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Lin YK, Hong YL, Liu CY, Lin WQ, Liang K, Deng SQ, Zhang XJ, Zeng JX, Wang S. Jiawei Bai-Hu-decoction ameliorated heat stroke-induced brain injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signal and mitophagy of glial cell. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118571. [PMID: 38996953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiawei Bai-Hu-Decoction (JWBHD), a prescription formulated with seven traditional Chinese medicinal material has demonstrated clinical efficacy in mitigating brain injury among heat stroke (HS) patients. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of JWBHD on rat model of HS and to explore its therapeutic mechanisms by integrating network pharmacology and pharmacodynamic methodologies, which major components were analyzed by using UPLC-MS/MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The network pharmacology analysis was firstly conducted to predict the potential active ingredients and therapeutic targets of JWBHD. The anti-HS effectiveness of JWBHD was then evaluated on rats experienced HS. Rat brain tissues were harvested for a comprehensive array of experiments, including Western blot, PCR, H&E staining, Nissl staining, ELISA, transmission electron microscope, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence to validate the protective effects of JWBHD against HS-induced brain damage. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of JWBHD on TLR4/NF-κB signal and mitophagy of glial were further verified on HS-challenged F98 cell line. Finally, the chemical compositions of the water extract of JWBHD were analyzed by using UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Network pharmacology has identified fifty core targets and numerous HS-related signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets of JWBHD. Analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) and GO suggests that JWBHD may suppress HS-induced inflammatory signals. In experiments conducted on HS-rats, JWBHD significantly reduced the core temperature, restored blood pressure and alleviated neurological defect. Furthermore, JWBHD downregulated the counts of white blood cells and monocytes, decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in peripheral blood, and suppressed the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the cerebral cortex of HS-rats. Besides, JWBHD inhibited the apoptosis of cortical cells and mitigated the damage to the cerebral cortex in HS group. Conversely, overactive mitophagy was observed in the cerebral cortex of HS-rats. However, JWBHD restored the mitochondrial membrane potential and downregulated expressions of mitophagic proteins including Pink1, Parkin, LC3B and Tom20. JWBHD reduced the co-localization of Pink1 and GFAP, a specific marker of astrocytes in the cerebral cortex of HS-rats. In addition, the inhibitory effect of JWBHD on TLR4/NF-κB signaling and overactive mitophagy were further confirmed in F98 cells. Finally, UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that the main components of JWBHD include isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, etc. CONCLUSIONS: JWBHD protected rats from HS and prevented HS-induced damage in the cerebral cortex by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling and mitophagy of glial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ke Lin
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.87 Yingbin Avenue, Huadu District, Guangzhou, 510801, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.87 Yingbin Avenue, Huadu District, Guangzhou, 510801, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wan-Qiu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Jia-Xin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Sixth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6001, Beihuan Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518034, PR China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.87 Yingbin Avenue, Huadu District, Guangzhou, 510801, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 232, Waihuandong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Huadu District Women and Children's Health Hospital, No.51, Jianshe Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, 510800, PR China.
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Bi Y, Yu W, Bian W, Jin M, He Y, Wang J, Miao X, Guo T, Ma X, Gong P, Li R, Xi J, Guo S, Gao Z. Metabolic and Microbial Dysregulation in Preterm Infants with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Early Developmental Perspective. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3460-3468. [PMID: 39013122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is one of the most severe respiratory disorders in preterm infants (PTIs) due to immature lung development. To delineate the serum metabolic alterations and gut microbiota variations in NRDS and assess their implications on neonatal development, we enrolled 13 NRDS neonates and 12 PTIs and collected fecal and serum specimens after birth. Longitudinal fecal sampling was conducted weekly for a month in NRDS neonates. NRDS neonates were characterized by notably reduced gestational ages and birth weights and a higher rate of asphyxia at birth relative to PTIs. Early postnatal disturbances in tryptophan metabolism were evident in the NRDS group, concomitant with elevated relative abundance of Haemophilus, Fusicatenibacter, and Vibrio. Integrative multiomics analyses revealed an inverse relationship between tryptophan concentrations and Blautia abundance. At one-week old, NRDS neonates exhibited cortisol regulation anomalies and augmented hepatic catabolism. Sequential microbial profiling revealed distinct gut microbiota evolution in NRDS subjects, characterized by a general reduction in potentially pathogenic bacteria. The acute perinatal stress of NRDS leads to mitochondrial compromise, hormonal imbalance, and delayed gut microbiota evolution. Despite the short duration of NRDS, its impact on neonatal development is significant and requires extended attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Wenyi Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wenjie Bian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mengtong Jin
- Linfen Clinical Medicine Research Center, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Yukun He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Miao
- Linfen Clinical Medicine Research Center, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Linfen Clinical Medicine Research Center, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Pihua Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiangli Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Shuming Guo
- Linfen Clinical Medicine Research Center, Linfen 041000, China
- Institute of Chest and Lung Diseases, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Chest and Lung Diseases, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Kong W, Lu C. Role of mitochondria in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:991-1000. [PMID: 38314617 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, an important cause of death as well as long-term disability in survivors, is caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation, and limited blood flow. Following hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonatal brain, three main biochemical damages (excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and exacerbated inflammation) are triggered. Mitochondria are involved in all three cascades. Mitochondria are the nexus of metabolic pathways to offer most of the energy that our body needs. Hypoxic-ischemic injury affects the characteristics of mitochondria, including dynamics, permeability, and ATP production, which also feed back into the process of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Mitochondria can be a cellular hub in inflammation, which is another main response of the injured neonatal brain. Some treatments for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy affect the function of mitochondria or target mitochondria, including therapeutic hypothermia and erythropoietin. This review presents the main roles of mitochondria in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and discusses some potential treatments directed at mitochondria, which may foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for this encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Wu L, Chang E, Zhao H, Ma D. Regulated cell death in hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: recent development and mechanistic overview. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:277. [PMID: 38862503 PMCID: PMC11167026 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in termed infants remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the introduction of therapeutic hypothermia. Depending on the cell type, cellular context, metabolic predisposition and insult severity, cell death in the injured immature brain can be highly heterogenous. A continuum of cell death exists in the H/I-injured immature brain. Aside from apoptosis, emerging evidence supports the pathological activation of necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis as alternative regulated cell death (RCD) in HIE to trigger neuroinflammation and metabolic disturbances in addition to cell loss. Upregulation of autophagy and mitophagy in HIE represents an intrinsic neuroprotective strategy. Molecular crosstalk between RCD pathways implies one RCD mechanism may compensate for the loss of function of another. Moreover, mitochondrion was identified as the signalling "hub" where different RCD pathways converge. The highly-orchestrated nature of RCD makes them promising therapeutic targets. Better understanding of RCD mechanisms and crosstalk between RCD subtypes likely shed light on novel therapy development for HIE. The identification of a potential RCD converging node may open up the opportunity for simultaneous and synergistic inhibition of cell death in the immature brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wu
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Enqiang Chang
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
- Perioperative and Systems Medicine Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Curel CJM, Nobeli I, Thornton C. Leflunomide Treatment Does Not Protect Neural Cells following Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:631. [PMID: 38607070 PMCID: PMC11011260 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) affects 2-3 per 1000 live births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1000 live births in developing countries. It is estimated that of the 750,000 infants experiencing a hypoxic-ischemic event during birth per year, more than 400,000 will be severely affected. As treatment options are limited, rapidly identifying new therapeutic avenues is critical, and repurposing drugs already in clinical use offers a fast-track route to clinic. One emerging avenue for therapeutic intervention in neonatal HI is to target mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs early in the development of brain injury. Mitochondrial dynamics are particularly affected, with mitochondrial fragmentation occurring at the expense of the pro-fusion protein Optic Atrophy (OPA)1. OPA1, together with mitofusins (MFN)1/2, are required for membrane fusion, and therefore, protecting their function may also safeguard mitochondrial dynamics. Leflunomide, an FDA-approved immunosuppressant, was recently identified as an activator of MFN2 with partial effects on OPA1 expression. We, therefore, treated C17.2 cells with Leflunomide before or after oxygen-glucose deprivation, an in vitro mimic of HI, to determine its efficacy as a neuroprotection and inhibitor of mitochondrial dysfunction. Leflunomide increased baseline OPA1 but not MFN2 expression in C17.2 cells. However, Leflunomide was unable to promote cell survival following OGD. Equally, there was no obvious effect on mitochondrial morphology or bioenergetics. These data align with studies suggesting that the tissue and mitochondrial protein profile of the target cell/tissue are critical for taking advantage of the therapeutic actions of Leflunomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. M. Curel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Irene Nobeli
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
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Esposito P, Rodriguez C, Gandelman M, Liang J, Ismail N. CD46 expression in the central nervous system of male and female pubescent mice. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578234. [PMID: 37944208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
CD46 is a complementary regulatory protein ubiquitously expressed in human cells, controlling complement system activation. CD46 has further been identified to have several other functions including regulatory T cell induction and intestinal epithelial (IEC) barrier regulation. Activation of CD46 in the IEC can impact intestinal barrier permeability and immune system functioning. CD46 has only been identified in the spermatozoa and retina of mice. In other murine cells, the homologue CRRY is identified to function as the complementary regulator. Due to the identification of CRRY across other wild-type mouse cells and the development of mouse strains transgenic for human CD46, no recent research has been conducted to determine if CD46 is present in non-transgenic mouse strains. Therefore, the current study investigated if CD46 is expressed in the substantia nigra (SN) and caudate putamen (CP) of pubescent CD1 mice and examined the acute effects of pubertal antimicrobial and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on CD46 expression in the brain. As of 5 weeks of age, mice were administered mixed antimicrobial solution or water with oral gavage twice daily for 7 days. At 6 weeks of age, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS or saline. Mice were euthanized 8 h post-injection and brain samples were collected. Our results indicate that pubescent CD-1 mice express CD46 in the SN and CP. However, LPS-treated mice displayed significantly less CD46 expression in the SN in comparison to saline-treated mice. Furthermore, males displayed more CD46 in the CP compared to females, regardless of LPS and antimicrobial treatments. Our data suggest CD46 is present in CD1 mice and that LPS and antimicrobial treatments impact CD46 protein expression in a sex-dependent manner. These results have important implications for the expression of CD46 in the mouse brain and the understanding of its role in immune system regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Cloudia Rodriguez
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michelle Gandelman
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jacky Liang
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- Neuroimmunology, Stress, and Endocrinology (NISE) Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; LIFE Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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You Q, Lan XB, Liu N, Du J, Ma L, Yang JM, Niu JG, Peng XD, Jin GL, Yu JQ. Neuroprotective strategies for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage: Current status and challenges. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176003. [PMID: 37640219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a prominent contributor to both immediate mortality and long-term impairment in newborns. The elusive nature of the underlying mechanisms responsible for neonatal HIBD presents a significant obstacle in the effective clinical application of numerous pharmaceutical interventions. This comprehensive review aims to concentrate on the potential neuroprotective agents that have demonstrated efficacy in addressing various pathogenic factors associated with neonatal HIBD, encompassing oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. In this review, we conducted an analysis of the precise molecular pathways by which these drugs elicit neuroprotective effects in animal models of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBD). Our objective was to provide a comprehensive overview of potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neonatal HIBD in animal experiments, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the feasibility of clinical translation and establishing a solid theoretical foundation for the clinical management of neonatal HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Gui-Lin Jin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Wei X, Wang Y, Lao Y, Weng J, Deng R, Li S, Lu J, Yang S, Liu X. Effects of honokiol protects against chronic kidney disease via BNIP3/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy and AMPK pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6557-6568. [PMID: 37338733 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health threat worldwide. Defective mitophagy has been reported to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which is closely associated with CKD pathogenesis. Honokiol (HKL) is a bioactive component of Magnolia officinalis that has multiple efficacies. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of HKL on a CKD rat model and explore the possible mechanisms of mitophagy mediated by Bcl-2 interacting protein 3 and BNIP3-like (NIX) (also known as the BNIP3/NIX pathway) and FUN14 domain-containing 1 (the FUNDC1 pathway) and the role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. METHODS A CKD rat model was established by feeding the animals dietary adenine (0.75% w/w, 3 weeks). Simultaneously, the treatment group was given HKL (5 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) by gavage. Renal function was assessed by measuring serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Pathological changes were analyzed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. Protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HKL treatment ameliorated the decline in renal function and reduced tubular lesions and interstitial fibrosis in CKD rats. Accordingly, the renal fibrosis markers Col-IV and α-SMA were decreased by HKL. Moreover, HKL suppressed the upregulation of the proapoptotic proteins Bad and Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 expression in CKD rats. Furthermore, HKL suppressed BNIP3, NIX and FUNDC1 expression, leading to the reduction of excessive mitophagy in CKD rats. Additionally, AMPK was activated by adenine, and HKL reversed this change and significantly decreased the level of activated AMPK (phosphorylated AMPK, P-AMPK). CONCLUSION HKL exerted a renoprotective effect on CKD rats, which was possibly associated with BNIP3/NIX and FUNDC1-mediated mitophagy and the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunlan Lao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Weng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruyu Deng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shudong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Jagečić D, Petrović DJ, Šimunić I, Isaković J, Mitrečić D. The Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation of Immature Cells of the Nervous System Exerts Distinct Effects on Mitochondria, Mitophagy, and Autophagy, Depending on the Cells' Differentiation Stage. Brain Sci 2023; 13:910. [PMID: 37371388 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain damage, one of the most common causes of lifelong impairment, is predominantly caused by a lack of oxygen and glucose during early development. These conditions, in turn, affect cells of the nervous tissue through various stages of their maturation. To quantify the influence of these factors on cell differentiation and mitochondrial parameters, we exposed neural cell precursors to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) during three stages of their differentiation: day 1, day 7, and day 14 (D1, D7, and D14, respectively). The obtained results show that OGD slows down cellular differentiation and causes cell death. Regardless of the level of cell maturity, the overall area of the mitochondria, their length, and the branching of their filaments decreased uniformly when exposed to OGD-related stress. Moreover, the cells in all stages of differentiation exhibited an increase in ROS production, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and autophagy. Interestingly, day 7 was the only stage in which a significant increase in mitochondrial fission, along with measurable instances of mitophagy, were detected. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that, apart from common reactions to a sudden lack of oxygen and glucose, cells in specific stages of neural differentiation can also exhibit increased preferences for mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Such findings could play a role in guiding the future development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting perinatal brain damage during specific stages of nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Jagečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Juraj Petrović
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos d.o.o., Laboratory for Glycobiology, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Šimunić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Isaković
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Omnion Research International, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kawalec M, Wojtyniak P, Bielska E, Lewczuk A, Boratyńska-Jasińska A, Beręsewicz-Haller M, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Gewartowska M, Zabłocka B. Mitochondrial dynamics, elimination and biogenesis during post-ischemic recovery in ischemia-resistant and ischemia-vulnerable gerbil hippocampal regions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166633. [PMID: 36566873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) result from a temporary blockage in blood circulation in the brain. As TIAs cause disabilities and often precede full-scale strokes, the effects of TIA are investigated to develop neuroprotective therapies. We analyzed changes in mitochondrial network dynamics, mitophagy and biogenesis in sections of gerbil hippocampus characterized by a different neuronal survival rate after 5-minute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult. Our research revealed a significantly greater mtDNA/nDNA ratio in CA2-3, DG hippocampal regions (5.8 ± 1.4 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 in CA1) that corresponded to a neuronal resistance to I/R. During reperfusion, an increase of pro-fission (phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1) and pro-fusion proteins (1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.4 ± 0.3 for Mfn2 and Opa1, respectively) was observed in CA2-3, DG. Selective autophagy markers, PINK1 and SQSTM1/p62, were elevated 24-96 h after I/R and accompanied by significant elevation of transcription factors proteins PGC-1α and Nrf1 (1.2 ± 0.4, 1.78 ± 0.6, respectively) and increased respiratory chain proteins (e.g., 1.5 ± 0.3 for complex IV at I/R 96 h). Contrastingly, decreased enzymatic activity of citrate synthase, reduced Hsp60 protein level and electron transport chain subunits (0.88 ± 0.03, 0.74 ± 0.1 and 0.71 ± 0.1 for complex IV at I/R 96 h, respectively) were observed in I/R-vulnerable CA1. The phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1 was increased while Mfn2 and total Opa1 reduced to 0.88 ± 0.1 and 0.77 ± 0.17, respectively. General autophagy, measured as LC3-II/I ratio, was activated 3 h after reperfusion reaching 2.37 ± 0.9 of control. This study demonstrated that enhanced mitochondrial fusion, followed by late and selective mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis might together contribute to reduced susceptibility to TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kawalec
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wojtyniak
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bielska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Lewczuk
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Boratyńska-Jasińska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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