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Asif M, Khayyat AIA, Alawbathani S, Abdullah U, Sanner A, Georgomanolis T, Haasters J, Becker K, Budde B, Becker C, Thiele H, Baig SM, Isidoro-García M, Winter D, Pogoda HM, Muhammad S, Hammerschmidt M, Kraft F, Kurth I, Martin HG, Wagner M, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS. Biallelic loss-of-function variants of ZFTRAF1 cause neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly and hypotonia. Genet Med 2024; 26:101143. [PMID: 38641995 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neurodevelopmental disorders exhibit clinical and genetic heterogeneity, ergo manifest dysfunction in components of diverse cellular pathways; the precise pathomechanism for the majority remains elusive. METHODS We studied 5 affected individuals from 3 unrelated families manifesting global developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, and hypotonia. We used exome sequencing and prioritized variants that were subsequently characterized using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, pulldown assays, and RNA sequencing. RESULTS We identified biallelic variants in ZFTRAF1, encoding a protein of yet unknown function. Four affected individuals from 2 unrelated families segregated 2 homozygous frameshift variants in ZFTRAF1, whereas, in the third family, an intronic splice site variant was detected. We investigated ZFTRAF1 at the cellular level and signified it as a nucleocytoplasmic protein in different human cell lines. ZFTRAF1 was completely absent in the fibroblasts of 2 affected individuals. We also identified 110 interacting proteins enriched in mRNA processing and autophagy-related pathways. Based on profiling of autophagy markers, patient-derived fibroblasts show irregularities in the protein degradation process. CONCLUSION Thus, our findings suggest that biallelic variants of ZFTRAF1 cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Salem Alawbathani
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; GenAlive Lab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anne Sanner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Theodoros Georgomanolis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Haasters
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shahid M Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Health Services Academy (HSA), Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination (MNHSR&C), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - María Isidoro-García
- Reference Unit for Rare Diseases DiERCyL, Clinical Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Medicine Department, University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Pogoda
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hilario Gomez Martin
- Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, INCYL member, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Matias Wagner
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Ghosh R, Fatahian AN, Rouzbehani OMT, Hathaway MA, Mosleh T, Vinod V, Vowles S, Stephens SL, Chung SLD, Cao ID, Jonnavithula A, Symons JD, Boudina S. Sequestosome 1 (p62) mitigates hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:531-547. [PMID: 38332738 PMCID: PMC11060490 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. A major contributing factor to IHD-induced cardiac damage is hypoxia. Sequestosome 1 (p62) is a multi-functional adaptor protein with pleiotropic roles in autophagy, proteostasis, inflammation, and cancer. Despite abundant expression in cardiomyocytes, the role of p62 in cardiac physiology is not well understood. We hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-specific p62 deletion evokes hypoxia-induced cardiac pathology by impairing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult mice with germline deletion of cardiomyocyte p62 exhibited mild cardiac dysfunction under normoxic conditions. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a selective impairment in Nrf2 target genes in the hearts from these mice. Demonstrating the functional importance of this adaptor protein, adult mice with inducible depletion of cardiomyocyte p62 displayed hypoxia-induced contractile dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death. Mechanistically, p62-depleted hearts exhibit impaired Hif-1α and Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Because findings from these two murine models suggested a cardioprotective role for p62, mechanisms were evaluated using H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Loss of p62 in H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia reduced Hif-1α and Nrf2 protein levels. Further, the lack of p62 decreased Nrf2 protein expression, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity. Repressed Nrf2 activity associated with heightened Nrf2-Keap1 co-localization in p62-deficient cells, which was concurrent with increased Nrf2 ubiquitination facilitated by the E3 ligase Cullin 3, followed by proteasomal-mediated degradation. Substantiating our results, a gain of p62 in H9c2 cells stabilized Nrf2 and increased the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 downstream targets. CONCLUSION Cardiac p62 mitigates hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction by stabilizing Hif-1α and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwary Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amir Nima Fatahian
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Omid M T Rouzbehani
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marissa A Hathaway
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tariq Mosleh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Vishaka Vinod
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sidney Vowles
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sophie L Stephens
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Siu-Lai Desmond Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Isaac D Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anila Jonnavithula
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program (U2M2), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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3
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Bugga P, Manning JR, Mushala BAS, Stoner MW, Sembrat J, Scott I. GCN5L1-mediated acetylation prevents Rictor degradation in cardiac cells after hypoxic stress. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111065. [PMID: 38281616 PMCID: PMC10922666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis are the leading causes of mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. As such, these processes represent potential therapeutic targets to treat heart failure resulting from ischemic insult. We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial acetyltransferase protein GCN5L1 regulates cardiomyocyte cytoprotective signaling in ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in vitro. The current study investigated the mechanism underlying GCN5L1-mediated regulation of the Akt/mTORC2 cardioprotective signaling pathway. Rictor protein levels in cardiac tissues from human ischemic heart disease patients were significantly decreased relative to non-ischemic controls. Rictor protein levels were similarly decreased in cardiac AC16 cells following hypoxic stress, while mRNA levels remained unchanged. The reduction in Rictor protein levels after hypoxia was enhanced by the knockdown of GCN5L1, and was blocked by GCN5L1 overexpression. These findings correlated with changes in Rictor lysine acetylation, which were mediated by GCN5L1 acetyltransferase activity. Rictor degradation was regulated by proteasomal activity, which was antagonized by increased Rictor acetylation. Finally, we found that GCN5L1 knockdown restricted cytoprotective Akt signaling, in conjunction with decreased mTOR abundance and activity. In summary, these studies suggest that GCN5L1 promotes cardioprotective Akt/mTORC2 signaling by maintaining Rictor protein levels through enhanced lysine acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesha Bugga
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Janet R Manning
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Bellina A S Mushala
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Michael W Stoner
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America
| | - Iain Scott
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America; Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America.
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4
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Kodogo V, Viljoen C, Hoevelmann J, Chakafana G, Tromp J, Farhan HA, Goland S, van der Meer P, Karaye K, Kryczka K, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Jackson A, Mebazaa A, Böhm M, Pieske B, Bauersachs J, Bell L, Sliwa K. Proteomic Profiling in Patients With Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: A Biomarker Study of the ESC EORP PPCM Registry. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:1708-1725. [PMID: 37804308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) remains an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally. The pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, and the diagnosis is often missed or delayed. OBJECTIVES This study explored the serum proteome profile of patients with newly diagnosed PPCM, as compared with matched healthy postpartum mothers, to unravel novel protein biomarkers that would further an understanding of the pathogenesis of PPCM and improve diagnostic precision. METHODS Study investigators performed untargeted serum proteome profiling using data-independent acquisition-based label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on 84 patients with PPCM, as compared with 29 postpartum healthy controls (HCs). Significant changes in protein intensities were determined with nonpaired Student's t-tests and were further classified by using the Boruta algorithm. The proteins' diagnostic performance was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) and validated using the 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS Patients with PPCM presented with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 33.5% ± 9.3% vs 57.0% ± 8.8% in HCs (P < 0.001). Study investigators identified 15 differentially up-regulated and 14 down-regulated proteins in patients with PPCM compared with HCs. Seven of these proteins were recognized as significant by the Boruta algorithm. The combination of adiponectin, quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide had the best diagnostic precision (AUC: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84-0.96) to distinguish patients with PPCM from HCs. CONCLUSIONS Salient biologic themes related to immune response proteins, inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and coagulation were predominant in patients with PPCM compared with HCs. These newly identified proteins warrant further evaluation to establish their role in the pathogenesis of PPCM and potential use as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaris Kodogo
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charle Viljoen
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julian Hoevelmann
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine III-Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Graham Chakafana
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Jasper Tromp
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and the National University Health System, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Sorel Goland
- Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, affiliated with the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kamilu Karaye
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Alice Jackson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Paris Cité University, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Cardiovascular MArkers in Stress Conditions (MASCOT), Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Saint Louis Lariboisière Hospitals, Public Assistance Hospital of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michael Böhm
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Internal Medicine Clinic III -Cardiology, Angiology, and Internist Intensive Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liam Bell
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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5
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Xu L, Wang J, Yu H, Mei H, He P, Wang M, Liu Y, Fan Q, Chen Y, Li Y, Liu F. GLIS1 alleviates cell senescence and renal fibrosis through PGC1-α mediated mitochondrial quality control in kidney aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:171-184. [PMID: 37852548 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implied as a crucial factor in age-related chronic kidney disease. It is confirmed that Gli-like transcription factor 1 (GLIS1) is involved in age-related renal fibrosis, however, the correlation between mitochondrial disturbances and GLIS1-driven kidney aging are not clearly clarified. Thus, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of GLIS1 in the homeostasis of mitochondrial quality control both in vivo and in vitro. The lower expression of GLIS1 was identified in natural and accelerated kidney aged models, accompanied by the dysfunctions of mitochondrial quality control, including enhanced mitochondrial fission, reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, whereas, GLIS1 could maintain mitochondrial stability by interacting with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC1-α). Additionally, the over-expressed GLIS1 inhibited extracellular matrix accumulation and alleviated renal fibrosis while siGLIS1 inhibited PGC1-α transcription, as well as affecting its mitochondria-protective functions. Collectively, we demonstrated that GLIS1 mediated mitochondrial quality control through targeting PGC1-α in kidney aging, which might be a promising therapeutic target for attenuating cell senescence and age-related renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524003, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hang Mei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200086, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, 110002, China.
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6
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Bugga P, Manning JR, Mushala BA, Stoner MW, Sembrat J, Scott I. GCN5L1-mediated acetylation prevents Rictor degradation in cardiac cells after hypoxic stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564170. [PMID: 37961692 PMCID: PMC10634848 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis are the leading causes of mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease. As such, these processes represent potential therapeutic targets to treat heart failure resulting from ischemic insult. We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial acetyltransferase protein GCN5L1 regulates cardiomyocyte cytoprotective signaling in ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo and hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in vitro. The current study investigated the mechanism underlying GCN5L1-mediated regulation of the Akt/mTORC2 cardioprotective signaling pathway. Rictor protein levels in cardiac tissues from human ischemic heart disease patients were significantly decreased relative to non-ischemic controls. Rictor protein levels were similarly decreased in cardiac AC16 cells following hypoxic stress, while mRNA levels remained unchanged. The reduction in Rictor protein levels after hypoxia was enhanced by the knockdown of GCN5L1, and was blocked by GCN5L1 overexpression. These findings correlated with changes in Rictor lysine acetylation, which were mediated by GCN5L1 acetyltransferase activity. Rictor degradation was regulated by proteasomal activity, which was antagonized by increased Rictor acetylation. Finally, we found that GCN5L1 knockdown restricted cytoprotective Akt signaling, in conjunction with decreased mTOR abundance and activity. In summary, these studies suggest that GCN5L1 promotes cardioprotective Akt/mTORC2 signaling by maintaining Rictor protein levels through enhanced lysine acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesha Bugga
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Janet R. Manning
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Bellina A.S. Mushala
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Michael W. Stoner
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Iain Scott
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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7
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Cheng F, Ji Q, Wang L, Wang C, Liu G, Wang L. Reducing oxidative protein folding alleviates senescence by minimizing ER-to-nucleus H 2 O 2 release. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56439. [PMID: 37306027 PMCID: PMC10398651 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative protein folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to generate disulfide bonds, and the by-product is hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). However, the relationship between oxidative protein folding and senescence remains uncharacterized. Here, we find that the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a key oxidoreductase that catalyzes oxidative protein folding, accumulated in aged human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and deletion of PDI alleviated hMSCs senescence. Mechanistically, knocking out PDI slows the rate of oxidative protein folding and decreases the leakage of ER-derived H2 O2 into the nucleus, thereby decreasing the expression of SERPINE1, which was identified as a key driver of cell senescence. Furthermore, we show that depletion of PDI alleviated senescence in various cell models of aging. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of oxidative protein folding in promoting cell aging, providing a potential target for aging and aging-related disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qianzhao Ji
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lu Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chih‐chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guang‐Hui Liu
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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8
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Coradduzza D, Congiargiu A, Chen Z, Cruciani S, Zinellu A, Carru C, Medici S. Humanin and Its Pathophysiological Roles in Aging: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040558. [PMID: 37106758 PMCID: PMC10135985 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence is a cellular aging process in all multicellular organisms. It is characterized by a decline in cellular functions and proliferation, resulting in increased cellular damage and death. These conditions play an essential role in aging and significantly contribute to the development of age-related complications. Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), encoded by mitochondrial DNA, playing a cytoprotective role to preserve mitochondrial function and cell viability under stressful and senescence conditions. For these reasons, humanin can be exploited in strategies aiming to counteract several processes involved in aging, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Relevance of these conditions to aging and disease: Senescence appears to be involved in the decay in organ and tissue function, it has also been related to the development of age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular conditions, cancer, and diabetes. In particular, senescent cells produce inflammatory cytokines and other pro-inflammatory molecules that can participate to the development of such diseases. Humanin, on the other hand, seems to contrast the development of such conditions, and it is also known to play a role in these diseases by promoting the death of damaged or malfunctioning cells and contributing to the inflammation often associated with them. Both senescence and humanin-related mechanisms are complex processes that have not been fully clarified yet. Further research is needed to thoroughly understand the role of such processes in aging and disease and identify potential interventions to target them in order to prevent or treat age-related conditions. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to assess the potential mechanisms underlying the link connecting senescence, humanin, aging, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhichao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Control Quality Unit, Azienda-Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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9
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Cho JM, Park SK, Kwon OS, Taylor La Salle D, Cerbie J, Fermoyle CC, Morgan D, Nelson A, Bledsoe A, Bharath LP, Tandar M, Kunapuli SP, Richardson RS, Anandh Babu PV, Mookherjee S, Kishore BK, Wang F, Yang T, Boudina S, Trinity JD, Symons JD. Activating P2Y1 receptors improves function in arteries with repressed autophagy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:252-267. [PMID: 35420120 PMCID: PMC10236004 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The importance of endothelial cell (EC) autophagy to vascular homeostasis in the context of health and disease is evolving. Earlier, we reported that intact EC autophagy is requisite to maintain shear-stress-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation via glycolysis-dependent purinergic signalling to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Here, we illustrate the translational and functional significance of these findings. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we assessed translational relevance using older male humans and mice that exhibit blunted EC autophagy and impaired arterial function vs. adult controls. Active hyperaemia evoked by rhythmic handgrip exercise-elevated radial artery shear-rate similarly from baseline in adult and older subjects for 60 min. Compared with baseline, indexes of autophagy initiation, p-eNOSS1177 activation, and NO generation, occurred in radial artery ECs obtained from adult but not older volunteers. Regarding mice, indexes of autophagy and p-eNOSS1177 activation were robust in ECs from adult but not older animals that completed 60-min treadmill-running. Furthermore, 20 dyne • cm2 laminar shear stress × 45-min increased autophagic flux, glycolysis, ATP production, and p-eNOSS1177 in primary arterial ECs obtained from adult but not older mice. Concerning functional relevance, we next questioned whether the inability to initiate EC autophagy, glycolysis, and p-eNOSS1177in vitro precipitates arterial dysfunction ex vivo. Compromised intraluminal flow-mediated vasodilation displayed by arteries from older vs. adult mice was recapitulated in vessels from adult mice by (i) NO synthase inhibition; (ii) acute autophagy impairment using 3-methyladenine (3-MA); (iii) EC Atg3 depletion (iecAtg3KO mice); (iv) purinergic 2Y1-receptor (P2Y1-R) blockade; and (v) germline depletion of P2Y1-Rs. Importantly, P2Y1-R activation using 2-methylthio-ADP (2-Me-ADP) improved vasodilatory capacity in arteries from (i) adult mice treated with 3-MA; (ii) adult iecAtg3KO mice; and (iii) older animals with repressed EC autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Arterial dysfunction concurrent with pharmacological, genetic, and age-associated EC autophagy compromise is improved by activating P2Y1-Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Cho
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - David Taylor La Salle
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Cerbie
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Caitlin C Fermoyle
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David Morgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ashley Nelson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amber Bledsoe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Leena P Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Megan Tandar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Sohom Mookherjee
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bellamkonda K Kishore
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Nephrology Research, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Nephrology Research, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Nephrology Research, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joel D Trinity
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Program in Molecular Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Werbner B, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Fatahian AN, Boudina S. The dynamic interplay between cardiac mitochondrial health and myocardial structural remodeling in metabolic heart disease, aging, and heart failure. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 36742465 PMCID: PMC9894375 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a holistic perspective on the bi-directional relationship between cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial structural remodeling in the context of metabolic heart disease, natural cardiac aging, and heart failure. First, a review of the physiologic and molecular drivers of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction across a range of increasingly prevalent conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiac aging is presented, followed by a general review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control (QC) in the heart. Several important mechanisms by which cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction triggers or contributes to structural remodeling of the heart are discussed: accumulated metabolic byproducts, oxidative damage, impaired mitochondrial QC, and mitochondrial-mediated cell death identified as substantial mechanistic contributors to cardiac structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Subsequently, the less studied but nevertheless important reverse relationship is explored: the mechanisms by which cardiac structural remodeling feeds back to further alter mitochondrial bioenergetic function. We then provide a condensed pathogenesis of several increasingly important clinical conditions in which these relationships are central: diabetic cardiomyopathy, age-associated declines in cardiac function, and the progression to heart failure, with or without preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we identify promising therapeutic opportunities targeting mitochondrial function in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werbner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Amir Nima Fatahian
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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11
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Cho JM, Ghosh R, Mookherjee S, Boudina S, Symons JD. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Run ! : 4 Rs to improve cardiac health in advanced age. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9388-9392. [PMID: 36470665 PMCID: PMC9792203 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
During the aging process damaged/dysfunctional proteins and organelles accumulate and contribute to organ dysfunction. Luckily, there is a conserved intracellular process to reuse and recycle these dysregulated cellular components termed macroautophagy (autophagy). Unfortunately, strong evidence indicates autophagy is compromised with aging, protein quality control is jeopardized, and resultant proteotoxicity can contribute significantly to age-associated organ dysfunction. Are there interventions that can re-establish autophagic flux that is otherwise impaired with aging? With particular regard to the heart, here we review evidence that caloric-restriction, the polyamine spermidine, and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, even when initiated late-in-life, restore cardiomyocyte autophagy to an extent that lessens age-associated cardiac dysfunction. Cho et al. provide a physiological intervention to this list i.e., regular physical exercise initiated late-in-life boosts cardiomyocyte autophagic flux and rejuvenates cardiac function in male mice. While this study provides strong evidence for a mechanism whereby heightened physical activity can lead to improved heart health in the context of aging, (i) only male mice were studied; (ii) the intensity of exercise-training might not be suitable for all; and (iii) mice with aging-associated comorbidities were not investigated. Nonetheless, Cho et al. provide robust evidence that a low-cost and simple behavioral intervention initiated late-in-life improves cardiomyocyte autophagic flux and rejuvenates cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Cho
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rajeshwary Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sohom Mookherjee
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J. David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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12
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Labarrere CA, Kassab GS. Glutathione: A Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1007816. [PMID: 36386929 PMCID: PMC9664149 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1007816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many local and systemic diseases especially diseases that are leading causes of death globally like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis with ischemic heart disease and stroke, cancer and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), involve both, (1) oxidative stress with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lower glutathione (GSH) levels, and (2) inflammation. The GSH tripeptide (γ- L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine), the most abundant water-soluble non-protein thiol in the cell (1-10 mM) is fundamental for life by (a) sustaining the adequate redox cell signaling needed to maintain physiologic levels of oxidative stress fundamental to control life processes, and (b) limiting excessive oxidative stress that causes cell and tissue damage. GSH activity is facilitated by activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) redox regulator pathway, releasing Nrf2 that regulates expression of genes controlling antioxidant, inflammatory and immune system responses. GSH exists in the thiol-reduced (>98% of total GSH) and disulfide-oxidized (GSSG) forms, and the concentrations of GSH and GSSG and their molar ratio are indicators of the functionality of the cell. GSH depletion may play a central role in inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 pathophysiology, host immune response and disease severity and mortality. Therapies enhancing GSH could become a cornerstone to reduce severity and fatal outcomes of inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 and increasing GSH levels may prevent and subdue these diseases. The life value of GSH makes for a paramount research field in biology and medicine and may be key against systemic inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this review, we emphasize on (1) GSH depletion as a fundamental risk factor for diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis (ischemic heart disease and stroke), (2) importance of oxidative stress and antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, (3) significance of GSH to counteract persistent damaging inflammation, inflammaging and early (premature) inflammaging associated with cell and tissue damage caused by excessive oxidative stress and lack of adequate antioxidant defenses in younger individuals, and (4) new therapies that include antioxidant defenses restoration.
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13
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Park SK, Cho JM, Mookherjee S, Pires PW, David Symons J. Recent Insights Concerning Autophagy and Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Generation. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Xie X, Shu R, Yu C, Fu Z, Li Z. Mammalian AKT, the Emerging Roles on Mitochondrial Function in Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:157-174. [PMID: 35111368 PMCID: PMC8782557 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a crucial role in various diseases due to its roles in the regulation of energy production and cellular metabolism. Serine/threonine kinase (AKT) is a highly recognized antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferation, and endocrine modulatory molecule. Interestingly, increasing studies have revealed that AKT can modulate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, redox states, dynamic balance, autophagy, and metabolism. AKT thus plays multifaceted roles in mitochondrial function and is involved in the modulation of mitochondria-related diseases. This paper reviews the protective effects of AKT and its potential mechanisms of action in relation to mitochondrial function in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunan Yu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- 2Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Dabravolski SA, Sukhorukov VN, Kalmykov VA, Orekhov NA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Heat Shock Protein 90 as Therapeutic Target for CVDs and Heart Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020649. [PMID: 35054835 PMCID: PMC8775949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, representing approximately 32% of all deaths worldwide. Molecular chaperones are involved in heart protection against stresses and age-mediated accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins by regulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance and refolding of misfolded proteins, thus supporting the high metabolic demand of the heart cells. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is one of the main cardioprotective chaperones, represented by cytosolic HSP90a and HSP90b, mitochondrial TRAP1 and ER-localised Grp94 isoforms. Currently, the main way to study the functional role of HSPs is the application of HSP inhibitors, which could have a different way of action. In this review, we discussed the recently investigated role of HSP90 proteins in cardioprotection, atherosclerosis, CVDs development and the involvements of HSP90 clients in the activation of different molecular pathways and signalling mechanisms, related to heart ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.S.); (V.A.K.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Russian Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, 15-a 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Str., 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav A. Kalmykov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.S.); (V.A.K.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 4-1-207 Osennyaya Str., 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Str., 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 4-1-207 Osennyaya Str., 121609 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.O.); (A.N.O.)
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16
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Loescher CM, Hobbach AJ, Linke WA. Titin (TTN): from molecule to modifications, mechanics and medical significance. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2903-2918. [PMID: 34662387 PMCID: PMC9648829 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant sarcomere protein titin is a major determinant of cardiomyocyte stiffness and contributor to cardiac strain sensing. Titin-based forces are highly regulated in health and disease, which aids in the regulation of myocardial function, including cardiac filling and output. Due to the enormous size, complexity, and malleability of the titin molecule, titin properties are also vulnerable to dysregulation, as observed in various cardiac disorders. This review provides an overview of how cardiac titin properties can be changed at a molecular level, including the role isoform diversity and post-translational modifications (acetylation, oxidation, and phosphorylation) play in regulating myocardial stiffness and contractility. We then consider how this regulation becomes unbalanced in heart disease, with an emphasis on changes in titin stiffness and protein quality control. In this context, new insights into the key pathomechanisms of human cardiomyopathy due to a truncation in the titin gene (TTN) are discussed. Along the way, we touch on the potential for titin to be therapeutically targeted to treat acquired or inherited cardiac conditions, such as HFpEF or TTN-truncation cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Loescher
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, Münster, 48149 Germany
| | - Anastasia J Hobbach
- Department of Cardiology I, Coronary, Peripheral Vascular Disease and Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27B, Münster, 48149 Germany
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17
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Possibility of Venous Serum Cl - Concentration ([Cl -] s) as a Marker for Human Metabolic Status: Correlation of [Cl -] s to Age, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011111. [PMID: 34681771 PMCID: PMC8537275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The HCO3− concentration in venous serum ([HCO3−]s) is a factor commonly used for detecting the body pH and metabolic conditions. To exactly detect [HCO3−]s, the venous CO2 pressure should be kept as it is in the vein. The [HCO3−]s measurement is technically complicated to apply for huge numbers of almost heathy persons taking only basic medical examinations. The summation of [HCO3−]s and the venous serum Cl− concentration ([Cl−]s) is approximately constant; therefore, we studied if [Cl−]s could be a marker detecting metabolic conditions instead of [HCO3−]s. Venous blood was obtained from persons taking basic medical examinations (the number of persons = 107,630). Older persons showed higher values of [Cl−]s, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than younger ones. [Cl−]s showed positive correlation to age and negative correlation to FBS and HBA1c. The negative correlation of [Cl−]s to FBS/HbA1c was obvious in persons with high FBS/HbA1c, leading us to an idea that persons with high FBS/HbA1c show high [HCO3−]s, which might be caused by low activity of carbonic anhydrase in the lung observed in persons with diabetes mellitus under acidotic conditions. Taken together, an easily measured serum electrolyte, [Cl−]s, could be a useful marker estimating metabolic conditions.
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Feng W, Liu J, Wang S, Hu Y, Pan H, Hu T, Guan H, Zhang D, Mao Y. Alginate oligosaccharide alleviates D-galactose-induced cardiac ageing via regulating myocardial mitochondria function and integrity in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7157-7168. [PMID: 34227740 PMCID: PMC8335675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a crucial risk factor for the development of age‐related cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of ageing and novel anti‐ageing interventions need to be deeply studied. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) possesses high pharmacological activities and beneficial effects. Our study was undertaken to investigate whether AOS could be used as an anti‐ageing drug to alleviate cardiac ageing. D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐induced C57BL/6J ageing mice were established by subcutaneous injection of D‐gal (200 mg·kg‐1·d‐1) for 8 weeks. AOS (50, 100 and 150 mg·kg‐1·d‐1) were administrated intragastrically for the last 4 weeks. As a result, AOS prevented cardiac dysfunction in D‐gal‐induced ageing mice, including partially preserved ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%). AOS inhibited D‐gal‐induced up‐regulation of natriuretic peptides A (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and ageing markers p53 and p21 in a dose‐dependent manner. To further explore the potential mechanisms contributing to the anti‐ageing protective effect of AOS, the age‐related mitochondrial compromise was analysed. Our data indicated that AOS alleviated D‐gal‐induced cardiac ageing by improving mitochondrial biogenesis, maintaining the mitochondrial integrity and enhancing the efficient removal of impaired mitochondria. AOS also decreased the ROS production and oxidative stress status, which, in turn, further inhibiting cardiac mitochondria from being destroyed. Together, these results demonstrate that AOS may be an effective therapeutic agent to alleviate cardiac ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianya Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Chen Z, Huang L, Tso A, Wang S, Fang X, Ouyang K, Han Z. Mitochondrial Chaperones and Proteases in Cardiomyocytes and Heart Failure. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:630332. [PMID: 33937324 PMCID: PMC8082175 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.630332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In cardiomyocytes, mitochondria are not only essential organelles providing more than 90% of the ATP necessary for contraction, but they also play critical roles in regulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling, lipid metabolism, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Because mitochondrial DNA only encodes 13 proteins, most mitochondrial proteins are nuclear DNA-encoded, synthesized, and transported from the cytoplasm, refolded in the matrix to function alone or as a part of a complex, and degraded if damaged or incorrectly folded. Mitochondria possess a set of endogenous chaperones and proteases to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Perturbation of mitochondrial protein homeostasis usually precedes disruption of the whole mitochondrial quality control system and is recognized as one of the hallmarks of cardiomyocyte dysfunction and death. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial chaperones and proteases and summarize recent advances in understanding how these proteins are involved in the initiation and progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zee Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexandria Tso
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Zalewski DP, Ruszel KP, Stępniewski A, Gałkowski D, Bogucki J, Kołodziej P, Szymańska J, Płachno BJ, Zubilewicz T, Feldo M, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Identification of Transcriptomic Differences between Lower Extremities Arterial Disease, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Chronic Venous Disease in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Specimens. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3200. [PMID: 33801150 PMCID: PMC8004090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human tissues are investigated in studies of molecular biomarkers associated with diseases development. Special attention is focused on the blood and its components due to combining abundant information about systemic responses to pathological processes as well as high accessibility. In the current study, transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to compare differentially expressed genes between patients with lower extremities arterial disease (LEAD), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and chronic venous disease (CVD). Gene expression patterns were generated using the Ion S5XL next-generation sequencing platform and were analyzed using DESeq2 and UVE-PLS methods implemented in R programming software. In direct pairwise analysis, 21, 58 and 10 differentially expressed genes were selected from the comparison of LEAD vs. AAA, LEAD vs. CVD and AAA vs. CVD patient groups, respectively. Relationships between expression of dysregulated genes and age, body mass index, creatinine levels, hypertension and medication were identified using Spearman rank correlation test and two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. The functional analysis, performed using DAVID website tool, provides potential implications of selected genes in pathological processes underlying diseases studied. Presented research provides new insight into differences of pathogenesis in LEAD, AAA and CVD, and selected genes could be considered as potential candidates for biomarkers useful in diagnosis and differentiation of studied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karol P. Ruszel
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Andrzej Stępniewski
- Ecotech Complex Analytical and Programme Centre for Advanced Environmentally Friendly Technologies, University of Marie Curie-Skłodowska, 39 Głęboka St., 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Gałkowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA;
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Chair and Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Parasitology, Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Szymańska
- Department of Integrated Paediatric Dentistry, Chair of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 6 Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Zubilewicz
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (T.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (T.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Chair of Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (K.P.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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21
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Human TRIM5α: Autophagy Connects Cell-Intrinsic HIV-1 Restriction and Innate Immune Sensor Functioning. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020320. [PMID: 33669846 PMCID: PMC7923229 DOI: 10.3390/v13020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) persists as a global health concern, with an incidence rate of approximately 2 million, and estimated global prevalence of over 35 million. Combination antiretroviral treatment is highly effective, but HIV-1 patients that have been treated still suffer from chronic inflammation and residual viral replication. It is therefore paramount to identify therapeutically efficacious strategies to eradicate viral reservoirs and ultimately develop a cure for HIV-1. It has been long accepted that the restriction factor tripartite motif protein 5 isoform alpha (TRIM5α) restricts HIV-1 infection in a species-specific manner, with rhesus macaque TRIM5α strongly restricting HIV-1, and human TRIM5α having a minimal restriction capacity. However, several recent studies underscore human TRIM5α as a cell-dependent HIV-1 restriction factor. Here, we present an overview of the latest research on human TRIM5α and propose a novel conceptualization of TRIM5α as a restriction factor with a varied portfolio of antiviral functions, including mediating HIV-1 degradation through autophagy- and proteasome-mediated mechanisms, and acting as a viral sensor and effector of antiviral signaling. We have also expanded on the protective antiviral roles of autophagy and outline the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation to intervene in chronic HIV-1 infection.
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22
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Role of FoxO transcription factors in aging-associated cardiovascular diseases. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:449-475. [PMID: 33706958 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging constitutes a major risk factor toward the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aging heart undergoes several changes at the molecular, cellular and physiological levels, which diminishes its contractile function and weakens stress tolerance. Further, old age increases the exposure to risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Notably, research in the past decades have identified FoxO subfamily of the forkhead transcription factors as key players in regulating diverse cellular processes linked to cardiac aging and diseases. In the present chapter, we discuss the important role of FoxO in the development of various aging-associated cardiovascular complications such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension and myocardial ischemia. Besides, we will also discuss the role of FoxO in cardiometabolic alterations, autophagy and proteasomal degradation, which are implicated in aging-associated cardiac dysfunction.
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23
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Krämer L, Groh C, Herrmann JM. The proteasome: friend and foe of mitochondrial biogenesis. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1223-1238. [PMID: 33249599 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently translocated as unfolded polypeptides into mitochondria. Cytosolic chaperones maintain precursor proteins in an import-competent state. This post-translational import reaction is under surveillance of the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system, which carries out several distinguishable activities. On the one hand, the proteasome degrades nonproductive protein precursors from the cytosol and nucleus, import intermediates that are stuck in mitochondrial translocases, and misfolded or damaged proteins from the outer membrane and the intermembrane space. These surveillance activities of the proteasome are essential for mitochondrial functionality, as well as cellular fitness and survival. On the other hand, the proteasome competes with mitochondria for nonimported cytosolic precursor proteins, which can compromise mitochondrial biogenesis. In order to balance the positive and negative effects of the cytosolic protein quality control system on mitochondria, mitochondrial import efficiency directly regulates the capacity of the proteasome via transcription factor Rpn4 in yeast and nuclear respiratory factor (Nrf) 1 and 2 in animal cells. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of how the proteasome regulates mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Krämer
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Carina Groh
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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24
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Gil-Hernández A, Silva-Palacios A. Relevance of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria interactions in age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101193. [PMID: 33069818 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the elixir of youth remains in the darkness, medical and scientific advances have succeeded in increasing human longevity; however, the predisposition to disease and its high economic cost are raising. Different strategies (e.g., antioxidants) and signaling pathways (e.g., Nrf2) have been identified to help regulate disease progression, nevertheless, there are still missing links that we need to understand. Contact sites called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) allow bi-directional communication between organelles as part of the essential functions in the cell to maintain its homeostasis. Different groups have deeply studied the role of MAM in aging; however, it's necessary to analyze their involvement in the progression of age-related diseases. In this review, we highlight the role of contact sites in these conditions, as well as the morphological and functional changes of mitochondria and ER in aging. We emphasize the intimate relationship between both organelles as a reflection of the biological processes that take place in the cell to try to regulate the deterioration characteristic of the aging process; proposing MAM as a potential target to help limit the disease progression with age.
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25
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Kamihara T, Murohara T. Bioinformatics analysis of autophagy-lysosomal degradation in cardiac aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:108-115. [PMID: 33233021 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cardiac aging, which causes cardiac diastolic dysfunction, frequently occurs in older people. The role of autophagy in cardiac aging is the subject of intensive research. Autophagy comprises steps called the autophagosome formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Caloric restriction (CR) is the gold standard used to induce autophagosome formation, and autophagosome-lysosome fusion is reduced by aging. However, few studies are available that survey and compare signaling during CR (autophagosome formation induced status) and old (potentially autophagosome-lysosome fusion-reduced status). Here we aimed to identify the rate-limiting step of autophagic disorders during cardiac aging. METHODS We employed bioinformatics to analyze publicly available DNA microarray datasets. The first dataset compared the hearts of young and old C57BL6 mice (OLD). The second dataset compared the hearts of young C57BL6 mice fed a normal diet with those of young C57BL6 mice subjected to CR. RESULTS We analyzed OLD-upregulated genes that were significantly associated with the Gene Ontogeny term "Autophagy," indicating that autophagic genes were upregulated in OLD mice. The autophagy-related gene Atg5 and Atg5-related genes were upregulated in OLD and CR mice. The identified hub and bottleneck genes are autophagic autophagosome formation suppressors such as Sirt2, Ilk and Islr, as well as the autophagosome-lysosome fusion inducer Snapin. CONCLUSIONS Autophagosome formation genes were upregulated in aging mice subjected to CR, indicating that an upregulated autophagosome formation is not a change specific to cardiac aging. However, autophagosome-lysosome fusion genes, particularly the lysosome transportation-related gene Snapin, were downregulated in aging, indicating that autophagosome-lysosome fusion may cause autophagic disorders in cardiac aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 108-115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kamihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Brundel BJJM. The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102317. [PMID: 33086474 PMCID: PMC7603080 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiac diseases, which are the main cause of death worldwide, are likely to increase because of population ageing and changes in lifestyle. Prevailing theories about the mechanisms of cardiac disease onset feature the gradual derailment of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and loss of the protein quality control as central factors. In the heart, loss of protein patency, due to flaws in design (genetically) or environmentally-induced wear and tear, may overwhelm protein quality control, thereby triggering derailment of proteostasis and contributing to cardiac disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 Hz Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Chen L, Chen XY, Wang QL, Yang SJ, Zhou H, Ding LS, Qing LS, Luo P. Astragaloside IV Derivative (LS-102) Alleviated Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Drp1 Ser616 Phosphorylation-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1083. [PMID: 33041784 PMCID: PMC7528720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that Astragaloside IV derivative (LS-102) exhibited potent protective function against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, but little is known about the mechanisms. Mitochondrial fission regulated by dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1) is a newly recognized determinant of mitochondrial function. This study aimed to investigate the protection of LS-102 on mitochondrial structure and function by regulating the activity of Drp1 using models of H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury induced by hypoxia-reperfusion (H/R), and rat heart injury induced by I/R. The results showed that LS-102 significantly decreased apoptosis, levels of ROS, CK, LDH, and calcium, upregulating MMP, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in cardiomyocytes during I/R injury. Furthermore, LS-102 prevented I/R-induced mitochondrial fission by decreasing Drp1's mitochondrial localization through decreasing the phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616 (Drp1Ser616) and increasing the phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser637 (Drp1Ser637) in H9c2 cells. Importantly, we also robustly confirmed Drp1Ser616 as a novel GSK-3β phosphorylation site. GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation at Drp1Ser616 may be associated with mitochondrial fission during I/R of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, LS-102 exerts cardio protection against I/R-induced injury by inhibiting mitochondrial fission via blocking GSK-3β-mediated phosphorylation at Ser616 of Drp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Cardiac Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qian-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Si-Jin Yang
- Department of Cardiac Encephalopathy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li-Sheng Ding
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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28
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Yang C, Zhang W, Dong X, Fu C, Yuan J, Xu M, Liang Z, Qiu C, Xu C. A natural product solution to aging and aging-associated diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107673. [PMID: 32926934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological progress accompanied by the gradual decline in physiological functions, manifested by its close association with an increased incidence of human diseases and higher vulnerability to death. Those diseases include neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, many of which are currently without effective cures. Even though aging is inevitable, there are still interventions that can be developed to prevent/delay the onset and progression of those aging-associated diseases and extend healthspan and/or lifespan. Here, we review decades of research that reveals the molecular pathways underlying aging and forms the biochemical basis for anti-aging drug development. Importantly, due to the vast chemical space of natural products and the rich history of herb medicines in treating human diseases documented in different cultures, natural products have played essential roles in aging research. Using several of the most promising natural products and their derivatives as examples, we discuss how natural products serve as an inspiration resource that helped the identification of key components/pathways underlying aging, their mechanisms of action inside the cell, and the functional scaffolds or targeting mechanisms that can be learned from natural products for drug engineering and optimization. We argue that natural products might eventually provide a solution to aging and aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoduo Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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