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Dunn RA, Luk HY, Appell CR, Jiwan NC, Keefe MS, Rolloque JJS, Sekiguchi Y. Eccentric muscle-damaging exercise in the heat lowers cellular stress prior to and immediately following future exertional heat exposure. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:472-482. [PMID: 38735625 PMCID: PMC11131061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle-damaging exercise (e.g., downhill running [DHR]) or heat exposure bouts potentially reduce physiological and/or cellular stress during future exertional heat exposure; however, the true extent of their combined preconditioning effects is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of muscle-damaging exercise in the heat on reducing physiological and cellular stress during future exertional heat exposure. Ten healthy males (mean ± Standard Definition; age, 23 ± 3 years; body mass, 78.7 ± 11.5 kg; height, 176.9 ± 4.7 cm) completed this study. Participants were randomly assigned into two preconditioning groups: (a) DHR in the heat (ambient temperature [Tamb], 35 °C; relative humidity [RH], 40%) and (b) DHR in thermoneutral (Tamb, 20 °C; RH, 20%). Seven days following DHR, participants performed a 45-min flat run in the heat (FlatHEAT [Tamb, 35 °C; RH, 40%]). During exercise, heart rate and rectal temperature (Trec) were recorded at baseline and every 5-min. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to assess heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) concentration between conditions at baseline, immediately post-DHR, and immediately pre-FlatHEAT and post-FlatHEAT. Mean Trec during FlatHEAT between hot (38.23 ± 0.38 °C) and thermoneutral DHR (38.26 ± 0.38 °C) was not significantly different (P = 0.68), with no mean heart rate differences during FlatHEAT between hot (172 ± 15 beats min-1) and thermoneutral conditions (174 ± 8 beats min-1; P = 0.58). Hsp72 concentration change from baseline to immediately pre-FlatHEAT was significantly lower in hot (-51.4%) compared to thermoneutral (+24.2%; P = 0.025) DHR, with Hsp72 change from baseline to immediately post-FlatHEAT also lower in hot (-52.6%) compared to thermoneutral conditions (+26.3%; P = 0.047). A bout of muscle-damaging exercise in the heat reduces cellular stress levels prior to and immediately following future exertional heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Dunn
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hui-Ying Luk
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Casey R Appell
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nigel C Jiwan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Marcos S Keefe
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jan-Joseph S Rolloque
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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2
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Yuan X, Kong W, Xia P, Wang Z, Gao Q, Xu J, Shan D, Yao Q, Guo B, He Y. In Situ Synthesis of Liquid Metal Conductive Fibers toward Smart Cloth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27850-27865. [PMID: 38760320 PMCID: PMC11145595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
To meet the diverse needs of humans, smart cloth has become a potential research hotspot to replace traditional cloth. However, it is challenging to manufacture a flexible fabric with multiple functions. Here, we introduce a smart cloth based on liquid metal (LM) conductive fibers. Ga2O3 nanoparticles are obtained through ultrasonic pretreatment. Furthermore, a coordination bond is formed between thiol groups on the surface of protein fibers and Ga2O3 through a scraping method, allowing Ga2O3 particles to be grafted onto the surface of protein fibers in situ. Finally, LM conductive fibers are encapsulated using a photocuring adhesive. In addition, a wearable smart cloth integrated with multiple sensors has been developed based on LM conductive fibers. Users can not only monitor their movement trajectory and the surrounding environment in real time but also have their data supervised by family members through a client, achieving remote and continuous monitoring. The development of this wearable smart cloth provides strong support for future wearable, flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National
Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 457001, China
| | - Weicheng Kong
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pengcheng Xia
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First
Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210006 ,China
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National
Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 457001, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National
Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 457001, China
| | - Debin Shan
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National
Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 457001, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First
Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210006 ,China
| | - Bin Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National
Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen 457001, China
| | - Yong He
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical
Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key
Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province,
College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Dunn RA, Fry LA, Sekiguchi Y, Benjamin CL, Manning CN, Huggins RA, Stearns RL, Casa DJ. Effect of Heat Acclimatization, Heat Acclimation, and Intermittent Heat Training on Maximal Oxygen Uptake. Sports Health 2024:19417381241249470. [PMID: 38708678 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241249470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an important determinant of endurance performance. Heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA/HAz) elicits improvements in endurance performance. Upon heat exposure reduction, intermittent heat training (IHT) may alleviate HA/HAz adaptation decay; however, corresponding VO2max responses are unknown. HYPOTHESIS VO2max is maintained after HAz/HA; IHT mitigates decrements in aerobic power after HAz/HA. STUDY DESIGN Interventional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 27 male endurance runners (mean ± SD; age, 36 ± 12 years; body mass, 73.03 ± 8.97 kg; height, 178.81 ± 6.39 cm) completed VO2max testing at 5 timepoints; baseline, post-HAz, post-HA, and weeks 4 and 8 of IHT (IHT4, IHT8). After baseline testing, participants completed HAz, preceded by 5 days of HA involving exercise to induce hyperthermia for 60 minutes in the heat (ambient temperature, 39.13 ± 1.37°C; relative humidity, 51.08 ± 8.42%). Participants were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 IHT groups: once-weekly, twice-weekly, or no IHT. Differences in VO2max, velocity at VO2max (vVO2), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) at all 5 timepoints were analyzed using repeated-measure analyses of variance with Bonferroni corrections post hoc. RESULTS No significant VO2max or vVO2 differences were observed between baseline, post-HAz, or post-HA (P = 0.36 and P = 0.09, respectively). No significant group or time effects were identified for VO2max or vVO2 at post-HA, IHT4, and IHT8 (P = 0.67 and P = 0.21, respectively). Significant HRmax differences were observed between baseline and post-HA tests (P < 0.01). No significant group or time HRmax differences shown for post-HA, IHT4, and IHT8 (P = 0.59). CONCLUSION VO2max was not reduced among endurance runners after HA/HAz and IHT potentially due to participants' similar aerobic training status and high aerobic fitness levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HAz/HA and IHT maintain aerobic power in endurance runners, with HAz/HA procuring reductions in HRmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Dunn
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Lauren A Fry
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Sports Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas and Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Courteney L Benjamin
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut and Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ciara N Manning
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Robert A Huggins
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca L Stearns
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Blazy PT, Troyanos C. Change of Seasons: Boston Marathon Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index in October. Wilderness Environ Med 2023; 34:509-512. [PMID: 37586946 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of providing wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) heat stress flag category measurements in real time is well recognized by road race directors, and it is bound to become even more important with the rise of extreme weather and pandemic outbreaks. The purpose of this paper is to describe the WBGT index and its components measured during the 125th running of the Boston Marathon on October 11, 2021, for qualitative comparison to measurements made similarly on its traditional April date, 2014 to 2019. METHODS Monitoring occurred at the 7 km, 18 km, and 32 km marks of the race in the towns of Ashland, Natick-Wellesley, and Newton. The outdoor WBGT index was calculated from direct hourly measurements of the dry bulb, black globe, and natural wet bulb temperatures from 0900 to 1500 h. RESULTS The WBGT index was not different among towns; thus, the average hourly values for the 3 towns were compared to historical data averaged identically. Although the black globe temperature fluctuated considerably in response to changing cloud cover, on average, partly cloudy skies kept the solar load comparable to what has been observed in April. Dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures were higher than those on most April dates shown, which resulted in a yellow (or amber) flag day for most of the race. CONCLUSIONS The historic October Boston Marathon was among the warmest in recent history. Like the impact of COVID-19 on the 2021 Boston Marathon, future climate challenges around outdoor activities could necessitate rescheduling; they underscore the importance of real-time WBGT index measures.
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Deshayes TA, Périard JD. Regular physical activity across the lifespan to build resilience against rising global temperatures. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104793. [PMID: 37689024 PMCID: PMC10498184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging, high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, physical inactivity, and rising global temperatures are some of the most pressing issues in public health of the current century. Such trends suggest that individuals increasingly less equipped to tolerate heat will be increasingly exposed to it, which from a public health perspective is alarming. Nonetheless, future impacts of extreme heat events will depend not only on the magnitude of climate change, but on our ability to adapt by becoming less sensitive and vulnerable. Although physical activity's role in mitigating climate change has received attention, its potential contribution to climate change adaptation and resilience remains largely unaddressed. Accordingly, in this viewpoint, we discuss how regular physical activity throughout life could have an important contribution to adapting to rising global temperatures, allowing to be better equipped to cope with heat-related health hazards and increasing individual and community resilience. This viewpoint constitutes a call for more research into the contribution that physical activity can have in adapting to rising global temperatures and, more broadly, to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Deshayes
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Julien D Périard
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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6
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Quille RVE, de Almeida FV, Ohara MY, Corrêa PLP, de Freitas LG, Alves-Souza SN, de Almeida JR, Davis M, Prakash G. Architecture of a Data Portal for Publishing and Delivering Open Data for Atmospheric Measurement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5374. [PMID: 37047988 PMCID: PMC10094644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric data are collected by researchers every day. Campaigns such as GOAmazon 2014/2015 and the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory collect essential data on aerosols, gases, cloud properties, and meteorological parameters in the Brazilian Amazon basin. These data products provide insights and essential information for analyzing and predicting natural processes. However, in Brazil, it is estimated that more than 80% of the scientific data collected are not published due to the lack of web portals that collect and store these data. This makes it difficult, or even impossible, to access and integrate the data, which can result in the loss of significant amounts of information and significantly affect the understanding of the overall data. To address this problem, we propose a data portal architecture and open data deployment that enable Big Data processing, human interaction, and download-oriented approaches with tools that help users catalog, publish and visualize atmospheric data. Thus, we describe the architecture developed, based on the experience of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Data Center, which incorporates the principles of FAIR, the infrastructure and content management system for managing scientific data. The portal partial results were tested with environmental data from contaminated areas at the University of São Paulo. Overall, this data portal creates more shared knowledge about atmospheric processes by providing users with access to open environmental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Virginia Encinas Quille
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000-Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
- Residues and Contaminated Areas Laboratory (LARC), Institute for Technological Research (IPT), Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe Valencia de Almeida
- Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (F.V.d.A.)
| | - Mauro Yuji Ohara
- Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (F.V.d.A.)
| | - Pedro Luiz Pizzigatti Corrêa
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000-Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
- Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (F.V.d.A.)
| | - Leandro Gomes de Freitas
- Residues and Contaminated Areas Laboratory (LARC), Institute for Technological Research (IPT), Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-901, Brazil
| | - Solange Nice Alves-Souza
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000-Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
- Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (F.V.d.A.)
| | - Jorge Rady de Almeida
- Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380-Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (F.V.d.A.)
| | - Maggie Davis
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Giri Prakash
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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7
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Wilby RL, Orr M, Depledge D, Giulianotti R, Havenith G, Kenyon JA, Matthews TKR, Mears SA, Mullan DJ, Taylor L. The impacts of sport emissions on climate: Measurement, mitigation, and making a difference. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:20-33. [PMID: 36377356 PMCID: PMC10098608 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a global industry, sport makes potentially significant contributions to climate change through both carbon emissions and influence over sustainability practices. Yet, evidence regarding impacts is uneven and spread across many disciplines. This paper investigates the impacts of sport emissions on climate and identifies knowledge gaps. We undertook a systematic and iterative meta-analysis of relevant literature (1992-2022) on organized and individual sports. Using a defined search protocol, 116 sources were identified that map to four sport-related themes: (1) carbon emissions and their measurement; (2) emissions control and decarbonization; (3) carbon sinks and offsets; and (4) behavior change. We find that mega sport events, elite sport, soccer, skiing, and golf have received most attention, whereas grass-roots and women's sport, activity in Africa and South America, cricket, tennis, and volleyball are understudied. Other knowledge gaps include carbon accounting tools and indicators for smaller sports clubs and active participants; cobenefits and tradeoffs between mitigation-adaptation efforts in sport, such as around logistics, venues, sports equipment, and facilities; geopolitical influence; and scope for climate change litigation against hosts and/or sponsors of carbon-intensive events. Among these, researchers should target cobenefits given their scope to deliver wins for both climate mitigation and risk management of sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Wilby
- Department of Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Madeleine Orr
- Institute of Sport Business, Loughborough University London, London, UK
| | - Duncan Depledge
- International Relations, Politics and History, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Richard Giulianotti
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - George Havenith
- Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jamie A Kenyon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Stephen A Mears
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Donal J Mullan
- Department of Geography, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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8
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Eisenberger L, Mayr B, Beck M, Venek V, Kranzinger C, Menzl A, Jahn I, Sareban M, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Niebauer J, Böhm B. Assessment of Exercise Intensity for Uphill Walking in Healthy Adults Performed Indoors and Outdoors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16662. [PMID: 36554543 PMCID: PMC9779799 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borg's rating of perceived exertion (BRPE) scale is a simple, but subjective tool to grade physical strain during exercise. As a result, it is widely used for the prescription of exercise intensity, especially for cardiovascular disease prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare relationships between BRPE and physiological measures of exercise intensity during uphill walking indoors and outdoors. METHODS 134 healthy participants [median age: 56 years (IQR 52-63)] completed a maximal graded walking test indoors on a treadmill using the modified Bruce protocol, and a submaximal 1 km outdoor uphill cardio-trekking test (1 km CTT). Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) were continuously measured throughout both tests. BRPE was simultaneously assessed at the end of each increment on the treadmill, while the maximal BRPE value was noted at the end of the 1 km CTT. RESULTS On the treadmill, BRPE correlated very high with relative HR (%HRmax) (ρ = 0.88, p < 0.001) and V̇O2 (%V̇O2max) (ρ = 0.89, p < 0.001). During the 1 km CTT, a small correlation between BRPE and %HRmax (ρ = 0.24, p < 0.05), respectively %V̇O2max was found (ρ = 0.24, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Criterion validity of BRPE during uphill walking depends on the environment and is higher during a treadmill test compared to a natural environment. Adding sensor-based, objective exercise-intensity parameters such as HR holds promise to improve intensity prescription and health safety during uphill walking in a natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Eisenberger
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Mayr
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maximilian Beck
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Venek
- Salzburg Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Medical Engineering, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, 9524 Villach, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Menzl
- St. Irmingard Klinik Prien, Clinic for Cardiology, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Inga Jahn
- St. Irmingard Klinik Prien, Clinic for Cardiology, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Mahdi Sareban
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Birgit Böhm
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
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9
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Physical Activity, Climate Change and Health-A Conceptual Model for Planning Public Health Action at the Organizational Level. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084664. [PMID: 35457530 PMCID: PMC9025182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is linked to health risks for both professional and amateur athletes. Sports organisations will need to react to these developments. The starting point for this concept paper is a summary of the sport-specific health risks currently under discussion: increasing heatwaves, growing numbers of extreme weather events, rising UV, ozone and allergen levels and the spread of infectious diseases. Based on the current state of research, a conceptual model is developed to reduce these climate-related health risks in sports at organisational level. Given the wide variety of predicted direct and indirect health risks linked to climate change, the “sports, clubs and climate change model” (SC3 model) presented here follows a stepwise risk-specific approach using technical, organisational and person-related measures. The SC3 model also includes cross-cutting measures that have an overarching effect comprising training, warning systems, coordination and evaluation measures. The SC3 model makes it possible to develop prevention plans, both at national level for central associations and at the regional level of local organisations and clubs. It can be applied to typical settings (e.g., training or competition at elite or amateur levels) and target groups (e.g., athletes, spectators, referees and club officials).
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10
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Feasibility of the Olympic marathon under climatic and socioeconomic change. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4010. [PMID: 35256734 PMCID: PMC8901618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There are concerns about the impact of climate change on Olympic Games, especially endurance events, such as marathons. In recent competitions, many marathon runners dropped out of their races due to extreme heat, and it is expected that more areas will be unable to host the Games due to climate change. Here, we show the feasibility of the Olympic marathon considering the variations in climate factors, socioeconomic conditions, and adaptation measures. The number of current possible host cities will decline by up to 27% worldwide by the late twenty-first century. Dozens of emerging cities, especially in Asia, will not be capable of hosting the marathon under the highest emission scenario. Moving the marathon from August to October and holding the Games in multiple cities in the country are effective measures, and they should be considered if we are to maintain the regional diversity of the Games.
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11
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Rojas-Valverde D, Tomás-Carús P, Timón R, Batalha N, Sánchez-Ureña B, Gutiérrez-Vargas R, Olcina G. Short-Term Skin Temperature Responses to Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review of Methods and Future Challenges in the Use of Infrared Thermography. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1286. [PMID: 34947817 PMCID: PMC8704093 DOI: 10.3390/life11121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body temperature is often assessed in the core and the skin. Infrared thermography has been used to measure skin temperature (Tsk) in sport research and clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the information reported to date on the use of infrared thermography to detect short-term Tsk responses to endurance exercise and to identify the methodological considerations and knowledge gaps, and propose future directions. METHOD A web search (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) was conducted following systematic review guidelines, and 45 out of 2921 studies met the inclusion criteria (endurance sports, since 2000, English, full text available). RESULTS A total of 45 publications were extracted, in which most of the sample were runners (n = 457, 57.9%). Several differences between IRT imaging protocols and ROI selection could lead to potential heterogeneity of interpretations. These particularities in the methodology of the studies extracted are widely discussed in this systematic review. CONCLUSIONS More analyses should be made considering different sports, exercise stimuli and intensities, especially using follow-up designs. Study-derived data could clarify the underlying thermo physiological processes and assess whether Tsk could be used a reliable proxy to describe live thermal regulation in endurance athletes and reduce their risk of exertional heat illness/stroke. Also more in-depth analyses may elucidate the Tsk interactions with other tissues during exercise-related responses, such as inflammation, damage, or pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Clínica de Lesiones Deportivas (Rehab & Readapt), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Pablo Tomás-Carús
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rafael Timón
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nuno Batalha
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal
| | - Braulio Sánchez-Ureña
- Programa de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud (PROCESA), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Guillermo Olcina
- Grupo en Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain
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Gatterer H, Dünnwald T, Turner R, Csapo R, Schobersberger W, Burtscher M, Faulhaber M, Kennedy MD. Practicing Sport in Cold Environments: Practical Recommendations to Improve Sport Performance and Reduce Negative Health Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9700. [PMID: 34574624 PMCID: PMC8471173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although not a barrier to perform sport, cold weather environments (low ambient temperature, high wind speeds, and increased precipitation, i.e., rain/water/snow) may influence sport performance. Despite the obvious requirement for practical recommendations and guidelines to better facilitate training and competition in such cold environments, the current scientific evidence-base is lacking. Nonetheless, this review summarizes the current available knowledge specifically related to the physiological impact of cold exposure, in an attempt to provide practitioners and coaches alike with practical recommendations to minimize any potential negative performance effects, mitigate health issues, and best optimize athlete preparation across various sporting disciplines. Herein, the review is split into sections which explore some of the key physiological effects of cold exposure on performance (i.e., endurance exercise capacity and explosive athletic power), potential health issues (short-term and long-term), and what is currently known with regard to best preparation or mitigation strategies considered to negate the potential negative effects of cold on performance. Specific focus is given to "winter" sports that are usually completed in cold environments and practical recommendations for physical preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Tobias Dünnwald
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall i.T., Tirol, Austria and Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.D.); (W.S.)
| | - Rachel Turner
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Robert Csapo
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG), UMIT, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall i.T., Tirol, Austria and Tirol-Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.D.); (W.S.)
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria; (M.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria; (M.B.); (M.F.)
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Faulhaber
- Austrian Society for Alpine and High-Altitude Medicine, 6414 Mieming, Austria; (M.B.); (M.F.)
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael D. Kennedy
- Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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Hodgson JR, Chapman L, Pope FD. The Diamond League athletic series: does the air quality sparkle? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1427-1442. [PMID: 33760979 PMCID: PMC7988253 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban air pollution can have negative short- and long-term impacts on health, including cardiovascular, neurological, immune system and developmental damage. The irritant qualities of pollutants such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM) can cause respiratory and cardiovascular distress, which can be heightened during physical activity and particularly so for those with respiratory conditions such as asthma. Previously, research has only examined marathon run outcomes or running under laboratory settings. This study focuses on elite 5-km athletes performing in international events at nine locations. Local meteorological and air quality data are used in conjunction with race performance metrics from the Diamond League Athletics series to determine the extent to which elite competitors are influenced during maximal sustained efforts in real-world conditions. The findings from this study suggest that local meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) and air quality (ozone and particulate matter) have an impact on athletic performance. Variation between finishing times at different race locations can also be explained by the local meteorology and air quality conditions seen during races.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hodgson
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lee Chapman
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
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Próchniak P, Próchniak A. Future-Oriented Coping with Weather Stress among Mountain Hikers: Temperamental Personality Predictors and Profiles. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11020015. [PMID: 33498900 PMCID: PMC7912429 DOI: 10.3390/bs11020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore temperamental personality traits as predictors of fu-ture-oriented coping with weather stress in a group of Polish mountain hikers. The subjects were 209 young mountain hikers (M = 21.20; SD = 3.70) who took three temperament–personality questionnaires, i.e., FCZ-KT Temperament Questionnaire, Sensation Seeking Scale IV and NEO-FFI- Personality Inventory, alongside a recently constructed scale for diagnosing future-oriented coping with weather stress in outdoor context, Preventive and Proactive Coping with Bad Weather Scale in Outdoor Sports. The regression analysis indicated that preventive coping with weather stress in hiking was predicted by activity, emotional reactivity, briskness, sensory sensitivity, experience seeking, agreeableness and conscientiousness. In turn, proactive coping with bad weather in hiking was predicted by endurance, activity, thrill and adventure seeking and extraversion. In turn, the cluster analysis revealed three distinct clusters of hikers characterized by diverse re-sults on the scales of preventive and proactive dealing with adverse weather, namely, prudent hikers (high preventive coping/high proactive coping), reckless hikers (low pre-ventive coping/high proactive coping) and wary hikers (high preventive coping/low proactive coping). The hikers in these clusters differed in terms of temperamental per-sonality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Próchniak
- Institute of Psycholoy, University of Szczecin, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Preventive and Proactive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports: A Measurement Proposal. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10040080. [PMID: 32344525 PMCID: PMC7226599 DOI: 10.3390/bs10040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale, a tool for diagnosing future oriented coping with bad weather in outdoor sports. A study of the psychometric properties of the Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale was conducted, with an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis being carried out. The first set of data (N = 326) was analysed by exploratory factor analysis, and the second set of data (N = 183) was analysed by confirmatory factor analysis. The results of factor analyses verified the two-factor structure. The Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale showed satisfactory internal consistency. The coefficient alpha reliabilities were 0.81 for the Preventive scale, and 0.80 for the Proactive scale. The divergent and convergent validity of the Preventive and Proactive Coping in Outdoor Sports Scale was indicated by correlations with scales of coping, general self-efficacy, sensation seeking and the personality NEO-FFI. The results indicate that the Proactive and Preventive Coping with Bad Weather in Outdoor Sports Scale is a valid and reliable instrument.
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Slezakova K, Pereira MC, Morais S. Ultrafine particles: Levels in ambient air during outdoor sport activities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113648. [PMID: 31806467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Conducting aerobic activity on regular basis is recognised as one of the steps to maintain healthier lifestyle. The positive outcomes though can be outweighed if conducted in polluted atmosphere. Furthermore, the specific inhalation during exercising, which results in bypass of nasal filtration systems and deeper penetration into the respiratory system, might result in higher risks especially to pollutants such as ultrafine particles (UFP), which aerodynamic particle diameter are <100 nm. Thus, this work aims to evaluate UFP levels at sites used for conducting physical sport activities outdoors and to estimate the respective inhalation doses considering various scenarios and different physical activities. Monitoring of UFP was conducted during three weeks (May-June 2015) at four different sites (S1-S4) regularly used to conduct physical exercising. The results showed that UFP highly varied (medians 5.1-20.0 × 103 # cm-3) across the four sites, with the highest UFP obtained when exercising next to trafficked streets whereas S3 and S4 (a garden and city park) exhibited 2-4 times lower UFP. In view of the obtained UFP concentrations, the estimated inhalation doses ranged 1.73 × 108-3.81 × 108 # kg-1 when conducting moderately intense sport activities and 1.93 × 108-5.95 × 108 # kg-1 for highly intense ones. Highly intense activities (i.e. running) led to twice higher UFP exposure; children and youths (5-17 yrs old) experienced 203-267% higher doses. Considering the age- and gender- differences, estimated UFP doses of males were 1.1-2.8 times higher than of females. Finally, UFP inhalation doses estimated for walking (commuting to work and/or schools) were 1.6-7.5 times lower than when conducting sport activities. Thus to protect public health and to promote healthy and physically active lifestyle, strategies to minimize the negative impacts of air pollution should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Slezakova
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Climate Preferences for Tourism: Perceptions Regarding Ideal and Unfavourable Conditions for Hiking in Spain. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is an increasingly frequent part of our leisure time. Within this context, hiking is a popular form of tourism which has a positive impact on the quality of life. In spite of the importance of climate conditions for this recreational activity, relatively little research has been done on hiking from the perspective of climate and tourism. With this in mind in this paper we make the first detailed extensive assessment of climate preferences for the practice of hiking tourism in Spain. To this end a review of the theoretical/methodological body of literature on tourism climatology was conducted together with a survey aimed at evaluating the stated climate preferences of hiking tourists. The results are offered within the framework of international research on climate preferences for a range of tourism activities. The comparative analysis of these results with regard to those obtained in previous research highlights various similarities but also certain factors specific to hiking in Spain. Overall, the climate preferences of hiking tourists are similar to those of other segments of the tourism market in terms of the aesthetic and physical aspects of the climate, although they also have certain specific preferences as regards thermal aspects, especially regarding the optimal daily thermal conditions for hiking. The results obtained are useful for assessing the suitability of the climate for the practice of hiking tourism in Spain and for promoting proper management and planning of this leisure activity in tourist destinations, including the development of climate calendars detailing the most suitable times of the year for hiking at these destinations. These issues will be addressed in future research studies.
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18
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Griffiths A, Shannon OM, Matu J, King R, Deighton K, O'Hara JP. The effects of environmental hypoxia on substrate utilisation during exercise: a meta-analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:10. [PMID: 30813949 PMCID: PMC6391781 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of hypoxia-induced changes in substrate utilisation can facilitate the development of nutritional strategies for mountaineers, military personnel and athletes during exposure to altitude. However, reported metabolic responses are currently divergent. As such, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the changes in substrate utilisation during exercise in hypoxia compared with normoxia and identify study characteristics responsible for the heterogeneity in findings. Methods A total of six databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and CINAHL via EBSCOhost) were searched for published original studies, conference proceedings, abstracts, dissertations and theses. Studies were included if they evaluated respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and/or carbohydrate or fat oxidation during steady state exercise matched for relative intensities in normoxia and hypoxia (normobaric or hypobaric). A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on outcome variables. Meta-regression analysis was performed to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. Results In total, 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant change in RER during exercise matched for relative exercise intensities in hypoxia, compared with normoxia (mean difference: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.05; n = 31, p = 0.45). Meta-regression analysis suggests that consumption of a pre-exercise meal (p < 0.01) and a higher exercise intensity (p = 0.04) when exposed to hypoxia may increase carbohydrate oxidation compared with normoxia. Conclusions Exposure to hypoxia did not induce a consistent change in the relative contribution of carbohydrate or fat to the total energy yield during exercise matched for relative intensities, compared with normoxia. The direction of these responses appears to be mediated by the consumption of a pre-exercise meal and exercise intensity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12970-019-0277-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Griffiths
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK.
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Leech Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, 2nd floor Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Roderick King
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
| | - Kevin Deighton
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
| | - John P O'Hara
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QS, UK
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19
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Wagner AL, Keusch F, Yan T, Clarke PJ. The impact of weather on summer and winter exercise behaviors. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:39-45. [PMID: 30719382 PMCID: PMC6349565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor exercise is an enjoyable way for individuals to improve fitness, but it is dependent on weather conditions. This study examines the association between weather conditions and outdoor exercise after adjustment for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. METHODS We used data representative of American adults from the University of Michigan/Thomson Reuters June 2013 surveys of consumers (core and supplement) to investigate self-reported exercise behavior in summer and winter. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models estimated the odds of delayed or indoor exercise compared with outdoor exercise. RESULTS Of the 502 respondents, 16.3% did not regularly exercise outdoors (i.e., at least once a week), and many would delay exercise both in summer (51.8%) and winter (43.9%). Individuals listing rain as the predominant adverse weather condition had 3.33 times higher odds of exercising indoors (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34-8.28) and 3.49 times higher odds of delaying exercise (95%CI: 1.69-7.21) compared with those mentioning heat as the predominant adverse condition. Individuals for whom ice or snow was an adverse winter weather condition were more likely to delay exercise (odds ratio (OR) = 3.34; 95%CI: 1.19-9.36), compared with those concerned with cold. CONCLUSION This study found that race, age, and education exacerbate the negative effects of adverse weather conditions on the decision to exercise outdoors. Accordingly, any recommendation for an individual to exercise outdoors should be combined with an evaluation of the individual's outdoor environment along with strategies for the individual to continue exercising, indoors or outdoors, when adverse weather is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abram L. Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Florian Keusch
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
| | - Ting Yan
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
| | - Philippa J. Clarke
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
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20
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Burtscher M, Gatterer H, Burtscher J, Mairbäurl H. Extreme Terrestrial Environments: Life in Thermal Stress and Hypoxia. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:572. [PMID: 29867589 PMCID: PMC5964295 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Living, working and exercising in extreme terrestrial environments are challenging tasks even for healthy humans of the modern new age. The issue is not just survival in remote environments but rather the achievement of optimal performance in everyday life, occupation, and sports. Various adaptive biological processes can take place to cope with the specific stressors of extreme terrestrial environments like cold, heat, and hypoxia (high altitude). This review provides an overview of the physiological and morphological aspects of adaptive responses in these environmental stressors at the level of organs, tissues, and cells. Furthermore, adjustments existing in native people living in such extreme conditions on the earth as well as acute adaptive responses in newcomers are discussed. These insights into general adaptability of humans are complemented by outcomes of specific acclimatization/acclimation studies adding important information how to cope appropriately with extreme environmental temperatures and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Society for Alpine and Mountain Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL/TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Climate and Human Health: Relations, Projections, and Future Implementations. CLIMATE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cli4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Brocherie F, Millet GP. Is the Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Index Relevant for Exercise in the Heat? Sports Med 2016; 45:1619-21. [PMID: 26359067 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brocherie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Building Geopolis, Campus Dorigny, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Building Geopolis, Campus Dorigny, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Minett GM, Skein M, Bieuzen F, Stewart IB, Borg DN, Bach AJE, Costello JT. Heat acclimation for protection from exertional heat stress. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Minett
- Queensland University of Technology; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Victoria Park Road Kelvin Grove Brisbane Queensland Australia 4059
| | - Melissa Skein
- Charles Sturt University; School of Human Movement Studies; Panorama Avenue Bathurst NSW Australia 2795
| | - Francois Bieuzen
- French National Institute of Sport (INSEP); Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance - EA 7370; 11 avenue du Tremblay Paris France 75012
| | - Ian B Stewart
- Queensland University of Technology; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Victoria Park Road Kelvin Grove Brisbane Queensland Australia 4059
| | - David N Borg
- Queensland University of Technology; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Victoria Park Road Kelvin Grove Brisbane Queensland Australia 4059
| | - Aaron JE Bach
- Queensland University of Technology; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Victoria Park Road Kelvin Grove Brisbane Queensland Australia 4059
| | - Joseph T Costello
- University of Portsmouth; Department of Sport and Exercise Science; Spinnaker Building Cambridge Road Portsmouth UK P01 2ER
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