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Zaninetti C, Rivera J, Vater L, Ohlenforst S, Leinøe E, Böckelmann D, Freson K, Thiele T, Makhloufi H, Rath M, Eberl W, Wolff M, Freyer C, Wesche J, Zieger B, Felbor U, Heidel FH, Greinacher A. Aggregates of nonmuscular myosin IIA in erythrocytes associate with GATA1- and GFI1B-related thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1179-1186. [PMID: 38103735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor GATA1 is an essential regulator of erythroid cell gene expression and maturation and is also relevant for platelet biogenesis. GATA1-related thrombocytopenia (GATA1-RT) is a rare X-linked inherited platelet disorder (IPD) characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and dyserythropoiesis. Enlarged platelet size, reduced platelet granularity, and noticeable red blood cell anisopoikilocytosis are characteristic but unspecific morphological findings in GATA1-RT. OBJECTIVES To expand the investigation of platelet phenotype of patients with GATA1-RT by light- and immunofluorescence microscopy on a blood smear. METHODS We assessed blood smears by light- and immunofluorescence microscopy after May-Grünwald Giemsa staining using a set of 13 primary antibodies against markers belonging to different platelet structures. Antibody binding was visualized by fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies. RESULTS We investigated 12 individuals with genetically confirmed GATA1-RT from 8 unrelated families. While confirming the already known characteristic of platelet morphology (platelet macrocytosis and reduced expression of markers for α-granules), we also found aggregates of nonmuscular myosin heavy chain II A (NMMIIA) in the erythrocytes in all individuals (1-3 aggregates/cell, 1-3 μm diameter). By systematically reanalyzing blood smears from a cohort of patients with 19 different forms of IPD, we found similar NMMIIA aggregates in the red blood cells only in subjects with GFI1B-related thrombocytopenia (GFI1B-RT), the other major IPD featured by dyserythropoiesis. CONCLUSION Aggregates of NMMIIA in the erythrocytes associate with GATA1-RT and GFI1B-RT and can facilitate their diagnosis on blood smears. This previously unreported finding might represent a novel marker of dyserythropoiesis assessable in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Zaninetti
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. https://twitter.com/ZaninettiCarlo
| | - Jose' Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Pascual Parrilla, Centro de Investigation Biomedica En Red Enfermedades Raras - Institutio de salut Carlos III, Grupo Español de Alteraciones Plaquetarias Congénitas - Sociedad Espanola de Thrombosis Y Hemostasia Coordinator, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leonard Vater
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Ohlenforst
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Leinøe
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Doris Böckelmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholeike Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Houssain Makhloufi
- Transfusionsmedizin Hämostaseologie, Medizinisches Versorungszentrum Düsseldorf-Centrum, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Rath
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medicine Greifswald and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eberl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martina Wolff
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carmen Freyer
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Wesche
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Felbor
- Transfusionsmedizin Hämostaseologie, Medizinisches Versorungszentrum Düsseldorf-Centrum, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian H Heidel
- Innere Medicine C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Ding B, Mao Y, Li Y, Xin M, Jiang S, Hu X, Xu Q, Ding Q, Wang X. A novel GATA1 variant p.G229D causing the defect of procoagulant platelet formation. Thromb Res 2024; 234:39-50. [PMID: 38159323 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA1 is one of the master transcription factors in hematopoietic lineages development which is crucial for megakaryocytic differentiation and maturation. Previous studies have shown that distinct GATA1 variants are associated with varying severities of macrothrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To determine the underlying pathological mechanisms of a novel GATA1 variant (c. 686G > A, p. G229D) in a patient with recurrent traumatic muscle hematomas. METHODS Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of the patient platelets was performed. Procoagulant platelet formation and function were detected using flow cytometry assay and thrombin generation test (TGT), respectively. The ANO6 expression was measured by qPCR and western blot. The intracellular supramaximal calcium flux was detected by Fluo-5N fluorescent assay. RESULTS The patient displayed mild macrothrombocytopenia with defects of platelet granules, aggregation, and integrin αIIbβ3 activation. The percentage of the procoagulant platelet formation of the patient upon the stimulation of thrombin plus collagen was lower than that of the healthy controls (40.9 % vs 49.0 % ± 5.1 %). The patient platelets exhibited a marked reduction of thrombin generation in platelet rich plasma TGT compared to the healthy controls (peak value: ∼70 % of the healthy controls; the endogenous thrombin potential: ∼40 % of the healthy controls). The expression of ANO6 and intracellular calcium flux were impaired, which together with abnormal granules of the patient platelets might contribute to defect of procoagulant platelet function. CONCLUSIONS The G229D variant could lead to a novel platelet phenotype characterized by defective procoagulant platelet formation and function, which extended the range of GATA1 variants associated platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinqi Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiulan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Takasaki K, Chou ST. GATA1 in Normal and Pathologic Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:261-287. [PMID: 39017848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
GATA1 is a highly conserved hematopoietic transcription factor (TF), essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, that encodes a full-length, predominant isoform and an amino (N) terminus-truncated isoform GATA1s. It is consistently expressed throughout megakaryocyte development and interacts with its target genes either independently or in association with binding partners such as FOG1 (friend of GATA1). While the N-terminus and zinc finger have classically been demonstrated to be necessary for the normal regulation of platelet-specific genes, murine models, cell-line studies, and human case reports indicate that the carboxy-terminal activation domain and zinc finger also play key roles in precisely controlling megakaryocyte growth, proliferation, and maturation. Murine models have shown that disruptions to GATA1 increase the proliferation of immature megakaryocytes with abnormal architecture and impaired terminal differentiation into platelets. In humans, germline GATA1 mutations result in variable cytopenias, including macrothrombocytopenia with abnormal platelet aggregation and excessive bleeding tendencies, while acquired GATA1s mutations in individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) result in transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) arising from a megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP). Taken together, GATA1 plays a key role in regulating megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, and proliferative capacity. As sequencing and proteomic technologies expand, additional GATA1 mutations and regulatory mechanisms contributing to human diseases of megakaryocytes and platelets are likely to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Takasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Martin-Rufino JD, Castano N, Pang M, Grody EI, Joubran S, Caulier A, Wahlster L, Li T, Qiu X, Riera-Escandell AM, Newby GA, Al'Khafaji A, Chaudhary S, Black S, Weng C, Munson G, Liu DR, Wlodarski MW, Sims K, Oakley JH, Fasano RM, Xavier RJ, Lander ES, Klein DE, Sankaran VG. Massively parallel base editing to map variant effects in human hematopoiesis. Cell 2023; 186:2456-2474.e24. [PMID: 37137305 PMCID: PMC10225359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Systematic evaluation of the impact of genetic variants is critical for the study and treatment of human physiology and disease. While specific mutations can be introduced by genome engineering, we still lack scalable approaches that are applicable to the important setting of primary cells, such as blood and immune cells. Here, we describe the development of massively parallel base-editing screens in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Such approaches enable functional screens for variant effects across any hematopoietic differentiation state. Moreover, they allow for rich phenotyping through single-cell RNA sequencing readouts and separately for characterization of editing outcomes through pooled single-cell genotyping. We efficiently design improved leukemia immunotherapy approaches, comprehensively identify non-coding variants modulating fetal hemoglobin expression, define mechanisms regulating hematopoietic differentiation, and probe the pathogenicity of uncharacterized disease-associated variants. These strategies will advance effective and high-throughput variant-to-function mapping in human hematopoiesis to identify the causes of diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D Martin-Rufino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; PhD Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole Castano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael Pang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Samantha Joubran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexis Caulier
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lara Wahlster
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tongqing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Gregory A Newby
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aziz Al'Khafaji
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Susan Black
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chen Weng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Glen Munson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marcin W Wlodarski
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kacie Sims
- St. Jude Affiliate Clinic at Our Lady of the Lake Children's Health, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA
| | - Jamie H Oakley
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ross M Fasano
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daryl E Klein
- Department of Pharmacology and Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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5
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Zieger B, Boeckelmann D. Inherited Platelet Disorders: A Short Introduction. Hamostaseologie 2023; 43:52-59. [PMID: 36807820 DOI: 10.1055/a-1987-3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important role regarding coagulation by contributing to thrombus formation by platelet adhesion, aggregation, and α-/δ-granule secretion. Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a very heterogeneous group of disorders that are phenotypically and biochemically diverse. Platelet dysfunction (thrombocytopathy) can be accompanied by a reduction in the number of thrombocytes (thrombocytopenia). The extent of the bleeding tendency can vary greatly. Symptoms comprise mucocutaneous bleeding (petechiae, gastrointestinal bleeding and/or menorrhagia, epistaxis) and increased hematoma tendency. Life-threatening bleeding can occur after trauma or surgery. In the last years, next-generation sequencing had a great impact on unrevealing the underlying genetic cause of individual IPDs. Because IPDs are so diverse, a comprehensive analysis of platelet function and genetic testing is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zieger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Doris Boeckelmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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