1
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Palma C, Piazza S, Visone R, Ringom R, Björklund U, Bermejo Gómez A, Rasponi M, Occhetta P. An Advanced Mechanically Active Osteoarthritis-on-Chip Model to Test Injectable Therapeutic Formulations: The SYN321 Case Study. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401187. [PMID: 39318108 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) often fail to address the underlying pathophysiology and may have systemic side effects, particularly associated with long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Thus, researchers are currently directing their efforts toward innovative polymer-drug combinations, such as mixtures of hyaluronic acid viscoelastic hydrogels and NSAIDs like diclofenac, to ensure sustained release of the NSAID within the joint following intra-articular injection. However, the progress of novel injectable therapies for OA is hindered by the absence of preclinical models that accurately represent the pathology of the disease. The uBeat® MultiCompress platform is here presented as a novel approach for studying anti-OA injectable therapeutics on human mechanically-damaged OA cartilage microtissues, in a physiologically relevant environment. This platform can accommodate injectable therapeutic formulations and is successfully tested with SYN321, a novel diclofenac-sodium hyaluronate conjugate under development as a treatment for knee OA. Results indicate the platform's effectiveness in evaluating therapeutic potential, showing downregulation of inflammatory markers and reduction in matrix degradation in OA cartilage micro-tissues treated with SYN321. The uBeat® MultiCompress platform thus represents a valuable tool for OA research, offering a bridge between traditional in vitro studies and potential clinical applications, with implications for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Palma
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Piazza
- BiomimX Srl, Viale Decumano 41, MIND - Milano Innovation District, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Roberta Visone
- BiomimX Srl, Viale Decumano 41, MIND - Milano Innovation District, Milan, 20157, Italy
| | - Rune Ringom
- Recipharm OT Chemistry AB, Virdings allé 18, Uppsala, 754 50, Sweden
| | - Ulf Björklund
- UB-consulting AB, Trädgårdsgatan 7A, Uppsala, 753 09, Sweden
| | | | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Occhetta
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 34/5, Milan, 20133, Italy
- BiomimX Srl, Viale Decumano 41, MIND - Milano Innovation District, Milan, 20157, Italy
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2
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Sengprasert P, Waitayangkoon P, Kamenkit O, Sawatpanich A, Chaichana T, Wongphoom J, Ngarmukos S, Taweevisit M, Lotinun S, Tumwasorn S, Tanavalee A, Reantragoon R. Catabolic mediators from TLR2-mediated proteoglycan aggrecan peptide-stimulated chondrocytes are reduced by Lactobacillus-conditioned media. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18043. [PMID: 39103466 PMCID: PMC11300663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), extracellular matrix (ECM) digestion by cartilage-degrading enzymes drives cartilage destruction and generates ECM fragments, such as proteoglycan aggrecan (PG) peptides. PG peptides have been shown to induce immunological functions of chondrocytes. However, the role of PG peptides in stimulating catabolic mediators from chondrocytes has not been investigated. Therefore, we aim to determine the effects and its mechanism by which PG peptides induce chondrocytes to produce catabolic mediators in OA. Human chondrocytes were stimulated with IFNγ and various PG peptides either (i) with or (ii) without TLR2 blockade or (iii) with Lactobacillus species-conditioned medium (LCM), a genus of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties. Transcriptomic analysis, cartilage-degrading enzyme production and TLR2-intracellular signaling activation were investigated. Chondrocytes treated with PG peptides p16-31 and p263-280 increased expression levels of genes associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage degradation and proteolytic enzyme production. TLR2 downstream signaling proteins (STAT3, IkBα and MAPK9) were significantly phosphorylated in p263-280 peptide-stimulated chondrocytes. MMP-1 and ADAMTS-4 were significantly reduced in p263-280 peptides-treated condition with TLR2 blockade or LCM treatment. Phosphorylation levels of IkBa, ERK1/2 and MAPK9 were significantly decreased with TLR2 blockade, but only phosphorylation levels of MAPK9 was significantly decreased with LCM treatment. Our study showed that PG peptide stimulation via TLR2 induced cartilage-degrading enzyme production via activation of MAPK, NFκB and STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjana Sengprasert
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Palapun Waitayangkoon
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ousakorn Kamenkit
- Medical Microbiology Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajcharaporn Sawatpanich
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thiamjit Chaichana
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Wongphoom
- Department of Pathology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srihatach Ngarmukos
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biologics for Knee Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mana Taweevisit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutada Lotinun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somying Tumwasorn
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aree Tanavalee
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biologics for Knee Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rangsima Reantragoon
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Skeletal Disorders and Enzyme Reaction Mechanism, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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3
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Liu Y, Jia F, Li K, Liang C, Lin X, Geng W, Li Y. Critical signaling molecules in the temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis under different magnitudes of mechanical stimulation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419494. [PMID: 39055494 PMCID: PMC11269110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical stress environment in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is constantly changing due to daily mandibular movements. Therefore, TMJ tissues, such as condylar cartilage, the synovial membrane and discs, are influenced by different magnitudes of mechanical stimulation. Moderate mechanical stimulation is beneficial for maintaining homeostasis, whereas abnormal mechanical stimulation leads to degeneration and ultimately contributes to the development of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), which involves changes in critical signaling molecules. Under abnormal mechanical stimulation, compensatory molecules may prevent degenerative changes while decompensatory molecules aggravate. In this review, we summarize the critical signaling molecules that are stimulated by moderate or abnormal mechanical loading in TMJ tissues, mainly in condylar cartilage. Furthermore, we classify abnormal mechanical stimulation-induced molecules into compensatory or decompensatory molecules. Our aim is to understand the pathophysiological mechanism of TMJ dysfunction more deeply in the ever-changing mechanical environment, and then provide new ideas for discovering effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets in TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Geng
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxi Li
- Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Dönges L, Damle A, Mainardi A, Bock T, Schönenberger M, Martin I, Barbero A. Engineered human osteoarthritic cartilage organoids. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122549. [PMID: 38554643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The availability of human cell-based models capturing molecular processes of cartilage degeneration can facilitate development of disease-modifying therapies for osteoarthritis [1], a currently unmet clinical need. Here, by imposing specific inflammatory challenges upon mesenchymal stromal cells at a defined stage of chondrogenesis, we engineered a human organotypic model which recapitulates main OA pathological traits such as chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage matrix mineralization, enhanced catabolism and mechanical stiffening. To exemplify the utility of the model, we exposed the engineered OA cartilage organoids to factors known to attenuate pathological features, including IL-1Ra, and carried out mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We identified that IL-1Ra strongly reduced production of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [2] and demonstrated that inhibition of the C/EBPβ-activating kinases could revert the degradative processes. Human OA cartilage organoids thus represent a relevant tool towards the discovery of new molecular drivers of cartilage degeneration and the assessment of therapeutics targeting associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dönges
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Atharva Damle
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mainardi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Schönenberger
- Nano Imaging Lab, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Huang J, Ren Q, Jiao L, Niu S, Liu C, Zhou J, Wu L, Yang Y. TMF suppresses chondrocyte hypertrophy in osteoarthritic cartilage by mediating the FOXO3a/BMPER pathway. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:283. [PMID: 38800044 PMCID: PMC11117099 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the joints, characterized by chronic inflammation, cartilage destruction and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Aberrant chondrocyte hypertrophy promotes cartilage destruction and OA development. Collagen X, the biomarker of chondrocyte hypertrophy, is upregulated by runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which is mediated by the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)/Smad1 signaling pathway. BMP binding endothelial regulator (BMPER), a secreted glycoprotein, acts as an agonist of BMP4. 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) is a natural flavonoid derived from Murraya exotica L. Results of our previous study demonstrated that TMF exhibits chondroprotective effects against OA development through the activation of Forkhead box protein O3a (FOXO3a) expression. However, whether TMF suppresses chondrocyte hypertrophy through activation of FOXO3a expression and inhibition of BMPER/BMP4/Smad1 signaling remains unknown. Results of the present study revealed that TMF inhibited collagen X and Runx2 expression, inhibited BMPER/BMP4/Smad1 signaling, and activated FOXO3a expression; thus, protecting against chondrocyte hypertrophy and OA development. However, BMPER overexpression and FOXO3a knockdown impacted the protective effects of TMF. Thus, TMF inhibited chondrocyte hypertrophy in OA cartilage through mediating the FOXO3a/BMPER signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
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6
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Wadhwa S, Skelton M, Fernandez E, Paek T, Levit M, Yin MT. Significance of radiographic temporomandibular degenerative joint disease findings. Semin Orthod 2024; 30:277-282. [PMID: 38983798 PMCID: PMC11230652 DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The field of orthodontics has seen a recent increase in the number of patients over the age of 50 seeking treatment and also an increase in the use of cone beam technology. Similar to other joints in the body, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is associated with age-related degeneration. However, unlike other joints, degeneration of the TMJ is rarely symptomatic and when there is pain, it is usually self-limiting. In this article, we will review: a) the incidence and prevalence of TMJ degenerative diseases, b) similarities and differences of TMJ vs knee degenerative diseases, and c) current treatment recommendations for TMJ degenerative diseases. In the vast majority of people, radiographic evidence of TMJ degeneration is an incidental finding. Future longitudinal research is needed to follow the natural course of TMJ degenerative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Wadhwa
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics, NYC, NY, USA 10032
| | - Michelle Skelton
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics, NYC, NY, USA 10032
| | - Emily Fernandez
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics, NYC, NY, USA 10032
| | - Taylor Paek
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics, NYC, NY, USA 10032
| | - Michael Levit
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics, NYC, NY, USA 10032
| | - Michael T Yin
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Division of Infectious Diseases, NYC, NY, USA 10032
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7
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Lu M, Zhu M, Wu Z, Liu W, Cao C, Shi J. The role of YAP/TAZ on joint and arthritis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23636. [PMID: 38752683 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common forms of arthritis with undefined etiology and pathogenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which act as sensors for cellular mechanical and inflammatory cues, have been identified as crucial players in the regulation of joint homeostasis. Current studies also reveal a significant association between YAP/TAZ and the pathogenesis of OA and RA. The objective of this review is to elucidate the impact of YAP/TAZ on different joint tissues and to provide inspiration for further studying the potential therapeutic implications of YAP/TAZ on arthritis. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochran Library, and Embase, were searched for all available studies during the past two decades, with keywords "YAP," "TAZ," "OA," and "RA."
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuping Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuwen Cao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Majumder N, Seit S, Bhabesh NS, Ghosh S. An Advanced Bioconjugation Strategy for Covalent Tethering of TGFβ3 with Silk Fibroin Matrices and its Implications in the Chondrogenesis Profile of Human BMSCs and Human Chondrocytes: A Paradigm Shift in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303513. [PMID: 38291832 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β class of cytokines plays a significant role in articular cartilage formation from mesenchymal condensation to chondrogenic differentiation. However, their exogenous addition to the chondrogenic media makes the protocol expensive. It reduces the bioavailability of the cytokine to the cells owing to their burst release. The present study demonstrates an advanced bioconjugation strategy to conjugate transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) with silk fibroin matrix covalently via a cyanuric chloride coupling reaction. The tethering and change in secondary conformation are confirmed using various spectroscopic analyses. To assess the functionality of the chemically modified silk matrix, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and chondrocytes are cultured for 28 days in a chondrogenic differentiation medium. Gene expression and histological analysis reveal enhanced expression of chondrogenic markers with intense Safranin-O and Alcian Blue staining in TGFβ3 conjugated silk matrices than where TGFβ3 is exogenously added to the media for both hBMSCs and chondrocytes. Therefore, this study successfully recapitulates the native niche of TGFβ3 and the role of the silk as a growth factor stabilizer. When cultured over TGFβ3 conjugated silk matrices, hBMSCs display increased proteoglycan secretion and maximum chondrogenic trait with attenuation of chondrocyte hypertrophy over human chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Majumder
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sinchan Seit
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhabesh
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Transcription Regulation group, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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9
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Majumder N, Roy C, Doenges L, Martin I, Barbero A, Ghosh S. Covalent Conjugation of Small Molecule Inhibitors and Growth Factors to a Silk Fibroin-Derived Bioink to Develop Phenotypically Stable 3D Bioprinted Cartilage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9925-9943. [PMID: 38362893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Implantation of a phenotypically stable cartilage graft could represent a viable approach for repairing osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage lesions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of modulating the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling cascades in human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC)-encapsulated silk fibroin gelatin (SF-G) bioink. The selected small molecules LDN193189, TGFβ3, and IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) are covalently conjugated to SF-G biomaterial to ensure sustained release, increased bioavailability, and printability, confirmed by ATR-FTIR, release kinetics, and rheological analyses. The 3D bioprinted constructs with chondrogenically differentiated hBMSCs were incubated in an OA-inducing medium for 14 days and assessed through a detailed qPCR, immunofluorescence, and biochemical analyses. Despite substantial heterogeneity in the observations among the donors, the IL1Ra molecule illustrated the maximum efficiency in enhancing the expression of articular cartilage components, reducing the expression of hypertrophic markers (re-validated by the GeneMANIA tool), as well as reducing the production of inflammatory molecules by the hBMSCs. Therefore, this study demonstrated a novel strategy to develop a chemically decorated, printable and biomimetic SF-G bioink to produce hyaline cartilage grafts resistant to acquiring OA traits that can be used for the treatment of degenerated cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Majumder
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Chandrashish Roy
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Laura Doenges
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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Majumder N, Roy S, Sharma A, Arora S, Vaishya R, Bandyopadhyay A, Ghosh S. Assessing the advantages of 3D bioprinting and 3D spheroids in deciphering the osteoarthritis healing mechanism using human chondrocytes and polarized macrophages. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025005. [PMID: 38198731 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad1d18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The molecular niche of an osteoarthritic microenvironment comprises the native chondrocytes, the circulatory immune cells, and their respective inflammatory mediators. Although M2 macrophages infiltrate the joint tissue during osteoarthritis (OA) to initiate cartilage repair, the mechanistic crosstalk that dwells underneath is still unknown. Our study established a co-culture system of human OA chondrocytes and M2 macrophages in 3D spheroids and 3D bioprinted silk-gelatin constructs. It is already well established that Silk fibroin-gelatin bioink supports chondrogenic differentiation due to upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Additionally, the presence of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages significantly upregulated the expression of chondrogenic biomarkers (COL-II, ACAN) with an attenuated expression of the chondrocyte hypertrophy (COL-X), chondrocyte dedifferentiation (COL-I) and matrix catabolism (MMP-1 and MMP-13) genes even in the absence of the interleukins. Furthermore, the 3D bioprinted co-culture model displayed an upper hand in stimulating cartilage regeneration and OA inhibition than the spheroid model, underlining the role of silk fibroin-gelatin in encouraging chondrogenesis. Additionally, the 3D bioprinted silk-gelatin constructs further supported the maintenance of stable anti-inflammatory phenotype of M2 macrophage. Thus, the direct interaction between the primary OAC and M2 macrophages in the 3D context, along with the release of the soluble anti-inflammatory factors by the M2 cells, significantly contributed to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for immune cell-mediated OA healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Majumder
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aarushi Sharma
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shuchi Arora
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Raju Vaishya
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals Delhi, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
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11
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Naselli F, Bellavia D, Costa V, De Luca A, Raimondi L, Giavaresi G, Caradonna F. Osteoarthritis in the Elderly Population: Preclinical Evidence of Nutrigenomic Activities of Flavonoids. Nutrients 2023; 16:112. [PMID: 38201942 PMCID: PMC10780745 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is age-related and progressive. It causes the destruction of articular cartilage and underlying bone, often aggravated by inflammatory processes and oxidative stresses. This pathology impairs the quality of life of the elderly, causing pain, reduced mobility, and functional disabilities, especially in obese patients. Phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities may be used for long-term treatment of OA, either in combination with current anti-inflammatories and painkillers, or as an alternative to other products such as glucosamine and chondroitin, which improve cartilage structure and elasticity. The current systematic review provides a comprehensive understanding of the use of flavonoids. It highlights chondrocyte, cartilage, and subchondral bone activities, with a particular focus on their nutrigenomic effects. The molecular mechanisms of these molecules demonstrate how they can be used for the prevention and treatment of OA in the elderly population. However, clinical trials are still needed for effective use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Naselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (F.N.); (F.C.)
| | - Daniele Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche—SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy (A.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Viviana Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche—SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy (A.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche—SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy (A.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche—SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy (A.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche—SS Piattaforma Scienze Omiche per Ortopedia Personalizzata, 40136 Bologna, Italy (A.D.L.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Caradonna
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Section of Cellular Biology, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (F.N.); (F.C.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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12
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Jha SK, Kumar B, Paudel KR, Bandyopadhyay A. The application of bioglass to treat osteoarthritis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1232-1234. [PMID: 38234972 PMCID: PMC10792177 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Horváth E, Sólyom Á, Székely J, Nagy EE, Popoviciu H. Inflammatory and Metabolic Signaling Interfaces of the Hypertrophic and Senescent Chondrocyte Phenotypes Associated with Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16468. [PMID: 38003658 PMCID: PMC10671750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease of whole joints with progressive cartilage matrix degradation and chondrocyte transformation. The inflammatory features of OA are reflected in increased synovial levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and VEGF, higher levels of TLR-4 binding plasma proteins and increased expression of IL-15, IL-18, IL-10 and Cox2, in cartilage. Chondrocytes in OA undergo hypertrophic and senescent transition; in these states, the expression of Sox-9, Acan and Col2a1 is suppressed, whereas the expression of RunX2, HIF-2α and MMP-13 is significantly increased. NF-kB, which triggers many pro-inflammatory cytokines, works with BMP, Wnt and HIF-2α to link hypertrophy and inflammation. Altered carbohydrate metabolism and the upregulation of GLUT-1 contribute to the formation of end-glycation products that trigger inflammation via the RAGE pathway. In addition, a glycolytic shift, increased rates of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction generate reactive oxygen species with deleterious effects. An important surveyor mechanism, the YAP/TAZ signaling system, controls chondrocyte differentiation, inhibits ageing by protecting the nuclear envelope and suppressing NF-kB, MMP-13 and aggrecanases. The inflammatory microenvironment and synthesis of key matrix components are also controlled by SIRT1 and mTORc. Senescent chondrocytes represent the functional end stage of hypertrophic differentiation and characteristically upregulate p16 and p21, but also a variety of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and metalloproteinases, developing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senolysis with dendrobin, miR29b-5p and other agents has been shown to be efficient under experimental conditions, and appears to be a promising tool for the treatment of OA, as it restores COL2A1 and aggrecan synthesis, suppressing NF-kB and destructive metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emőke Horváth
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Pathology Service, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Árpád Sólyom
- Department of Orthopedics-Traumatology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Street, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - János Székely
- Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Előd Ernő Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 6 Bernády György Square, 540394 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Horațiu Popoviciu
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
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14
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Hamilton M, Wang J, Dhar P, Stehno-Bittel L. Controlled-Release Hydrogel Microspheres to Deliver Multipotent Stem Cells for Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1315. [PMID: 38002439 PMCID: PMC10669156 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease affecting articular cartilage and peri-articular tissues. Traditional treatments are insufficient, as they are aimed at mitigating symptoms. Multipotent Stromal Cell (MSC) therapy has been proposed as a treatment capable of both preventing cartilage destruction and treating symptoms. While many studies have investigated MSCs for treating OA, therapeutic success is often inconsistent due to low MSC viability and retention in the joint. To address this, biomaterial-assisted delivery is of interest, particularly hydrogel microspheres, which can be easily injected into the joint. Microspheres composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) were created as MSC delivery vehicles. Microrheology measurements indicated that the microspheres had structural integrity alongside sufficient permeability. Additionally, encapsulated MSC viability was found to be above 70% over one week in culture. Gene expression analysis of MSC-identifying markers showed no change in CD29 levels, increased expression of CD44, and decreased expression of CD90 after one week of encapsulation. Analysis of chondrogenic markers showed increased expressions of aggrecan (ACAN) and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), and decreased expression of osteogenic markers, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALPL). In vivo analysis revealed that HA microspheres remained in the joint for up to 6 weeks. Rats that had undergone destabilization of the medial meniscus and had overt OA were treated with empty HA microspheres, MSC-laden microspheres, MSCs alone, or a control vehicle. Pain measurements taken before and after the treatment illustrated temporarily decreased pain in groups treated with encapsulated cells. Finally, the histopathological scoring of each group illustrated significantly less OA damage in those treated with encapsulated cells compared to controls. Overall, these studies demonstrate the potential of using HA-based hydrogel microspheres to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hamilton
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
- Likarda, Kansas City, MO 64137, USA;
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Likarda, Kansas City, MO 64137, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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15
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Riegger J, Schoppa A, Ruths L, Haffner-Luntzer M, Ignatius A. Oxidative stress as a key modulator of cell fate decision in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: a narrative review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:76. [PMID: 37777764 PMCID: PMC10541721 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging and after traumatic injuries, cartilage and bone cells are exposed to various pathophysiologic mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage-associated molecular patterns, and proinflammatory cytokines. This detrimental environment triggers cellular stress and subsequent dysfunction, which not only contributes to the development of associated diseases, that is, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, but also impairs regenerative processes. To counter ROS-mediated stress and reduce the overall tissue damage, cells possess diverse defense mechanisms. However, cellular antioxidative capacities are limited and thus ROS accumulation can lead to aberrant cell fate decisions, which have adverse effects on cartilage and bone homeostasis. In this narrative review, we address oxidative stress as a major driver of pathophysiologic processes in cartilage and bone, including senescence, misdirected differentiation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitophagy by illustrating the consequences on tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Moreover, we elaborate cellular defense mechanisms, with a particular focus on oxidative stress response and mitophagy, and briefly discuss respective therapeutic strategies to improve cell and tissue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leonie Ruths
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhou H. Biomimetic Hydrogel Applications and Challenges in Bone, Cartilage, and Nerve Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2405. [PMID: 37896165 PMCID: PMC10609742 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is a highly sought-after field for researchers aiming to compensate and repair defective tissues. However, the design and development of suitable scaffold materials with bioactivity for application in tissue repair and regeneration has been a great challenge. In recent years, biomimetic hydrogels have shown great possibilities for use in tissue engineering, where they can tune mechanical properties and biological properties through functional chemical modifications. Also, biomimetic hydrogels provide three-dimensional (3D) network spatial structures that can imitate normal tissue microenvironments and integrate cells, scaffolds, and bioactive substances for tissue repair and regeneration. Despite the growing interest in various hydrogels for biomedical use in previous decades, there are still many aspects of biomimetic hydrogels that need to be understood for biomedical and clinical trial applications. This review systematically describes the preparation of biomimetic hydrogels and their characteristics, and it details the use of biomimetic hydrogels in bone, cartilage, and nerve tissue repair. In addition, this review outlines the application of biomimetic hydrogels in bone, cartilage, and neural tissues regarding drug delivery. In particular, the advantages and shortcomings of biomimetic hydrogels in biomaterial tissue engineering are highlighted, and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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17
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Cong B, Sun T, Zhao Y, Chen M. Current and Novel Therapeutics for Articular Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:485-502. [PMID: 37360195 PMCID: PMC10290456 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s410277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair is a sophisticated process that has is being recently investigated. There are several different approaches that are currently reported to promote cartilage repair, like cell-based therapies, biologics, and physical therapy. Cell-based therapies involve the using stem cells or chondrocytes, which make up cartilage, to promote the growth of new cartilage. Biologics, like growth factors, are also being applied to enhance cartilage repair. Physical therapy, like exercise and weight-bearing activities, can also be used to promote cartilage repair by inducing new cartilage growth and improving joint function. Additionally, surgical options like osteochondral autograft, autologous chondrocyte implantation, microfracture, and others are also reported for cartilage regeneration. In the current literature review, we aim to provide an up-to-date discussion about these approaches and discuss the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Repair and Reconstruction of Bone & Joint, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Gasparella M, Cenzi C, Piccione M, Madia VN, Di Santo R, Tudino V, Artico M, Taurone S, De Ponte C, Costi R, Di Liddo R. Effects of Modified Glucosamine on the Chondrogenic Potential of Circulating Stem Cells under Experimental Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10397. [PMID: 37373540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) constituent in connective tissues. It is naturally produced by our body or consumed from diets. In the last decade, in vitro and in vivo trials have demonstrated that the administration of GlcN or its derivates has a protective effect on cartilage when the balance between catabolic and anabolic processes is disrupted and cells are no longer able to fully compensate for the loss of collagen and proteoglycans. To date, these benefits are still controversial because the mechanism of action of GlcN is not yet well clarified. In this study, we have characterized the biological activities of an amino acid (AA) derivate of GlcN, called DCF001, in the growth and chondrogenic induction of circulating multipotent stem cells (CMCs) after priming with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), a pleiotropic cytokine commonly expressed in chronic inflammatory joint diseases. In the present work, stem cells were isolated from the human peripheral blood of healthy donors. After priming with TNFα (10 ng/mL) for 3 h, cultures were treated for 24 h with DCF001 (1 μg/mL) dissolved in a proliferative (PM) or chondrogenic (CM) medium. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a Corning® Cell Counter and trypan blue exclusion technique. To evaluate the potentialities of DCF001 in counteracting the inflammatory response to TNFα, we measured the amount of extracellular ATP (eATP) and the expression of adenosine-generating enzymes CD39/CD73, TNFα receptors, and NF-κB inhibitor IκBα using flow cytometry. Finally, total RNA was extracted to perform a gene expression study of some chondrogenic differentiation markers (COL2A1, RUNX2, and MMP13). Our analysis has shed light on the ability of DCF001 to (a) regulate the expression of CD39, CD73, and TNF receptors; (b) modulate eATP under differentiative induction; (c) enhance the inhibitory activity of IκBα, reducing its phosphorylation after TNFα stimulation; and (d) preserve the chondrogenic potentialities of stem cells. Although preliminary, these results suggest that DCF001 could be a valuable supplement for ameliorating the outcome of cartilage repair interventions, enhancing the efficacy of endogenous stem cells under inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gasparella
- Local Health Unit Treviso, Department of Pediatric Surgery, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Carola Cenzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tudino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences-Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Ponte
- Department of Sensory Organs, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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