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Frusciante L, Geminiani M, Trezza A, Olmastroni T, Mastroeni P, Salvini L, Lamponi S, Bernini A, Grasso D, Dreassi E, Spiga O, Santucci A. Phytochemical Composition, Anti-Inflammatory Property, and Anti-Atopic Effect of Chaetomorpha linum Extract. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:226. [PMID: 38786617 PMCID: PMC11123029 DOI: 10.3390/md22050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing plant-based resources, particularly their by-products, aligns with sustainability principles and circular bioeconomy, contributing to environmental preservation. The therapeutic potential of plant extracts is garnering increasing interest, and this study aimed to demonstrate promising outcomes from an extract obtained from an underutilized plant waste. Chaetomorpha linum, an invasive macroalga found in the Orbetello Lagoon, thrives in eutrophic conditions, forming persistent mats covering approximately 400 hectares since 2005. The biomass of C. linum undergoes mechanical harvesting and is treated as waste, requiring significant human efforts and economic resources-A critical concern for municipalities. Despite posing challenges to local ecosystems, the study identified C. linum as a natural source of bioactive metabolites. Phytochemical characterization revealed lipids, amino acids, and other compounds with potential anti-inflammatory activity in C. linum extract. In vitro assays with LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells showed the extract inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) productions, and reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions via NF-κB nuclear translocation, in RAW 264.7 cells. It also reduced chemokines (TARC/CCL17, RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL2, and IL-8) and the cytokine IL-1β production in HaCaT cells, suggesting potential as a therapeutic candidate for chronic diseases like atopic dermatitis. Finally, in silico studies indicated palmitic acid as a significant contributor to the observed effect. This research not only uncovered the untapped potential of C. linum but also laid the foundation for its integration into the circular bioeconomy, promoting sustainable practices, and innovative applications across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frusciante
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Michela Geminiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Tommaso Olmastroni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Mastroeni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Laura Salvini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Grasso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Advanced Robotics and Enabling Digital TEchnologies & Systems 4.0 (ARTES 4.0), Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.F.); (A.T.); (T.O.); (P.M.); (S.L.); (A.B.); (D.G.); (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- SienabioACTIVE, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Advanced Robotics and Enabling Digital TEchnologies & Systems 4.0 (ARTES 4.0), Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
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Cutolo EA, Caferri R, Campitiello R, Cutolo M. The Clinical Promise of Microalgae in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Natural Compounds to Recombinant Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:630. [PMID: 38132951 PMCID: PMC10745133 DOI: 10.3390/md21120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an invalidating chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by joint inflammation and progressive bone damage. Dietary intervention is an important component in the treatment of RA to mitigate oxidative stress, a major pathogenic driver of the disease. Alongside traditional sources of antioxidants, microalgae-a diverse group of photosynthetic prokaryotes and eukaryotes-are emerging as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory food supplements. Several species accumulate therapeutic metabolites-mainly lipids and pigments-which interfere in the pro-inflammatory pathways involved in RA and other chronic inflammatory conditions. The advancement of the clinical uses of microalgae requires the continuous exploration of phytoplankton biodiversity and chemodiversity, followed by the domestication of wild strains into reliable producers of said metabolites. In addition, the tractability of microalgal genomes offers unprecedented possibilities to establish photosynthetic microbes as light-driven biofactories of heterologous immunotherapeutics. Here, we review the evidence-based anti-inflammatory mechanisms of microalgal metabolites and provide a detailed coverage of the genetic engineering strategies to enhance the yields of endogenous compounds and to develop innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Andrea Cutolo
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Caferri
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Bioenergy, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Campitiello
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (R.C.)
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Conde T, Neves B, Couto D, Melo T, Lopes D, Pais R, Batista J, Cardoso H, Silva JL, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Polar Lipids of Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis Mitigate the LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response in Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:629. [PMID: 38132950 PMCID: PMC10745121 DOI: 10.3390/md21120629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are recognized as a relevant source of bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive products, lipids, mainly glycolipids, have been shown to present immunomodulatory properties with the potential to mitigate chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of polar lipids isolated from Nannochloropsis oceanica and Chlorococcum amblystomatis. Three fractions enriched in (1) digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), (2) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), and (3) diacylglyceryl-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and phospholipids (PL) were obtained from the total lipid extracts (TE) of N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis, and their anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by analyzing their capacity to counteract nitric oxide (NO) production and transcription of pro-inflammatory genes Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. For both microalgae, TE and Fractions 1 and 3 strongly inhibited NO production, although to different extents. A strong reduction in the LPS-induced transcription of Nos2, Ptgs2, Tnfa, and Il1b was observed for N. oceanica and C. amblystomatis lipids. The most active fractions were the DGTS-and-PL-enriched fraction from N. oceanica and the DGDG-and-SQDG-enriched fraction from C. amblystomatis. Our results reveal that microalgae lipids have strong anti-inflammatory capacity and may be explored as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals, offering a natural solution to tackle chronic inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Daniela Couto
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Diana Lopes
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - Rita Pais
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Joana Batista
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Helena Cardoso
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Joana Laranjeira Silva
- R&D Department, Allmicroalgae—Natural Products S.A., Rua 25 de Abril s/n, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal; (H.C.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Pedro Domingues
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.C.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.L.); (P.D.)
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Vietor I, Cikes D, Piironen K, Vasakou T, Heimdörfer D, Gstir R, Erlacher MD, Tancevski I, Eller P, Demetz E, Hess MW, Kuhn V, Degenhart G, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Hrabe de Angelis M, Valovka T, Huber LA. The negative adipogenesis regulator Dlk1 is transcriptionally regulated by Ifrd1 (TIS7) and translationally by its orthologue Ifrd2 (SKMc15). eLife 2023; 12:e88350. [PMID: 37603466 PMCID: PMC10468205 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1), an inhibitor of adipogenesis, controls the cell fate of adipocyte progenitors. Experimental data presented here identify two independent regulatory mechanisms, transcriptional and translational, by which Ifrd1 (TIS7) and its orthologue Ifrd2 (SKMc15) regulate Dlk1 levels. Mice deficient in both Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 (dKO) had severely reduced adipose tissue and were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Wnt signaling, a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation, was significantly upregulated in dKO mice. Elevated levels of the Wnt/β-catenin target protein Dlk1 inhibited the expression of adipogenesis regulators Pparg and Cebpa, and fatty acid transporter Cd36. Although both Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 contributed to this phenotype, they utilized two different mechanisms. Ifrd1 acted by controlling Wnt signaling and thereby transcriptional regulation of Dlk1. On the other hand, distinctive experimental evidence showed that Ifrd2 acts as a general translational inhibitor significantly affecting Dlk1 protein levels. Novel mechanisms of Dlk1 regulation in adipocyte differentiation involving Ifrd1 and Ifrd2 are based on experimental data presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Vietor
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- IMBA, Institute of MolecularBiotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Kati Piironen
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Theodora Vasakou
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - David Heimdörfer
- Division of Genomics and RNomics, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ronald Gstir
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Philipp Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department Trauma Surgery, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Gerald Degenhart
- Department of Radiology, Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Life SciencesWeihenstephanGermany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)NeuherbergGermany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Life SciencesFreisingGermany
| | - Taras Valovka
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical UniversityInnsbruckAustria
- ADSI – Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbHInnsbruckAustria
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Stasiewicz A, Conde T, Gęgotek A, Domingues MR, Domingues P, Skrzydlewska E. Prevention of UVB Induced Metabolic Changes in Epidermal Cells by Lipid Extract from Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11302. [PMID: 37511067 PMCID: PMC10379835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of skin cells to UV radiation leads to redox imbalances and inflammation. The present study investigates a lipid extract obtained from the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica as a potential protector against UVB-induced disturbances in human keratinocytes. The findings of this study show that the Nannochloropsis oceanica extract significantly inhibits UVB-induced cell death while concurrently decreasing the activity of pro-oxidative enzymes (xanthine and NADPH oxidase) and reducing the levels of ROS. Furthermore, the extract augments the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutases and catalase), as well as glutathione/thioredoxin-dependent systems in UVB-irradiated cells. The expression of Nrf2 factor activators (p62, KAP1, p38) was significantly elevated, while no impact was observed on Nrf2 inhibitors (Keap1, Bach1). The antioxidant activity of the extract was accompanied by the silencing of overexpressed membrane transporters caused by UVB radiation. Furthermore, the Nannochloropsis oceanica extract exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes by decreasing the levels of TNFα, 8-iso prostaglandin F2, and 4-HNE-protein adducts. In conclusion, the lipid components of Nannochloropsis oceanica extract effectively prevent the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of UVB radiation in keratinocytes, thereby stabilizing the natural metabolism of skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tiago Conde
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-069 Bialystok, Poland
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Hoşnut FÖ, Janecke AR, Şahin G, Vogel GF, Lafcı NG, Bichler P, Müller T, Huber LA, Valovka T, Aksu AÜ. SLC5A1 Variants in Turkish Patients with Congenital Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1359. [PMID: 37510265 PMCID: PMC10379334 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in SLC5A1 encoding the apical sodium/glucose cotransporter SGLT1. We present clinical and molecular data from eleven affected individuals with congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption from four unrelated, consanguineous Turkish families. Early recognition and timely management by eliminating glucose and galactose from the diet are fundamental for affected individuals to survive and develop normally. We identified novel SLC5A1 missense variants, p.Gly43Arg and p.Ala92Val, which were linked to disease in two families. Stable expression in CaCo-2 cells showed that the p.Ala92Val variant did not reach the plasma membrane, but was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. The p.Gly43Arg variant, however, displayed processing and plasma membrane localization comparable to wild-type SGLT1. Glycine-43 displays nearly invariant conservation in the relevant structural family of cotransporters and exchangers, and localizes to SGLT1 transmembrane domain TM0. p.Gly43Arg represents the first disease-associated variant in TM0; however, the role of TM0 in the SGLT1 function has not been established. In summary, we are expanding the mutational spectrum of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Ö. Hoşnut
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Andreas R. Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gülseren Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Georg F. Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Naz G. Lafcı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06080 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paul Bichler
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (T.V.)
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aysel Ü. Aksu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ankara Bilkent Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
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Liu Y, Meng C, Li Y, Xia D, Lu C, Lai J, Zhang Y, Cao K, Gao X, Yuan Q. Peptide-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Efficiently Ameliorate Acute Contact Dermatitis and Psoriasis via Repressing the TNF-α/NF-κB/IL-17A Axis in Keratinocytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:662. [PMID: 36839031 PMCID: PMC9963485 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated skin diseases have a high prevalence and seriously affect patients' quality of life. Gold compounds have been considered promising therapeutic agents in dermatology, but the high incidence of adverse reactions have limited their clinical application. There is a great need to develop more effective and less toxic gold-based drugs. Gold nanoclusters fabricated by using peptides (pep-AuNCs) have appeared as potential biomedical nanomaterials because of their excellent biocompatibility, ease of fabrication and unique physicochemical properties. Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous tripeptide and has been used for lightening the skin color. Therefore, we fabricated a well-defined gold nanocluster with GSH as an example to explore the immunomodulatory effect of AuNCs on a TNF-α-treated human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in vitro, the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) model and the oxazolone (OXA)-induced psoriatic model in vivo. The results indicated that topically applied AuNCs successfully attenuated the severity of ICD and psoriasis-like lesions. In vitro and in vivo, AuNCs effectively inhibited the abnormal activation of the NF-κB pathway and the consequent overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. In particular, the transactivation of IL-17A, the most important cytokine in psoriasis pathology, was effectively inhibited by AuNCs treatment. In addition, AuNCs did not show any obvious cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells at doses even up to 100 µM and did not induce any irritation in the healthy skin and major organs, which indicated their favorable biosafety. These results indicate that biocompatible pep-AuNCs might be a promising gold-based nanomedicine for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Cong Meng
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanggege Li
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dongfang Xia
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Cao Lu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Comparison of Growth and Chemical Profile of Diatom Skeletonema grevillei in Bioreactor and Incubation-Shaking Cabinet in Two Growth Phases. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20110697. [PMID: 36355020 PMCID: PMC9695663 DOI: 10.3390/md20110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae, diatoms, are considered a source of a wide range of high-value compounds, and numerous studies indicate their biotechnological potential in the food and feed industry, cosmetic industry, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, biodiesel production, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the growth, chemical profiles, and antioxidant activity of the diatom Skeletonema grevillei cultivated in a bioreactor and an incubation-shaking cabinet at different growth phases (after 192 and 312 h). Growth was monitored by evaluating cell density with the Sedgewick Rafter chamber, and the collected biomass was extracted with 70% ethanol assisted by ultrasound. Extracts were evaporated to dryness and compounds were identified in derivatized form by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and ORAC. Significantly faster growth was observed in the bioreactor than in the incubation-shaking cabinet. Oleamide, palmitelaidic acid, glycerol monostearate, myristic acid, cholesterol, eicosapentaenoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, and 24-methylene cholesterol were identified as the major compounds in both systems. Among them, oleamide was the dominant compound in both systems. It is also shown that prolonging the cultivation period had a direct effect on increasing the extract yield. The highest DPPH inhibition (11.4 ± 1%) and ORAC values (93.3 ± 8.4 mM TE) were obtained for the S. grevillei extract recovered from the bioreactor after 312 h. The obtained results contribute to the possibility of using S. grevillei for various biotechnological applications in the future.
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