1
|
Xu J, Peng J, Sun S, Wang D, Yuan W, Yang X, Shi T, Wang R, Liu H, Zhang P, Zhu HH. Preclinical testing of CT1113, a novel USP28 inhibitor, for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:2301-2318. [PMID: 38685813 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy with poor prognosis in adult patients. Aberrant activation of the NOTCH1 signalling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of over 60% of T-ALL cases. Ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) is a deubiquitinase known to regulate the stability of NOTCH1. Here, we report that genetic depletion of USP28 or using CT1113, a potent small molecule targeting USP28, can strongly destabilize NOTCH1 and inhibit the growth of T-ALL cells. Moreover, we show that USP28 also regulates the stability of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), which has been reported to mediate increased lipogenesis in tumour cells. As the most critical transcription factor involved in regulating lipogenesis, SREBP1 plays an important role in the metabolism of T-ALL. Therefore, USP28 may be a potential therapeutic target, and CT1113 may be a promising novel drug for T-ALL with or without mutant NOTCH1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueying Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pumin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Z, Ma X, Chen Z, Chen W, Li L, Lin Y, Hu Y, Shang Y, Zhao Y, He J, Zhou C, Meng X. Exosome-transported circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 play a tumour-repressive role and show diagnostic value in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:427. [PMID: 38711144 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs), one of the major contents of exosomes, have been shown to participate in the occurrence and progression of cancers. The role and the diagnostic potential of exosome-transported circRNAs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely unknown. METHODS The NSCLC-associated exosomal circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 were screened by circRNA microarray. The role of circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 in NSCLC was examined in vitro and in vivo. The encapsulation of the two circRNAs into exosomes and the transport to recipient cells were observed by confocal microscopy. The effects of exosome-transported circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 on recipient cells were investigated using a co-culture device. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to predict the mechanisms by which circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 affected NSCLC. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the exosome-containing circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 in the serum samples of healthy, pneumonia, benign lung tumours, and NSCLC. The diagnostic efficacy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The levels of circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 within exosomes were down-regulated in the serum of patients with NSCLC. The up-regulation of circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 inhibited the proliferation, migration/invasion, cloning formation of NSCLC cells in vitro and inhibited lung tumour growth in vivo. Circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 were observed to be packaged in exosomes and transported to recipient cells, where they inhibited the proliferation, migration/invasion, and cloning formation abilities of the recipient cells. Moreover, circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 might be involved in the progression of NSCLC by interacting with microRNAs and proteins. Additionally, lower serum exosomal circ_0061407 and circ_0008103 levels were associated with advanced pathological staging and distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS This study identified two novel exosome-transported circRNAs (circ_0061407 and circ_0008103) associated with NSCLC. These findings may provide additional insights into the development of NSCLC and potential diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/blood
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Male
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Female
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- ROC Curve
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leyi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yikai Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinxian He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315048, China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Gregorio J, Di Giuseppe L, Terreri S, Rossi M, Battafarano G, Pagliarosi O, Flati V, Del Fattore A. Protein Stability Regulation in Osteosarcoma: The Ubiquitin-like Modifications and Glycosylation as Mediators of Tumor Growth and as Targets for Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:537. [PMID: 38534381 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches are the most important challenges for osteosarcoma treatment. In fact, despite being relatively rare, recurrence and metastatic potential, particularly to the lungs, make osteosarcoma a deadly form of cancer. In fact, although current treatments, including surgery and chemotherapy, have improved survival rates, the disease's recurrence and metastasis are still unresolved complications. Insights for analyzing the still unclear molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma development, and for finding new therapeutic targets, may arise from the study of post-translational protein modifications. Indeed, they can influence and alter protein structure, stability and function, and cellular interactions. Among all the post-translational modifications, ubiquitin-like modifications (ubiquitination, deubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation), as well as glycosylation, are the most important for regulating protein stability, which is frequently altered in cancers including osteosarcoma. This review summarizes the relevance of ubiquitin-like modifications and glycosylation in osteosarcoma progression, providing an overview of protein stability regulation, as well as highlighting the molecular mediators of these processes in the context of osteosarcoma and their possible targeting for much-needed novel therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Laura Di Giuseppe
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Pagliarosi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karapurkar JK, Colaco JC, Suresh B, Tyagi A, Woo SH, Jo WJ, Ko N, Singh V, Hong SH, Oh SJ, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. USP28 promotes tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance by deubiquitinating MAST1 protein in cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:145. [PMID: 38498222 PMCID: PMC10948558 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug that causes a plethora of DNA lesions and inhibits DNA transcription and replication, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. However, over time, patients develop resistance to cisplatin due to repeated treatment and thus the treatment efficacy is limited. Therefore, identifying an alternative therapeutic strategy combining cisplatin treatment along with targeting factors that drive cisplatin resistance is needed. CRISPR/Cas9 system-based genome-wide screening for the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) subfamily identified USP28 as a potential DUB that governs cisplatin resistance. USP28 regulates the protein level of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (MAST1), a common kinase whose expression is elevated in several cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The expression level and protein turnover of MAST1 is a major factor driving cisplatin resistance in many cancer types. Here we report that the USP28 interacts and extends the half-life of MAST1 protein by its deubiquitinating activity. The expression pattern of USP28 and MAST1 showed a positive correlation across a panel of tested cancer cell lines and human clinical tissues. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout of USP28 in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells blocked MAST1-driven cisplatin resistance, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and invasion in vitro. Finally, loss of USP28 destabilized MAST1 protein and attenuated tumor growth by sensitizing cells to cisplatin treatment in mouse xenograft model. We envision that targeting the USP28-MAST1 axis along with cisplatin treatment might be an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jencia Carminha Colaco
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyeon Woo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Nare Ko
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie SY, Liu SQ, Zhang T, Shi WK, Xing Y, Fang WX, Zhang M, Chen MY, Xu SC, Fan MQ, Li LL, Zhang H, Zhao N, Zeng ZX, Chen S, Zeng XF, Deng W, Tang QZ. USP28 Serves as a Key Suppressor of Mitochondrial Morphofunctional Defects and Cardiac Dysfunction in the Diabetic Heart. Circulation 2024; 149:684-706. [PMID: 37994595 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of people with diabetes are susceptible to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, and conventional drug therapy cannot correct diabetic cardiomyopathy progression. Herein, we assessed the potential role and therapeutic value of USP28 (ubiquitin-specific protease 28) on the metabolic vulnerability of diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS The type 2 diabetes mouse model was established using db/db leptin receptor-deficient mice and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced mice. Cardiac-specific knockout of USP28 in the db/db background mice was generated by crossbreeding db/m and Myh6-Cre+/USP28fl/fl mice. Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying USP28 under cardiac troponin T promoter was injected into db/db mice. High glucose plus palmitic acid-incubated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were used to imitate diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro. The molecular mechanism was explored through RNA sequencing, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis, protein pull-down, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Microarray profiling of the UPS (ubiquitin-proteasome system) on the basis of db/db mouse hearts and diabetic patients' hearts demonstrated that the diabetic ventricle presented a significant reduction in USP28 expression. Diabetic Myh6-Cre+/USP28fl/fl mice exhibited more severe progressive cardiac dysfunction, lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial disarrangement, compared with their controls. On the other hand, USP28 overexpression improved systolic and diastolic dysfunction and ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the diabetic heart. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9-USP28 diabetic mice also exhibited less lipid storage, reduced reactive oxygen species formation, and mitochondrial impairment in heart tissues than adeno-associated virus serotype 9-null diabetic mice. As a result, USP28 overexpression attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial impairment in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mice. These results were also confirmed in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RNA sequencing, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and protein pull-down assay mechanistically revealed that USP28 directly interacted with PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α), deubiquitinating and stabilizing PPARα (Lys152) to promote Mfn2 (mitofusin 2) transcription, thereby impeding mitochondrial morphofunctional defects. However, such cardioprotective benefits of USP28 were largely abrogated in db/db mice with PPARα deletion and conditional loss-of-function of Mfn2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide a USP28-modulated mitochondria homeostasis mechanism that involves the PPARα-Mfn2 axis in diabetic hearts, suggesting that USP28 activation or adeno-associated virus therapy targeting USP28 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Yang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Shi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Wen-Ke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Wen-Xi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Meng-Ya Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Si-Chi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China (S.-c.X.)
| | - Meng-Qi Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, P.R. China (M.-q.F.)
| | - Lan-Lan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Zhao-Xiang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, P.R. China (Z.-x.Z)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China (Z.-x.Z)
| | - Si Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, P.R. China (S.C., X.-f.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, P.R. China (S.C., X.-f.Z.)
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, P.R. China (S.-y.X, S.-q.L., T.Z., W.-k.S., Y.X., W.-x.F., M.Z., M.-Y.C., L.-l.L., H.Z., N.Z., W.D., Q.z.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vela-Rodríguez C, Scarpulla I, Ashok Y, Lehtiö L. Discovery of DTX3L inhibitors through a homogeneous FRET-based assay that monitors formation and removal of poly-ubiquitin chains. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:365-375. [PMID: 37579950 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification in which consequent enzymatic activity results in the covalent linking of ubiquitin to a target protein. Once ubiquitinated, a protein can undergo multiple rounds of ubiquitination on multiple sites or form poly-ubiquitin chains. Ubiquitination regulates various cellular processes, and dysregulation of ubiquitination has been associated with more than one type of cancer. Therefore, efforts have been carried out to identify modulators of the ubiquitination cascade. Herein, we present the development of a FRET-based assay that allows us to monitor ubiquitination activity of DTX3L, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Our method shows a good signal window with a robust average Z' factor of 0.76 on 384-well microplates, indicating a good assay for screening inhibitors in a high-throughput setting. From a validatory screening experiment, we have identified the first molecules that inhibit DTX3L with potencies in the low micromolar range. We also demonstrate that the method can be expanded to study deubiquitinases, such as USP28, that reduce FRET due to hydrolysis of fluorescent poly-ubiquitin chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vela-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Ilaria Scarpulla
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Yashwanth Ashok
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu Z, Wang H, Meng Q, Ding Y, Zhu M, Zhou H, Zhang N, Shi L. Otilonium Bromide acts as a selective USP28 inhibitor and exhibits cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115746. [PMID: 37579857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
USP28 contributes to tumorigenesis through modulating the lifespan of oncogenic factors such as c-Myc and ΔNp63, and it has been identified as a potential target for anti-cancer drug development. Currently, although quite a number of USP28 inhibitors have been developed, they all are still in preclinical research stage. Besides, none of them exhibits satisfying inhibition selectivity against USP28 over its closest homologue USP25. Here in this manuscript, a high-throughput screening aiming to discover USP28 inhibitors with novel scaffold and enhanced inhibition selectivity were conducted. After the primary screening and the second round of validation, Otilonium Bromide, an approved drug for treating irritable bowel syndrome, was identified to inhibit USP28's activity with the IC50 value at 6.90 ± 0.90 μM. Besides, the drug exhibits a 3-4 folds inhibition selectivity against USP28 over USP25. According to the enzymatic kinetics analysis data and the hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry results, Otilonium Bromide could bind to the allosteric pocket of USP28 and inhibit its activity in a reversible and non-competitive mode. The following performed cell-based assays revealed that the drug could cause cytotoxicity against human colorectal cancer cells and lung squamous carcinoma cells potentially through down-regulating USP28's oncogenic substrates c-Myc and/or ΔNp63. Meanwhile, since Otilonium Bromide has been found to preferentially distribute to gastrointestinal tissues, we then evaluated its potential in the combination treatment of colorectal cancer cells with Regorafenib, which is an approved drug for colorectal cancer therapy. As expected, Otilonium Bromide could significantly enhance the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to Regorafenib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiluan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Peng J, Wu L, Shen X, Zhen X, Zhang Y, Ma H, Xu Y, Xiong Q, Zhu Q, Zhang P. The deubiquitinase USP28 maintains the expression of the transcription factor MYCN and is essential in neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104856. [PMID: 37230388 PMCID: PMC10404617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in children. MYCN gene amplification is highly associated with poor prognosis in high-risk NB patients. In non-MYCN-amplified high-risk NB patients, the expression of c-MYC (MYCC) and its target genes is highly elevated. USP28 as a deubiquitinase is known to regulate the stability of MYCC. We show here USP28 also regulates the stability of MYCN. Genetic depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of the deubiquitinase strongly destabilizes MYCN and stops the growth of NB cells that overexpress MYCN. In addition, MYCC could be similarly destabilized in non-MYCN NB cells by compromising USP28 function. Our results strongly suggest USP28 as a therapeutic target for NB with or without MYCN amplification/overexpression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingzhi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- Chaser Therapeutics Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinghua Zhen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huailu Ma
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qunli Xiong
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Pumin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou L, Qin B, Yassine DM, Luo M, Liu X, Wang F, Wang Y. Structure and function of the highly homologous deubiquitinases ubiquitin specific peptidase 25 and 28: Insights into their pathophysiological and therapeutic roles. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115624. [PMID: 37245535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitination is the reverse process of ubiquitination, an important protein post-translational modification. Deubiquitination is assisted by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which catalyze the hydrolysis and removal of ubiquitin chains from targeted proteins and play an important role in regulating protein stability, cell signaling transduction, and programmed cell death. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases 25 and 28 (USP25 and USP28), important members of the USP subfamily of DUBs, are highly homologous, strictly regulated, and closely associated with various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the development of inhibitors targeting USP25 and USP28 for disease treatment has garnered extreme attention. Several non-selective and selective inhibitors have shown potential inhibitory effects. However, the specificity, potency, and action mechanism of these inhibitors remain to be further improved and clarified. Herein, we summarize the structure, regulation, emerging physiological roles, and target inhibition of USP25 and USP28 to provide a basis for the development of highly potent and specific inhibitors for the treatment of diseases, such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Biying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Demna Mohamed Yassine
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Maoguo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maier CR, Hartmann O, Prieto-Garcia C, Al-Shami KM, Schlicker L, Vogel FCE, Haid S, Klann K, Buck V, Münch C, Schmitz W, Einig E, Krenz B, Calzado MA, Eilers M, Popov N, Rosenfeldt MT, Diefenbacher ME, Schulze A. USP28 controls SREBP2 and the mevalonate pathway to drive tumour growth in squamous cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01173-6. [PMID: 37202505 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SREBP2 is a master regulator of the mevalonate pathway (MVP), a biosynthetic process that drives the synthesis of dolichol, heme A, ubiquinone and cholesterol and also provides substrates for protein prenylation. Here, we identify SREBP2 as a novel substrate for USP28, a deubiquitinating enzyme that is frequently upregulated in squamous cancers. Our results show that silencing of USP28 reduces expression of MVP enzymes and lowers metabolic flux into this pathway. We also show that USP28 binds to mature SREBP2, leading to its deubiquitination and stabilisation. USP28 depletion rendered cancer cells highly sensitive to MVP inhibition by statins, which was rescued by the addition of geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate. Analysis of human tissue microarrays revealed elevated expression of USP28, SREBP2 and MVP enzymes in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) compared to lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Moreover, CRISPR/Cas-mediated deletion of SREBP2 selectively attenuated tumour growth in a KRas/p53/LKB1 mutant mouse model of lung cancer. Finally, we demonstrate that statins synergise with a dual USP28/25 inhibitor to reduce viability of SCC cells. Our findings suggest that combinatorial targeting of MVP and USP28 could be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina R Maier
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hartmann
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Prieto-Garcia
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kamal M Al-Shami
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Schlicker
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix C E Vogel
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Haid
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Klann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Viktoria Buck
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 75, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elias Einig
- Internal Medicine VIII-Clinical Tumor Biology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Krenz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikita Popov
- Internal Medicine VIII-Clinical Tumor Biology, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias T Rosenfeldt
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus E Diefenbacher
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Almut Schulze
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fito-Lopez B, Salvadores M, Alvarez MM, Supek F. Prevalence, causes and impact of TP53-loss phenocopying events in human tumors. BMC Biol 2023; 21:92. [PMID: 37095494 PMCID: PMC10127307 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 is a master tumor suppressor gene, mutated in approximately half of all human cancers. Given the many regulatory roles of the corresponding p53 protein, it is possible to infer loss of p53 activity - which may occur due to alterations in trans - from gene expression patterns. Several such alterations that phenocopy p53 loss are known, however additional ones may exist, but their identity and prevalence among human tumors are not well characterized. RESULTS We perform a large-scale statistical analysis on transcriptomes of ~ 7,000 tumors and ~ 1,000 cell lines, estimating that 12% and 8% of tumors and cancer cell lines, respectively, phenocopy TP53 loss: they are likely deficient in the activity of the p53 pathway, while not bearing obvious TP53 inactivating mutations. While some of these cases are explained by amplifications in the known phenocopying genes MDM2, MDM4 and PPM1D, many are not. An association analysis of cancer genomic scores jointly with CRISPR/RNAi genetic screening data identified an additional common TP53-loss phenocopying gene, USP28. Deletions in USP28 are associated with a TP53 functional impairment in 2.9-7.6% of breast, bladder, lung, liver and stomach tumors, and have comparable effect size to MDM4 amplifications. Additionally, in the known copy number alteration (CNA) segment harboring MDM2, we identify an additional co-amplified gene (CNOT2) that may cooperatively boost the TP53 functional inactivation effect of MDM2. An analysis of cancer cell line drug screens using phenocopy scores suggests that TP53 (in)activity commonly modulates associations between anticancer drug effects and various genetic markers, such as PIK3CA and PTEN mutations, and should thus be considered as a drug activity modifying factor in precision medicine. As a resource, we provide the drug-genetic marker associations that differ depending on TP53 functional status. CONCLUSIONS Human tumors that do not bear obvious TP53 genetic alterations but that phenocopy p53 activity loss are common, and the USP28 gene deletions are one likely cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fito-Lopez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Salvadores
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Martin Alvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fran Supek
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai XJ, Xue LP, Ji SK, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zheng YC, Liu HM, Liu HM. Triazole-fused pyrimidines in target-based anticancer drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115101. [PMID: 36724635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of targeted drugs has featured prominently in the treatment of cancer, which is among the major causes of mortality globally. Triazole-fused pyrimidines, a widely-used class of heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents that target various cancer-associated targets in recent years, demonstrating them as valuable templates for discovering novel anticancer candidates. The current review concentrates on the latest advancements of triazole-pyrimidines as target-based anticancer agents, including works published between 2007 and the present (2007-2022). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) and multiple pathways are also reviewed to shed light on the development of more effective and biotargeted anticancer candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei-Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao Z, Xu H, Wei Y, Sun L, Song Y. Deubiquitylase PSMD14 inhibits autophagy to promote ovarian cancer progression via stabilization of LRPPRC. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166594. [PMID: 36328147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a key cellular process, which exists in many tumors and plays dual roles in tumor promotion and suppression. However, the role and mechanism of aberrant autophagy in ovarian cancer remains unclear. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is the most important pathway for specific protein degradation. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) have crucial roles in all the stages of tumorigenesis and progression. Herein, we explore the DUBs which contribute to aberrant autophagy in ovarian cancer. TCGA data analysis shows that the autophagy level is suppressed, and the selective autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 is abnormally high expressed in ovarian cancer. We screen and identify that the deubiquitinase PSMD14 negatively regulates autophagy level. Functional studies show that increased PSMD14 expression remarkably enhances ovarian cancer cells malignancy, whereas knockdown of PSMD14 has the opposite effect. Furthermore, in vivo assays show that knockdown of PSMD14 inhibits the growth, lung and abdominal metastasis of ovarian cancer. Mechanistically, PSMD14 directly interacts with LRPPRC and inhibits its ubiquitination, thereby inhibiting autophagy through LRPPRC/Beclin1-Bcl-2/SQSTM1 signaling pathway. Next, we demonstrate that PSMD14 is upregulated in ovarian cancer and high expression of PSMD14 positively correlates with LRPPRC. Taken together, we clarify the role of autophagy in regulating the ovarian cancer phenotype and provide insights into regulatory mechanism of autophagy in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heyang Xu
- Departments of Gynecological Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital l & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Sun
- Departments of Gynecological Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital l & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China; Departments of Gynecological Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jin S, Kudo Y, Horiguchi T. The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzyme in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010552. [PMID: 36613989 PMCID: PMC9820089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are two popular ways for the post-translational modification of proteins. These two modifications affect intracellular localization, stability, and function of target proteins. The process of deubiquitination is involved in histone modification, cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, endocytosis, autophagy, and DNA repair after damage. Moreover, it is involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and cancer development. In this review, we discuss these issues in understanding deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and their potential therapeutic strategies for HNSCC patients are also discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
An T, Lu Y, Gong Z, Wang Y, Su C, Tang G, Hou J. Research Progress for Targeting Deubiquitinases in Gastric Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235831. [PMID: 36497313 PMCID: PMC9735992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancers (GCs) are malignant tumors with a high incidence that threaten global public health. Despite advances in GC diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying GC progression need to be identified to develop prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that regulates the stability, activity, localization, and interactions of target proteins, can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which can remove ubiquitin monomers or polymers from modified proteins. The dysfunction of DUBs has been closely linked to tumorigenesis in various cancer types, and targeting certain DUBs may provide a potential option for cancer therapy. Multiple DUBs have been demonstrated to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in GC. In this review, we summarize the DUBs involved in GC and their associated upstream regulation and downstream mechanisms and present the benefits of targeting DUBs for GC treatment, which could provide new insights for GC diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanting Lu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaoqi Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guimei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (G.T.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheng Y, Chen J, Shi Y, Fang X, Tang Z. MAPK Signaling Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194625. [PMID: 36230547 PMCID: PMC9563402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 95% of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases. It is highly malignant and aggressive, with a poor prognosis and a 5-year survival rate of <50%. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have been performed on the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in oral cancer. The MAPK signaling pathway is activated in over 50% of human oral cancer cases. Herein, we review research progress on the MAPK signaling pathway and its potential therapeutic mechanisms and discuss its molecular targeting to explore its potential as a therapeutic strategy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaodan Fang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (Z.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prieto-Garcia C, Hartmann O, Reissland M, Braun F, Bozkurt S, Pahor N, Fuss C, Schirbel A, Schülein-Völk C, Buchberger A, Calzado Canale MA, Rosenfeldt M, Dikic I, Münch C, Diefenbacher ME. USP28 enables oncogenic transformation of respiratory cells and its inhibition potentiates molecular therapy targeting mutant EGFR, BRAF and PI3K. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3082-3106. [PMID: 35364627 PMCID: PMC9441007 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation of lung epithelial cells is a multistep process, frequently starting with the inactivation of tumour suppressors and subsequent development of activating mutations in proto‐oncogenes, such as members of the PI3K or MAPK families. Cells undergoing transformation have to adjust to changes, including altered metabolic requirements. This is achieved, in part, by modulating the protein abundance of transcription factors. Here, we report that the ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase 28 (USP28) enables oncogenic reprogramming by regulating the protein abundance of proto‐oncogenes such as c‐JUN, c‐MYC, NOTCH and ∆NP63 at early stages of malignant transformation. USP28 levels are increased in cancer compared with in normal cells due to a feed‐forward loop, driven by increased amounts of oncogenic transcription factors such as c‐MYC and c‐JUN. Irrespective of oncogenic driver, interference with USP28 abundance or activity suppresses growth and survival of transformed lung cells. Furthermore, inhibition of USP28 via a small‐molecule inhibitor resets the proteome of transformed cells towards a ‘premalignant’ state, and its inhibition synergizes with clinically established compounds used to target EGFRL858R‐, BRAFV600E‐ or PI3KH1047R‐driven tumour cells. Targeting USP28 protein abundance at an early stage via inhibition of its activity is therefore a feasible strategy for the treatment of early‐stage lung tumours, and the observed synergism with current standard‐of‐care inhibitors holds the potential for improved targeting of established tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Prieto-Garcia
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Hartmann
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Reissland
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Protein quality control, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nikolett Pahor
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Carmina Fuss
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marco A Calzado Canale
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mathias Rosenfeldt
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Institut für Pathologie, Universitaetsklinikum Wuerzburg
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Protein quality control, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus E Diefenbacher
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|