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Manjunath I, Channappa V, Karthikeyan A. A Systematic Review of Yoga as a Supportive Treatment for Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Cureus 2024; 16:e63576. [PMID: 39087197 PMCID: PMC11290379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been one of the leading causes of neuropsychiatric disorders among children, which is why it is extremely essential to have a clear understanding of the disease and the new and upcoming treatment options available. Yoga has been one of the most recently explored and newer techniques that have been employed in the treatment of this disorder. It has become extremely crucial to understand the importance of using supportive treatments in the management of ADHD owing to the innumerable side effects caused by stimulant medication and the growing demands of parental concern about starting their children on stimulant medication at a very young age. Through this review, we would like to shed light on how yoga helps improve the lives of children with ADHD and how it can be used as a supplementary therapy for children with ADHD. After thoroughly screening various articles on this topic, we selected a total of seven articles for this study to highlight the effect that yoga has had on the improvement of ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, we also highlight the impact of such interventions in a family-based environment and how they help improve the immediate environment of a child with this disorder, thereby facilitating the development of a conducive environment for growth. We also highlight how these interventions help control various miscellaneous symptoms among children, such as stress, depression, and anxiety, as these concomitant symptoms are often associated with ADHD. This review article helps explore how yoga has proved to be a very holistic approach to the management of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indushree Manjunath
- Pediatrics, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
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Budhi RB, Singh D. The Influence of Kapalabhati on Working Memory and Phasic Heart Rate Variability. Cureus 2024; 16:e61027. [PMID: 38915978 PMCID: PMC11194464 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive communication abilities, such as working memory (WM), are vital for accomplishing daily activities and are also important for higher-order processes such as planning and problem-solving. The current study investigates the simultaneous effect of kapalabhati (KBH) on WM and phasic heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS Twenty participants who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with an average age of 23.65±3.07 years (mean±SD), were recruited for the study. Prior to data collection, the participants underwent a seven-day orientation to maintain uniformity in KBH practice. EKGs were assessed using a 16-channel polygraph system arranged in a standard limb lead II configuration. WM was assessed using E-Prime version 2.0 (Psychology Software Tools, Sharpsburg, PA, USA). RESULTS There was a significant increase in accuracy after the immediate KBH practice in all three conditions of the WM task (i.e., n-back task: 0-back, 1-back, and 2-back). However, there was also an increase in reaction time. Repeated measures ANOVA of HRV measures showed statistically significant changes in mean rhythm-to-rhythm (RR) intervals, heart rate (HR), number of adjacent N-N intervals over 50 milliseconds (NN50), percentage of successive normal sinus RR intervals greater than 50 milliseconds (pNN50 RR), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF), with HR, NN50, pNN50, LF, and HF all significant at p<0.001 and the LF/HF ratio significant at the p<0.01 level. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that KBH practice can modulate vagal tone or parasympathetic activity and improve WM performance. Furthermore, the parasympathetic shift found in the present study may promote better cardioprotective health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana B Budhi
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Deepeshwar Singh
- Department of Yoga, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, IND
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Aacharya C, Telles S, Sharma SK. Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vagally Mediated HRV Associated with High- and Low-frequency Yoga Breathing: An Exploratory, Randomized, Crossover Study. Int J Yoga 2024; 17:29-36. [PMID: 38899140 PMCID: PMC11185432 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_197_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Volitionally modifying respiration leads to changes in middle cerebral arterial (MCA) blood flow. The effect of changes in breath rate on MCA blood flow has not been reported. Aims and Objectives To determine the effect of slow (bumblebee yoga breathing) and fast (high frequency yoga breathing) yoga breathing techniques on MCA blood flow and vagally mediated heart rate variability. Materials and Methods Thirty participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 27.3 ± 4.2 years) were assessed on 2 separate days practicing either high frequency yoga breathing (HFYB, breath frequency 54.2/min) or slow frequency bumblebee yoga breathing (BBYB, breath frequency 3.8/min) in random order to determine the effects of changes in breath frequency on MCA hemodynamics. Assessments included transcranial Doppler sonography, vagally mediated heart rate variability (VmHRV), and respiration. Results Both HFYB and BBYB (i) reduced MCA flow velocities, i.e., peak systolic, end diastolic, and mean flow velocities, and (ii) increased MCA pulsatility indices. There was an increase in VmHRV during BBYB based on increased power in high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF). LF reflects VmHRV for slow breath frequencies. In BBYB the average breath rate was 3.8 breaths/min. In contrast, VmHRV decreased during HFYB (based on reduced HF power; repeated measures analysis of variance, P < 0.05, all cases). Conclusion Hence, irrespective of the differences in breath frequency, both HFYB and BBYB appear to reduce MCA flow velocities and increase the resistance to blood flow bilaterally, although the VmHRV changed in opposite directions. MCA velocity and pulsatility changes are speculated to be associated with low global neural activity during yoga breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Aacharya
- Department of Yoga, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shirley Telles
- Department of Yoga, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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Huang X, Sun T, Han D, Lin H, Zhang H, Hou X. The effect of yoga classes on the mental health of female college students. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1244-1250. [PMID: 37695564 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems have become prominent among college students. The purpose of this study was to to explore the influence of yoga course on female college students' mental health. METHODS Three hundred fifty-four female college students enrolled in Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2020 or 2021 were selected and divided into three groups according to whether they took PE courses and the content of PE courses: No physical education group (control group) (N.=131), aerobics group (N.=120), and yoga group (N.=103), questionnaire survey was conducted before, at the middle (8 weeks), and at the end of the course. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Connor- Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) were used to evaluate the mental health status of female college students at different time points. RESULTS The demographic characteristics of the three groups showed no significant differences. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance showed that there were time main effect, group and time interaction effect and group main effect in patients' health questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Connor- Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) among the three groups before and after practice. Patient health score: The score of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in yoga group at 16 weeks, at 8 weeks, before practice (P<0.05), and the scores of yoga group at 8 weeks and 16 weeks were lower than those of control group and aerobics group (P< 0.05). For CD-RISC: the score of yoga group at16 weeks, 8 weeks, before practice (P<0.05), and the scores at 8 and 16 weeks were higher than those of aerobics group and control group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference before and after exercise between the control group and the aerobics group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The teaching of yoga course can enhance the level of psychological resilience, improve depression and anxiety, promote mental health, and improve subjective well-being and improve the quality of college life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- School of Health and Physical Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Exercise and Physical Fitness Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Han
- School of Health and Physical Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Lin
- School of Health and Physical Education, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China -
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Olvera N, Hein S, Matthews-Ewald M, Zhang R, Scherer R. Lace Up and Mindfulness: A Randomized Controlled Trial Intervention to Reduce Emotional Eating, Anxiety, and Sleep Disturbances in Latinx and Black Youth. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030538. [PMID: 36980096 PMCID: PMC10046922 DOI: 10.3390/children10030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of a 12-week afterschool mindfulness-based diet and exercise intervention on mental and physical health in Latinx and Black youth. One hundred forty-eight boys and girls (average age = 10.1 years, SD = 1.3 years; 52% girls; 72.3% Latinx) were randomized to either the experimental group (n = 80) or the control group (n = 68). The experimental group participants engaged in fitness yoga, kickboxing, and/or spinning sessions, and mindfulness practices (e.g., breathing, meditation, and mindful eating) twice per week for 12 weeks. The control group participants engaged in a recreational play session once per week for 12 weeks. All participants completed surveys (demographics, acculturation, anxiety, emotional eating, sleep, and food intake) and had their height, weight, and percent body fat measured pre- and post-intervention. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days pre- and post-intervention. Repeated measures analysis of covariance indicated that the experimental group participants reported lower scores in emotional eating, anxiety, and sleep latency post-intervention compared to the control group participants. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in physical activity between the experimental and control group participants post-intervention. These findings indicate that a mindfulness-based intervention has a positive effect on emotional eating, anxiety, and sleep latency among youth of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Olvera
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sascha Hein
- Department of Education and Psychology, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rongfang Zhang
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Rhonda Scherer
- Sports & Fitness, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
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Steen I, Münchow M, Jensen S, Kjaer TW, Waehrens SS, Bredie WLP. Evaluation of a sensory and cognitive online training tool for odor recognition in professional coffee tasters. J SENS STUD 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Steen
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- CoffeeMind Academy, CoffeeMind Aps Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Morten Münchow
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- CoffeeMind Academy, CoffeeMind Aps Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Troels W. Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sandra S. Waehrens
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Wender L. P. Bredie
- Section for Food Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Parajuli N, Pradhan B, Bapat S. Effect of yoga on cognitive functions and anxiety among female school children with low academic performance: A randomized control trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 48:101614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chang TFH, Ley BL, Ramburn TT, Srinivasan S, Hariri S, Purandare P, Subramaniam B. Online Isha Upa Yoga for student mental health and well-being during COVID-19: A randomized control trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2022; 14:1408-1428. [PMID: 35064741 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
College students experienced increased stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluated the effect of brief online Isha Upa Yoga modules on undergraduates' mental health and well-being. Randomized control trial (RCT) with waitlist control crossover (N = 679). The intervention group was instructed to learn and practice the modules daily for 12 weeks. At the end of the 4-week RCT, the control group was instructed to learn and practice the modules for the remaining 8 weeks. Primary outcomes included stress and well-being. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, depression, resilience, positive affect and negative affect. Linear mixed-effects models were used for analyses. Isha Upa Yoga significantly reduced stress (Group [intervention, control] × Time [baseline, Week 4] interaction, p = .009, d = .27) and increased well-being (Group × Time interaction p = .002, d = .32). By the study's end, the intervention and control groups experienced significant improvements in well-being (p < .001, p < .001), stress (p < .001, p < .001), anxiety (p < .001, p < .001), depression (p < .001, p = .004), positive affect (p = .04, p < .001), and negative affect (p < .001, p < .001). Online Isha Upa Yoga shows promise for mitigating the pandemic's negative impact on undergraduates' mental health and improving their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy F H Chang
- School of Management and Labor Relations, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Barbara L Ley
- Departments of Women & Gender Studies and Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Triya T Ramburn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sepideh Hariri
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Balachundhar Subramaniam
- Sadhguru Center for a Conscious Planet, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nourollahimoghadam E, Gorji S, Gorji A, Khaleghi Ghadiri M. Therapeutic role of yoga in neuropsychological disorders. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:754-773. [PMID: 34733640 PMCID: PMC8546763 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i10.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yoga is considered a widely-used approach for health conservation and can be adopted as a treatment modality for a plethora of medical conditions, including neurological and psychological disorders. Hence, we reviewed relevant articles entailing various neurological and psychological disorders and gathered data on how yoga exerts positive impacts on patients with a diverse range of disorders, including its modulatory effects on brain bioelectrical activities, neurotransmitters, and synaptic plasticity. The role of yoga practice as an element of the treatment of several neuropsychological diseases was evaluated based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaghayegh Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster 48149, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
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Swathi PS, Raghavendra BR, Saoji AA. Health and therapeutic benefits of Shatkarma: A narrative review of scientific studies. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:206-212. [PMID: 33454186 PMCID: PMC8039332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shatkarma, also known as Shatkriya are a set of six yogic cleansing techniques described in the Hatha Yoga texts. Several health benefits of these procedures are indicated in the traditional texts of Yoga. However, there is no comprehensive literature about the scientific evidence on Shatkriya. Hence, we searched in PubMed, PubMed Central and Google Scholar databases to review relevant articles in English. The search yielded a total 723 references, published from 1976 to April 2020. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 articles were included in this review. We found scientific studies on four out of six cleansing techniques. The limited evidence on Shatkriya suggests positive effects on various physiological and clinical domains. The practice of dhauti was found to enhance respiratory functions and was useful in digestive disorders. Nasal cleansing, neti was particularly found beneficial in managing the rhinosinusitis in age groups ranging from children to adults. Although trataka practice was found to enhance cognition and bring a state of relaxation, but there was no evidence supporting its role in eye disorders. Kapalabhati practice appears to have a beneficial role in the activation of sympathetic nervous system, enhance cognition, and improve overall metabolism. Further large-scale clinical trials with robust designs are warranted to evaluate the effects of Shatkriya in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Swathi
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, KG Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India.
| | - B R Raghavendra
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, KG Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India
| | - Apar Avinash Saoji
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), 19, Eknath Bhavan, Gavipuram Circle, KG Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, India
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