonstrated that zTGs2 can mediate RGD-independent cell adhesion in the extracellular environment. Finally, we transfected and selected zTGs2-overexpressing HEK293 cells and demonstrated that intracellular zTGs2 plays a very comparable protective/damaging role in the apoptotic process, as hTG2. Overall, our results suggest that zTGs2 proteins behave very similarly to the human ortholog and pave the way for future in vivo studies of TG2 functions in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisetto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariagiulia Fattorini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Lanza
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Martin Griffin
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (M.G.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (M.G.); (Z.W.)
| | | | - Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.L.); (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.G.)
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21
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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22
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Lin CJ, Chiu CY, Liao EC, Wu CJ, Chung CH, Greenberg CS, Lai TS. S-Nitrosylation of Tissue Transglutaminase in Modulating Glycolysis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Responses in Normal and Indoxyl-Sulfate-Induced Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10935. [PMID: 37446114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are found in chronic kidney disease patients. NO nitrosylates/denitrosylates a specific protein's cysteine residue(s), forming S-nitrosothios (SNOs), and the decreased NO bioavailability could interfere with NO-mediated signaling events. We were interested in investigating the underlying mechanism(s) of the reduced NO and how it would regulate the S-nitrosylation of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) and its substrates on glycolytic, redox and inflammatory responses in normal and IS-induced EC injury. TG2, a therapeutic target for fibrosis, has a Ca2+-dependent transamidase (TGase) that is modulated by S-nitrosylation. We found IS increased oxidative stress, reduced NADPH and GSH levels, and uncoupled eNOS to generate NO. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the upregulation of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and significant downregulation of the beneficial ACE2 isoform that could contribute to oxidative stress in IS-induced injury. An in situ TGase assay demonstrated IS-activated TG2/TGase aminylated eNOS, NFkB, IkBα, PKM2, G6PD, GAPDH, and fibronectin (FN), leading to caspases activation. Except for FN, TGase substrates were all differentially S-nitrosylated either with or without IS but were denitrosylated in the presence of a specific, irreversible TG2/TGase inhibitor ZDON, suggesting ZDON-bound TG2 was not effectively transnitrosylating to TG2/TGase substrates. The data suggest novel roles of TG2 in the aminylation of its substrates and could also potentially function as a Cys-to-Cys S-nitrosylase to exert NO's bioactivity to its substrates and modulate glycolysis, redox, and inflammation in normal and IS-induced EC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jui Lin
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chun Yu Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hu Chung
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Charles S Greenberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Thung-S Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
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23
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Jambrovics K, Póliska S, Scholtz B, Uray IP, Balajthy Z. ATO Increases ROS Production and Apoptosis of Cells by Enhancing Calpain-Mediated Degradation of the Cancer Survival Protein TG2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10938. [PMID: 37446117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a critical cancer cell survival factor that activates several signalling pathways to foster drug resistance, cancer stem cell survival, metastasis, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy have been the standard treatments for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), but clinical studies have shown that arsenic trioxide (ATO), alone or in combination with ATRA, can improve outcomes. ATO exerts cytotoxic effects in a variety of ways by inducing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, altered signal transduction, and/or epigenetic modification. In the present study, we showed that ATO increased ROS production and apoptosis ratios in ATRA-differentiated NB4 leukaemia cells, and that these responses were enhanced when TG2 was deleted. The combined ATRA + ATO treatment also increased the amount of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor, an adaptive regulator of the cellular oxidative stress response, and calpain proteolytic activity, resulting in TG2 degradation and the reduced survival of WT leukaemia cells. We further showed that the induced TG2 protein expression was degraded in the MCF-7 epithelial cell line and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon ATO treatment, thereby sensitising these cell types to apoptotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Jambrovics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Scholtz
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Iván P Uray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Balajthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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24
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Al-U'datt DGF, Alu'datt MH, Tranchant CC, Al-Dwairi A, Al-Shboul O, Almajwal A, Elsalem L, Jaradat S, Alzoubi KH, Faleh BG, Ahmed YB, Alqbelat J. Royal jelly mediates fibrotic signaling, collagen cross-linking and cell proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114922. [PMID: 37236025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a multifunctional bee product with a unique composition and wide-ranging biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Still, little is known about the possible myocardial protective properties of RJ. Considering that sonication could enhance RJ bioactivity, this study aimed to assess the effects of non-sonicated (NS) and sonicated (S) RJ on fibrotic signaling, cell proliferation, and collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. S-RJ was produced by ultrasonication at 20 kHz. Ventricular fibroblasts isolated from neonatal rats were cultured and treated with different concentrations of NS-RJ or S-RJ (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µg/well). S-RJ significantly depressed the expression levels of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) mRNA across all the concentrations tested and was inversely associated with the expression of this profibrotic marker. S-RJ and NS-RJ displayed distinct dose-dependent effects on mRNA expression of several other profibrotic, proliferation, and apoptotic markers. Unlike NS-RJ, S-RJ elicited strong negative dose-dependent relationships with the expression of profibrotic markers (TG2, COL1A1, COL3A1, FN1, CTGF, MMP-2, α-SMA, TGF-β1, CX43, periostin), as well as proliferation (CCND1) and apoptotic (BAX, BAX/BCL-2) markers, indicating that RJ dose-response effects were significantly modified by sonification. NS-RJ and S-RJ increased the content of soluble collagen, while decreasing collagen cross-linking. Collectively, these findings show that S-RJ has a greater range of action than NS-RJ for downregulating the expression of biomarkers associated with cardiac fibrosis. Reduced biomarker expression and collagen cross-linkages upon cardiac fibroblast treatment with specific concentrations of S-RJ or NS-RJ suggests putative roles and mechanisms by which RJ may confer some protection against cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa'a G F Al-U'datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Belal G Faleh
- General Surgery Department, Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yaman B Ahmed
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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25
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Tatsukawa H, Aoyama R, Hitomi K. Development of peptide-based biosensors for detecting cross-linking and deamidation activities of transglutaminases. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03272-7. [PMID: 37165293 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are a protein family that catalyzes isopeptide bond formation between glutamine and lysine residues of various proteins. There are eight TG isozymes in humans, and each is involved in diverse biological phenomena due to their characteristic distribution. Abnormal activity of TG1 and TG2, which are major TG isozymes, is believed to cause various diseases, such as ichthyosis and celiac disease. To elucidate TGs' mechanisms of action and develop new therapeutic strategies, it is essential to develop bioprobes that can specifically examine the activity of each TG isozyme, which has not been sufficiently studied. We previously have identified several substrate peptide sequences containing Gln residues for each isozyme and developed a method to detect isozyme-specific activities by incorporating a labeled substrate peptide into lysine residues of proteins. We prepared the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Gln substrate peptide (FITC-K5 and FITC-T26) and Rhodamine B-labeled Lys substrate peptide (RhoB-Kpep). Each TG reaction specifically cross-linked these probe pairs, and the proximity of FITC and Rhodamine B significantly decreased the fluorescence intensity of FITC depending on the concentration and reaction time of each TG. In this study, we developed a peptide-based biosensor that quickly and easily measures TG isozyme-specific activity. This probe is expected to be helpful in elucidating TG's physiological and pathological functions and in developing compounds that modulate TG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tatsukawa
- Cellular Biochemistry Lab., Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Ruriko Aoyama
- Cellular Biochemistry Lab., Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hitomi
- Cellular Biochemistry Lab., Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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26
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Tsekoura G, Agathangelidis A, Kontandreopoulou CN, Taliouraki A, Mporonikola G, Stavropoulou M, Diamantopoulos PT, Viniou NA, Aleporou V, Papassideri I, Kollia P. Deregulation of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Implications for Disease Development and Progression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4135-4150. [PMID: 37232732 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDSs) consist of a group of blood malignancies with a complex biological background. In this context, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in the pathogenesis and progression of MDSs. (2) Methods: To address this issue, we performed a systematic expression analysis on a total of 84 genes in patients with different types of MDSs (low/high risk of malignancy) versus healthy individuals. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate significantly upregulated or downregulated genes in a separate cohort of MDS patients and healthy controls. (3) Results: MDS patients were characterized by lower expression levels for a large series of genes involved in both processes compared to healthy individuals. Of importance, deregulation was more pronounced in patients with higher-risk MDS. Results from the qRT-PCR experiments displayed a high level of concordance with the PCR array, strengthening the relevance of our findings. (4) Conclusions: Our results indicate a clear effect of autophagy and apoptosis on MDS development, which becomes more pronounced as the disease progresses. The results from the present study are expected to assist in our understanding of the biological background of MDSs as well as in the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Tsekoura
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Agathangelidis
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Nefeli Kontandreopoulou
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Taliouraki
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Mporonikola
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stavropoulou
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis T Diamantopoulos
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nora-Athina Viniou
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Aleporou
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Issidora Papassideri
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Division of Genetics & Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
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27
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Uehara R, Yamada E, Okada S, Bastie CC, Maeshima A, Ikeuchi H, Horiguchi K, Yamada M. Fyn Phosphorylates Transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2) and Modulates Autophagy and p53 Expression in the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081197. [PMID: 37190106 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The Fyn tyrosine kinase (Fyn) suppresses autophagy in the muscle. However, its role in kidney autophagic processes is unclear. Here, we examined the role of Fyn kinase in autophagy in proximal renal tubules both in vivo and in vitro. Phospho-proteomic analysis revealed that transglutaminase 2 (Tgm2), a protein involved in the degradation of p53 in the autophagosome, is phosphorylated on tyrosine 369 (Y369) by Fyn. Interestingly, we found that Fyn-dependent phosphorylation of Tgm2 regulates autophagy in proximal renal tubules in vitro, and that p53 expression is decreased upon autophagy in Tgm2-knockdown proximal renal tubule cell models. Using streptozocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mice, we confirmed that Fyn regulated autophagy and mediated p53 expression via Tgm2. Taken together, these data provide a molecular basis for the role of the Fyn-Tgm2-p53 axis in the development of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Uehara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Claire C Bastie
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Akito Maeshima
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe 350-1298, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ikeuchi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15, Showa, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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28
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Almugadam SH, Trentini A, Maritati M, Contini C, Manfrinato MC, Cervellati C, Bellini T, Hanau S. A Calcium- and GTP-Dependent Transglutaminase in Leishmania infantum. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030234. [PMID: 36977273 PMCID: PMC10053793 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While human and animal leishmaniasis affect several millions of people worldwide, L. infantum is the species responsible for visceral leishmaniasis in Europe, Middle East, and America. Antileishmanial drugs present issues associated with drug toxicity and increasing parasite resistance. Therefore, the study of this parasite with a focus on new potential drug targets is extremely useful. Accordingly, we purified and characterized a transglutaminase (TGase) from L. infantum promastigotes. While Tgases are known to be involved in cell death and autophagy, it appears that these functions are very important for parasites' virulence. For the first time, we showed a Ca2+- and GTP-dependent TGase in Leishmania corresponding to a 54 kDa protein, which was purified by two chromatographic steps: DEAE-Sepharose and Heparin-Sepharose. Using polyclonal antibodies against a 50-amino-acid conserved region of the catalytic core of human TGase 2, we revealed two other bands of 66 and 75 kDa. The 54 kDa band appears to be different from the previously reported TGase, which was shown to be Ca2+- independent. Future research should address the identification of the purified enzyme sequence and, subsequently, its cloning to more comprehensively investigate its pathophysiological function and possible differences from mammal enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawgi Hago Almugadam
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Nile Avenue, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 51111, Sudan
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Contini
- Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manfrinato
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Hanau
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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29
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Tissue transglutaminase exacerbates renal fibrosis via alternative activation of monocyte-derived macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:136. [PMID: 36864028 PMCID: PMC9981766 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important components in modulating homeostatic and inflammatory responses and are generally categorized into two broad but distinct subsets: classical activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) depending on the microenvironment. Fibrosis is a chronic inflammatory disease exacerbated by M2 macrophages, although the detailed mechanism by which M2 macrophage polarization is regulated remains unclear. These polarization mechanisms have little in common between mice and humans, making it difficult to adapt research results obtained in mice to human diseases. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a known marker common to mouse and human M2 macrophages and is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for crosslinking reactions. Here we sought to identify the role of TG2 in macrophage polarization and fibrosis. In IL-4-treated macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow and human monocyte cells, the expression of TG2 was increased with enhancement of M2 macrophage markers, whereas knockout or inhibitor treatment of TG2 markedly suppressed M2 macrophage polarization. In the renal fibrosis model, accumulation of M2 macrophages in fibrotic kidney was significantly reduced in TG2 knockout or inhibitor-administrated mice, along with the resolution of fibrosis. Bone marrow transplantation using TG2-knockout mice revealed that TG2 is involved in M2 polarization of infiltrating macrophages derived from circulating monocytes and exacerbates renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the suppression of renal fibrosis in TG2-knockout mice was abolished by transplantation of wild-type bone marrow or by renal subcapsular injection of IL4-treated macrophages derived from bone marrow of wild-type, but not TG2 knockout. Transcriptome analysis of downstream targets involved in M2 macrophages polarization revealed that ALOX15 expression was enhanced by TG2 activation and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the increase in the abundance of ALOX15-expressing macrophages in fibrotic kidney was dramatically suppressed in TG2-knockout mice. These findings demonstrated that TG2 activity exacerbates renal fibrosis by polarization of M2 macrophages from monocytes via ALOX15.
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Inhibition of Transglutaminase 2 as a Therapeutic Strategy in Celiac Disease-In Vitro Studies in Intestinal Cells and Duodenal Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054795. [PMID: 36902226 PMCID: PMC10002517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic modification of gliadin peptides by human transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD) and represents a potential therapeutic target. Recently, we have identified the small oxidative molecule PX-12 as an effective inhibitor of TG2 in vitro. In this study, we further investigated the effect of PX-12 and the established active-site directed inhibitor ERW1041 on TG2 activity and epithelial transport of gliadin peptides. We analyzed TG2 activity using immobilized TG2, Caco-2 cell lysates, confluent Caco-2 cell monolayers and duodenal biopsies from CD patients. TG2-mediated cross-linking of pepsin-/trypsin-digested gliadin (PTG) and 5BP (5-biotinamidopentylamine) was quantified by colorimetry, fluorometry and confocal microscopy. Cell viability was tested with a resazurin-based fluorometric assay. Epithelial transport of promofluor-conjugated gliadin peptides P31-43 and P56-88 was analyzed by fluorometry and confocal microscopy. PX-12 reduced TG2-mediated cross-linking of PTG and was significantly more effective than ERW1041 (10 µM, 15 ± 3 vs. 48 ± 8%, p < 0.001). In addition, PX-12 inhibited TG2 in cell lysates obtained from Caco-2 cells more than ERW1041 (10 µM; 12 ± 7% vs. 45 ± 19%, p < 0.05). Both substances inhibited TG2 comparably in the intestinal lamina propria of duodenal biopsies (100 µM, 25 ± 13% vs. 22 ± 11%). However, PX-12 did not inhibit TG2 in confluent Caco-2 cells, whereas ERW1041 showed a dose-dependent effect. Similarly, epithelial transport of P56-88 was inhibited by ERW1041, but not by PX-12. Cell viability was not negatively affected by either substance at concentrations up to 100 µM. PX-12 did not reduce TG2 activity or gliadin peptide transport in confluent Caco-2 cells. This could be caused by rapid inactivation or degradation of the substance in the Caco-2 cell culture. Still, our in vitro data underline the potential of the oxidative inhibition of TG2. The fact that the TG2-specific inhibitor ERW1041 reduced the epithelial uptake of P56-88 in Caco-2 cells further strengthens the therapeutic potential of TG2 inhibitors in CD.
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Shi RX, Liu C, Xu YJ, Wang YY, He BD, He XC, Du HZ, Hu B, Jiao J, Liu CM, Teng ZQ. The Role and Mechanism of Transglutaminase 2 in Regulating Hippocampal Neurogenesis after Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040558. [PMID: 36831225 PMCID: PMC9954100 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury usually results in neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. Promoting endogenous neurogenesis has been considered as a viable treatment option to improve functional recovery after TBI. However, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in neurogenic regions are often unable to migrate and differentiate into mature neurons at the injury site. Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) has been identified as a crucial component of neurogenic niche, and significantly dysregulated after TBI. Therefore, we speculate that TGM2 may play an important role in neurogenesis after TBI, and strategies targeting TGM2 to promote endogenous neural regeneration may be applied in TBI therapy. Using a tamoxifen-induced Tgm2 conditional knockout mouse line and a mouse model of stab wound injury, we investigated the role and mechanism of TGM2 in regulating hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI. We found that Tgm2 was highly expressed in adult NSPCs and up-regulated after TBI. Conditional deletion of Tgm2 resulted in the impaired proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs, while Tgm2 overexpression enhanced the abilities of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSPCs after TBI. Importantly, injection of lentivirus overexpressing TGM2 significantly promoted hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI. Therefore, TGM2 is a key regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis and a pivotal therapeutic target for intervention following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - Bao-Dong He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - Xuan-Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (Z.-Q.T.)
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (Z.-Q.T.)
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Gao J, Wang S, Wan H, Lan J, Yan Y, Yin D, Zhou W, Hun S, He Q. Prognostic Value of Transglutaminase 2 in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Meta-analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:36-43. [PMID: 36809173 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a member of the transglutaminase family, also known as tissue transglutaminase, plays a fundamental role in cancer growth and progression. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively review the evidence of TG2 as a prognostic biomarker in solid tumors. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for human studies with clearly described cancer types if they presented the relationship between TG2 expression and prognostic indicators from inception to February 2022. Two authors independently screened the eligible studies and extracted the relevant data. The association between TG2 and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) were described as hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane Q-test and Higgins I-squared statistic. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially omitting the impact of each study. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's funnel plot. Results: A total of 2864 patients with various cancers from 11 individual studies were enrolled. Results showed that elevated TG2 protein expression and mRNA expression predicted a shorter OS, with a combined HR of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.41-2.63) or HR of 1.95 (95% CI: 1.27-2.99), respectively. Moreover, data suggested that elevated TG2 protein expression was correlated with a shorter DFS (HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.36-2.29); whereas elevated TG2 mRNA expression was associated with a shorter DFS (HR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.30-2.24). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicated that TG2 might serve as a promising biomarker of cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengjiang Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Wan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Lan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shouyong Hun
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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The Impact of Nε-Acryloyllysine Piperazides on the Conformational Dynamics of Transglutaminase 2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021650. [PMID: 36675164 PMCID: PMC9865645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classic functions of proteins, such as acting as a biocatalyst or binding partner, the conformational states of proteins and their remodeling upon stimulation need to be considered. A prominent example of a protein that undergoes comprehensive conformational remodeling is transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2), the distinct conformational states of which are closely related to particular functions. Its involvement in various pathophysiological processes, including fibrosis and cancer, motivates the development of theranostic agents, particularly based on inhibitors that are directed toward the transamidase activity. In this context, the ability of such inhibitors to control the conformational dynamics of TGase 2 emerges as an important parameter, and methods to assess this property are in great demand. Herein, we describe the application of the switchSENSE® principle to detect conformational changes caused by three irreversibly binding Nε-acryloyllysine piperazides, which are suitable radiotracer candidates of TGase 2. The switchSENSE® technique is based on DNA levers actuated by alternating electric fields. These levers are immobilized on gold electrodes with one end, and at the other end of the lever, the TGase 2 is covalently bound. A novel computational method is introduced for describing the resulting lever motion to quantify the extent of stimulated conformational TGase 2 changes. Moreover, as a complementary biophysical method, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed under similar conditions to validate the results. Both methods prove the occurrence of an irreversible shift in the conformational equilibrium of TGase 2, caused by the binding of the three studied Nε-acryloyllysine piperazides.
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Inhibition of Transglutaminase 2 Reduces Peritoneal Injury in a Chlorhexidine-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis Model. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100050. [PMID: 36870292 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is often associated with peritoneal dysfunction leading to withdrawal from PD. The characteristic pathologic features of peritoneal dysfunction are widely attributed to peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis. The detailed mechanisms remain unclear, and treatment targets in clinical settings have yet to be identified. We investigated transglutaminase 2 (TG2) as a possible novel therapeutic target for peritoneal injury. TG2 and fibrosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis were investigated in a chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced model of peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis, representing a noninfectious model of PD-related peritonitis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type I receptor (TGFβR-I) inhibitor and TG2-knockout mice were used for TGF-β and TG2 inhibition studies, respectively. Double immunostaining was performed to identify cells expressing TG2 and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). In the rat CG model of peritoneal fibrosis, in situ TG2 activity and protein expression increased during the development of peritoneal fibrosis, as well as increases in peritoneal thickness and numbers of blood vessels and macrophages. TGFβR-I inhibitor suppressed TG2 activity and protein expression, as well as peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis. TGF-β1 expression, peritoneal fibrosis, and angiogenesis were suppressed in TG2-knockout mice. TG2 activity was detected by α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, CD31-positive endothelial cells, and ED-1-positive macrophages. CD31-positive endothelial cells in the CG model were α-smooth muscle actin-positive, vimentin-positive, and vascular endothelial-cadherin-negative, suggesting EndMT. In the CG model, EndMT was suppressed in TG2-knockout mice. TG2 was involved in the interactive regulation of TGF-β. As inhibition of TG2 reduced peritoneal fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation associated with TGF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor-A suppression, TG2 may provide a new therapeutic target for ameliorating peritoneal injuries in PD.
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Rossin F, Ciccosanti F, D'Eletto M, Occhigrossi L, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Type 2 transglutaminase in the nucleus: the new epigenetic face of a cytoplasmic enzyme. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:52. [PMID: 36695883 PMCID: PMC9874183 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the major mysteries in science is how it is possible to pack the cellular chromatin with a total length of over 1 m, into a small sphere with a diameter of 5 mm "the nucleus", and even more difficult to envisage how to make it functional. Although we know that compaction is achieved through the histones, however, the DNA needs to be accessible to the transcription machinery and this is allowed thanks to a variety of very complex epigenetic mechanisms. Either DNA (methylation) or post-translational modifications of histone proteins (acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation) play a crucial role in chromatin remodelling and consequently on gene expression. Recently the serotonylation and dopaminylation of the histone 3, catalyzed by the Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), has been reported. These novel post-translational modifications catalyzed by a predominantly cytoplasmic enzyme opens a new avenue for future investigations on the enzyme function itself and for the possibility that other biological amines, substrate of TG2, can influence the genome regulation under peculiar cellular conditions. In this review we analyzed the nuclear TG2's biology by discussing both its post-translational modification of various transcription factors and the implications of its epigenetic new face. Finally, we will focus on the potential impact of these events in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.
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Paolella G, Sposito S, Romanelli AM, Caputo I. Type 2 Transglutaminase in Coeliac Disease: A Key Player in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147513. [PMID: 35886862 PMCID: PMC9318967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is the main autoantigen in coeliac disease (CD), a widespread inflammatory enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals in genetically predisposed individuals. As a consequence, serum antibodies to TG2 represent a very useful marker in CD diagnosis. However, TG2 is also an important player in CD pathogenesis, for its ability to deamidate some Gln residues of gluten peptides, which become more immunogenic in CD intestinal mucosa. Given the importance of TG2 enzymatic activities in CD, several studies have sought to discover specific and potent inhibitors that could be employed in new therapeutical approaches for CD, as alternatives to a lifelong gluten-free diet. In this review, we summarise all the aspects regarding TG2 involvement in CD, including its enzymatic reactions in pathogenesis, the role of anti-TG2 antibodies in disease management, and the exploration of recent strategies to reduce deamidation or to use transamidation to detoxify gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Silvia Sposito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | | | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (S.S.); (A.M.R.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (I.C.)
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Promising prognostic value of Transglutaminase type 2 and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in skin cutaneous melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:294. [PMID: 35725560 PMCID: PMC9209462 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes with pleiotropic functions that have been linked to the development and progression of numerous cancers, with a recent focus on their ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment. Although several pieces of evidence demonstrated their importance in the regulation of the major signaling pathways that control oncogenesis, the correlation between TGs with clinical and pathological features remains controversial and to be further explored. Moreover, an assessment of the TGs alterations together with a functional analysis associated with clinical features and prognostic values are still lacking and would help to understand these intricacies, particularly in human cancers. In the present study, we processed data from numerous public datasets to investigate TGs distribution and prognostic signature in cancer patients. Here, we found that skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) shows the highest abundance of TGs mutations among the other human cancers. Interestingly, among all the TGs, TG2 is the only member whose expression is associated with a better overall survival in SKCM, although its expression increases with the worsening of the tumor phenotype. Our analysis revealed a strong positive association between TG2 expression and anti-tumoral immune response, which would explain the relationship between high mRNA levels and better overall survival. Our data suggest that TG2 may be presented as a new promising immune biomarker of prognosis in SKCM, which may contribute to identifying patients who would benefit the most from adjuvant immunotherapy.
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Pearse DD, Hefley AB, Morales AA, Ghosh M. Comparative Profiling of TG2 and Its Effectors in Human Relapsing Remitting and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061241. [PMID: 35740263 PMCID: PMC9220003 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic CNS autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated demyelination, axon loss, and disability. Dysregulation of transglutaminase-2 (TG2) has been implicated in disease initiation and progression. Herein, TG2 expression in post-mortem human brain tissue from Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) or Progressive MS (PMS) individuals were examined and correlated with the presence of TG2 binding partners and effectors implicated in the processes of inflammation, scar formation, and the antagonism of repair. Tissues from Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS; n = 6), Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PMS; n = 5), and non-MS control (n = 6) patients underwent immunohistochemistry for TG2, PLA2, COX-2, FN, CSPG, and HSPG. TG2 was strongly upregulated in active RRMS and PMS lesions, within blood vessels and the perivascular tissue of sclerotic plaques. TG2 colocalization was observed with GFAP+ astrocytes and ECM, including FN, HSPG, and CSPG, which also increased in either RRMS or PMS lesions. Although TG2 was not colocalized with inflammatory mediators COX-2 and PLA2, or the macrophage-microglia marker Iba1, its increased expression correlated with their elevation in active RRMS and PMS lesions. In summary, the correlation of strong TG2 induction in either RRMS or PMS with some of its binding partners but not others implicates potentially different roles for TG2 in disparate MS forms that may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien D. Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (D.D.P.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.M.)
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Andrew B. Hefley
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (D.D.P.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Alejo A. Morales
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (D.D.P.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (D.D.P.); (A.B.H.); (A.A.M.)
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-9968; Fax: +1-305-243-3923
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Al-U'datt DGF, Tranchant CC, Al-Dwairi A, AlQudah M, Al-Shboul O, Hiram R, Allen BG, Jaradat S, Alqbelat J, Abu-Zaiton AS. Implications of enigmatic transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in cardiac diseases and therapeutic developments. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115104. [PMID: 35617996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that transglutaminases (TGs), tissue TG (TG2) in particular, are involved in numerous molecular responses underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. The TG family has several intra- and extracellular functions in the human body, including collagen cross-linking, angiogenesis, cell growth, differentiation, migration, adhesion as well as survival. TGs are thiol- and calcium-dependent acyl transferases that catalyze the formation of a covalent bond between the γ-carboxamide group of a glutamine residue and an amine group, thus increasing the stability, rigidity, and stiffness of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM). Excessive accumulation of cross-linked collagen leads to increase myocardial stiffness and fibrosis. Beyond TG2 extracellular protein cross-linking action, mounting evidence suggests that this pleiotropic TG isozyme may also promote fibrotic diseases through cell survival and profibrotic pathway activation at the signaling, transcriptional and translational levels. Due to its multiple functions and localizations, TG2 fulfils critical yet incompletely understood roles in myocardial fibrosis and associated heart diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and age-related myocardial stiffness under several conditions. This review summarizes current knowledge and existing gaps regarding the ECM-dependent and ECM-independent roles of TG2 and highlights the therapeutic prospects of targeting TG2 to treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doa'a G F Al-U'datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Othman Al-Shboul
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saied Jaradat
- Princess Haya Biotechnology Center, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Jenan Alqbelat
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ahmed S Abu-Zaiton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Al al-bayt University, Al-Mafraq, Jordan
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Wilhelmus MMM, Tonoli E, Coveney C, Boocock DJ, Jongenelen CAM, Brevé JJP, Verderio EAM, Drukarch B. The Transglutaminase-2 Interactome in the APP23 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030389. [PMID: 35159198 PMCID: PMC8834516 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in the brain is closely linked with the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Unfortunately, therapies specifically targeting Aβ deposition have failed to reach their primary clinical endpoints, emphasizing the need to broaden the search strategy for alternative targets/mechanisms. Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) catalyzes post-translational modifications, is present in AD lesions and interacts with AD-associated proteins. However, an unbiased overview of TG2 interactors is lacking in both control and AD brain. Here we aimed to identify these interactors using a crossbreed of the AD-mimicking APP23 mouse model with wild type and TG2 knock-out (TG2−/−) mice. We found that absence of TG2 had no (statistically) significant effect on Aβ pathology, soluble brain levels of Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, and mRNA levels of TG family members compared to APP23 mice at 18 months of age. Quantitative proteomics and network analysis revealed a large cluster of TG2 interactors involved in synaptic transmission/assembly and cell adhesion in the APP23 brain typical of AD. Comparative proteomics of wild type and TG2−/− brains revealed a TG2-linked pathological proteome consistent with alterations in both pathways. Our data show that TG2 deletion leads to considerable network alterations consistent with a TG2 role in (dys)regulation of synaptic transmission and cell adhesion in APP23 brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha M. M. Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.M.W.); (C.A.M.J.); (J.J.P.B.); (B.D.)
| | - Elisa Tonoli
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (E.T.); (C.C.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Clare Coveney
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (E.T.); (C.C.); (D.J.B.)
| | - David J. Boocock
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (E.T.); (C.C.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Cornelis A. M. Jongenelen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.M.W.); (C.A.M.J.); (J.J.P.B.); (B.D.)
| | - John J. P. Brevé
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.M.W.); (C.A.M.J.); (J.J.P.B.); (B.D.)
| | - Elisabetta A. M. Verderio
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (E.T.); (C.C.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-115-8486628
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.M.W.); (C.A.M.J.); (J.J.P.B.); (B.D.)
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Erustes AG, Guarache GC, Guedes EDC, Leão AHFF, Pereira GJDS, Smaili SS. α-Synuclein Interactions in Mitochondria-ER Contacts: A Possible Role in Parkinson's Disease. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:25152564221119347. [PMID: 37366506 PMCID: PMC10243560 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221119347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites regulate various biological processes, such as mitochondrial dynamics, calcium homeostasis, autophagy and lipid metabolism. Notably, dysfunctions in these contact sites are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, details about the role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites in neurodegenerative diseases remain unknown. In Parkinson's disease, interactions between α-synuclein in the contact sites and components of tether complexes that connect organelles can lead to various dysfunctions, especially with regards to calcium homeostasis. This review will summarize the main tether complexes present in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, and their roles in calcium homeostasis and trafficking. We will discuss the impact of α-synuclein accumulation, its interaction with tethering complex components and the implications in Parkinson's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cicolin Guarache
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika da Cruz Guedes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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