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Bonente D, Bianchi L, De Salvo R, Nicoletti C, De Benedetto E, Bacci T, Bini L, Inzalaco G, Franci L, Chiariello M, Tosi GM, Bertelli E, Barone V. Co-Expression of Podoplanin and CD44 in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Epiretinal Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119728. [PMID: 37298679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are sheets of tissue that pathologically develop in the vitreoretinal interface leading to progressive vision loss. They are formed by different cell types and by an exuberant deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, we reviewed ERMs' extracellular matrix components to better understand molecular dysfunctions that trigger and fuel the onset and development of this disease. The bioinformatics approach we applied delineated a comprehensive overview on this fibrocellular tissue and on critical proteins that could really impact ERM physiopathology. Our interactomic analysis proposed the hyaluronic-acid-receptor cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) as a central regulator of ERM aberrant dynamics and progression. Interestingly, the interaction between CD44 and podoplanin (PDPN) was shown to promote directional migration in epithelial cells. PDPN is a glycoprotein overexpressed in various cancers and a growing body of evidence indicates its relevant function in several fibrotic and inflammatory pathologies. The binding of PDPN to partner proteins and/or its ligand results in the modulation of signaling pathways regulating proliferation, contractility, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling, all processes that are vital in ERM formation. In this context, the understanding of the PDPN role can help to modulate signaling during fibrosis, hence opening a new line of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bonente
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rossana De Salvo
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena De Benedetto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bacci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Inzalaco
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Barone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Lim SE, Joseph MD, de Winde CM, Acton SE, Simoncelli S. Quantitative single molecule analysis of podoplanin clustering in fibroblastic reticular cells uncovers CD44 function. Open Biol 2023; 13:220377. [PMID: 37161290 PMCID: PMC10170195 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon initial immune challenge, dendritic cells (DCs) migrate to lymph nodes and interact with fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) via C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). CLEC-2 binds to the membrane glycoprotein podoplanin (PDPN) on FRCs, inhibiting actomyosin contractility through the FRC network and permitting lymph node expansion. The hyaluronic acid receptor CD44 is known to be required for FRCs to respond to DCs but the mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. Here, we use DNA-PAINT, a quantitative single molecule super-resolution technique, to visualize and quantify how PDPN clustering is regulated in the plasma membrane of FRCs. Our results indicate that CLEC-2 interaction leads to the formation of large PDPN clusters (i.e. more than 12 proteins per cluster) in a CD44-dependent manner. These results suggest that CD44 expression is required to stabilize large pools of PDPN at the membrane of FRCs upon CLEC-2 interaction, revealing the molecular mechanism through which CD44 facilitates cellular crosstalk between FRCs and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu En Lim
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Megan D. Joseph
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Charlotte M. de Winde
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sabrina Simoncelli
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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3
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Tsang DA, Tam SYC, Oh CC. Molecular Alterations in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Hosts-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061832. [PMID: 36980718 PMCID: PMC10046480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) at the molecular level is lacking in the current literature due to the high mutational burden of this disease. Immunosuppressed patients afflicted with cSCC experience considerable morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the molecular profile of cSCC among the immunosuppressed and immunocompetent populations at the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteometabolomic levels, as well as describing key differences in the tumor immune microenvironment between these two populations. We feature novel biomarkers from the recent literature which may serve as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Ann Tsang
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Steve Y C Tam
- Education Resource Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Choon Chiat Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169608, Singapore
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Liao C, Wang Q, An J, Chen J, Li X, Long Q, Xiao L, Guan X, Liu J. CD44 Glycosylation as a Therapeutic Target in Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883831. [PMID: 35936713 PMCID: PMC9351704 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 with ligands including hyaluronic acid (HA) is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Changes in CD44 glycosylation can regulate its binding to HA, Siglec-15, fibronectin, TM4SF5, PRG4, FGF2, collagen and podoplanin and activate or inhibit c-Src/STAT3/Twist1/Bmi1, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ERK/NF-κB/NANOG and other signaling pathways, thereby having a profound impact on the tumor microenvironment and tumor cell fate. However, the glycosylation of CD44 is complex and largely unknown, and the current understanding of how CD44 glycosylation affects tumors is limited. These issues must be addressed before targeted CD44 glycosylation can be applied to treat human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Linlin Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Xiao, ; Xiaoyan Guan, ; Jianguo Liu,
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Hu L, Nomura S, Sato Y, Takagi K, Ishii T, Honma Y, Watanabe K, Mizukami Y, Muto J. Anti-inflammatory effects of differential molecular weight Hyaluronic acids on UVB-induced calprotectin-mediated keratinocyte inflammation. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:24-31. [PMID: 35717315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological functions of Hyaluronic acid are related to its molecular weight and binding to its receptor, Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) or CD44. Recent studies have shown that low-molecular-weight Hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) exhibits proinflammatory effects, while high-molecular-weight Hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) functions as an anti-inflammatory factor. UVB-induced epidermal inflammation is mainly mediated by endogenous molecules, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), that cause severe skin damage by activating TLR signaling pathways. OBJECTIVE Since both LMW- and HMW-HA have inhibitory functions on TLR-mediated macrophage inflammation, HA is assumed to suppress UVB-induced DAMP-mediated inflammation in the skin. In this study, both Ultra- low-molecular-weight Hyaluronic acid (uLMW-HA) and HMW-HA were found to inhibit UVB-induced keratinocyte inflammation. METHODS HaCaT cells were treated with medium containing Hyaluronic acid at the appropriate concentration after 15 mJ/cm2 irradiation. Secreted protein levels were determined with ELISA kits. Expression levels of proteins downstream of TLR4 were detected by Simple Western system. RESULTS By competitively binding to TLR4, uLMW-HA downregulated Calprotectin-induced TRAF6 expression, which might be the direct process by which uLMW-HA decreased UVB-induced IL-6 secretion. Reduced CD44 variant (CD44v) expression in keratinocytes attenuated the inhibitory effect of both uLMW-HA and HMW-HA on UVB-induced inflammation, which indicated the involvement of CD44v in HA-regulated anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION Overall, this research indicates that Hyaluronic acid is more than a moisturizer; it is also a biologically effective material that can prevent the excessive skin inflammation caused in daily life, especially in the late stages after sunburn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Hu
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sato
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takagi
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honma
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Jun Muto
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
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6
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Kavasi RM, Neagu M, Constantin C, Munteanu A, Surcel M, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Matrix Effectors in the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte-Derived Carcinomas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:879500. [PMID: 35572966 PMCID: PMC9100789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.879500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), referred to as keratinocyte carcinomas, are skin cancer with the highest incidence. BCCs, rarely metastasize; whereas, though generally not characterized by high lethality, approximately 2–4% of primary cSCCs metastasize with patients exhibiting poor prognosis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a scaffold that provides structural and biological support to cells in all human tissues. The main components of the ECM, including fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans (PGs), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, are secreted by the cells in a tissue-specific manner, critical for the proper function of each organ. The skin compartmentalization to the epidermis and dermis compartments is based on a basement membrane (BM), a highly specialized network of ECM proteins that separate and unify the two compartments. The stiffness and assembly of BM and tensile forces affect tumor progenitors' invasion at the stratified epithelium's stromal border. Likewise, the mechanical properties of the stroma, e.g., stiffness, are directly correlated to the pathogenesis of the keratinocyte carcinomas. Since the ECM is a pool for various growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, its' intense remodeling in the aberrant cancer tissue milieu affects biological functions, such as angiogenesis, adhesion, proliferation, or cell motility by regulating specific signaling pathways. This review discusses the structural and functional modulations of the keratinocyte carcinoma microenvironment. Furthermore, we debate how ECM remodeling affects the pathogenesis of these skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela-Maria Kavasi
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Munteanu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Forensic Science Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- *Correspondence: Dragana Nikitovic
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7
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The Role of Podoplanin in Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031310. [PMID: 35163233 PMCID: PMC8836045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin is a sialomucin-like type I transmembrane receptor glycoprotein that is expressed specifically in lymphatic vessels, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles in normal skin. However, under pathological conditions podoplanin expression is upregulated in various cells, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, tumor cells, and inflammatory cells, and plays pivotal roles in different diseases. In psoriasis, podoplanin expression is induced in basal keratinocytes via the JAK-STAT pathway and contributes toward epidermal hyperproliferation. Podoplanin expression on keratinocytes can also promote IL-17 secretion from lymphocytes, promoting chronic inflammation. During wound healing, the podoplanin/CLEC-2 interaction between keratinocytes and platelets regulates re-epithelialization at the wound edge. In skin cancers, podoplanin expresses on tumor cells and promotes their migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thereby accelerating invasion and metastasis. Podoplanin is also expressed in normal peritumoral cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts in melanoma and keratinocytes in extramammary Paget's disease, which promote tumor progression and predict aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms via which podoplanin mediates these pathological skin conditions.
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8
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Zhuang R. Platelet-mediated tumor metastasis mechanism and the role of cell adhesion molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 167:103502. [PMID: 34662726 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that platelets play an essential role in cancer metastasis. The interactions between platelets and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) promote cancer metastasis. CTCs induce platelet activation and aggregation, and activated platelets gather and protect CTCs from shear stress and natural killer cells. Finally, platelets stimulate CTC anoikis resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, extravasation, and eventually, metastasis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been identified as active players during the interaction of CTCs with platelets, but the specific mechanism underlying the contribution of platelet-associated CAMs to CTC metastasis remains unclear. In this review, we introduce the mechanism of platelet-related tumor metastasis and particularly focus on the role of CAMs in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Liu
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changlexilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, #1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 Youyixilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Orthopedic Department of Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, #1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, the Fourth Military Medical University, #169 Changlexilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, #127 Youyixilu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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9
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de Winde CM, Makris S, Millward LJ, Cantoral-Rebordinos JA, Benjamin AC, Martínez VG, Acton SE. Fibroblastic reticular cell response to dendritic cells requires coordinated activity of podoplanin, CD44 and CD9. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258610. [PMID: 34184727 PMCID: PMC8325952 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In adaptive immunity, CLEC-2+ dendritic cells (DCs) contact fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) inhibiting podoplanin-dependent actomyosin contractility, permitting FRC spreading and lymph node expansion. The molecular mechanisms controlling lymph node remodelling are incompletely understood. We asked how podoplanin is regulated on FRCs in the early phase of lymph node expansion, and which other proteins are required for the FRC response to DCs. We find that podoplanin and its partner proteins CD44 and CD9 are differentially expressed by specific lymph node stromal populations in vivo, and their expression in FRCs is coregulated by CLEC-2 (encoded by CLEC1B). Both CD44 and CD9 suppress podoplanin-dependent contractility. We find that beyond contractility, podoplanin is required for FRC polarity and alignment. Independently of podoplanin, CD44 and CD9 affect FRC-FRC interactions. Furthermore, our data show that remodelling of the FRC cytoskeleton in response to DCs is a two-step process requiring podoplanin partner proteins CD44 and CD9. Firstly, CLEC-2 and podoplanin binding inhibits FRC contractility, and, secondly, FRCs form protrusions and spread, which requires both CD44 and CD9. Together, we show a multi-faceted FRC response to DCs, which requires CD44 and CD9 in addition to podoplanin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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10
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Khan T, Cabral H. Abnormal Glycosylation of Cancer Stem Cells and Targeting Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649338. [PMID: 33889547 PMCID: PMC8056457 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSCs) are deemed as one of the main reasons of tumor relapse due to their resistance to standard therapies. Numerous intracellular signaling pathways along with extracellular features are crucial in regulating CSCs properties, such as heterogeneity, plasticity and differentiation. Aberrant glycosylation of these cellular signaling pathways and markers of CSCs have been directly correlated with maintaining survival, self-renewal and extravasation properties. In this review, we highlight the importance of glycosylation in promoting stemness character of CSCs, and present strategies for targeting abnormal glycosylation to eliminate the resistant CSC population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Schwab M, Lohr S, Schneider J, Kaiser M, Krunic D, Helbig D, Géraud C, Angel P. Podoplanin is required for tumor cell invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1619-1630. [PMID: 33783869 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The invasiveness of late-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is associated with poor patients' prognosis and linked to strong upregulation of the glycoprotein Podoplanin (PDPN) in cancer cells. However, the function of PDPN in these processes in cSCC carcinogenesis has not been characterized in detail yet. Employing a CRISPR/Cas9-based loss-of-function approach on murine cSCC cells, we show that the loss of Pdpn results in decreased migration and invasion in vitro. Complementing these in vitro studies, labelled murine control and Pdpn knockout cells were injected orthotopically into the dermis of nude mice to recapitulate the formation of human cSCC displaying a well-differentiated morphology with a PDPN-positive reaction in fibroblasts in the tumor stroma. Smaller tumors were observed upon Pdpn loss, which is associated with reduced tumor cell infiltration into the stroma. Utilizing Pdpn mutants in functional experiments in vitro, we provide evidence that both the intra- and extracellular domains are essential for cancer cell invasion. These findings underline the critical role of PDPN in cSCC progression and highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting PDPN-dependent cancer cell invasion, especially in late-stage cSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwab
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Lohr
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schneider
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kaiser
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinic of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cyrill Géraud
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Center of Excellence in Dermatology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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