1
|
Nakazawa M, Nagao I, Ambrosini YM. Proinflammatory cytokines suppress stemness-related properties and expression of tight junction in canine intestinal organoids. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00936-w. [PMID: 38914841 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent advancements in canine intestinal organoid research have paved the way for the development of enhanced in vitro models, crucial for exploring intestinal physiology and diseases. Despite these strides, there is a notable gap in creating specific in vitro models that focus on intestinal inflammation. Our study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the impact of proinflammatory cytokines on canine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) within the context of organoid models. Canine intestinal organoids were treated with proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β. The expression of stem cell markers Lgr5, Sox9, Hopx, and Olfm4 was evaluated through RT-qPCR, while membrane integrity was assessed using immunofluorescence staining for tight junction proteins and transport assays for permeability. IFN-γ significantly decreased Lgr5 expression, a key intestinal stem cell marker, at both 24 and 48 h post-treatment (p=0.030 and p=0.002, respectively). Conversely, TNF-α increased Olfm4 expression during the same intervals (p=0.018 and p=0.011, respectively). A reduction in EdU-positive cells, indicative of decreased cell proliferation, was observed following IFN-γ treatment. Additionally, a decrease in tight junction proteins E-cadherin and ZO-1 (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively) and increased permeability in IECs (p=0.012) were noted, particularly following treatment with IFN-γ. The study highlights the profound impact of proinflammatory cytokines on canine IECs, influencing both stem cell dynamics and membrane integrity. These insights shed light on the intricate cellular processes underlying inflammation in the gut and open avenues for more in-depth research into the long-term effects of inflammation on intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meg Nakazawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Itsuma Nagao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko M Ambrosini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Windhaber C, Heckl A, Csukovich G, Pratscher B, Burgener IA, Biermann N, Dengler F. A matter of differentiation: equine enteroids as a model for the in vivo intestinal epithelium. Vet Res 2024; 55:30. [PMID: 38493107 PMCID: PMC10943904 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial damage due to gastrointestinal disorders frequently causes severe disease in horses. To study the underlying pathophysiological processes, we aimed to establish equine jejunum and colon enteroids (eqJE, eqCE) mimicking the in vivo epithelium. Therefore, enteroids were cultivated in four different media for differentiation and subsequently characterized histomorphologically, on mRNA and on protein level in comparison to the native epithelium of the same donor horses to identify ideal culture conditions for an in vitro model system. With increasing enterocyte differentiation, the enteroids showed a reduced growth rate as well as a predominantly spherical morphology and less budding compared to enteroids in proliferation medium. Combined or individual withdrawal of stem cell niche pathway components resulted in lower mRNA expression levels of stem cell markers and concomitant differentiation of enterocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells. For eqCE, withdrawal of Wnt alone was sufficient for the generation of differentiated enterocytes with a close resemblance to the in vivo epithelium. Combined removal of Wnt, R-spondin and Noggin and the addition of DAPT stimulated differentiation of eqJE at a similar level as the in vivo epithelium, particularly with regard to enterocytes. In summary, we successfully defined a medium composition that promotes the formation of eqJE and eqCE consisting of multiple cell types and resembling the in vivo epithelium. Our findings emphasize the importance of adapting culture conditions to the respective species and the intestinal segment. This in vitro model will be used to investigate the pathological mechanisms underlying equine gastrointestinal disorders in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Windhaber
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Heckl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Csukovich
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Biermann
- Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Csukovich G, Wagner M, Walter I, Burger S, Tschulenk W, Steinborn R, Pratscher B, Burgener IA. Polarity reversal of canine intestinal organoids reduces proliferation and increases cell death. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13544. [PMID: 37697686 PMCID: PMC10849783 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical-out intestinal organoids are a relatively simple method of gaining access to the apical cell surface and have faced increasing scientific interest over the last few years. Apical-out organoids can thus be used for disease modelling to compare differing effects on the basolateral versus the apical cell surface. However, these 'inside-out' organoids die relatively quickly and cannot be propagated as long as their basal-out counterparts. Here, we show that apical-out organoids have drastically reduced proliferative potential, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining and the incorporation of the thymidine analogue EdU. At the same time, cell death levels are increased. Nevertheless, these phenomena cannot be explained by an induction of differentiation, as the gene expression of key marker genes for various cell types does not change over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Csukovich
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Wagner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetBioBank, VetCoreVetmeduniViennaAustria
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group HistologyVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Pratscher
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Small Animal Internal MedicineVetmeduniViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gabriel V, Zdyrski C, Sahoo DK, Ralston A, Wickham H, Bourgois-Mochel A, Ahmed B, Merodio MM, Paukner K, Piñeyro P, Kopper J, Rowe EW, Smith JD, Meyerholz D, Kol A, Viall A, Elbadawy M, Mochel JP, Allenspach K. Adult Animal Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Biomedical Research and the One Health Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:701. [PMID: 38255775 PMCID: PMC10815683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical biomedical research is limited by the predictiveness of in vivo and in vitro models. While in vivo models offer the most complex system for experimentation, they are also limited by ethical, financial, and experimental constraints. In vitro models are simplified models that do not offer the same complexity as living animals but do offer financial affordability and more experimental freedom; therefore, they are commonly used. Traditional 2D cell lines cannot fully simulate the complexity of the epithelium of healthy organs and limit scientific progress. The One Health Initiative was established to consolidate human, animal, and environmental health while also tackling complex and multifactorial medical problems. Reverse translational research allows for the sharing of knowledge between clinical research in veterinary and human medicine. Recently, organoid technology has been developed to mimic the original organ's epithelial microstructure and function more reliably. While human and murine organoids are available, numerous other organoids have been derived from traditional veterinary animals and exotic species in the last decade. With these additional organoid models, species previously excluded from in vitro research are becoming accessible, therefore unlocking potential translational and reverse translational applications of animals with unique adaptations that overcome common problems in veterinary and human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (B.A.); (J.P.M.)
| | | | - Dipak K. Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.K.S.); (A.B.-M.); (J.K.)
| | - Abigail Ralston
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.Z.); (A.R.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (B.A.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.K.S.); (A.B.-M.); (J.K.)
| | - Basant Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (B.A.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Maria M. Merodio
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.Z.); (A.R.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Karel Paukner
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (P.P.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Jamie Kopper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.K.S.); (A.B.-M.); (J.K.)
| | - Eric W. Rowe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (B.A.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Jodi D. Smith
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (P.P.); (J.D.S.)
| | - David Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 94143, USA; (A.K.); (A.V.)
| | - Austin Viall
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 94143, USA; (A.K.); (A.V.)
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30530, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (H.W.); (B.A.); (J.P.M.)
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.Z.); (A.R.); (M.M.M.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30530, USA;
| | - Karin Allenspach
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.Z.); (A.R.); (M.M.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.K.S.); (A.B.-M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30530, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fey C, Truschel T, Nehlsen K, Damigos S, Horstmann J, Stradal T, May T, Metzger M, Zdzieblo D. Enhancing pre-clinical research with simplified intestinal cell line models. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241228949. [PMID: 38449469 PMCID: PMC10916479 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241228949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional culture remains widely employed to determine the bioavailability of orally delivered drugs. To gain more knowledge about drug uptake mechanisms and risk assessment for the patient after oral drug admission, intestinal in vitro models demonstrating a closer similarity to the in vivo situation are needed. In particular, Caco-2 cell-based Transwell® models show advantages as they are reproducible, cost-efficient, and standardized. However, cellular complexity is impaired and cell function is strongly modified as important transporters in the apical membrane are missing. To overcome these limitations, primary organoid-based human small intestinal tissue models were developed recently but the application of these cultures in pre-clinical research still represents an enormous challenge, as culture setup is complex as well as time- and cost-intensive. To overcome these hurdles, we demonstrate the establishment of primary organoid-derived intestinal cell lines by immortalization. Besides exhibiting cellular diversity of the organoid, these immortalized cell lines enable a standardized and more cost-efficient culture. Further, our cell line-based Transwell®-like models display an organ-specific epithelial barrier integrity, ultrastructural features and representative transport functions. Altogether, our novel model systems are cost-efficient with close similarity to the in vivo situation, therefore favoring their use in bioavailability studies in the context of pre-clinical screenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fey
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT) Würzburg, Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Spyridon Damigos
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Horstmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Marco Metzger
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT) Würzburg, Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zdzieblo
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies (TLZ-RT) Würzburg, Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering (PZ-SPT), Branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pratscher B, Kuropka B, Csukovich G, Doulidis PG, Spirk K, Kramer N, Freund P, Rodríguez-Rojas A, Burgener IA. Traces of Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reflected by Intestinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:576. [PMID: 38203746 PMCID: PMC10778911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects humans and several domestic animal species, including cats and dogs. In this study, we have analyzed duodenal organoids derived from canine IBD patients using quantitative proteomics. Our objective was to investigate whether these organoids show phenotypic traits of the disease compared with control organoids obtained from healthy donors. To this aim, IBD and control organoids were subjected to quantitative proteomics analysis via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The obtained data revealed notable differences between the two groups. The IBD organoids exhibited several alterations at the levels of multiple proteins that are consistent with some known IBD alterations. The observed phenotype in the IBD organoids to some degree mirrors the corresponding intestinal condition, rendering them a compelling approach for investigating the disease and advancing drug exploration. Additionally, our study revealed similarities to some human IBD biomarkers, further emphasizing the translational and comparative value of dogs for future investigations related to the causes and treatment of IBD. Relevant proteins such as CALU, FLNA, MSN and HMGA2, which are related to intestinal diseases, were all upregulated in the IBD duodenal organoids. At the same time, other proteins such as intestinal keratins and the mucosal immunity PIGR were depleted in these IBD organoids. Based on these findings, we propose that these organoids could serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions against canine IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pratscher
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Georg Csukovich
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Pavlos G. Doulidis
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Katrin Spirk
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Nina Kramer
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Patricia Freund
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Clinic for Small Animals, Division for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Small Animal and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.P.); (G.C.); (P.G.D.); (K.S.); (P.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heilmann RM, Csukovich G, Burgener IA, Dengler F. Time to eRAASe chronic inflammation: current advances and future perspectives on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system and chronic intestinal inflammation in dogs and humans. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1180125. [PMID: 37456955 PMCID: PMC10340121 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1180125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic idiopathic intestinal inflammation is an increasing worldwide problem that affects companion animals, especially dogs, and human patients. Although these disease entities have been intensely investigated recently, many questions remain, and alternative therapeutic options are needed. Diarrhea caused by dysregulation of intestinal electrolyte transport and subsequent fluid and electrolyte losses often leads to secondary consequences for the patient. Currently, it is not exactly clear which mechanisms are involved in the dysregulation of intestinal fluid absorption, but differences in intestinal electrolyte shifts between human and canine patients suggest species-specific regulatory or counterregulatory mechanisms. Several intestinal electrolyte transporters are differentially expressed in human patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), whereas there are virtually no studies on electrolyte transporters and their endocrine regulation in canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy. An important mechanism involved in regulating fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), which may affect intestinal Na+ transport. While RAAS has previously been considered a systemic regulator of blood pressure, additional complex roles of RAAS in inflammatory processes have been unraveled. These alternative RAAS pathways may pose attractive therapeutic targets to address diarrhea and, thus, electrolyte shifts in human IBD and canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy. This article comparatively summarizes the current knowledge about electrolyte transport in human IBD and canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy and the role of RAAS and offers perspectives for novel therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Csukovich
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Penning LC, van den Boom R. Companion animal organoid technology to advance veterinary regenerative medicine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1032835. [PMID: 37008367 PMCID: PMC10063859 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
First year medical and veterinary students are made very aware that drugs can have very different effects in various species or even in breeds of one specific species. On the other hand, the “One Medicine” concept implies that therapeutic and technical approaches are exchangeable between man and animals. These opposing views on the (dis)similarities between human and veterinary medicine are magnified in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine promises to stimulate the body's own regenerative capacity via activation of stem cells and/or the application of instructive biomaterials. Although the potential is enormous, so are the hurdles that need to be overcome before large scale clinical implementation is realistic. It is in the advancement of regenerative medicine that veterinary regenerative medicine can play an instrumental and crucial role. This review describes the discovery of (adult) stem cells in domesticated animals, mainly cats and dogs. The promise of cell-mediated regenerative veterinary medicine is compared to the actual achievements, and this will lead to a set of unanswered questions (controversies, research gaps, potential developments in relation to fundamental, pre-clinical, and clinical research). For veterinary regenerative medicine to have impact, either for human medicine and/or for domesticated animals, answering these questions is pivotal.
Collapse
|
9
|
Doulidis PG, Galler AI, Hausmann B, Berry D, Rodríguez-Rojas A, Burgener IA. Gut microbiome signatures of Yorkshire Terrier enteropathy during disease and remission. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4337. [PMID: 36927871 PMCID: PMC10018597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome in developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in humans and dogs has received attention in recent years. Evidence suggests that IBD is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition, but further research is needed in veterinary medicine. The impact of IBD treatment on the gut microbiome needs to be better understood, especially in a breed-specific form of IBD in Yorkshire Terriers known as Yorkshire Terrier Enteropathy (YTE). This study aimed to investigate the difference in gut microbiome composition between YTE dogs during disease and remission and healthy Yorkshire Terriers. Our results showed a significant increase in specific taxa such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Escherichia-Shigella, and Streptococcus, and a decrease in Bacteroides, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, and Phascolarctobacterium in YTE dogs compared to healthy controls. No significant difference was found between the microbiome of dogs in remission and those with active disease, suggesting that the gut microbiome is affected beyond clinical recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos G Doulidis
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra I Galler
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Department for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Csukovich G, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Gotic I, Freund P, Hahn R, Himmler G, Brandt S, Burgener IA. Neutralising Effects of Different Antibodies on Clostridioides difficile Toxins TcdA and TcdB in a Translational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043867. [PMID: 36835278 PMCID: PMC9962434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of intestinal disease in humans and animals, there is a strong need for clinically relevant models recapitulating gastrointestinal systems, ideally replacing in vivo models in accordance with the principles of the 3R. We established a canine organoid system and analysed the neutralising effects of recombinant versus natural antibodies on Clostridioides difficile toxins A and B in this in vitro system. Sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assays in 2D and FITC-dextran barrier integrity assays on basal-out and apical-out organoids revealed that recombinant, but not natural antibodies, effectively neutralised C. difficile toxins. Our findings emphasise that canine intestinal organoids can be used to test different components and suggest that they can be further refined to also mirror complex interactions between the intestinal epithelium and other cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Csukovich
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kramer
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Patricia Freund
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department for Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology (RGO), Clinical Unit of Equine Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan Anton Burgener
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raffo-Romero A, Aboulouard S, Bouchaert E, Rybicka A, Tierny D, Hajjaji N, Fournier I, Salzet M, Duhamel M. Establishment and characterization of canine mammary tumoroids for translational research. BMC Biol 2023; 21:23. [PMID: 36737789 PMCID: PMC9898911 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer heterogeneity is a main obstacle for the development of effective therapies, as its replication in in vitro preclinical models is challenging. Around 96% of developed drugs are estimated to fail from discovery to the clinical trial phase probably because of the unsuitability and unreliability of current preclinical models (Front Pharmacol 9:6, 2018; Nat Rev Cancer 8: 147-56, 2008) in replicating the overall biology of tumors, for instance the tumor microenvironment. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women causing the greatest number of cancer-related deaths. Breast cancer can typically be modeled in vitro through the use of tumoroids; however, current approaches using mouse tumoroids fail to reproduce crucial aspect of human breast cancer, while access to human cells is limited and the focus of ethical concerns. New models of breast cancer, such as companion dogs, have emerged given the resemblance of developed spontaneous mammary tumors to human breast cancer in many clinical and molecular aspects; however, they have so far failed to replicate the tumor microenvironment. The present work aimed at developing a robust canine mammary tumor model in the form of tumoroids which recapitulate the tumor diversity and heterogeneity. RESULTS We conducted a complete characterization of canine mammary tumoroids through histologic, molecular, and proteomic analysis, demonstrating their strong similarity to the primary tumor. We demonstrated that these tumoroids can be used as a drug screening model. In fact, we showed that paclitaxel, a human chemotherapeutic, could kill canine tumoroids with the same efficacy as human tumoroids with 0.1 to 1 μM of drug needed to kill 50% of the cells. Due to easy tissue availability, canine tumoroids can be produced at larger scale and cryopreserved to constitute a biobank. We have demonstrated that cryopreserved tumoroids keep the same histologic and molecular features (ER, PR, and HER2 expression) as fresh tumoroids. Furthermore, two cryopreservation techniques were compared from a proteomic point of view which showed that tumoroids made from frozen material allowed to maintain the same molecular diversity as from freshly dissociated tumor. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that canine mammary tumoroids can be easily generated and may provide an adequate and more reliable preclinical model to investigate tumorigenesis mechanisms and develop new treatments for both veterinary and human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Raffo-Romero
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France ,grid.487385.50000 0004 1789 0046OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté Lille Métropole, 80 Rue du Dr Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Agata Rybicka
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France ,grid.487385.50000 0004 1789 0046OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté Lille Métropole, 80 Rue du Dr Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Dominique Tierny
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France ,grid.487385.50000 0004 1789 0046OCR (Oncovet Clinical Research), Parc Eurasanté Lille Métropole, 80 Rue du Dr Yersin, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Nawale Hajjaji
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France ,grid.452351.40000 0001 0131 6312Breast Cancer Unit, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- grid.410463.40000 0004 0471 8845Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France ,grid.440891.00000 0001 1931 4817Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Marie Duhamel
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guevara-Garcia A, Soleilhac M, Minc N, Delacour D. Regulation and functions of cell division in the intestinal tissue. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00004-6. [PMID: 36702722 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing epithelial tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs to ensure correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, proliferation rates and division orientation regulate the speed, timing and direction of tissue expansion but also its proper patterning. Moreover, tissue homeostasis relies on spatio-temporal modulations of daughter cell behavior and arrangement. These aspects are particularly crucial in the intestine, which is one of the most proliferative tissues in adults, making it a very attractive adult organ system to study the role of cell division on epithelial morphogenesis and organ function. Although epithelial cell division has been the subject of intense research for many years in multiple models, it still remains in its infancy in the context of the intestinal tissue. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on cell division and regulatory mechanisms at play in the intestinal epithelial tissue, as well as their importance in developmental biology and physiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jergens AE, Heilmann RM. Canine chronic enteropathy—Current state-of-the-art and emerging concepts. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923013. [PMID: 36213409 PMCID: PMC9534534 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs have received great attention in the basic and clinical research arena. The 2010 ACVIM Consensus Statement, including guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for canine and feline CIE, was an important milestone to a more standardized approach to patients suspected of a CIE diagnosis. Great strides have been made since understanding the pathogenesis and classification of CIE in dogs, and novel diagnostic and treatment options have evolved. New concepts in the microbiome-host-interaction, metabolic pathways, crosstalk within the mucosal immune system, and extension to the gut-brain axis have emerged. Novel diagnostics have been developed, the clinical utility of which remains to be critically evaluated in the next coming years. New directions are also expected to lead to a larger spectrum of treatment options tailored to the individual patient. This review offers insights into emerging concepts and future directions proposed for further CIE research in dogs for the next decade to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Albert E. Jergens
| | - Romy M. Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Csukovich G, Pratscher B, Burgener IA. The World of Organoids: Gastrointestinal Disease Modelling in the Age of 3R and One Health with Specific Relevance to Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182461. [PMID: 36139322 PMCID: PMC9495014 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One Health describes the importance of considering humans, animals, and the environment in health research. One Health and the 3R concept, i.e., the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal experimentation, shape today’s research more and more. The development of organoids from many different organs and animals led to the development of highly sophisticated model systems trying to replace animal experiments. Organoids may be used for disease modelling in various ways elucidating the manifold host–pathogen interactions. This review provides an overview of disease modelling approaches using organoids of different kinds with a special focus on animal organoids and gastrointestinal diseases. We also provide an outlook on how the research field of organoids might develop in the coming years and what opportunities organoids hold for in-depth disease modelling and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma P, Fang P, Ren T, Fang L, Xiao S. Porcine Intestinal Organoids: Overview of the State of the Art. Viruses 2022; 14:1110. [PMID: 35632851 PMCID: PMC9147602 DOI: 10.3390/v14051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a crucial part of the body for growth and development, and its dysregulation can cause several diseases. The lack of appropriate in vitro models hampers the development of effective preventions and treatments against these intestinal tract diseases. Intestinal organoids are three-dimensional (3D) polarized structures composed of different types of cells capable of self-organization and self-renewal, resembling their organ of origin in architecture and function. Porcine intestinal organoids (PIOs) have been cultured and are used widely in agricultural, veterinary, and biomedical research. Based on the similarity of the genomic sequence, anatomic morphology, and drug metabolism with humans and the difficulty in obtaining healthy human tissue, PIOs are also considered ideal models relative to rodents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on PIOs, emphasizing their culturing, establishment and development, and applications in the study of host-microbe interactions, nutritional development, drug discovery, and gene editing potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.M.); (T.R.); (L.F.); (S.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.M.); (T.R.); (L.F.); (S.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianze Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.M.); (T.R.); (L.F.); (S.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.M.); (T.R.); (L.F.); (S.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (P.M.); (T.R.); (L.F.); (S.X.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kawasaki M, Goyama T, Tachibana Y, Nagao I, Ambrosini YM. Farm and Companion Animal Organoid Models in Translational Research: A Powerful Tool to Bridge the Gap Between Mice and Humans. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:895379. [PMID: 35647577 PMCID: PMC9133531 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.895379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal organoid models derived from farm and companion animals have great potential to contribute to human health as a One Health initiative, which recognize a close inter-relationship among humans, animals and their shared environment and adopt multi-and trans-disciplinary approaches to optimize health outcomes. With recent advances in organoid technology, studies on farm and companion animal organoids have gained more attention in various fields including veterinary medicine, translational medicine and biomedical research. Not only is this because three-dimensional organoids possess unique characteristics from traditional two-dimensional cell cultures including their self-organizing and self-renewing properties and high structural and functional similarities to the originating tissue, but also because relative to conventional genetically modified or artificially induced murine models, companion animal organoids can provide an excellent model for spontaneously occurring diseases which resemble human diseases. These features of companion animal organoids offer a paradigm-shifting approach in biomedical research and improve translatability of in vitro studies to subsequent in vivo studies with spontaneously diseased animals while reducing the use of conventional animal models prior to human clinical trials. Farm animal organoids also could play an important role in investigations of the pathophysiology of zoonotic and reproductive diseases by contributing to public health and improving agricultural production. Here, we discuss a brief history of organoids and the most recent updates on farm and companion animal organoids, followed by discussion on their potential in public health, food security, and comparative medicine as One Health initiatives. We highlight recent evolution in the culturing of organoids and their integration with organ-on-a-chip systems to overcome current limitations in in vitro studies. We envision multidisciplinary work integrating organoid culture and organ-on-a-chip technology can contribute to improving both human and animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minae Kawasaki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Takashi Goyama
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Yurika Tachibana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Itsuma Nagao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Galler AI, Klavins K, Burgener IA. A Preliminary Metabolomic Study of Yorkshire Terrier Enteropathy. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030264. [PMID: 35323707 PMCID: PMC8954012 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of metabolite profiles in human and canine enteropathies have been reported before. However, data in dogs are scarce and inconsistent. Currently, the metabolite profile in Yorkshire Terrier enteropathy (YTE) and the impact of treatment is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the plasma metabolome of 13 Yorkshire Terriers with YTE and compare it to 20 healthy Yorkshire Terriers. Furthermore, we studied the impact of treatment on the metabolome. In this prospective observational study, plasma metabolite profiles were analyzed by flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a targeted metabolomics kit. Metabolite analysis revealed that YTE is accompanied by changes in lipid and bile acid metabolism. YTE was associated with a significant decrease of long-chain fatty acids (octadecenoic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid) and lower levels of long-chain acylcarnitines (tetradecanoylcarnitine, hexadecanoylcarnitine, hexadecenoylcarnitine, octadecenoylcarnitine) compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, taurodeoxycholic acid, a secondary bile acid, was decreased in plasma from YTE patients. These changes might be breed-specific and might be involved in the pathogenesis of YTE. Interestingly, changes in metabolite levels were not recovered after treatment and differed considerably from healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Galler
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka St 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Pulka St 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Iwan A. Burgener
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kopper JJ, Iennarella-Servantez C, Jergens AE, Sahoo DK, Guillot E, Bourgois-Mochel A, Martinez MN, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Harnessing the Biology of Canine Intestinal Organoids to Heighten Understanding of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis and Accelerate Drug Discovery: A One Health Approach. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:773953. [PMID: 35295115 PMCID: PMC8915821 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.773953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent issue of the Lancet, the prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) was estimated at 7 million worldwide. Overall, the burden of IBD is rising globally, with direct and indirect healthcare costs ranging between $14.6 and $31.6 billion in the U.S. alone in 2014. There is currently no cure for IBD, and up to 40% of patients do not respond to medical therapy. Although the exact determinants of the disease pathophysiology remain unknown, the prevailing hypothesis involves complex interplay among host genetics, the intestinal microenvironment (primarily bacteria and dietary constituents), and the mucosal immune system. Importantly, multiple chronic diseases leading to high morbidity and mortality in modern western societies, including type II diabetes, IBD and colorectal cancer, have epidemiologically been linked to the consumption of high-calorie, low-fiber, high monosaccharide, and high-fat diets (HFD). More specifically, data from our laboratory and others have shown that repeated consumption of HFD triggers dysbiotic changes of the gut microbiome concomitant with a state of chronic intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. However, progress in our understanding of the effect of dietary interventions on IBD pathogenesis has been hampered by a lack of relevant animal models. Additionally, current in vitro cell culture systems are unable to emulate the in vivo interplay between the gut microbiome and the intestinal epithelium in a realistic and translatable way. There remains, therefore, a critical need to develop translatable in vitro and in vivo models that faithfully recapitulate human gut-specific physiological functions to facilitate detailed mechanistic studies on the impact of dietary interventions on gut homeostasis. While the study of murine models has been pivotal in advancing genetic and cellular discoveries, these animal systems often lack key clinical signs and temporal pathological changes representative of IBD. Specifically, some limitations of the mouse model are associated with the use of genetic knockouts to induce immune deficiency and disease. This is vastly different from the natural course of IBD developing in immunologically competent hosts, as is the case in humans and dogs. Noteworthily, abundant literature suggests that canine and human IBD share common clinical and molecular features, such that preclinical studies in dogs with naturally occurring IBD present an opportunity to further our understanding on disease pathogenesis and streamline the development of new therapeutic strategies. Using a stepwise approach, in vitro mechanistic studies investigating the contribution of dietary interventions to chronic intestinal inflammation and "gut leakiness" could be performed in intestinal organoids and organoid derived monolayers. The biologic potential of organoids stems from the method's ability to harness hard-wired cellular programming such that the complexity of the disease background can be reflected more accurately. Likewise, the effect of therapeutic drug candidates could be evaluated in organoids prior to longitudinal studies in dog and human patients with IBD. In this review, we will discuss the value (and limitations) of intestinal organoids derived from a spontaneous animal disease model of IBD (i.e., the dog), and how it can heighten understanding of the interplay between dietary interventions, the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. We will also review how intestinal organoids could be used to streamline the preclinical development of therapeutic drug candidates for IBD patients and their best four-legged friends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kopper
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chelsea Iennarella-Servantez
- SMART Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Dipak K Sahoo
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emilie Guillot
- 3D Health Solutions, Inc., ISU Research Park, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Marilyn N Martinez
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,3D Health Solutions, Inc., ISU Research Park, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,SMART Translational Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States.,3D Health Solutions, Inc., ISU Research Park, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li H, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang H, Cui A, Zhao J, Ji W, Chen YG. Establishment of porcine and monkey colonic organoids for drug toxicity study. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:32. [PMID: 34599392 PMCID: PMC8486901 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pig and monkey are widely used models for exploration of human diseases and evaluation of drug efficiency and toxicity, but high cost limits their uses. Organoids have been shown to be promising models for drug test as they reasonably preserve tissue structure and functions. However, colonic organoids of pig and monkey are not yet established. Here, we report a culture medium to support the growth of porcine and monkey colonic organoids. Wnt signaling and PGE2 are important for long-term expansion of the organoids, and their withdrawal results in lineage differentiation to mature cells. Furthermore, we observe that porcine colonic organoids are closer to human colonic organoids in terms of drug toxicity response. Successful establishment of porcine and monkey colonic organoids would facilitate the mechanistic investigation of the homeostatic regulation of the intestine of these animals and is useful for drug development and toxicity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengxian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Along Cui
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Max-Planck Center for Tissue Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Much interest has been directed towards stem cells, both in basic and translational research, to understand basic stem cell biology and to develop new therapies for many disorders. In general, stem cells can be cultured with relative ease, however, most common culture methods for stem cells employ 2D techniques using plastic. These cultures do not well represent the stem cell niches in the body, which are delicate microenvironments composed of not only stem cells, but also supporting stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and growth factors. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have been seeking optimal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, and these might be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures recapitulate the in vivo cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions more effectively, and the cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics. The culture of stem cells in 3D may employ various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to the cells, to support the complex structures. The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cells and culture techniques, and also highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joni H Ylostalo
- Department of Biology, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, 900 College Street, Box 8432., Belton, TX 76513, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tekes G, Ehmann R, Boulant S, Stanifer ML. Development of Feline Ileum- and Colon-Derived Organoids and Their Potential Use to Support Feline Coronavirus Infection. Cells 2020; 9:E2085. [PMID: 32932592 PMCID: PMC7563363 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) infect both wild and domestic cat populations world-wide. FCoVs present as two main biotypes: the mild feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and the fatal feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). FIPV develops through mutations from FECV during a persistence infection. So far, the molecular mechanism of FECV-persistence and contributing factors for FIPV development may not be studied, since field FECV isolates do not grow in available cell culture models. In this work, we aimed at establishing feline ileum and colon organoids that allow the propagation of field FECVs. We have determined the best methods to isolate, culture and passage feline ileum and colon organoids. Importantly, we have demonstrated using GFP-expressing recombinant field FECV that colon organoids are able to support infection of FECV, which were unable to infect traditional feline cell culture models. These organoids in combination with recombinant FECVs can now open the door to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which FECV can persist in the gut for a longer period of time and how transition to FIPV is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Tekes
- Institute of Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rosina Ehmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany;
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Research Group “Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megan L. Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|