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Ullah A, Shehzadi S, Ullah N, Nawaz T, Iqbal H, Aziz T. Hypoxia A Typical Target in Human Lung Cancer Therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:376-385. [PMID: 38031268 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037252820231114045234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Comprehensive knowledge of the cellular and molecular etiology of LC is perilous for the development of active treatment approaches. Hypoxia in cancer is linked with malignancy, and its phenotype is implicated in the hypoxic reaction, which is being studied as a prospective cancer treatment target. The hypervascularization of the tumor is the main feature of human LC, and hypoxia is a major stimulator of neo-angiogenesis. It was seen that low oxygen levels in human LC are a critical aspect of this lethal illness. However, as there is a considerable body of literature espousing the presumed functional relevance of hypoxia in LC, the direct measurement of oxygen concentration in Human LC is yet to be determined. This narrative review aims to show the importance and as a future target for novel research studies that can lead to the perception of LC therapy in hypoxic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Somia Shehzadi
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, PR, China
| | - Touseef Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, 29050, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Iqbal
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310024, China
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2
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Beckers C, Pruschy M, Vetrugno I. Tumor hypoxia and radiotherapy: A major driver of resistance even for novel radiotherapy modalities. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:19-30. [PMID: 38040401 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in solid tumors is an important predictor of poor clinical outcome to radiotherapy. Both physicochemical and biological processes contribute to a reduced sensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells to ionizing radiation and hypoxia-related treatment resistances. A conventional low-dose fractionated radiotherapy regimen exploits iterative reoxygenation in between the individual fractions, nevertheless tumor hypoxia still remains a major hurdle for successful treatment outcome. The technological advances achieved in image guidance and highly conformal dose delivery make it nowadays possible to prescribe larger doses to the tumor as part of single high-dose or hypofractionated radiotherapy, while keeping an acceptable level of normal tissue complication in the co-irradiated organs at risk. However, we insufficiently understand the impact of tumor hypoxia to single high-doses of RT and hypofractionated RT. So-called FLASH radiotherapy, which delivers ionizing radiation at ultrahigh dose rates (> 40 Gy/sec), has recently emerged as an important breakthrough in the radiotherapy field to reduce normal tissue toxicity compared to irradiation at conventional dose rates (few Gy/min). Not surprisingly, oxygen consumption and tumor hypoxia also seem to play an intriguing role for FLASH radiotherapy. Here we will discuss the role of tumor hypoxia for radiotherapy in general and in the context of novel radiotherapy treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beckers
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Irene Vetrugno
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Zhang Z, Peng Y, Peng X, Xiao D, Shi Y, Tao Y. Effects of radiation therapy on tumor microenvironment: an updated review. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2802-2811. [PMID: 37442768 PMCID: PMC10686612 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cancer is a major threat to human health and causes death worldwide. Research on the role of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of cancer is progressing; however, RT not only causes fatal DNA damage to tumor cells, but also affects the interactions between tumor cells and different components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, extracellular matrix, and some soluble products. Some cancer cells can survive radiation and have shown strong resistance to radiation through interaction with the TME. Currently, the complex relationships between the tumor cells and cellular components that play major roles in various TMEs are poorly understood. This review explores the relationship between RT and cell-cell communication in the TME from the perspective of immunity and hypoxia and aims to identify new RT biomarkers and treatment methods in lung cancer to improve the current status of unstable RT effect and provide a theoretical basis for further lung cancer RT sensitization research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yuanhao Peng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ying Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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4
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Jachowski A, Marcinkowski M, Szydłowski J, Grabarczyk O, Nogaj Z, Marcin Ł, Pławski A, Jagodziński PP, Słowikowski BK. Modern therapies of nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:695-711. [PMID: 37698765 PMCID: PMC10632224 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC), particularly nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasia worldwide, regardless of gender, with the highest mortality rates in oncology. Over the years, treatment for NSCLC has evolved from conventional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy to more tailored and minimally invasive approaches. The use of personalised therapies has increased the expected efficacy of treatment while simultaneously reducing the frequency of severe adverse effects (AEs). In this review, we discuss established modern approaches, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, as well as experimental molecular methods like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and nanoparticles. These emerging methods offer promising outcomes and shorten the recovery time for various patients. Recent advances in the diagnostic field, including imaging and genetic profiling, have enabled the implementation of these methods. The versatility of these modern therapies allows for multiple treatment options, such as single-agent use, combination with existing conventional treatments, or incorporation into new regimens. As a result, patients can survive even in the advanced stages of NSCLC, leading to increased survival indicators such as overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Jachowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Marcinkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Szydłowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Oskar Grabarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nogaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łaz Marcin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32 Street, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kazimierz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Street, 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
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HIF1α and HIF2α regulate non-small-cell lung cancer dedifferentiation via expression of Sox2 and Oct4 under hypoxic conditions. Gene 2023; 863:147288. [PMID: 36804853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore HIF1α and HIF2α regulate the dedifferentiation of lung cancer cells under hypoxic conditions through Sox2 and Oct4. MATERIALS AND METHODS HIF1α, HIF2α, Sox2 and Oct4 expression was analysed in lung cancer tissues. We analysed sphere formation by single-cell of differentiated lung cancer under hypoxia, and detected the expression of CD133, CD44, Sox2, Oct4, HIF1α and HIF2α. We knocked out HIF1α, HIF2α, Sox2 or Oct4 in cells, cultured the cells under hypoxic conditions and detected CD133 and CD44 using western blotting. We also detected the apoptosis rate of cells with HIF1α, HIF2α, Sox2 or Oct4 knockout. RESULTS There was more sphere formation of differentiated lung cancer cells under hypoxic conditions than of control cells under normoxic conditions. These newly formed spheres highly expressed CD133 and CD44. TCGA database showed high expression of HIF1α and HIF2α in lung cancer tissues. After knocking out HIF1α and HIF2α, the expression of Sox2, Oct4, CD133 and CD44 decreased significantly, and after knocking out Sox2 or Oct4, the expression of CD133 and CD44 decreased. CONCLUSION HIF1α and HIF2α regulate non-small-cell lung cancer dedifferentiation through Sox2 and Oct4 under hypoxic conditions.
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Consonni FM, Durante B, Manfredi M, Bleve A, Pandolfo C, Garlatti V, Vanella VV, Marengo E, Barberis E, Bottazzi B, Bombace S, My I, Condorelli G, Torri V, Sica A. Immunometabolic interference between cancer and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168455. [PMID: 37063865 PMCID: PMC10090695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though cancer patients are generally considered more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the mechanisms driving their predisposition to severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not yet been deciphered. Since metabolic disorders are associated with homeostatic frailty, which increases the risk of infection and cancer, we asked whether we could identify immunometabolic pathways intersecting with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thanks to a combined flow cytometry and multiomics approach, here we show that the immunometabolic traits of COVID-19 cancer patients encompass alterations in the frequency and activation status of circulating myeloid and lymphoid subsets, and that these changes are associated with i) depletion of tryptophan and its related neuromediator tryptamine, ii) accumulation of immunosuppressive tryptophan metabolites (i.e., kynurenines), and iii) low nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) availability. This metabolic imbalance is accompanied by altered expression of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with a distinctive downregulation of IL-6 and upregulation of IFNγ mRNA expression levels. Altogether, our findings indicate that cancer not only attenuates the inflammatory state in COVID-19 patients but also contributes to weakening their precarious metabolic state by interfering with NAD+-dependent immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maria Consonni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Durante
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Augusto Bleve
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pandolfo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Garlatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Vita Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Bombace
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria My
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Novara, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Sica,
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7
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Steinberger KJ, Eubank TD. The Underexplored Landscape of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2 Alpha and Potential Roles in Tumor Macrophages: A Review. OXYGEN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:45-76. [PMID: 37124241 PMCID: PMC10137047 DOI: 10.3390/oxygen3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Low tissue oxygenation, termed hypoxia, is a characteristic of solid tumors with negative consequences. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in hypoxic tumor regions and correlate with worse outcomes in cancer patients across several tumor types. Thus, the molecular mechanism in which macrophages respond to low oxygen tension has been increasingly investigated in the last decade. Hypoxia stabilizes a group of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) reported to drive transcriptional programs involved in cell survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Though both tumor macrophage HIF-1α and HIF-2α correlate with unfavorable tumor microenvironments, most research focuses on HIF-1α as the master regulator of hypoxia signaling, because HIF-1α expression was originally identified in several cancer types and correlates with worse outcome in cancer patients. The relative contribution of each HIFα subunit to cell phenotypes is poorly understood especially in TAMs. Once thought to have overlapping roles, recent investigation of macrophage HIF-2α has demonstrated a diverse function from HIF-1α. Little work has been published on the differential role of hypoxia-dependent macrophage HIF-2α when compared to HIF-1α in the context of tumor biology. This review highlights cellular HIF-2α functions and emphasizes the gap in research investigating oxygen-dependent functions of tumor macrophage HIF-2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J. Steinberger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Correspondence: (K.J.S.); (T.D.E.)
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Correspondence: (K.J.S.); (T.D.E.)
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Zhou T, Zhang LY, He JZ, Miao ZM, Li YY, Zhang YM, Liu ZW, Zhang SZ, Chen Y, Zhou GC, Liu YQ. Review: Mechanisms and perspective treatment of radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133899. [PMID: 36865554 PMCID: PMC9971010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the major treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The radioresistance and toxicity are the main obstacles that leading to therapeutic failure and poor prognosis. Oncogenic mutation, cancer stem cells (CSCs), tumor hypoxia, DNA damage repair, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor microenvironment (TME) may dominate the occurrence of radioresistance at different stages of radiotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are combined with radiotherapy to treat NSCLC to improve the efficacy. This article reviews the potential mechanism of radioresistance in NSCLC, and discusses the current drug research to overcome radioresistance and the advantages of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in improving the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Experimental & Training Teaching Centers, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zheng He
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Miao
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shang-Zu Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gu-Cheng Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong-Qi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and University, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation at Provincial and Ministerial Level, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yong-Qi Liu,
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9
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Li J, Chen X, Ren L, Chen X, Wu T, Wang Y, Ren X, Cheng B, Xia J. Type H vessel/platelet-derived growth factor receptor β + perivascular cell disintegration is involved in vascular injury and bone loss in radiation-induced bone damage. Cell Prolif 2023:e13406. [PMID: 36694343 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapse of the microvascular system is a prerequisite for radiation-induced bone loss. Since type H vessels, a specific bone vessel subtype surrounded by platelet-derived growth factor receptor β+ (PDGFRβ+ ) perivascular cells (PVCs), has been recently identified to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis, we hypothesize that type H vessel injury initiates PDGFRβ+ PVC dysfunction, which contributes to the abnormal angiogenesis and osteogenesis after irradiation. In this study, we found that radiation led to the decrease of both type H endothelial cell (EC) and PDGFRβ+ PVC numbers. Remarkably, results from lineage tracing showed that PDGFRβ+ PVCs detached from microvessels and converted the lineage commitment from osteoblasts to adipocytes, leading to vascular injury and bone loss after irradiation. These phenotype transitions above were further verified to be associated with the decrease in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling between type H ECs and PDGFRβ+ PVCs. Pharmacological blockade of HIF-1α/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling induced a phenotype similar to radiation-induced bone damage, while the rescue of this signalling significantly alleviated radiation-induced bone injury. Our findings show that the decrease in HIF-1α/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling between type H ECs and PDGFRβ+ PVCs after irradiation affects the homeostasis of EC-PVC coupling and plays a part in vascular damage and bone loss, which has broad implications for effective translational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyue Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Yoon M, Lee HK, Park EY, Kim JH, Lee JH, Kim YS, Kim HJ, Kim H, Yoo CW, Lee S, Hong EK, Kim TH, Kim TS, Seo SS, Kang S, Chang SJ, Shin HJ, Uong TNT, Lee S, Kim JY. Randomized multicenter phase II trial of prophylactic irradiation of para-aortic lymph nodes in advanced cervical cancer according to tumor hypoxia: Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG 07-01) study. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2182-2194. [PMID: 35751421 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective phase II study on whether extended-field irradiation (EFI) confers survival benefits depending on hypoxic markers in locally advanced uterine cervical cancer (LAUCC). RNA-seq was performed to identify immune and hypoxic gene signatures. A total of 288 patients were randomized to either EFI or pelvic radiotherapy (PRT). All patients completed chemoradiotherapy. Overall, significantly higher 5-year para-aortic recurrence free survival (PARFS) rate occurred in EFI (97.6%) than in PRT group (87.2%), with marginal tendency to improve disease-free survival (DFS; 78% vs 70%, P = .066). Subgroup analyses were performed based on carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9)-only positive, CA9/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) double positive and CA9 negative. In the CA9-only positive, EFI successfully increased 5-year PARFS (100% vs 76.4%, P = .010), resulting in significantly improved long-term DFS (85.7% vs 54.7%, P = .023) compared to the PRT, while there was no such benefit of EFI in the CA9/HIFs double positive. RNA-seq analysis identified distinct immunehigh subgroup with negative correlation with hypoxia gene signatures (R = -.37, P < .01), which showed a higher 5-year DFS than the immunelow (P = .032). Hypoxia-related genes were upregulated in the CA9/HIFs double positive compared to CA9 negative (P < .05). Only 17.4% of patients in CA9-negative group showed immunelow signatures, while 40.0% of patients in the double-positive group exhibited immunelow signatures. In conclusion, EFI improved PARFS significantly in all patients, but therapeutic efficacy of EFI in terms of improved DFS was solely observed in CA9-only positive LAUCC, and not in CA9/HIFs double-positive subgroup. RNA-seq analysis suggested that hypoxia-induced immunosuppression may be related to treatment resistance in LAUCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hunjung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University, School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chong Woo Yoo
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Hong
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Seo
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sokbom Kang
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Suk-Joon Chang
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shin
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Kim
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
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11
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Chen H, Guan X, Liu Q, Yang L, Guo J, Gao F, Qi Y, Wu X, Zhang F, Tian X. Co-assembled Nanocarriers of De Novo Thiol-Activated Hydrogen Sulfide Donors with an RGDFF Pentapeptide for Targeted Therapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53475-53490. [PMID: 36413755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide releasing agents (or H2S donors) have been recognized gasotransmitters with potent cytoprotective and anticancer properties. However, the clinical application of H2S donors has been hampered by their fast H2S-release, instability, and lack of tumor targeting, despite the unclear molecular mechanism of H2S action. Here we rationally designed an amphiphilic pentapeptide (RGDFF) to coassemble with the de novo designed thiol-activated H2S donors (CL2/3) into nanocarriers for targeted therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer, which has been proved as a one-stone-three-birds strategy. The coassembly approach simply solved the solubility issue of CL2/3 by the introduction of electron-donating groups (phenyl rings) to slow down the H2S release while dramatically improving their biocompatible interface, circulation time, slow release of H2S, and tumor targeting. Experimental results confirmed that as-prepared coassembled nanocarriers can significantly induce the intrinsic apoptotic, effectively arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase, inhibit H2S-producing enzymes, and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing intracellular ROS production in H1299 cells. The mouse tumorigenesis experiments further confirmed the in vivo anticancer effects of the coassembled nanocarriers, and such treatment made tumors more sensitive to radiotherapy then improved the prognosis of tumor-bearing mice, which holds great promise for developing a new combined approach for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xiaoying Guan
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- The Emergency Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Longcui Yang
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yueheng Qi
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xiongting Wu
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiumei Tian
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
- The Emergency Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, China
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12
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The Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Isoforms in Breast Cancer and Perspectives on Their Inhibition in Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184518. [PMID: 36139678 PMCID: PMC9496909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In many types of cancers, the activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors enhances hallmarks such as suppression of the immune response, altered metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and more. As a result of observing these features, HIFs became attractive targets in designing anticancer therapy. The lack of effective breast treatment based on HIFs inhibitors and the elusive role of those factors in this type of cancer raises the concern wheter targeting hypoxia-inducible factors is the right path. Results of the study on breast cancer cell lines suggest the need to consider aspects like HIF-1α versus HIF-2α isoforms inhibition, double versus singular isoform inhibition, different hormone receptors status, metastases, and perhaps different not yet investigated issues. In other words, targeting hypoxia-inducible factors in breast cancers should be preceded by a better understanding of their role in this type of cancer. The aim of this paper is to review the role, functions, and perspectives on hypoxia-inducible factors inhibition in breast cancer. Abstract Hypoxia is a common feature associated with many types of cancer. The activity of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the critical element of response and adaptation to hypoxia, enhances cancer hallmarks such as suppression of the immune response, altered metabolism, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and more. The HIF-1α and HIF-2α isoforms show similar regulation characteristics, although they are active in different types of hypoxia and can show different or even opposite effects. Breast cancers present several unique ways of non-canonical hypoxia-inducible factors activity induction, not limited to the hypoxia itself. This review summarizes different effects of HIFs activation in breast cancer, where areas such as metabolism, evasion of the immune response, cell survival and death, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cells, and hormone receptors status have been covered. The differences between HIF-1α and HIF-2α activity and their impacts are given special attention. The paper also discusses perspectives on using hypoxia-inducible factors as targets in anticancer therapy, given current knowledge acquired in molecular studies.
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Dysregulation of EZH2/miR-138-5p Axis Contributes to Radiosensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell by Downregulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF-1α). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7608712. [PMID: 36071871 PMCID: PMC9444475 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7608712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase involved in cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role and molecular mechanisms of EZH2 in HCC radiosensitivity remain unclear. Here, we show that EZH2 is upregulated in HCC cells and the aberrantly overexpressed EZH2 is associated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Using miRNA databases, we identified miR-138-5p as a regulator of EZH2. We also found that miR-138-5p was suppressed by EZH2-induced H3K27me3 in HCC cell lines. MiR-138-5p overexpression and EZH2 knockdown enhanced cellular radiosensitivity while inhibiting cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Analysis of RNA-seq datasets revealed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway was the main enrichment pathway for differential genes after miR-138-5p overexpression or EZH2 knockdown. Expression level of HIF-1α was significantly suppressed after miR-138-5p overexpression or silencing of EZH2. HIF-1α silencing mitigated resistance of HCC cells and inhibited EMT. This study establishes the EZH2/miR-138-5p/HIF-1α as a potential therapeutic target for sensitizing HCC to radiotherapy.
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14
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Hill RM, Rocha S, Parsons JL. Overcoming the Impact of Hypoxia in Driving Radiotherapy Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4130. [PMID: 36077667 PMCID: PMC9454974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is very common in most solid tumours and is a driving force for malignant progression as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance. Incidences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have increased in the last decade and radiotherapy is a major therapeutic technique utilised in the treatment of the tumours. However, effectiveness of radiotherapy is hindered by resistance mechanisms and most notably by hypoxia, leading to poor patient prognosis of HNSCC patients. The phenomenon of hypoxia-induced radioresistance was identified nearly half a century ago, yet despite this, little progress has been made in overcoming the physical lack of oxygen. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia and the underpinning radiobiological response of tumours to this phenotype is much needed. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of how hypoxia alters molecular and cellular processes contributing to radioresistance, particularly in the context of HNSCC, and what strategies have and could be explored to overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna M. Hill
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jason L. Parsons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Clatterbridge Road, Bebington CH63 4JY, UK
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15
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Identification of Novel Regulators of Radiosensitivity Using High-Throughput Genetic Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158774. [PMID: 35955908 PMCID: PMC9369104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological impact of ionizing radiation (IR) on humans depends not only on the physical properties and absorbed dose of radiation but also on the unique susceptibility of the exposed individual. A critical target of IR is DNA, and the DNA damage response is a safeguard mechanism for maintaining genomic integrity in response to the induced cellular stress. Unrepaired DNA lesions lead to various mutations, contributing to adverse health effects. Cellular sensitivity to IR is highly correlated with the ability of cells to repair DNA lesions, in particular coding sequences of genes that affect that process and of others that contribute to preserving genomic integrity. However, accurate profiling of the molecular events underlying individual sensitivity requires techniques with sensitive readouts. Here we summarize recent studies that have used whole-genome analysis and identified genes that impact individual radiosensitivity. Whereas microarray and RNA-seq provide a snapshot of the transcriptome, RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9 techniques are powerful tools that enable modulation of gene expression and characterizing the function of specific genes involved in radiosensitivity or radioresistance. Notably, CRISPR-Cas9 has altered the landscape of genome-editing technology with its increased readiness, precision, and sensitivity. Identifying critical regulators of cellular radiosensitivity would help tailor regimens that enhance the efficacy of therapeutic treatments and fast-track prediction of clinical outcomes. It would also contribute to occupational protection based on average individual sensitivity, as well as the formulation of countermeasures to the harmful effects of radiation.
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16
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Fu Z, Yuan Y. The role of tumor neogenesis pipelines in tumor progression and their therapeutic potential. Cancer Med 2022; 12:1558-1571. [PMID: 35832030 PMCID: PMC9883577 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pipeline formation between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key event leading to tumor progression. These pipelines include blood vessels, lymphatics, and membranous vessels (the former two can be collectively referred to as vasculature). Pipeline regeneration is a feature of all solid tumors; it delivers nutrients to tumors and promotes tumor invasion and metastasis such that cancer cells grow rapidly, escape unfavorable TME, spread to secondary sites, generate tumor drug resistance, and promote postoperative tumor recurrence. Novel tumor therapy strategies must exploit the molecular mechanisms underpinning these pipelines to facilitate more targeted drug therapies. In this review, pipeline generation, influencing factors, pipeline functions during tumor progression, and pipeline potential as drug targets are systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Fu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education DepartmentThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning ProvinceThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education DepartmentThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning ProvinceThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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17
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HIF-1α Inhibition Improves Anti-Tumor Immunity and Promotes the Efficacy of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133273. [PMID: 35805044 PMCID: PMC9265101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), which irradiates tumors with high-dose radiation per fraction, promotes anti-tumor immunity by stimulating various immune processes. SABR also induces vascular damage and obstructs blood flow, thereby increasing tumor hypoxia and upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, master transcription factors for the cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1α and HIF-2α are key players in the upregulation of immune suppression in hypoxia. Therefore, the radiation-induced increase in anti-tumor immunity is masked by the HIF-mediated immune suppression. Pre-clinical experiments show that inhibition of HIF-1α effectively prevents immune suppression and improves anti-tumor immunity. A combination of HIF-1α inhibitors with immunotherapy with checkpoint blocking antibodies may represent a novel approach to boost anti-tumor immunity and enhance the efficacy of SABR. Abstract High-dose hypofractionated radiation such as SABR (stereotactic ablative radiotherapy) evokes an anti-tumor immune response by promoting a series of immune-stimulating processes, including the release of tumor-specific antigens from damaged tumor cells and the final effector phase of immune-mediated lysis of target tumor cells. High-dose hypofractionated radiation also causes vascular damage in tumors, thereby increasing tumor hypoxia and upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, the master transcription factors for the cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-1α and HIF-2α are critical factors in the upregulation of immune suppression and are the master regulators of immune evasion of tumors. Consequently, SABR-induced increase in anti-tumor immunity is counterbalanced by the increase in immune suppression mediated by HIFα. Inhibition of HIF-1α with small molecules such as metformin downregulates immunosuppressive pathways, including the expression of immune checkpoints, and it improves or restores the anti-tumor immunity stimulated by irradiation. Combinations of HIFα inhibitors, particularly HIF-1α inhibitors, with immune checkpoint blocking antibodies may represent a novel approach to boost the overall anti-tumor immune profile in patients and thus enhance outcomes after SABR.
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18
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The Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Ferula akitschkensis Volatile Oil on Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5092742. [PMID: 35392643 PMCID: PMC8983199 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferula akitschkensis volatile oil (FAVO) has a good inhibitory activity on gastric cancer cell proliferation, but the mechanism of action is not yet clear. In this study, we tested the antigastric cancer efficacy and mechanism of FAVO using both in vivo and in vitro models. The results showed that FAVO effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, the formation of small tubules of human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well as zebrafish intersegmental vessel and intestinal vein angiogenesis. In vivo experiments showed that FAVO significantly delayed the growth of SGC-7901 tumor-bearing nude mice and induced higher serum IL-2 and IFN-γ and reduced serum IL-6. Western blot results showed that FAVO reduced the expression of HIF-2α, VEGF, VEGFR2, P-VEGFR2, Akt, and P-Akt in SGC-7901 cells with CoCl2 induced hypoxia. We further clarified the main chemical components of FAVO through GC-MS analysis. In summary, FAVO may inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis via inhibiting the HIF-2α/VEGF signaling pathway.
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19
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Bouleftour W, Rowinski E, Louati S, Sotton S, Wozny AS, Moreno-Acosta P, Mery B, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Magne N. A Review of the Role of Hypoxia in Radioresistance in Cancer Therapy. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e934116. [PMID: 34728593 PMCID: PMC8573967 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia involves neoplastic cells. Unlike normal tissue, solid tumors are composed of aberrant vasculature, leading to a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia is also known to be involved in both metastasis initiation and therapy resistance. Radiotherapy is the appropriate treatment in about half of all cancers, but loco-regional control failure and a disease recurrence often occur due to clinical radioresistance. Hypoxia induces radioresistance through a number of molecular pathways, and numerous strategies have been developed to overcome this. Nevertheless, these strategies have resulted in disappointing results, including adverse effects and limited efficacy. Additional clinical studies are needed to achieve a better understanding of the complex hypoxia pathways. This review presents an update on the mechanisms of hypoxia in radioresistance in solid tumors and the potential therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Bouleftour
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Elise Rowinski
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Safa Louati
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Sotton
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pablo Moreno-Acosta
- Research Group in Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Benoite Mery
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Magne
- Radiotherapy Department, Lucien Neuwirth Cancerology Institute, Saint Priest en Jarez, France.,Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine-Lyon-Sud, Oullins, France.,Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 5822, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IPNL, Villeurbanne, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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20
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Yun BD, Son SW, Choi SY, Kuh HJ, Oh TJ, Park JK. Anti-Cancer Activity of Phytochemicals Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189819. [PMID: 34575983 PMCID: PMC8467787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is overexpressed in cancer, leading to a poor prognosis in patients. Diverse cellular factors are able to regulate HIF-1α expression in hypoxia and even in non-hypoxic conditions, affecting its progression and malignant characteristics by regulating the expression of the HIF-1α target genes that are involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, metabolism, therapeutic resistance, et cetera. Numerous studies have exhibited the anti-cancer effect of HIF-1α inhibition itself and the augmentation of anti-cancer treatment efficacy by interfering with HIF-1α-mediated signaling. The anti-cancer effect of plant-derived phytochemicals has been evaluated, and they have been found to possess significant therapeutic potentials against numerous cancer types. A better understanding of phytochemicals is indispensable for establishing advanced strategies for cancer therapy. This article reviews the anti-cancer effect of phytochemicals in connection with HIF-1α regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Da Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Seung Wan Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Korea;
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2114
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21
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Jiang C, Li X, Sun L, Wang G, Fu X. Radiosensitivity-Specific Proteomic and Signaling Pathway Network of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:529-541. [PMID: 34506873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An unmet clinical need in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management is the accurate prediction of radiation response in patients receiving radical radiation therapy. We explored the intrinsic radiosensitivity of NSCLC from the proteomic profiles of NSCLC cell lines and paraffin-embedded human samples. METHODS AND MATERIALS To uncover radiosensitivity-specific proteomic and signaling pathways, we performed quantitative proteomics by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry assay on 29 human NSCLC cell lines and 13 paraffin-embedded human NSCLC samples. We validated closely interacting radioresistant proteins by western blotting, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in NSCLC cell lines, and immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded human samples. We validated the functions of 3 key hub proteins by lentivirus transfection, clonogenic survival assay, and flow cytometry. RESULTS The proteomic profiling of NSCLC showed that the intrinsic radiosensitivity of NSCLC is mainly modulated by signaling pathways of proteoglycans in cancer, focal adhesion, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. We identified 71 differentially expressed proteins and validated 8 closely interacting proteins as radioresistant proteins of NSCLC. Moreover, we also validated the functionality of integrin-linked protein kinase, p21-activated kinase 1, and Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 in the radiation response of NSCLC cell lines. Finally, with the NSCLC radiosensitivity-specific proteins, we delineated the atlas network of NSCLC radiosensitivity-related signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Radiosensitivity-specific proteins could guide individualized radiation therapy in clinical practice by predicting the radiation response of patients with NSCLC. Moreover, the NSCLC radiosensitivity-related signaling pathway atlas could guide further exploration of the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Linying Sun
- Institution of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangzhong Wang
- Institution of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Xiong L, Tan B, Lei X, Zhang B, Li W, Liu D, Xia T. SIRT6 through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to enhance radiosensitivity of non-Small cell lung cancer and inhibit tumor progression. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1092-1102. [PMID: 34033225 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect and mechanism of SIRT6 on radiosensitivity and tumor progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expressions of SIRT6 in tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues and NSCLC cell lines of patients with advanced NSCLC before and after radiotherapy. After overexpression or interference with SIRT6 expression in NSCLC cells, the cells were routinely cultured or transfected for 48 h followed by 4 Gy radiation for 24 h. Then, check the cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle by MTT, wound healing assay and flow cytometry, while detect the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins by Western blot. In addition, the effect of SIRT6 expression on NSCLC tumor growth was analyzed by xenograft tumor assay. SIRT6 showed a low expression in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines, while SIRT6 was significantly increased in NSCLC tissues after radiation treatment. Overexpression of SIRT6 in A549 and NCI-H23 cells inhibited cell proliferation viability, migration ability and promoted apoptosis. By comparison, after radiation treatment, NSCLC cells with high SIRT6 expression had lower ability of proliferation and migration and higher apoptosis rate. Overexpression of SIRT6 evidently down-regulated the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC cells before and after radiation. In addition, H2009 cells exhibited opposite cellular functions after interference with SIRT6 expression. In vivo experiments showed that overexpression of SIRT6 promoted the inhibitory effect of radiation on the growth of NSCLC xenograft tumors in nude mice. SIRT6 can promote the radiosensitivity of NSCLC and inhibit the development of tumor by down-regulating the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianggeng Xiong
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Binxin Tan
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiubing Lei
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Daimei Liu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China
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Zhang L, Ke J, Min S, Wu N, Liu F, Qu Z, Li W, Wang H, Qian Z, Wang X. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Represses the Warburg Effect and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hypoxic NSCLC Cells via the HIF-1α/PFKP Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:691762. [PMID: 34367973 PMCID: PMC8335162 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.691762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells initiate hypoxia-induced mechanisms to fuel cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, largely mediated by low O2-responsive Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF-1α). Therefore, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is now being studied in cancer patients, but its impact upon non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell metabolism remains uncharacterized. METHODS We employed the NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1299 for in vitro studies. Glucose uptake, pyruvate, lactate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays were used to assess aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). A quantitative glycolytic flux model was used to analyze the flux contributions of HIF-1α-induced glucose metabolism genes. We used a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) murine model to measure lung tumorigenesis in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS HBO suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression and downstream HIF-1α signaling in NSCLC cells. One HIF-1α-induced glucose metabolism gene-Phosphofructokinase, Platelet (PFKP)-most profoundly enhanced glycolytic flux under both low- and high-glucose conditions. HBO suppressed hypoxia-induced PFKP transactivation and gene expression via HIF-1α downregulation. HBO's suppression of the Warburg effect, suppression of hyperproliferation, and suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hypoxic NSCLC cell lines is mediated by the HIF-1α/PFKP axis. In vivo, HBO therapy inhibited murine LLC lung tumor growth in a Pfkp-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS HBO's repression of the Warburg effect, repression of hyperproliferation, and repression of EMT in hypoxic NSCLC cells is dependent upon HIF-1α downregulation. HIF-1α's target gene PFKP functions as a central mediator of HBO's effects in hypoxic NSCLC cells and may represent a metabolic vulnerability in NSCLC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Zhang
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingjing Ke
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shengping Min
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Hypoxia in Lung Cancer Management: A Translational Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143421. [PMID: 34298636 PMCID: PMC8307602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia is a common feature of lung cancers. Nonetheless, no guidelines have been established to integrate hypoxia-associated biomarkers in patient management. Here, we discuss the current knowledge and provide translational novel considerations regarding its clinical detection and targeting to improve the outcome of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma of all stages. Abstract Lung cancer represents the first cause of death by cancer worldwide and remains a challenging public health issue. Hypoxia, as a relevant biomarker, has raised high expectations for clinical practice. Here, we review clinical and pathological features related to hypoxic lung tumours. Secondly, we expound on the main current techniques to evaluate hypoxic status in NSCLC focusing on positive emission tomography. We present existing alternative experimental approaches such as the examination of circulating markers and highlight the interest in non-invasive markers. Finally, we evaluate the relevance of investigating hypoxia in lung cancer management as a companion biomarker at various lung cancer stages. Hypoxia could support the identification of patients with higher risks of NSCLC. Moreover, the presence of hypoxia in treated tumours could help clinicians predict a worse prognosis for patients with resected NSCLC and may help identify patients who would benefit potentially from adjuvant therapies. Globally, the large quantity of translational data incites experimental and clinical studies to implement the characterisation of hypoxia in clinical NSCLC management.
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25
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Zhu Z, Zheng Z, Liu J. Comparison of COVID-19 and Lung Cancer via Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708263. [PMID: 34277453 PMCID: PMC8283805 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 and lung cancer are two severe pulmonary diseases that cause millions of deaths globally each year. Understanding the dysregulated signaling pathways between them can benefit treating the related patients. Recent studies suggest the critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both diseases, indicating an interplay between them. Here we reviewed references showing that ROS and ROS-associated signaling pathways, specifically via NRF2, HIF-1, and Nf-κB pathways, may bridge mutual impact between COVID-19 and lung cancer. As expected, typical ROS-associated inflammation pathways (HIF-1 and Nf-κB) are activated in both diseases. The activation of both pathways in immune cells leads to an overloading immune response and exacerbates inflammation in COVID-19. In lung cancer, HIF-1 activation facilitates immune escape, while Nf-κB activation in T cells suppresses tumor growth. However, the altered NRF2 pathway show opposite trends between them, NRF2 pathways exert immunosuppressive effects in both diseases, as it represses the immune response in COVID-19 patients while facilitates the immune escape of tumor cells. Furthermore, we summarized the therapeutic targets (e.g., phytochemicals) on these ROS pathways. In sum, our review focus on the understanding of ROS Signaling in COVID-19 and lung cancer, showing that modulating ROS signaling pathways may alleviate the potentially mutual impacts between COVID-19 and lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Ziyi Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
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26
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Hypoxia-Driven Effects in Cancer: Characterization, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030678. [PMID: 33808542 PMCID: PMC8003323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature of solid tumors, greatly hinders the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments such as chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The depletion of oxygen in proliferating and advanced tumors causes an array of genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic adaptations that promote survival, metastasis, and a clinically malignant phenotype. At the nexus of these interconnected pathways are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) which orchestrate transcriptional responses under hypoxia. The following review summarizes current literature regarding effects of hypoxia on DNA repair, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the cancer stem cell phenotype, and therapy resistance. We also discuss mechanisms and pathways, such as HIF signaling, mitochondrial dynamics, exosomes, and the unfolded protein response, that contribute to hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes. Finally, novel therapeutics that target the hypoxic tumor microenvironment or interfere with hypoxia-induced pathways are reviewed.
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27
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Küper A, Baumann J, Göpelt K, Baumann M, Sänger C, Metzen E, Kranz P, Brockmeier U. Overcoming hypoxia-induced resistance of pancreatic and lung tumor cells by disrupting the PERK-NRF2-HIF-axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:82. [PMID: 33441543 PMCID: PMC7806930 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced resistance of tumor cells to therapeutic treatment is an unresolved limitation due to poor vascular accessibility and protective cell adaptations provided by a network, including PERK, NRF2, and HIF signaling. All three pathways have been shown to influence each other, but a detailed picture remains elusive. To explore this crosstalk in the context of tumor therapy, we generated human cancer cell lines of pancreatic and lung origin carrying an inducible shRNA against NRF2 and PERK. We report that PERK-related phosphorylation of NRF2 is only critical in Keap1 wildtype cells to escape its degradation, but shows no direct effect on nuclear import or transcriptional activity of NRF2. We could further show that NRF2 is paramount for proliferation, ROS elimination, and radioprotection under constant hypoxia (1% O2), but is dispensable under normoxic conditions or after reoxygenation. Depletion of NRF2 does not affect apoptosis, cell cycle progression and proliferation factors AKT and c-Myc, but eliminates cellular HIF-1α signaling. Co-IP experiments revealed a protein interaction between NRF2 and HIF-1α and strongly suggest NRF2 as one of the cellular key factor for the HIF pathway. Together these data provide new insights on the complex role of the PERK-NRF2-HIF-axis for cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Küper
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Baumann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Göpelt
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Baumann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Sänger
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Eric Metzen
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Philip Kranz
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Brockmeier
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Ziółkowska-Suchanek I. Mimicking Tumor Hypoxia in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Employing Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010141. [PMID: 33445709 PMCID: PMC7828188 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most common microenvironment feature of lung cancer tumors, which affects cancer progression, metastasis and metabolism. Oxygen induces both proteomic and genomic changes within tumor cells, which cause many alternations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review defines current knowledge in the field of tumor hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including biology, biomarkers, in vitro and in vivo studies and also hypoxia imaging and detection. While classic two-dimensional (2D) in vitro research models reveal some hypoxia dependent manifestations, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models more accurately replicate the hypoxic TME. In this study, a systematic review of the current NSCLC 3D models that have been able to mimic the hypoxic TME is presented. The multicellular tumor spheroid, organoids, scaffolds, microfluidic devices and 3D bioprinting currently being utilized in NSCLC hypoxia studies are reviewed. Additionally, the utilization of 3D in vitro models for exploring biological and therapeutic parameters in the future is described.
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29
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Tao SL, Wang XM, Feng YG, Kang PM, Li QY, Sun TY, Tan QY, Deng B. Is the presence of lung injury in COVID-19 an independent risk factor for secondary lung cancer? Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110074. [PMID: 32645661 PMCID: PMC7333600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are increasing. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV-2, leading to subsequent pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with chronic inflammatory changes, e.g., inflammatory factors repeatedly continuously stimulating and attacking the alveolar epithelial cells. Meanwhile, 2019-nCoV-2 can activate PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways, which can play the double roles as both anti-inflammatory and carcinogenic factors. Moreover, hypoxemia may be developed, resulting in the up-regulation of HIF-1 α expression, which can be involved in the occurrence, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer. Additionally, the immune system in 2019-nCoV-2 infected cases can be suppressed to cause tumor immune evasion. Therefore, we speculate that COVID-19 may be a risk factor of secondary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lin Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Corps Police Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400061, PR China
| | - Yong-Geng Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Po-Ming Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Qing-Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Qun-You Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
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Pignatta S, Cortesi M, Arienti C, Zanoni M, Cocchi C, Sarnelli A, Arpa D, Piccinini F, Tesei A. Effects of radiotherapy and short-term starvation combination on metastatic and non-tumor cell lines. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102949. [PMID: 32890865 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its discovery in the late 19th century, radiotherapy has been one of the most important medical treatments in oncology. Recently, fasting or short-term starvation (STS) in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy has been studied to determine its potential for enhancing the therapeutic index and for preventing side- effects, but no data are available in the radiotherapy setting. We thus decided to investigate the effects in vitro of STS in combination with radiotherapy in metastatic cancer cells and non-cancer cells. METHODS Cells were incubated in short-term starvation medium (STS medium, 0·5 g/L glucose + 1% FBS) or in control medium (CM medium, 1 g/L glucose + 10 % FBS) for 24 h and then treated with single high-dose radiation. A plexiglass custom-built phantom was used to irradiate cells. DNA damage was evaluated using alkaline comet assay and theCometAnalyser software. The cell surviving fraction was assessed by clonogenic assay. FINDING STS followed by single high-dose radiation significantly increased DNA damage in metastatic cancer cell lines but not in normal cells. Furthermore, STS reduced the surviving fraction of irradiated tumor cells, indicating a good radio-sensitizing effect on metastatic cell lines. This effect was not observed in non-tumor cells. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that STS may alter cellular processes, enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in metastatic cancer cellsin vitro. Interestingly, STS has radioprotective effect on the survival of healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pignatta
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Sarnelli
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Donatella Arpa
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
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31
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Hypoxia and HIF Signaling: One Axis with Divergent Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165611. [PMID: 32764403 PMCID: PMC7460602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct concentration of oxygen in all tissues is a hallmark of cellular wellness, and the negative regulation of oxygen homeostasis is able to affect the cells and tissues of the whole organism. The cellular response to hypoxia is characterized by the activation of multiple genes involved in many biological processes. Among them, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) represents the master regulator of the hypoxia response. The active heterodimeric complex HIF α/β, binding to hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs), determines the induction of at least 100 target genes to restore tissue homeostasis. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that hypoxia signaling can act by generating contrasting responses in cells and tissues. Here, this dual and controversial role of hypoxia and the HIF signaling pathway is discussed, with particular reference to the effects induced on the complex activities of the immune system and on mechanisms determining cell and tissue responses after an injury in both acute and chronic human diseases related to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney.
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32
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van Gisbergen MW, Offermans K, Voets AM, Lieuwes NG, Biemans R, Hoffmann RF, Dubois LJ, Lambin P. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced HIF-1α Stabilization and Expression of Its Downstream Targets. Front Oncol 2020; 10:770. [PMID: 32509579 PMCID: PMC7248342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA variations often result in bioenergetic dysfunction inducing a metabolic switch toward glycolysis resulting in an unbalanced pH homeostasis. In hypoxic cells, expression of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is enhanced to maintain cellular pH homeostasis. We hypothesized that cells with a dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation machinery display elevated CAIX expression levels. Increased glycolysis was observed for cytoplasmic 143B mutant hybrid (m.3243A>G, >94.5%) cells (p < 0.05) and 143B mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depleted cells (p < 0.05). Upon hypoxia (0.2%, 16 h), genetic or pharmacological oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition resulted in decreased CAIX (p < 0.05), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) levels could not explain these observations. In vivo, tumor take (>500 mm3) took longer for mutant hybrid xenografts, but growth rates were comparable with control tumors upon establishment. Previously, it has been shown that HIF-1α is responsible for tumor establishment. In agreement, we found that HIF-1α expression levels and the pimonidazole-positive hypoxic fraction were reduced for the mutant hybrid xenografts. Our results demonstrate that OXPHOS dysfunction leads to a decreased HIF-1α stabilization and subsequently to a reduced expression of its downstream targets and hypoxic fraction in vivo. In contrast, hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α) expression levels in these xenografts were enhanced. Inhibition of mitochondrial function is therefore an interesting approach to increase therapeutic efficacy in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - An M Voets
- Department of Clinical Genomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Natasja G Lieuwes
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Biemans
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Roland F Hoffmann
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Tirpe AA, Gulei D, Ciortea SM, Crivii C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Hypoxia: Overview on Hypoxia-Mediated Mechanisms with a Focus on the Role of HIF Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6140. [PMID: 31817513 PMCID: PMC6941045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia represents a frequent player in a number of malignancies, contributing to the development of the neoplastic disease. This review will discuss the means by which hypoxia powers the mechanisms behind cancer progression, with a majority of examples from lung cancer, the leading malignancy in terms of incidence and mortality rates (the frequent reference toward lung cancer is also for simplification purposes and follow up of the global mechanism in the context of a disease). The effects induced by low oxygen levels are orchestrated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) which regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in cancer progression. Hypoxia induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis through a complex machinery, by mediating various pathways such as TGF-β, PI3k/Akt, Wnt, and Jagged/Notch. Concomitantly, hypoxic environment has a vast implication in angiogenesis by stimulating vessel growth through the HIF-1α/VEGF axis. Low levels of oxygen can also promote the process through several other secondary factors, including ANGPT2, FGF, and HGF. Metabolic adaptations caused by hypoxia include the Warburg effect-a metabolic switch to glycolysis-and GLUT1 overexpression. The switch is achieved by directly increasing the expression of numerous glycolytic enzymes that are isoforms of those found in non-malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Andrei Tirpe
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.T.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Stefana Maria Ciortea
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.A.T.); (S.M.C.)
| | - Carmen Crivii
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Deficiency of 15-LOX-1 Induces Radioresistance through Downregulation of MacroH2A2 in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111776. [PMID: 31717983 PMCID: PMC6896202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of radiation therapy, there are few radiation-related markers available for use in clinical practice. A larger catalog of such biomarkers is required to help clinicians decide when radiotherapy should be replaced with a patient-specific treatment. Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX-1) enzyme is involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. When colorectal cancer (CRC) cells were exposed to radiation, 15-LOX-1 was upregulated. To verify whether 15-LOX-1 protects against or induces DNA damage, we irradiated sh15-LOX-1 stable cells. We found that low 15-LOX-1 is correlated with radioresistance in CRC cells. These data suggest that the presence of 15-LOX-1 can be used as a marker for radiation-induced DNA damage. Consistent with this observation, gene-set-enrichment analysis based on microarray experiments showed that UV_RESPONSE was decreased in sh15-LOX-1 cells compared to shCon cells. Moreover, we discovered that the expression of the histone H2A variant macroH2A2 was sevenfold lower in sh15-LOX-1 cells. Overall, our findings present mechanistic evidence that macroH2A2 is transcriptionally regulated by 15-LOX-1 and suppresses the DNA damage response in irradiated cells by delaying H2AX activation.
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