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Tan YJ, Jin Y, Zhou J, Yang YF. Lipid droplets in pathogen infection and host immunity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:449-464. [PMID: 37993536 PMCID: PMC10834987 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the hub of cellular lipid metabolism, lipid droplets (LDs) have been linked to a variety of biological processes. During pathogen infection, the biogenesis, composition, and functions of LDs are tightly regulated. The accumulation of LDs has been described as a hallmark of pathogen infection and is thought to be driven by pathogens for their own benefit. Recent studies have revealed that LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators contribute to effective immunological responses to pathogen infection by promoting host stress tolerance and reducing toxicity. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate roles of LDs in governing the replication and assembly of a wide spectrum of pathogens within host cells. We also discuss the regulatory function of LDs in host immunity and highlight the potential for targeting LDs for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yun-Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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2
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Ascari A, Frölich S, Zang M, Tran ENH, Wilson DW, Morona R, Eijkelkamp BA. Shigella flexneri remodeling and consumption of host lipids during infection. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0032023. [PMID: 37991380 PMCID: PMC10729657 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00320-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacterial pathogens have vastly distinct sites that they inhabit during infection. This requires adaptation due to changes in nutrient availability and antimicrobial stress. The bacterial surface is a primary barrier, and here, we show that the bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri increases its surface decorations when it transitions to an intracellular lifestyle. We also observed changes in bacterial and host cell fatty acid homeostasis. Specifically, intracellular S. flexneri increased the expression of their fatty acid degradation pathway, while the host cell lipid pool was significantly depleted. Importantly, bacterial proliferation could be inhibited by fatty acid supplementation of host cells, thereby providing novel insights into the possible link between human malnutrition and susceptibility to S. flexneri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ascari
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Molecular Sciences and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Frölich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maoge Zang
- Molecular Sciences and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elizabeth N. H. Tran
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danny W. Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Renato Morona
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bart A. Eijkelkamp
- Molecular Sciences and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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3
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Deng L, Kersten S, Stienstra R. Triacylglycerol uptake and handling by macrophages: From fatty acids to lipoproteins. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101250. [PMID: 37619883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential innate immune cells and form our first line of immune defense. Also known as professional phagocytes, macrophages interact and take up various particles, including lipids. Defective lipid handling can drive excessive lipid accumulation leading to foam cell formation, a key feature of various cardiometabolic conditions such as atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. At the same time, intracellular lipid storage and foam cell formation can also be viewed as a protective and anti-lipotoxic mechanism against a lipid-rich environment and associated elevated lipid uptake. Traditionally, foam cell formation has primarily been linked to cholesterol uptake via native and modified low-density lipoproteins. However, other lipids, including non-esterified fatty acids and triacylglycerol (TAG)-rich lipoproteins (very low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons), can also interact with macrophages. Recent studies have identified multiple pathways mediating TAG uptake and processing by macrophages, including endocytosis and receptor/transporter-mediated internalization and transport. This review will present the current knowledge of how macrophages take up different lipids and lipoprotein particles and address how TAG-rich lipoproteins are processed intracellularly. Understanding how macrophages take up and process different lipid species such as TAG is necessary to design future therapeutic interventions to correct excessive lipid accumulation and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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4
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Prado LG, Camara NOS, Barbosa AS. Cell lipid biology in infections: an overview. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1148383. [PMID: 37868347 PMCID: PMC10587689 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1148383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a big family of molecules with a vast number of functions in the cell membranes, within the cytoplasm, and extracellularly. Lipid droplets (LDs) are the most common storage organelles and are present in almost every tissue type in the body. They also have structural functions serving as building blocks of cellular membranes and may be precursors of other molecules such as hormones, and lipoproteins, and as messengers in signal transduction. Fatty acids (FAs), such as sterol esters and triacylglycerols, are stored in LDs and are used in β-oxidation as fuel for tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation. FA uptake and entrance in the cytoplasm are mediated by membrane receptors. After a cytoplasmic round of α- and β-oxidation, FAs are guided into the mitochondrial matrix by the L-carnitine shuttle system, where they are fully metabolized, and enter the TCA cycle. Pathogen infections may lead to impaired lipid metabolism, usage of membrane phospholipids, and LD accumulation in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Otherwise, bacterial pathogens may use lipid metabolism as a carbon source, thus altering the reactions and leading to cellular and organelles malfunctioning. This review aims to describe cellular lipid metabolism and alterations that occur upon infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Gavião Prado
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia de Transplantes, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Safi R, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bosch M, Demangel C, Parton RG, Pol A. Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:113-136. [PMID: 36960679 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Hüsler D, Stauffer P, Hilbi H. Tapping lipid droplets: A rich fat diet of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:194-209. [PMID: 37429596 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic and versatile organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. LDs consist of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, a phospholipid monolayer coat, and a variety of associated proteins. LDs are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum and have diverse roles in lipid storage, energy metabolism, membrane trafficking, and cellular signaling. In addition to their physiological cellular functions, LDs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer, and infections. A number of intracellular bacterial pathogens modulate and/or interact with LDs during host cell infection. Members of the genera Mycobacterium, Legionella, Coxiella, Chlamydia, and Salmonella exploit LDs as a source of intracellular nutrients and membrane components to establish their distinct intracellular replicative niches. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, interactions, and functions of LDs, as well as on their role in lipid metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Hüsler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Stauffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Hilbi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Nissa MU, Pinto N, Ghosh B, Singh U, Goswami M, Srivastava S. Proteomic analysis of liver tissue reveals Aeromonas hydrophila infection mediated modulation of host metabolic pathways in Labeo rohita. J Proteomics 2023; 279:104870. [PMID: 36906258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) is a Gram-negative bacterium and a serious global pathogen causing Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) in fish leading to global loss in aquaculture. Investigation of the molecular alterations of host tissues such as liver could be a powerful approach to identify mechanistic and diagnostic immune signatures of disease pathogenesis. We performed a proteomic analysis of Labeo rohita liver tissue to examine the protein dynamics in the host cells during Ah infection. The proteomic data was acquired using two strategies; discovery and targeted proteomics. Label-free quantification was performed between Control and challenged group (AH) to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A total of 2525 proteins were identified and 157 were DEPs. DEPs include metabolic enzymes (CS, SUCLG2), antioxidative proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and immune related proteins (TLR3, CLEC4E). Pathways like lysosome pathway, apoptosis, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 were enriched by downregulated proteins. However, upregulated proteins majorly mapped to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon metabolism and protein processing in ER. Our study would help in exploring the role of Toll-like receptors, C-type lectins and, metabolic intermediates like citrate and succinate in Ah pathogenesis to understand the Ah infection in fish. SIGNIFICANCE: Bacterial diseases such as motile aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) are among the most serious problems in aquaculture industry. Small molecules that target the metabolism of the host have recently emerged as potential treatment possibilities in infectious diseases. However, the ability to develop new therapies is hampered due to lack of knowledge about pathogenesis mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. We examined alterations in the host proteome during MAS caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) infection, in Labeo rohita liver tissue to find cellular proteins and processes affected by Ah infection. Upregulated proteins belong to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon metabolism and protein processing. Our work is an important step towards leveraging host metabolism in targeting the disease by providing a bigger picture on proteome pathology correlation during Ah infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Un Nissa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400061, India
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Urvi Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, 110034, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400061, India.
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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8
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Danielli M, Perne L, Jarc Jovičić E, Petan T. Lipid droplets and polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking: Balancing life and death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1104725. [PMID: 36776554 PMCID: PMC9911892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are fat storage organelles ubiquitously distributed across the eukaryotic kingdom. They have a central role in regulating lipid metabolism and undergo a dynamic turnover of biogenesis and breakdown to meet cellular requirements for fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in membrane phospholipids define membrane fluidity and can be released by the activity of phospholipases A2 to act as ligands for nuclear receptors or to be metabolized into a wide spectrum of lipid signaling mediators. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids are also highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which if left uncontrolled leads to ferroptotic cell death. On the one hand, lipid droplets act as antioxidant organelles that control polyunsaturated fatty acid storage in triglycerides in order to reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, preserve organelle function and prevent cell death, including ferroptosis. On the other hand, lipid droplet breakdown fine-tunes the delivery of polyunsaturated fatty acids into metabolic and signaling pathways, but unrestricted lipid droplet breakdown may also lead to the release of lethal levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Precise regulation of lipid droplet turnover is thus essential for polyunsaturated fatty acid distribution and cellular homeostasis. In this review, we focus on emerging aspects of lipid droplet-mediated regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking, including the management of membrane lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis and lipid mediator signaling.
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9
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Wan Z, Fu S, Wang Z, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Lin X, Lan R, Han X, Luo Z, Miao J. FABP4-mediated lipid droplet formation in Streptococcus uberis-infected macrophages supports host defence. Vet Res 2022; 53:90. [PMID: 36371263 PMCID: PMC9652580 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foamy macrophages containing prominent cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) are found in a variety of infectious diseases. However, their role in Streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis is unknown. Herein, we report that S. uberis infection enhances the fatty acid synthesis pathway in macrophages, resulting in a sharp increase in LD levels, accompanied by a significantly enhanced inflammatory response. This process is mediated by the involvement of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a subtype of the fatty acid-binding protein family that plays critical roles in metabolism and inflammation. In addition, FABP4 siRNA inhibitor cell models showed that the deposition of LDs decreased, and the mRNA expression of Tnf, Il1b and Il6 was significantly downregulated after gene silencing. As a result, the bacterial load in macrophages increased. Taken together, these data demonstrate that macrophage LD formation is a host-driven component of the immune response to S. uberis. FABP4 contributes to promoting inflammation via LDs, which should be considered a new target for drug development to treat infections.
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Fehér J, Élő Á, István L, Nagy ZZ, Radák Z, Scuderi G, Artico M, Kovács I. Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration. GeroScience 2022; 44:2623-2653. [PMID: 35978068 PMCID: PMC9385247 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central area (macula lutea) of the retina. Research on the pathogenic mechanism of AMD showed complex cellular contribution governed by such risk factors as aging, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle. Recent studies suggested that microbiota is a transducer and a modifier of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondria may be one of the intracellular targets of microbial signaling molecules. This review explores studies supporting a new concept on the contribution of microbiota-mitochondria disorders to AMD. We discuss metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanism in AMD as well as key alterations of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris endothelial, immune, and neuronal cells. Special attention was paid to alterations of mitochondria contact sites (MCSs), an organelle network of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets (LDs), and peroxisomes being documented based on our own electron microscopic findings from surgically removed human eyes. Morphometry of Bruch's membrane lipids and proteoglycans has also been performed in early AMD and aged controls. Microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, and secondary bile acids) and microbial compounds (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA)-now called postbiotics-in addition to local effects on resident microbiota and mucous membrane, regulate systemic metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanisms in normal conditions and in various common diseases. We also discuss their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects as well as experimental and clinical observations on regulating the main processes of photoreceptor renewal, mitophagy, and autophagy in early AMD. These findings support an emerging concept that microbiota-mitochondria disorders may be a crucial pathogenic mechanism of early AMD; and similarly, to other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, new treatment approaches should be targeted at these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Fehér
- PRIMAVERA Program, Nutripharma Hungaria Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Élő
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla István
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- grid.472475.70000 0000 9243 1481Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- grid.7841.aOphthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- grid.417007.5Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Illés Kovács
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY USA
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11
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Nicolas A, Deplanche M, Commere PH, Diot A, Genthon C, Marques da Silva W, Azevedo V, Germon P, Jamme H, Guédon E, Le Loir Y, Laurent F, Bierne H, Berkova N. Transcriptome Architecture of Osteoblastic Cells Infected With Staphylococcus aureus Reveals Strong Inflammatory Responses and Signatures of Metabolic and Epigenetic Dysregulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854242. [PMID: 35531332 PMCID: PMC9067450 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a range of devastating diseases including chronic osteomyelitis, which partially relies on the internalization and persistence of S. aureus in osteoblasts. The identification of the mechanisms of the osteoblast response to intracellular S. aureus is thus crucial to improve the knowledge of this infectious pathology. Since the signal from specifically infected bacteria-bearing cells is diluted and the results are confounded by bystander effects of uninfected cells, we developed a novel model of long-term infection. Using a flow cytometric approach we isolated only S. aureus-bearing cells from mixed populations that allows to identify signals specific to intracellular infection. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the effect of long-term S. aureus infection on the transcriptional program of human osteoblast-like cells. After RNA-seq and KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis, the remodeled transcriptomic profile of infected cells revealed exacerbated immune and inflammatory responses, as well as metabolic dysregulations that likely influence the intracellular life of bacteria. Numerous genes encoding epigenetic regulators were downregulated. The later included genes coding for components of chromatin-repressive complexes (e.g., NuRD, BAHD1 and PRC1) and epifactors involved in DNA methylation. Sets of genes encoding proteins of cell adhesion or neurotransmission were also deregulated. Our results suggest that intracellular S. aureus infection has a long-term impact on the genome and epigenome of host cells, which may exert patho-physiological dysfunctions additionally to the defense response during the infection process. Overall, these results not only improve our conceptual understanding of biological processes involved in the long-term S. aureus infections of osteoblast-like cells, but also provide an atlas of deregulated host genes and biological pathways and identify novel markers and potential candidates for prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Nicolas
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Martine Deplanche
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Commere
- Cytometry and Biomarkers Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alan Diot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Universit´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Lyon, France
| | - Clemence Genthon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Unité Service 1426 (US1426), Transcriptome Plateforme Technologique (GeT-PlaGe), Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pierre Germon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Université François Rabelais, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Tours, France
| | - Hélène Jamme
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique et Développement (BREED), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique et Développement (BREED), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Guédon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Fréderic Laurent
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Universit´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nadia Berkova
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Nadia Berkova,
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12
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Yin X, Zhuang X, Liao M, Huang L, Cui Q, Liu C, Dong W, Wang F, Liu Y, Wang W. Transcriptome analysis of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hepatopancreas challenged by Vibrio alginolyticus reveals lipid metabolic disturbance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:238-247. [PMID: 35278640 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is a devastating bacterial pathogen of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), which often causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) and early mortality syndrome (EMS). Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of L. vannamei in responding to infection is essential for controlling the epidemic. In the present study, transcriptomic profiles of L. vannamei hepatopancreas were explored by injecting with PBS or V. alginolyticus. Hepatopancreas morphology of L. vannamei was also assessed. The result reveals that compared with the hepatopancreas of PBS group, the storage cells (R-cell), secretory cells (B-cell) and star-shaped polygonal structures of the lumen were disappeared and necrotic after challenged by V. alginolyticus at 24 h. Transcriptome data showed that a total of 314 differential expression genes were induced by V. alginolyticus, with 133 and 181 genes up- and down-regulated, respectively. These genes were mainly associated with lysosome pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, drug metabolism-other enzymes, cysteine and methionine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and PPAR signal pathway. Among these pathways, the lysosome pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism and PPAR signal pathway were both related with lipid metabolism. Therefore, we detected the lipid accumulation in hepatopancreas by Oil Red O staining, TG and CHOL detection and the relative mRNA expression of several lipid metabolism related genes in the hepatopancreas of shrimp after challenge to V. alginolyticus. The present data reveals that lipids from the L. vannamei are nutrient sources for the V. alginolyticus and define the fate of the infection by modulating lipid homeostasis. These findings may have important implication for understanding the L. vannamei and V. alginolyticus interactions, and provide a substantial dataset for further research and may deliver the basis for preventing the bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xueqi Zhuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Meiqiu Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Qiqian Cui
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Can Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wenna Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weina Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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13
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Zhang W, Xu L, Zhu L, Liu Y, Yang S, Zhao M. Lipid Droplets, the Central Hub Integrating Cell Metabolism and the Immune System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746749. [PMID: 34925055 PMCID: PMC8678573 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are commonly found in various biological cells and are organelles related to cell metabolism. LDs, the number and size of which are heterogeneous across cell type, are primarily composed of polar lipids and proteins on the surface with neutral lipids in the core. Neutral lipids stored in LDs can be degraded by lipolysis and lipophagocytosis, which are regulated by various proteins. The process of LD formation can be summarized in four steps. In addition to energy production, LDs play an extremely pivotal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid toxicity, storage of fat-soluble vitamins, regulation of oxidative stress, and reprogramming of cell metabolism. Interestingly, LDs, the hub of integration between metabolism and the immune system, are involved in antitumor immunity, anti-infective immunity (viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc.) and some metabolic immune diseases. Herein, we summarize the role of LDs in several major immune cells as elucidated in recent years, including T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Additionally, we analyze the role of the interaction between LDs and immune cells in two typical metabolic immune diseases: atherosclerosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Kiarely Souza E, Pereira-Dutra FS, Rajão MA, Ferraro-Moreira F, Goltara-Gomes TC, Cunha-Fernandes T, Santos JDC, Prestes EB, Andrade WA, Zamboni DS, Bozza MT, Bozza PT. Lipid droplet accumulation occurs early following Salmonella infection and contributes to intracellular bacterial survival and replication. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:293-306. [PMID: 34783412 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a public health problem caused by Salmonella sp., a highly adapted facultative intracellular pathogen. After internalization, Salmonella sp. Manipulates several host processes, mainly through the activation of the type III secretion system (T3SS), including modification of host lipid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. LDs are dynamic and complex lipid-rich organelles involved in several cellular processes. The present study investigated the mechanism involved in LD biogenesis in Salmonella-infected macrophages and its role in bacterial pathogenicity. Here, we reported that S. Typhimurium induced a rapid time-dependent increase of LD formation in macrophages. The LD biogenesis was demonstrated to depend on Salmonella's viability and SPI1-related T3SS activity, with the participation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) signaling. We also observed that LD accumulation occurs through TLR2-dependent signaling and is counter-regulated by TLR4. Last, the pharmacologic modulation of LD formation by inhibiting diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) significantly reduced the intracellular bacterial proliferation and impaired the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) synthesis. Collectively, our data suggest the role of LDs on S. typhimurium intracellular survival and replication in macrophages. This data set provides new perspectives for future investigations about LDs in host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kiarely Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program of Immunology and Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe S Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus A Rajão
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ferraro-Moreira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taynná C Goltara-Gomes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia da Cunha Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa B Prestes
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunity, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Warrison A Andrade
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Bozza
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunity, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Allen PE, Noland RC, Martinez JJ. Rickettsia conorii survival in THP-1 macrophages involves host lipid droplet alterations and active rickettsial protein production. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13390. [PMID: 34464019 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rickettsia conorii is a Gram-negative, cytosolic intracellular bacterium that has classically been investigated in terms of endothelial cell infection. However, R. conorii and other human pathogenic Rickettsia species have evolved mechanisms to grow in various cell types, including macrophages, during mammalian infection. During infection of these phagocytes, R. conorii shifts the host cell's overall metabolism towards an anti-inflammatory M2 response, metabolically defined by an increase in host lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Lipid metabolism has more recently been identified as a key regulator of host homeostasis through modulation of immune signalling and metabolism. Intracellular pathogens have adapted mechanisms of hijacking host metabolic pathways including host lipid catabolic pathways for various functions required for growth and survival. In the present study, we hypothesised that alterations of host lipid droplets initiated by lipid catabolic pathways during R. conorii infection is important for bacterial survival in macrophages. Herein, we determined that host lipid droplet modulation is initiated early during R. conorii infection, and these alterations rely on active bacteria and lipid catabolic pathways. We also find that these lipid catabolic pathways are essential for efficient bacterial survival. Unlike the mechanisms used by other intracellular pathogens, the catabolism of lipid droplets induced by R. conorii infection is independent of upstream host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) signalling. Inhibition of PPARɣ signalling and lipid droplet accumulation in host cells cause a significant decrease in R. conorii survival suggesting a negative correlation with lipid droplet production and R. conorii survival. Together, these results strongly suggest that the modulation of lipid droplets in macrophage cells infected by R. conorii is an important and underappreciated aspect of the infection process. TAKE AWAYS: Host lipid droplets are differentially altered in early and replicative stages of THP-1 macrophage infection with R. conorii. Lipid droplet alterations are initiated in a bacterial-dependent manner and do not require host peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α or ɣ activation. Pharmacological inhibition of host lipid catabolic processes during R. conorii infection indicates a requirement of lipid catabolism for bacterial survival and initiation of lipid droplet modulation. A significant increase in host lipid droplets during infection has a negative impact on R. conorii survival in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Allen
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert C Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Juan J Martinez
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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16
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Olona A, Hateley C, Muralidharan S, Wenk MR, Torta F, Behmoaras J. Sphingolipid metabolism during Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated macrophage activation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4575-4587. [PMID: 34363204 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) provides a paradigm for investigating energy metabolism that regulates the inflammatory response. TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory macrophage activation is characterized by increased glycolysis and altered mitochondrial metabolism, supported by selective amino acid uptake and/or usage. Fatty acid metabolism remains as a highly complex rewiring that accompanies classical macrophage activation. TLR4 activation leads to de novo synthesis of fatty acids, which flux into sphingolipids, complex lipids that form the building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes and regulate cell function. Here, we review the importance of TLR4-mediated de novo synthesis of membrane sphingolipids in macrophages. We first highlight fatty acid metabolism during TLR4-driven macrophage immunometabolism. We then focus on the temporal dynamics of sphingolipid biosynthesis and emphasize the modulatory role of some sphingolipid species (i.e. sphingomyelins, ceramides and glycosphingolipids) on the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of LPS/TLR4 activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Hateley
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Markus R Wenk
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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17
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Bosch M, Sweet MJ, Parton RG, Pol A. Lipid droplets and the host-pathogen dynamic: FATal attraction? J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202104005. [PMID: 34165498 PMCID: PMC8240858 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing conflict between eukaryotic cells and pathogens, lipid droplets (LDs) emerge as a choke point in the battle for nutrients. While many pathogens seek the lipids stored in LDs to fuel an expensive lifestyle, innate immunity rewires lipid metabolism and weaponizes LDs to defend cells and animals. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites directly and remotely manipulate LDs to obtain substrates for metabolic energy, replication compartments, assembly platforms, membrane blocks, and tools for host colonization and/or evasion such as anti-inflammatory mediators, lipoviroparticles, and even exosomes. Host LDs counterattack such advances by synthesizing bioactive lipids and toxic nucleotides, organizing immune signaling platforms, and recruiting a plethora of antimicrobial proteins to provide a front-line defense against the invader. Here, we review the current state of this conflict. We will discuss why, when, and how LDs efficiently coordinate and precisely execute a plethora of immune defenses. In the age of antimicrobial resistance and viral pandemics, understanding innate immune strategies developed by eukaryotic cells to fight and defeat dangerous microorganisms may inform future anti-infective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Kellermann M, Scharte F, Hensel M. Manipulation of Host Cell Organelles by Intracellular Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126484. [PMID: 34204285 PMCID: PMC8235465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic intracellular bacteria, parasites and viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate mammalian host cells to serve as niches for persistence and proliferation. The intracellular lifestyles of pathogens involve the manipulation of membrane-bound organellar compartments of host cells. In this review, we described how normal structural organization and cellular functions of endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, or lipid droplets are targeted by microbial virulence mechanisms. We focus on the specific interactions of Salmonella, Legionella pneumophila, Rickettsia rickettsii, Chlamydia spp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis representing intracellular bacterial pathogens, and of Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii representing intracellular parasites. The replication strategies of various viruses, i.e., Influenza A virus, Poliovirus, Brome mosaic virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Hepatitis C virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS), Dengue virus, Zika virus, and others are presented with focus on the specific manipulation of the organelle compartments. We compare the specific features of intracellular lifestyle and replication cycles, and highlight the communalities in mechanisms of manipulation deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kellermann
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Barbarastr 11, Universität Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Felix Scharte
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Barbarastr 11, Universität Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Barbarastr 11, Universität Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (M.K.); (F.S.)
- CellNanOs–Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-541-969-3940
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19
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de Souza G, Silva RJ, Milián ICB, Rosini AM, de Araújo TE, Teixeira SC, Oliveira MC, Franco PS, da Silva CV, Mineo JR, Silva NM, Ferro EAV, Barbosa BF. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 modulates Toxoplasma gondii infection, immune response and lipid droplets formation in human trophoblast cells and villous explants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12709. [PMID: 34135407 PMCID: PMC8209052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital toxoplasmosis is represented by the transplacental passage of Toxoplasma gondii from the mother to the fetus. Our studies demonstrated that T. gondii developed mechanisms to evade of the host immune response, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induction, and these mediators can be produced/stored in lipid droplets (LDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of COX-2 and LDs during T. gondii infection in human trophoblast cells and villous explants. Our data demonstrated that COX-2 inhibitors decreased T. gondii replication in trophoblast cells and villous. In BeWo cells, the COX-2 inhibitors induced an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and MIF), and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In HTR-8/SVneo cells, the COX-2 inhibitors induced an increase of IL-6 and nitrite and decreased IL-4 and TGF-β1. In villous explants, the COX-2 inhibitors increased MIF and decreased TNF-α and IL-10. Furthermore, T. gondii induced an increase in LDs in BeWo and HTR-8/SVneo, but COX-2 inhibitors reduced LDs in both cells type. We highlighted that COX-2 is a key factor to T. gondii proliferation in human trophoblast cells, since its inhibition induced a pro-inflammatory response capable of controlling parasitism and leading to a decrease in the availability of LDs, which are essentials for parasite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Rafaela José Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Iliana Claudia Balga Milián
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Monteiro Rosini
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Thádia Evelyn de Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Mário Cézar Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Claudio Vieira da Silva
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatids, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Taurine-Mediated IDOL Contributes to Resolution of Streptococcus uberis Infection. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00788-20. [PMID: 33593888 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00788-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations occur in pathogenic infections, but the role of lipid metabolism in the progression of bacterial mastitis is unclear. Cross talk between lipid droplets (LDs) and invading bacteria occurs, and targeting of de novo lipogenesis inhibits pathogen reproduction. In this study, we investigate the role(s) of lipid metabolism in mammary cells during Streptococcus uberis infection. Our results indicate that S. uberis induces the synthesis of fatty acids and production of LDs. Importantly, taurine reduces fatty acid synthesis, the abundance of LDs and the in vitro bacterial load of S. uberis These changes are mediated, at least partly, by the E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL, which is associated with the degradation of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs). We have identified a critical role for IDOL-mediated fatty acid synthesis in bacterial infection, and we suggest that taurine may be an effective prophylactic or therapeutic strategy for preventing S. uberis mastitis.
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21
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Han YS, Chen JX, Li ZB, Chen J, Yi WJ, Huang H, Wei LL, Jiang TT, Li JC. Identification of potential lipid biomarkers for active pulmonary tuberculosis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:387-399. [PMID: 33175608 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220968058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the key to controlling the disease. Host lipids are nutrient sources for the metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this research work, we used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to screen plasma lipids in TB patients, lung cancer patients, community-acquired pneumonia patients, and normal healthy controls. Principal component analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, and K-means clustering algorithm analysis were used to identify lipids with differential abundance. A total of 22 differential lipids were filtered out among all subjects. The plasma phospholipid levels were decreased, while the cholesterol ester levels were increased in patients with TB. We speculate that the infection of M. tuberculosis may regulate the lipid metabolism of TB patients and may promote host-assisted bacterial degradation of phospholipids and accumulation of cholesterol esters. This may be related to the formation of lung cavities with caseous necrosis. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed four lipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC, 12:0/22:2), PC (16:0/18:2), cholesteryl ester (20:3), and sphingomyelin (d18:0/18:1) as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of TB. The diagnostic model was fitted by using logistic regression analysis and combining the above four lipids with a sensitivity of 92.9%, a specificity of 82.4%, and the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.934 (95% CI 0.873 - 0.971). The machine learning method (10-fold cross-validation) demonstrated that the model had good accuracy (0.908 AUC, 85.3% sensitivity, and 85.9% specificity). The lipids identified in this study may serve as novel biomarkers in TB diagnosis. Our research may pave the foundation for understanding the pathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shuai Han
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Xi Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Li-Liang Wei
- Department of Pneumology, Shaoxing Municipal Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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22
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Friend or Foe: Lipid Droplets as Organelles for Protein and Lipid Storage in Cellular Stress Response, Aging and Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215053. [PMID: 33143278 PMCID: PMC7663626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as a mere lipid storage organelle for a long time. Recent evidence suggests that LDs are in fact distinct and dynamic organelles with a specialized proteome and functions in many cellular roles. As such, LDs contribute to cellular signaling, protein and lipid homeostasis, metabolic diseases and inflammation. In line with the multitude of functions, LDs interact with many cellular organelles including mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. LDs are highly mobile and dynamic organelles and impaired motility disrupts the interaction with other organelles. The reduction of interorganelle contacts results in a multitude of pathophysiologies and frequently in neurodegenerative diseases. Contacts not only supply lipids for β-oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes, but also may include the transfer of toxic lipids as well as misfolded and harmful proteins to LDs. Furthermore, LDs assist in the removal of protein aggregates when severe proteotoxic stress overwhelms the proteasomal system. During imbalance of cellular lipid homeostasis, LDs also support cellular detoxification. Fine-tuning of LD function is of crucial importance and many diseases are associated with dysfunctional LDs. We summarize the current understanding of LDs and their interactions with organelles, providing a storage site for harmful proteins and lipids during cellular stress, aging inflammation and various disease states.
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23
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Bosch M, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Fajardo A, Kapetanovic R, Steiner B, Dutra F, Moreira L, López JA, Campo R, Marí M, Morales-Paytuví F, Tort O, Gubern A, Templin RM, Curson JEB, Martel N, Català C, Lozano F, Tebar F, Enrich C, Vázquez J, Del Pozo MA, Sweet MJ, Bozza PT, Gross SP, Parton RG, Pol A. Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cell metabolism and host defense. Science 2020; 370:370/6514/eaay8085. [PMID: 33060333 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay8085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotic cells and a source of nutrients for intracellular pathogens. We demonstrate that mammalian LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antimicrobial capacity, which is up-regulated by danger signals. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), multiple host defense proteins, including interferon-inducible guanosine triphosphatases and the antimicrobial cathelicidin, assemble into complex clusters on LDs. LPS additionally promotes the physical and functional uncoupling of LDs from mitochondria, reducing fatty acid metabolism while increasing LD-bacterial contacts. Thus, LDs actively participate in mammalian innate immunity at two levels: They are both cell-autonomous organelles that organize and use immune proteins to kill intracellular pathogens as well as central players in the local and systemic metabolic adaptation to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Fajardo
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bernhard Steiner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Filipe Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.040-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.040-900, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, CNIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Campo
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, CNIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Hepatocellular Signaling and Cancer Team, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Morales-Paytuví
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Tort
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gubern
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel M Templin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James E B Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Martel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Team, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Team, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, CNIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.040-900, Brazil
| | - Steven P Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona
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24
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Allen PE, Martinez JJ. Modulation of Host Lipid Pathways by Pathogenic Intracellular Bacteria. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080614. [PMID: 32731350 PMCID: PMC7460438 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are a broad group of molecules required for cell maintenance and homeostasis. Various intracellular pathogens have developed mechanisms of modulating and sequestering host lipid processes for a large array of functions for both bacterial and host cell survival. Among the host cell lipid functions that intracellular bacteria exploit for infection are the modulation of host plasma membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) required for efficient bacterial entry; the recruitment of specific lipids for membrane integrity of intracellular vacuoles; and the utilization of host lipid droplets for the regulation of immune responses and for energy production through fatty acid β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of published studies on the utilization of these host lipid pathways during infection have focused on intracellular bacterial pathogens that reside within a vacuole during infection and, thus, have vastly different requirements for host lipid metabolites when compared to those intracellular pathogens that are released into the host cytosol upon infection. Here we summarize the mechanisms by which intracellular bacteria sequester host lipid species and compare the modulation of host lipid pathways and metabolites during host cell infection by intracellular pathogens residing in either a vacuole or within the cytosol of infected mammalian cells. This review will also highlight common and unique host pathways necessary for intracellular bacterial growth that could potentially be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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25
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McClean CM, Tobin DM. Early cell-autonomous accumulation of neutral lipids during infection promotes mycobacterial growth. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232251. [PMID: 32407412 PMCID: PMC7224534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids represent an important source of nutrition for infecting mycobacteria, accumulating within the necrotic core of granulomas and present in foamy macrophages associated with mycobacterial infection. In order to better understand the timing, process and importance of lipid accumulation, we developed methods for direct in vivo visualization and quantification of this process using the zebrafish-M. marinum larval model of infection. We find that neutral lipids accumulate cell-autonomously in mycobacterium-infected macrophages in vivo during early infection, with detectable levels of accumulation by two days post-infection. Treatment with ezetimibe, an FDA-approved drug, resulted in decreased levels of free cholesterol and neutral lipids, and a reduction of bacterial growth in vivo. The effect of ezetimibe in reducing bacterial growth was dependent on the mce4 operon, a key bacterial determinant of lipid utilization. Thus, in vivo, lipid accumulation can occur cell-autonomously at early timepoints of mycobacterial infection, and limitation of this process results in decreased bacterial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. McClean
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Jarc E, Petan T. A twist of FATe: Lipid droplets and inflammatory lipid mediators. Biochimie 2020; 169:69-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Nouwen LV, Everts B. Pathogens MenTORing Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Manipulation of mTOR and Cellular Metabolism to Promote Immune Escape. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010161. [PMID: 31936570 PMCID: PMC7017145 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, represent an important first line of defense against infections. Upon recognition of pathogens, these cells undergo a metabolic reprogramming that supports their activation and ability to respond to the invading pathogens. An important metabolic regulator of these cells is mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). During infection, pathogens use host metabolic pathways to scavenge host nutrients, as well as target metabolic pathways for subversion of the host immune response that together facilitate pathogen survival. Given the pivotal role of mTOR in controlling metabolism and DC and macrophage function, pathogens have evolved strategies to target this pathway to manipulate these cells. This review seeks to discuss the most recent insights into how pathogens target DC and macrophage metabolism to subvert potential deleterious immune responses against them, by focusing on the metabolic pathways that are known to regulate and to be regulated by mTOR signaling including amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy.
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28
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Lipid Droplets in Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090974. [PMID: 31454885 PMCID: PMC6770496 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are a crucial part of lipid storage; thus, they are important players in a variety of diseases that are affected by lipid imbalances such as obesity, fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer [...].
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