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Alver CG, Álvarez-Cubela S, Altilio I, Hutchison E, Warrner E, Viso ME, Vitale G, Oliver D, Pastori RL, Dominguez-Bendala J, Agarwal A. SliceChip: a benchtop fluidic platform for organotypic culture and serial assessment of human and rodent pancreatic slices. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1557-1572. [PMID: 38205530 PMCID: PMC10939771 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatically isolated pancreatic islets are the most commonly used ex vivo testbeds for diabetes research. Recently, precision-cut living slices of human pancreas are emerging as an exciting alternative because they maintain the complex architecture of the endocrine and exocrine tissues, and do not suffer from the mechanical and chemical stress of enzymatic isolation. We report a fluidic pancreatic SliceChip platform with dynamic environmental controls that generates a warm, oxygenated, and bubble-free fluidic pathway across singular immobilized slices with continuous deliver of fresh media and the ability to perform repeat serial perfusion assessments. A degasser ensures the system remains bubble-free while systemic pressurization with compressed oxygen ensures slice medium remains adequately oxygenated. Computational modeling of perfusion and oxygen dynamics within SliceChip guide the system's physiomimetic culture conditions. Maintenance of the physiological glucose dependent insulin secretion profile across repeat perfusion assessments of individual pancreatic slices kept under physiological oxygen levels demonstrated the culture capacity of our platform. Fluorescent images acquired every 4 hours of transgenic murine pancreatic slices were reliably stable and recoverable over a 5 day period due to the inclusion of a 3D-printed bioinert metallic anchor that maintained slice position within the SliceChip. Our slice on a chip platform has the potential to expand the useability of human pancreatic slices for diabetes pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic approaches, while also enabling organotypic culture and assessment of other tissue slices such as brain and patient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Alver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Isabella Altilio
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Emily Hutchison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Emma Warrner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Mariana E Viso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Giana Vitale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - David Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | - Ricardo L Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Jeong JH, Park KN, Kim JH, Noh K, Hur SS, Kim Y, Hong M, Chung JC, Park JH, Lee J, Son YI, Lee JH, Kim SH, Hwang Y. Self-organized insulin-producing β-cells differentiated from human omentum-derived stem cells and their in vivo therapeutic potential. Biomater Res 2023; 27:82. [PMID: 37644502 PMCID: PMC10466773 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human omentum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hO-MSCs) possess great potential to differentiate into multiple lineages and have self-renewal capacity, allowing them to be utilized as patient-specific cell-based therapeutics. Although the use of various stem cell-derived β-cells has been proposed as a novel approach for treating diabetes mellitus, developing an efficient method to establish highly functional β-cells remains challenging. METHODS We aimed to develop a novel cell culture platform that utilizes a fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-immobilized matrix to regulate the adhesion and differentiation of hO-MSCs into insulin-producing β-cells via cell-matrix/cell-cell interactions. In our study, we evaluated the in vitro differentiation potential of hO-MSCs cultured on an FGF2-immobilized matrix and a round-bottom plate (RBP). Further, the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the β-cells transplanted into kidney capsules was evaluated using animal models with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that cells cultured on an FGF2-immobilized matrix could self-organize into insulin-producing β-cell progenitors, as evident from the upregulation of pancreatic β-cell-specific markers (PDX-1, Insulin, and Glut-2). Moreover, we observed significant upregulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, gap junction proteins (Cx36 and Cx43), and cell adhesion molecules (E-cadherin and Ncam1) in cells cultured on the FGF2-immobilized matrix. In addition, in vivo transplantation of differentiated β-cells into animal models of STZ-induced diabetes revealed their survival and engraftment as well as glucose-sensitive production of insulin within the host microenvironment, at over 4 weeks after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the FGF2-immobilized matrix can support initial cell adhesion, maturation, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion within the host microenvironment. Such a cell culture platform can offer novel strategies to obtain functional pancreatic β-cells from patient-specific cell sources, ultimately enabling better treatment for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam-Do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Nam Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - KyungMu Noh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam-Do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sik Hur
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhye Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam-Do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonju Hong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chul Chung
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsoon Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam-Do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ik Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hun Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bio-Med Engineering, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam-Do, 31151, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam-Do, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Moreno-Castellanos N, Cuartas-Gómez E, Vargas-Ceballos O. Functionalized Collagen/Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel Enhances Beta Pancreatic Cell Sustenance. Gels 2023; 9:496. [PMID: 37367166 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional matrices are a new strategy used to tackle type I diabetes, a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the destruction of beta pancreatic cells. Type I collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM), a component that has been used to support cell growth. However, pure collagen possesses some difficulties, including a low stiffness and strength and a high susceptibility to cell-mediated contraction. Therefore, we developed a collagen hydrogel with a poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) interpenetrating network (IPN), functionalized with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to mimic the pancreatic environment for the sustenance of beta pancreatic cells. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrogels and found that they were successfully synthesized. The mechanical behavior of the hydrogels improved with the addition of VEGF, and the swelling degree and the degradation were stable over time. In addition, it was found that 5 ng/mL VEGF-functionalized collagen/PEGDA IPN hydrogels sustained and enhanced the viability, proliferation, respiratory capacity, and functionality of beta pancreatic cells. Hence, this is a potential candidate for future preclinical evaluation, which may be favorable for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas, CROM-MASS, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elías Cuartas-Gómez
- CICTA Research Group, Department of Basic Sciences, Medicine School, Health Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Oscar Vargas-Ceballos
- GIMAT Research Group, Escuela de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Cra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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4
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Zaeifi D, Azarnia M. Promoting β-cells function by the recapitulation of in vivo microenvironmental differentiation signals. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03773-7. [PMID: 37140683 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to transdifferentiate rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) more efficiently into islet-like cells and encapsulate and transplant them with vital properties like stability, proliferation, and metabolic activity enhanced for the treatment of T1DM. Trans-differentiation of BM-MCs into islet-like cells induced by high glucose concentration combined with Nicotinamide, ꞵ-Mercaptoethanol, ꞵ-Cellulin, and IGF-1. Glucose challenge assays and gene expression profiles were used to determine functionality. Microencapsulation was performed using the vibrating nozzle encapsulator droplet method with a 1% alginate concentration. Encapsulated ꞵ-cells were cultured in a fluidized-bed bioreactor with 1850 μL/min fluid flow rates and a superficial velocity of 1.15 cm/min. The procedure was followed by transplanting transdifferentiated cells into the omentum of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Changes in weight, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were monitored for 2 months after transplantation. PDX1, INS, GCG, NKx2.2, NKx6.1, and GLUT2 expression levels revealed the specificity of generated β-cells with higher viability (about 20%) and glucose sensitivity about twofold more. The encapsulated β-cells decreased the glucose levels in STZ-induced rats significantly (P < 0.05) 1 week after transplantation. Also, the weight and levels of insulin and C-peptide reached the control group. In contrast to the treated, the sham group displayed a consistent decline in weight and died when loss reached > 20% at day ~ 55. The coated cells secrete significantly higher amounts of insulin in response to glucose concentration changes. Enhanced viability and functionality of β-cells can be achieved through differentiation and culturing, a promising approach toward insulin therapy alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Zaeifi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Azarnia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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van Tienhoven R, Kracht MJL, van der Slik AR, Thomaidou S, Wolters AHG, Giepmans BNG, Riojas JPR, Nelson MS, Carlotti F, de Koning EJP, Hoeben RC, Zaldumbide A, Roep BO. Presence of immunogenic alternatively spliced insulin gene product in human pancreatic delta cells. Diabetologia 2023; 66:884-896. [PMID: 36884057 PMCID: PMC10036285 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Transcriptome analyses revealed insulin-gene-derived transcripts in non-beta endocrine islet cells. We studied alternative splicing of human INS mRNA in pancreatic islets. METHODS Alternative splicing of insulin pre-mRNA was determined by PCR analysis performed on human islet RNA and single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Antisera were generated to detect insulin variants in human pancreatic tissue using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and single-cell western blot to confirm the expression of insulin variants. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation was determined by MIP-1β release. RESULTS We identified an alternatively spliced INS product. This variant encodes the complete insulin signal peptide and B chain and an alternative C-terminus that largely overlaps with a previously identified defective ribosomal product of INS. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the translation product of this INS-derived splice transcript was detectable in somatostatin-producing delta cells but not in beta cells; this was confirmed by light and electron microscopy. Expression of this alternatively spliced INS product activated preproinsulin-specific CTLs in vitro. The exclusive presence of this alternatively spliced INS product in delta cells may be explained by its clearance from beta cells by insulin-degrading enzyme capturing its insulin B chain fragment and a lack of insulin-degrading enzyme expression in delta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data demonstrate that delta cells can express an INS product derived from alternative splicing, containing both the diabetogenic insulin signal peptide and B chain, in their secretory granules. We propose that this alternative INS product may play a role in islet autoimmunity and pathology, as well as endocrine or paracrine function or islet development and endocrine destiny, and transdifferentiation between endocrine cells. INS promoter activity is not confined to beta cells and should be used with care when assigning beta cell identity and selectivity. DATA AVAILABILITY The full EM dataset is available via www.nanotomy.org (for review: http://www.nanotomy.org/OA/Tienhoven2021SUB/6126-368/ ). Single-cell RNA-seq data was made available by Segerstolpe et al [13] and can be found at https://sandberglab.se/pancreas . The RNA and protein sequence of INS-splice was uploaded to GenBank (BankIt2546444 INS-splice OM489474).
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Affiliation(s)
- René van Tienhoven
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Maria J L Kracht
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R van der Slik
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk H G Wolters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michael S Nelson
- Light Microscopy Core, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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6
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Da'as SI, Ahmed I, Hasan WH, Abdelrahman DA, Aliyev E, Nisar S, Bhat AA, Joglekar MV, Hardikar AA, Fakhro KA, Akil ASAS. The link between glycemic control measures and eye microvascular complications in a clinical cohort of type 2 diabetes with microRNA-223-3p signature. J Transl Med 2023; 21:171. [PMID: 36869348 PMCID: PMC9985290 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a critical healthcare challenge and priority in Qatar which is listed amongst the top 10 countries in the world, with its prevalence presently at 17% double the global average. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of (T2D) and long-term microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS In this study, a T2D cohort that accurately matches the characteristics of the general population was employed to find microRNA (miRNA) signatures that are correlated with glycemic and β cell function measurements. Targeted miRNA profiling was performed in (471) T2D individuals with or without DR and (491) (non-diabetic) healthy controls from the Qatar Biobank. Discovery analysis identified 20 differentially expressed miRNAs in T2D compared to controls, of which miR-223-3p was significantly upregulated (fold change:5.16, p = 3.6e-02) and positively correlated with glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p-value = 9.88e-04 and 1.64e-05, respectively), but did not show any significant associations with insulin or C-peptide. Accordingly, we performed functional validation using a miR-223-3p mimic (overexpression) under control and hyperglycemia-induced conditions in a zebrafish model. RESULTS Over-expression of miR-223-3p alone was associated with significantly higher glucose (42.7 mg/dL, n = 75 vs 38.7 mg/dL, n = 75, p = 0.02) and degenerated retinal vasculature, and altered retinal morphology involving changes in the ganglion cell layer and inner and outer nuclear layers. Assessment of retinal angiogenesis revealed significant upregulation in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, including kinase insert domain receptor. Further, the pancreatic markers, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, and the insulin gene expressions were upregulated in the miR-223-3p group. CONCLUSION Our zebrafish model validates a novel correlation between miR-223-3p and DR development. Targeting miR-223-3p in T2D patients may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy to control DR in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar I Da'as
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Zebrafish Functional Genomics, Integrated Genomic Services Core Facility, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ikhlak Ahmed
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Waseem H Hasan
- Zebrafish Functional Genomics, Integrated Genomic Services Core Facility, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Doua A Abdelrahman
- Zebrafish Functional Genomics, Integrated Genomic Services Core Facility, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaz Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar. .,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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Castiglioni S, Locatelli L, Cazzaniga A, Orecchio FM, Santaniello T, Piazzoni C, Bureau L, Borghi F, Milani P, Maier JA. Cluster-Assembled Zirconia Substrates Accelerate the Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:801. [PMID: 36903679 PMCID: PMC10005756 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high mechanical strength and good biocompatibility, nanostructured zirconia surfaces (ns-ZrOx) are widely used for bio-applications. Through supersonic cluster beam deposition, we produced ZrOx films with controllable roughness at the nanoscale, mimicking the morphological and topographical properties of the extracellular matrix. We show that a 20 nm ns-ZrOx surface accelerates the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (bMSCs) by increasing the deposition of calcium in the extracellular matrix and upregulating some osteogenic differentiation markers. bMSCs seeded on 20 nm ns-ZrOx show randomly oriented actin fibers, changes in nuclear morphology, and a reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential when compared to the cells cultured on flat zirconia (flat-ZrO2) substrates and glass coverslips used as controls. Additionally, an increase in ROS, known to promote osteogenesis, was detected after 24 h of culture on 20 nm ns-ZrOx. All the modifications induced by the ns-ZrOx surface are rescued after the first hours of culture. We propose that ns-ZrOx-induced cytoskeletal remodeling transmits signals generated by the extracellular environment to the nucleus, with the consequent modulation of the expression of genes controlling cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Orecchio
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.[M1]), University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria, 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Santaniello
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.[M1]), University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria, 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.[M1]), University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria, 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lionel Bureau
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.[M1]), University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria, 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Department of Physics and Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.[M1]), University of Milan, Via Giovanni Celoria, 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
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8
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Tissue engineering of decellularized pancreas scaffolds for regenerative medicine in diabetes. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:49-66. [PMID: 36427686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global disease requiring long-term treatment and monitoring. At present, pancreas or islet transplantation is the only reliable treatment for achieving stable euglycemia in Type I diabetes patients. However, the shortage of viable pancreata for transplantation limits the use of this therapy for the majority of patients. Organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome the shortage of viable organs for transplantation by providing a potential alternative source of donor organs. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have been performed, and show promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an overview of the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with an outlook on the remaining work that needs to be done in order to realize the goal of using this technology to create bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pancreas or islet transplantation is a means of providing insulin-independence in diabetes patients. However, due to the shortage of viable pancreata, whole-organ decellularization and recellularization is emerging as a promising solution to overcome organ shortage for transplantation. Several studies on decellularization and recellularization of rodent, porcine, and human pancreata have shown promise for generating usable decellularized pancreas scaffolds for subsequent recellularization and transplantation. In this state-of-the-art review, we highlight the latest advances in pancreas decellularization, recellularization, and revascularization. We also discuss clinical considerations such as potential transplantation sites, donor source, and immune considerations. We conclude with future work that needs to be done in order to realize clinical translation of bioengineered pancreata for transplantation in diabetes patients.
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9
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Li ZA, Cho JH, Woodhams LG, Hughes JW. Fluorescence imaging of beta cell primary cilia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004136. [PMID: 36213262 PMCID: PMC9540379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are slender cell-surface organelles that project into the intercellular space. In pancreatic beta cells, primary cilia coordinate a variety of cell responses including GPCR signaling, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, along with likely many underappreciated roles in islet development and differentiation. To study cilia function in islet biology, direct visualization of primary cilia by microscopic methods is often a necessary first step. Ciliary abundance, distribution, and morphology are heterogeneous among islet cells and are best visualized by fluorescence microscopy, the tools for which are readily accessible to most researchers. Here we present a collection of fluorescence imaging methods that we have adopted and optimized for the observation of primary cilia in mouse and human islets. These include conventional confocal microscopy using fixed islets and pancreas sections, live-cell imaging with cilia-targeted biosensors and probes, cilia motion recordings, and quantitative analysis of primary cilia waveform in the ex vivo environment. We discuss practical considerations and limitations of our approaches as well as new tools on the horizon to facilitate the observation of primary cilia in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng A. Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jung Hoon Cho
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Louis G. Woodhams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jing W. Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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10
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Chighizola M, Dini T, Marcotti S, D'Urso M, Piazzoni C, Borghi F, Previdi A, Ceriani L, Folliero C, Stramer B, Lenardi C, Milani P, Podestà A, Schulte C. The glycocalyx affects the mechanotransductive perception of the topographical microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:418. [PMID: 36123687 PMCID: PMC9484177 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell/microenvironment interface is the starting point of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction, but many details of mechanotransductive signal integration remain elusive due to the complexity of the involved (extra)cellular structures, such as the glycocalyx. We used nano-bio-interfaces reproducing the complex nanotopographical features of the extracellular matrix to analyse the glycocalyx impact on PC12 cell mechanosensing at the nanoscale (e.g., by force spectroscopy with functionalised probes). Our data demonstrates that the glycocalyx configuration affects spatio-temporal nanotopography-sensitive mechanotransductive events at the cell/microenvironment interface. Opposing effects of major glycocalyx removal were observed, when comparing flat and specific nanotopographical conditions. The excessive retrograde actin flow speed and force loading are strongly reduced on certain nanotopographies upon strong reduction of the native glycocalyx, while on the flat substrate we observe the opposite trend. Our results highlight the importance of the glycocalyx configuration in a molecular clutch force loading-dependent cellular mechanism for mechanosensing of microenvironmental nanotopographical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Chighizola
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tania Dini
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcotti
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mirko D'Urso
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anita Previdi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ceriani
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Folliero
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Brian Stramer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carsten Schulte
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (C.I.Ma.I.Na.) and Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Zhu Y, Chen S, Liu W, Xu F, Lu J, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T. IGF-1R/YAP signaling pathway is involved in collagen V-induced insulin biosynthesis and secretion in rat islet INS-1 cells. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:498-513. [PMID: 35129018 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.2025225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type V collagen (collagen V) is one of the important components of extracellular matrix (ECM) in pancreas. We previously reported that pre-coating collagen V on the culture dishes enhanced insulin production in INS-1 rat pancreatic β cells. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Insulin biosynthesis and secretion are both increased in INS-1 cells cultured on collagen V-coated dishes, accompanied by the reduced nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional co-activator. YAP, the downstream effector of Hippo signaling pathway, plays an important role in the development and function of pancreas. Inhibition of YAP activation by verteporfin further up-regulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Silencing large tumor suppressor (LATS), a core component of Hippo pathway which inhibits activity of YAP by phosphorylation, by siRNA transfection inhibits both insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In the present study, the protein level of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1 R), detected as the upstream molecule of YAP, is reduced in the INS-1 cells cultured on the dishes coated with collagen V. The silencing of IGF-1 R by siRNA transfection further enhances insulin biosynthesis and secretion. IGF-1 treatment reduces collagen V-induced up-regulation of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, accompanying the increased nuclear YAP. CONCLUSION Inhibition of IGF-1 R/YAP signal pathway is involved in collagen V-induced insulin biosynthesis and secretion in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Traditional Chinese Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuaigao Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fanxing Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan.,Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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12
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Clua‐Ferré L, De Chiara F, Rodríguez‐Comas J, Comelles J, Martinez E, Godeau AL, García‐Alamán A, Gasa R, Ramón‐Azcón J. Collagen-Tannic Acid Spheroids for β-Cell Encapsulation Fabricated Using a 3D Bioprinter. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 7:2101696. [PMID: 37182094 PMCID: PMC10170414 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202101696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes results from autoimmune response elicited against β-cell antigens. Nowadays, insulin injections remain the leading therapeutic option. However, injection treatment fails to emulate the highly dynamic insulin release that β-cells provide. 3D cell-laden microspheres have been proposed during the last years as a major platform for bioengineering insulin-secreting constructs for tissue graft implantation and a model for in vitro drug screening platforms. Current microsphere fabrication technologies have several drawbacks: the need for an oil phase containing surfactants, diameter inconsistency of the microspheres, and high time-consuming processes. These technologies have widely used alginate for its rapid gelation, high processability, and low cost. However, its low biocompatible properties do not provide effective cell attachment. This study proposes a high-throughput methodology using a 3D bioprinter that employs an ECM-like microenvironment for effective cell-laden microsphere production to overcome these limitations. Crosslinking the resulting microspheres with tannic acid prevents collagenase degradation and enhances spherical structural consistency while allowing the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen. The approach allows customization of microsphere diameter with extremely low variability. In conclusion, a novel bio-printing procedure is developed to fabricate large amounts of reproducible microspheres capable of secreting insulin in response to extracellular glucose stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Clua‐Ferré
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri I Reixac, 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Francesco De Chiara
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri I Reixac, 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Júlia Rodríguez‐Comas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri I Reixac, 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Jordi Comelles
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri I Reixac, 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Barcelona (UB)c/Martí i Franquès 1–11BarcelonaE08028Spain
| | - Elena Martinez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri I Reixac, 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Barcelona (UB)c/Martí i Franquès 1–11BarcelonaE08028Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)Av. Monforte de Lemos 3–5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0MadridE28029Spain
| | - Amelie Luise Godeau
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri I Reixac, 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Ainhoa García‐Alamán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)Madrid28029Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona08036Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)Madrid28029Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Barcelona08036Spain
| | - Javier Ramón‐Azcón
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri I Reixac, 10–12Barcelona08028Spain
- Institució Catalana de Reserca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23BarcelonaE08010Spain
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13
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Taguchi T, Duan W, Wolfson W, Duhon B, Halphen EG, Lopez MJ. Feline Adipose Derived Multipotent Stromal Cell Transdifferentiation Into Functional Insulin Producing Cell Clusters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:904519. [PMID: 35769100 PMCID: PMC9234738 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.904519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent feline endocrinopathies, affecting up to 1% of pet cats. De novo generation of functional insulin producing cell (IPC) clusters via transdifferentiation of feline adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) may not only provide a viable, functional cell therapy for feline DM, but may also serve as a platform for developing a comparable human treatment given feline and human DM similarities. Cells were induced to form IPCs with a novel, three-stage culture process with stromal or differentiation medium under static and dynamic conditions. Clusters were evaluated for intracellular zinc, viability, intracellular insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, ultrastructure, glucose stimulated insulin secretion in the presence or absence of theophylline, and protein and gene expression. Isolated cells were multipotent, and cell clusters cultured in both media had robust cell viability. Those cultured in differentiation medium contained zinc and mono- or polyhormonal α-, β-, and δ-like cells based on immunohistochemical labeling and Mallory-Heidenhan Azan-Gomori’s staining. Ultrastructurally, cell clusters cultured in differentiation medium contained insulin granules within vesicles, and clusters had a concentration-dependent insulin response to glucose in the presence and absence of theophylline which increased both insulin secretion and intracellular content. Expression of NK6.1, Pax6, Isl1, Glut2, RAB3A, glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin increased with differentiation stage for both sexes, and expression of nestin at stages 1 and 2 and Neurod1 at stage 2 was higher in cells from female donors. The cluster insulin secretion responses and endocrine and oncogene gene expression profiles were inconsistent with insulinoma characteristics. A total of 180 proteins were upregulated in differentiated clusters, and the majority were associated with biological regulation, metabolic processes, or stimulus response. Dynamic culture of IPC clusters resulted in clusters composed of cells primarily expressing insulin that released higher insulin with glucose stimulation than those in static culture. Collectively, the results of this study support generation of functional IPC clusters using feline ASCs isolated from tissues removed during routine sterilization. Further, cluster functionality is enhanced with dynamic, motion-driven shear stress. This work establishes a foundation for development of strategies for IPC therapy for short or long-term diabetes treatment and may represent an option to study prevention and treatment of diabetes across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Taguchi
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Wei Duan
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Wendy Wolfson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Brandy Duhon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Emily G. Halphen
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Mandi J. Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mandi J. Lopez,
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14
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Marku A, Galli A, Marciani P, Dule N, Perego C, Castagna M. Iron Metabolism in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function and Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:2841. [PMID: 34831062 PMCID: PMC8616520 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element involved in a variety of physiological functions. In the pancreatic beta-cells, being part of Fe-S cluster proteins, it is necessary for the correct insulin synthesis and processing. In the mitochondria, as a component of the respiratory chain, it allows the production of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that trigger beta-cell depolarization and potentiate the calcium-dependent insulin release. Iron cellular content must be finely tuned to ensure the normal supply but also to prevent overloading. Indeed, due to the high reactivity with oxygen and the formation of free radicals, iron excess may cause oxidative damage of cells that are extremely vulnerable to this condition because the normal elevated ROS production and the paucity in antioxidant enzyme activities. The aim of the present review is to provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for iron homeostasis in beta-cells, describing how alteration of these processes has been related to beta-cell damage and failure. Defects in iron-storing or -chaperoning proteins have been detected in diabetic conditions; therefore, the control of iron metabolism in these cells deserves further investigation as a promising target for the development of new disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla Perego
- Department of Excellence Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste, 22134 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Michela Castagna
- Department of Excellence Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste, 22134 Milano, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.); (P.M.); (N.D.)
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15
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Agrawal A, Narayan G, Gogoi R, Thummer RP. Recent Advances in the Generation of β-Cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Cure for Diabetes Mellitus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:1-27. [PMID: 34426962 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The present-day solution to diabetes mellitus includes regular administration of insulin, which brings about many medical complications in diabetic patients. Although islet transplantation from cadaveric subjects was proposed to be a permanent cure, the increased risk of infections, the need for immunosuppressive drugs, and their unavailability had restricted its use. To overcome this, the generation of renewable and transplantable β-cells derived from autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has gained enormous interest as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diabetes mellitus permanently. To date, extensive research has been undertaken to derive transplantable insulin-producing β-cells (iβ-cells) from iPSCs in vitro by recapitulating the in vivo developmental process of the pancreas. This in vivo developmental process relies on transcription factors, signaling molecules, growth factors, and culture microenvironment. This review highlights the various factors facilitating the generation of mature β-cells from iPSCs. Moreover, this review also describes the generation of pancreatic progenitors and β-cells from diabetic patient-specific iPSCs, exploring the potential of the diabetes disease model and drug discovery. In addition, the applications of genome editing strategies have also been discussed to achieve patient-specific diabetes cell therapy. Last, we have discussed the current challenges and prospects of iPSC-derived β-cells to improve the relative efficacy of the available treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Agrawal
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ranadeep Gogoi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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16
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Inoue R, Nishiyama K, Li J, Miyashita D, Ono M, Terauchi Y, Shirakawa J. The Feasibility and Applicability of Stem Cell Therapy for the Cure of Type 1 Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071589. [PMID: 34202521 PMCID: PMC8304653 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy using islet-like insulin-producing cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to allow patients with type 1 diabetes to withdraw from insulin therapy. However, several issues exist regarding the use of stem cell therapy to treat type 1 diabetes. In this review, we will focus on the following topics: (1) autoimmune responses during the autologous transplantation of stem cell-derived islet cells, (2) a comparison of stem cell therapy with insulin injection therapy, (3) the impact of the islet microenvironment on stem cell-derived islet cells, and (4) the cost-effectiveness of stem cell-derived islet cell transplantation. Based on these various viewpoints, we will discuss what is required to perform stem cell therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Kuniyuki Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinghe Li
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (D.M.); (M.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Masato Ono
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (D.M.); (M.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (D.M.); (M.O.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; (R.I.); (K.N.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8850
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17
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Gerst F, Kemter E, Lorza-Gil E, Kaiser G, Fritz AK, Nano R, Piemonti L, Gauder M, Dahl A, Nadalin S, Königsrainer A, Fend F, Birkenfeld AL, Wagner R, Heni M, Stefan N, Wolf E, Häring HU, Ullrich S. The hepatokine fetuin-A disrupts functional maturation of pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1358-1374. [PMID: 33765181 PMCID: PMC8099843 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Neonatal beta cells carry out a programme of postnatal functional maturation to achieve full glucose responsiveness. A partial loss of the mature phenotype of adult beta cells may contribute to a reduction of functional beta cell mass and accelerate the onset of type 2 diabetes. We previously found that fetuin-A, a hepatokine increasingly secreted by the fatty liver and a determinant of type 2 diabetes, inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of human islets. Since fetuin-A is a ubiquitous fetal glycoprotein that declines peripartum, we examined here whether fetuin-A interferes with the functional maturity of beta cells. METHODS The effects of fetuin-A were assessed during in vitro maturation of porcine neonatal islet cell clusters (NICCs) and in adult human islets. Expression alterations were examined via microarray, RNA sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), proteins were analysed by western blotting and immunostaining, and insulin secretion was quantified in static incubations. RESULTS NICC maturation was accompanied by the gain of glucose-responsive insulin secretion (twofold stimulation), backed up by mRNA upregulation of genes governing beta cell identity and function, such as NEUROD1, UCN3, ABCC8 and CASR (Log2 fold change [Log2FC] > 1.6). An active TGFβ receptor (TGFBR)-SMAD2/3 pathway facilitates NICC maturation, since the TGFBR inhibitor SB431542 counteracted the upregulation of aforementioned genes and de-repressed ALDOB, a gene disallowed in mature beta cells. In fetuin-A-treated NICCs, upregulation of beta cell markers and the onset of glucose responsiveness were suppressed. Concomitantly, SMAD2/3 phosphorylation was inhibited. Transcriptome analysis confirmed inhibitory effects of fetuin-A and SB431542 on TGFβ-1- and SMAD2/3-regulated transcription. However, contrary to SB431542 and regardless of cMYC upregulation, fetuin-A inhibited beta cell proliferation (0.27 ± 0.08% vs 1.0 ± 0.1% Ki67-positive cells in control NICCs). This effect was sustained by reduced expression (Log2FC ≤ -2.4) of FOXM1, CENPA, CDK1 or TOP2A. In agreement, the number of insulin-positive cells was lower in fetuin-A-treated NICCs than in control NICCs (14.4 ± 1.2% and 22.3 ± 1.1%, respectively). In adult human islets fetuin-A abolished glucose responsiveness, i.e. 1.7- and 1.1-fold change over 2.8 mmol/l glucose in control- and fetuin-A-cultured islets, respectively. In addition, fetuin-A reduced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and suppressed expression of proliferative genes. Of note, in non-diabetic humans, plasma fetuin-A was negatively correlated (p = 0.013) with islet beta cell area. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the perinatal decline of fetuin-A relieves TGFBR signalling in islets, a process that facilitates functional maturation of neonatal beta cells. Functional maturity remains revocable in later life, and the occurrence of a metabolically unhealthy milieu, such as liver steatosis and elevated plasma fetuin-A, can impair both function and adaptive proliferation of beta cells. DATA AVAILABILITY The RNAseq datasets and computer code produced in this study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): GSE144950; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE144950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Gerst
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany.
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Estela Lorza-Gil
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Kaiser
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Fritz
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Gauder
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC) Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Biotechnology Center TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Ullrich
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen (IDM), Tuebingen, Germany
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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18
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Velasco-Mallorquí F, Rodríguez-Comas J, Ramón-Azcón J. Cellulose-based scaffolds enhance pseudoislets formation and functionality. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34075893 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac00c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitroresearch for the study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is frequently limited by the availability of a functional model for islets of Langerhans. To overcome the limitations of obtaining pancreatic islets from different sources, such as animal models or human donors, immortalized cell lines as the insulin-producing INS1Eβ-cells have appeared as a valid alternative to model insulin-related diseases. However, immortalized cell lines are mainly used in flat surfaces or monolayer distributions, not resembling the spheroid-like architecture of the pancreatic islets. To generate islet-like structures, the use of scaffolds appeared as a valid tool to promote cell aggregations. Traditionally-used hydrogel encapsulation methods do not accomplish all the requisites for pancreatic tissue engineering, as its poor nutrient and oxygen diffusion induces cell death. Here, we use cryogelation technology to develop a more resemblance scaffold with the mechanical and physical properties needed to engineer pancreatic tissue. This study shows that carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) cryogels prompted cells to generateβ-cell clusters in comparison to gelatin-based scaffolds, that did not induce this cell organization. Moreover, the high porosity achieved with CMC cryogels allowed us to create specific range pseudoislets. Pseudoislets formed within CMC-scaffolds showed cell viability for up to 7 d and a better response to glucose over conventional monolayer cultures. Overall, our results demonstrate that CMC-scaffolds can be used to control the organization and function of insulin-producingβ-cells, representing a suitable technique to generateβ-cell clusters to study pancreatic islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Velasco-Mallorquí
- Biosensors for Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Júlia Rodríguez-Comas
- Biosensors for Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Javier Ramón-Azcón
- Biosensors for Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Vakilian M, Ghaedi K. A new hypothetical model for pancreatic development based on change in the cell division orientation. Gene 2021; 785:145607. [PMID: 33775847 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although lifelong renewal and additional compensatory growth in response to demand are undeniable facts, so far, no specific stem cells have been found for pancreatic cells. According to the consensus model, the development of pancreas results from the hierarchical differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards the appearance of the first endocrine and exocrine cells at approximately 7.5 to 8th gestation week (GW) of human embryo. However, the primitive endocrine cells arising from the embryonic phase of development do not appear to be mature or fully functional. Asymmetric localization of cellular components, such as Numb, partition protein complexes (PAR), planar cell polarity components, and certain mRNAs on the apical and basal sides of epithelial cells, causes cellular polarization. According to our model, the equal distribution of cellular components during symmetric cell division yields similar daughter cells that are associated with duct expansion. In contrast, asymmetric cell division is associated with uneven distribution of cellular components among daughter cells, resulting in different fates. Asymmetric cell division leads to duct branching and the development of acinar and stellate cells by a daughter cell, as well as the development of islet progenitor cells through partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and delamination of another daughter cell. Recently, we have developed an efficient method to obtain insulin-secreting cells from the transdifferentiation of hESC-derived ductal cells inducing a partial EMT by treatment with Wnt3A and activin A in a hypoxic environment. Similar models can be offered for other tissues and organs such as mammary glands, lungs, prostate, liver, etc. This model may open a new horizon in the field of regenerative medicine and be useful in explaining the cause of certain abnormalities, such as the occurrence of certain cysts and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Vakilian
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga (UMA), The Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Sq., Isfahan, Iran.
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20
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Molecular mechanisms of transcription factor mediated cell reprogramming: conversion of liver to pancreas. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:579-590. [PMID: 33666218 PMCID: PMC8106502 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation is a type of cellular reprogramming involving the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. This remarkable phenomenon holds enormous promise for the field of regenerative medicine. Over the last 20 years techniques used to reprogram cells to alternative identities have advanced dramatically. Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which comprises the subset of mRNAs, and therefore proteins, being expressed by a cell at a given point in time. A better understanding of the levers governing transcription factor activity benefits our ability to generate therapeutic cell types at will. One well-established example of transdifferentiation is the conversion of hepatocytes to pancreatic β-cells. This cell type conversion potentially represents a novel therapy in T1D treatment. The identification of key master regulator transcription factors (which distinguish one body part from another) during embryonic development has been central in developing transdifferentiation protocols. Pdx1 is one such example of a master regulator. Ectopic expression of vector-delivered transcription factors (particularly the triumvirate of Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA) induces reprogramming through broad transcriptional remodelling. Increasingly, complimentary cell culture techniques, which recapitulate the developmental microenvironment, are employed to coax cells to adopt new identities by indirectly regulating transcription factor activity via intracellular signalling pathways. Both transcription factor-based reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches ultimately exploit transcription factors to influence cellular identity. Here, we explore the evolution of reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches within the context of hepatocyte to β-cell transdifferentiation focussing on how the introduction of new techniques has improved our ability to generate β-cells.
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21
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Glieberman AL, Pope BD, Melton DA, Parker KK. Building Biomimetic Potency Tests for Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2021; 70:347-363. [PMID: 33472944 PMCID: PMC7881865 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease of insulin insufficiency, requiring many to rely on exogenous insulin with constant monitoring to avoid a fatal outcome. Islet transplantation is a recent therapy that can provide insulin independence, but the procedure is still limited by both the availability of human islets and reliable tests to assess their function. While stem cell technologies are poised to fill the shortage of transplantable cells, better methods are still needed for predicting transplantation outcome. To ensure islet quality, we propose that the next generation of islet potency tests should be biomimetic systems that match glucose stimulation dynamics and cell microenvironmental preferences and rapidly assess conditional and continuous insulin secretion with minimal manual handing. Here, we review the current approaches for islet potency testing and outline technologies and methods that can be used to arrive at a more predictive potency test that tracks islet secretory capacity in a relevant context. With the development of potency tests that can report on islet secretion dynamics in a context relevant to their intended function, islet transplantation can expand into a more widely accessible and reliable treatment option for individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Glieberman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Benjamin D Pope
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
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22
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Galli A, Marciani P, Marku A, Ghislanzoni S, Bertuzzi F, Rossi R, Di Giancamillo A, Castagna M, Perego C. Verbascoside Protects Pancreatic β-Cells against ER-Stress. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120582. [PMID: 33302345 PMCID: PMC7762434 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial epidemiological evidence indicates that a diet rich in polyphenols protects against developing type 2 diabetes. The phenylethanoid glycoside verbascoside/acteoside, a widespread polyphenolic plant compound, has several biological properties including strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. The aim of this research was to test the possible effects of verbascoside on pancreatic β-cells, a target never tested before. Mouse and human β-cells were incubated with verbascoside (0.8-16 µM) for up to five days and a combination of biochemical and imaging techniques were used to assess the β-cell survival and function under normal or endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress inducing conditions. We found a dose-dependent protective effect of verbascoside against oxidative stress in clonal and human β-cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the polyphenol protects β-cells against ER-stress mediated dysfunctions, modulating the activation of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) branch of the unfolded protein response and promoting mitochondrial dynamics. As a result, increased viability, mitochondrial function and insulin content were detected in these cells. These studies provide the evidence that verbascoside boosts the ability of β-cells to cope with ER-stress, an important contributor of β-cell dysfunction and failure in diabetic conditions and support the therapeutic potential of verbascoside in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Galli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Paola Marciani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Algerta Marku
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Silvia Ghislanzoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (R.R.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (R.R.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Michela Castagna
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Perego
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy; (A.G.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Insulin/Glucose-Responsive Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Disease Modeling and Treatment of Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112465. [PMID: 33198288 PMCID: PMC7696367 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral organs, accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes. Despite current developments of new drugs and strategies to prevent/treat diabetes, there is no ideal therapy targeting all aspects of the disease. Restoration, however, of insulin-producing β-cells, as well as insulin-responsive cells, would be a logical strategy for the treatment of diabetes. In recent years, generation of transplantable cells derived from stem cells in vitro has emerged as an important research area. Pluripotent stem cells, either embryonic or induced, are alternative and feasible sources of insulin-secreting and glucose-responsive cells. This notwithstanding, consistent generation of robust glucose/insulin-responsive cells remains challenging. In this review, we describe basic concepts of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells and subsequent differentiation of these into pancreatic β-like cells, myotubes, as well as adipocyte- and hepatocyte-like cells. Use of these for modeling of human disease is now feasible, while development of replacement therapies requires continued efforts.
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24
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Wang JK, Cheam NMJ, Irvine SA, Tan NS, Venkatraman S, Tay CY. Interpenetrating Network of Alginate–Human Adipose Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Islet Cells Encapsulation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000275. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kit Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Nicole Mein Ji Cheam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Scott Alexander Irvine
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 11 Mandalay Road Singapore 308232 Singapore
| | - Subbu Venkatraman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Blk EA, 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117575 Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 60 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637551 Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One Singapore 637141 Singapore
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25
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Maffioli E, Galli A, Nonnis S, Marku A, Negri A, Piazzoni C, Milani P, Lenardi C, Perego C, Tedeschi G. Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Mitochondrial Remodeling of βTC3 Cells in Response to Nanotopography. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 32850772 PMCID: PMC7405422 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, using cluster-assembled zirconia substrates with tailored roughness produced by supersonic cluster beam deposition, we demonstrated that β cells can sense nanoscale features of the substrate and can translate these stimuli into a mechanotransductive pathway capable of preserveing β-cell differentiation and function in vitro in long-term cultures of human islets. Using the same proteomic approach, we now focused on the mitochondrial fraction of βTC3 cells grown on the same zirconia substrates and characterized the morphological and proteomic modifications induced by the nanostructure. The results suggest that, in βTC3 cells, mitochondria are perturbed by the nanotopography and activate a program involving metabolism modification and modulation of their interplay with other organelles. Data were confirmed in INS1E, a different β-cell model. The change induced by the nanostructure can be pro-survival and prime mitochondria for a metabolic switch to match the new cell needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Galli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Algerta Marku
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Perego
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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